2020届二轮复习阅读理解七选五类型答题指导课件（59张）

2020届二轮复习阅读理解七选五类型答题指导课件（59张）

七选五类型阅读 答题指导 2020 届二轮复习 一）题型解读： 试题模式 ： 给出一篇缺少 5 个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，要求同学们根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。 考查重点： 主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。（考试说明） 选项特点： 主旨概括句（文章整体内容） 过渡性句子（文章结构） 注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义） 细节类型 1)词汇复现法 复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对 同一个概念 进行 重复 描述。复现关系，主要是指 同义词复现 、 近义词复现、反义词复现 等。 双保险：上下文再核实一下 1-1 、 ________________ …During my first meeting, I presented and then opened the floor to questions. 71 . My first reaction was to answer defensively. … B. Restate the question with respect. C. Some ideas can be quite concrete. D. There were many difficult questions. 词汇复现 --- 同词复现 细节类题型 语义关联 Part I I Passage 1 ______ The image includes the way you look, the way you act, the way you talk and the way you think. Interestingly, our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us. Always love yourself. Self-image is your own mind ’ s picture of yourself. Don ’ t allow doubts to occur in it . self-images Self-image image 2)词汇同现法 　　 词汇同现是指属于 同一词汇 或者 跟此词汇相关同一领域的词汇 在文章中共同出现，达到 语义衔接的目的 。你可以 在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准 。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密（如： 1-2 、 __________________ There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our jobs or schools. Such changes often leaves us without a friend 71 . But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage…. D. Try not to find fault with your friends. E. Making new friends comes easy for some people. F. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch. 词汇复现 -- 反义词复现 细节类题型 But 复现是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，复现的形式主要是指主要是指同词（同源词）复现、同（近）义词复现、反义词复现等。 语义关联 Parents should help their children understand money. 71 so you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things, candy or toys, for example. D. Talk yourself what things that cost money are most important to you. E. Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to you. G. The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest. 2-1 _____________________ 词汇同现（同一词汇范畴 ) 细节类题型 同一词汇搭配范畴或者某一领域的词汇（意思相近）在文章中同时出现，你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到做题快而准。 语义关联 Riding a London subway , a person from China will notice one major difference: In London, commuters ( 乘车上下班的人 )don’t look at each other. __71__. That is not rudeness ---- people are just too busy to bother looking . A.Modern Londoner are fancy victims D.In fact ,eye contact is avoided at all the time. 2-2 _______________ 意义同现法 细节类题型 虽用不同的词但表达相同的意思。即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述，从而使得同样的意思在文章中不同的地方重复出现。 语义关联 Surround yourself with happy people. It is easy to begin to think negatively when you are surrounded by people who think that way. ________ A. There are some tips in life that lead to happiness. B. Being overweight or not eating nutritious foods can have a negative effect on your mood. C. On the contrary, if you are around people who are happy, their emotional state will be infectious. are around Surround Passage 2 语义关联 显著特征： 【 屡试屡验的方法 】 前后有相同字、呼应词 在空前、空后句中 寻找相同字或相关呼应词 3 ) 代词线索 　　英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。 Try taking these four steps. the next time you are stressed: (1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to “trusted adult, such as “parent or other relatives. 72 They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet. D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone. E. You need to figure out what the problem is. F. And don't forget about your friends. ___________ 代词线索 细节类题型 名词、代词单复数上呼应关系 语法关联 ___71___ It is a very happy day for many boys and girls. Before the term ends in some schools, the children act a nativity (基督诞生) or "birth" play, showing how Jesus was born in a stable.（马棚） A．People are often busy going shopping. B．The turkey or chicken is quickly eaten. C．Now the Chinese people also celebrate Christmas. D. Christmas Day falls on the twenty-fifth of December. Ex5.....That happens in the 1980s. And, most recently, she says many kinds of people have joined the movement.________They represent many races,regions and political beliefs. A. They are mainly rich people B. Parents choose home — schooling for several reasons. C. Most often,their parents are their teachers. D. She says these include rich people and poor people. _____ Improved thinking abilities will help them to understand more both in academic sense and in as an individual.Always love yourself. Thinking is a skill. Creative thinking techniques can develop children ’ s mind. Thinking is a tool, and it is something that can be sharpened. them children Part I I Passage 3 _________ They give more background and details. They also let you read parts that are important to you and skip the rest. Both television and the Internet have many disadvantages. Other high-tech timesavers have similar disadvantages. Newspapers and magazines have some important advantages. They Newspapers and magazines read Passage 4 4)数字线索　　包括具体数字以及和数字相关的词汇诸如rate等等。作者列出数字，除了和其他数字进行对比和比较之外，还可以用数据来说明一个观点。 Sixty years ago, people asked about your astrological sign. ________ These days, having a web address is almost as important as a street address. Start simply. Nowadays, they want to know your website. At the top of the page is a banner Graphic. Sixty years ago Nowadays Passage 5 Ex.6 As in China, the weather is different from area to area.___ 1 ____ The temperatures can fall to –60℃ ， which is 60℃ below freezing. In the capital,Ottawa,the average of winter temperature is --10℃,and in summer 21 ℃. ___ 2 ____ The average January temperature is 3 ℃,and in July it is 18 ℃ Canada is famous for the kind of paper which is used for newspapers Canada is the second largest country in the world . The west coast of Canada is the warmest place in winter In the North,the winters are long and hard with snow for six months. For two centuries English and French settlers struggled against each other. 数字线索 包括具体数字以及和数字相关的词汇诸如 ratio 比率 , rate 等等。作者列出数字，除了和其他数字进行对比和比较之外，还可以用数据来说明一个观点。 语义关联 细节类题型 　　 (a) 并列与递进关系： and, or, also ， neither … nor … ,either … or … ,likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say ,as well as, the same … as,besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition to ,what is more 5) 逻辑关系线索 (b)因果关系：because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so … that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a result ,because of ,in that, for this reason, of course (c)转折让步关系：but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than ,instead of, it is true that,of course,although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of (d)时间关系：afterwards, at first, at last, finally, first, firstly, in the first place, to start with，in the mean time, last, later, next, second, secondly, then, third, thirdly, to begin with以及一些具体的时间。 ......This could be watching TV or listening to music. Doing some exercises earlier in the day should help you feel physically as well as mentally tired. _______ However, coffee or tea should be avoided as they contain caffeine and will keep you awake⋯ A. So, what’s a good sleep? B. A bedtime drink can also help C. Having a good sleep will keep you lively the whole day. Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a better student in several ways. __ 71_ Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. Third, note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold your interest. A. Use words, not complete sentences. B. You must write your notes on separate paper. C. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it. There are three practical note-taking methods. Part I I Passage 6 Psychologists think there may be many reasons why violent games are more harmful to children than violent movies. Firstly, players are actively involved in violence, and may begin to use weapons as second nature._________ A.Children are most likely to become addicted to violent videogames. B. At least 12 murders since 1997 have been linked to an addiction with violent video games. C. Secondly, violent games provide repetitive aggressive experiences that are rewarded by more killing. Firstly Secondly Part I I Passage 7 __________ However, the real movie capital is Mumbai, in India. Mumbai used to be known as Bombay, and so the film industry there is called “ Bollywood ” A.Sometimes they even write the script by hand . B.Most people think that the capital of the movie world is Hollywood, in the United States. C.They may even shoot scenes for several films on the same day using the same clothes. However Part I I Passage 8 It seems urgent, that communications in transport should be improved. ____ All over cities, it seems that people are too tired and too rushed to be polite. Communication between human beings should also be kept smooth and polite. B.Yet this is all too often seen. C.The public should obey the rules. also 【 例 2 】 　 On the other hand, the advantages of going overseas may include daytoday opportunities to learn a new culture, meet new friends with whom you can use and practice the language, and chances to see different parts of the world.________ Those disadvantages include expense, time away from one's school, family ， ... A ． The following are its advantages. B ． However, there may be a number of disadvantages. C ． Consider a distance education. D ． Most of us are adapted to studying at school. 解析： 第一句话讲 advantages ，第二句讲 disadvantages, 两句之间用过渡词 however 【 例 3】It is not easy to deal with all of our fears and worries. When your fears and anxieties have the best of you, try to calm down and then get the facts of the situation. The key is to take it slow. All you can do is do your best each day ,hope for the best ,and when something does happen, take it easy .__________ A. Take it one step at a time and things will work out . C. This will give you the confidence to manage your anxiety. 态度 方法 篇章结构类 根据试题所在位置确定不同的解题策略 1) 如果 问题在段首 通常是段落主题句 。 认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则 ，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。 关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题 2) 如果空格出现在段中 ，这时要根据空格 前后 的句子意思、备选选项的句子意思以及句子之间的 逻辑关系 来确定答案 3)如果问题在段尾 通常是 结论、概括性语句 。注意在 选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词 ，如 therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语 ， 选项中也可发现前文的同义词句 。 strategies 主旨概括句（文章整体内容） 1. 标题型 —— 短小精悍 （多为 名词性短语、祈使句 ） 2. 首句型 1) 首段 首句 2) 中间段 首句 3) 末段 首句 文章主题，首尾呼应 靠上下文承接做题 总结下文—— 本段主题 文章主题，首尾呼应 【 例 1】 　 73 __When a person is asking a question, show interest and a desire to understand the question by listening and asking for clarification. A ． Show your true interest. B ． Restate the question with respect. C ． Some ideas can be quite concrete. 解析： 所在空为该段大意 。 By the time I was 12, My grandmother thought I had done such a good job that she promoted me to selling cosmetics( 化妆品 ). I developed the ability to look customers directly in the eye. Even though I was just a kid, women would ask me such things as “What color do you think I should wear? ”I took a real interest in their questions and was able to translate what they wanted into makeup( 化妆 )ideas. ___4___. C. I ended my selling a record amount of cosmetics. D. Today I still carry that lesson with me: I listen to customers. E. My grandma’s trust taught me how to handle responsibility. 【 例 4】 _____ Every day ,when she comes back home from work, she sets about doing housework,sweeping the living room and bedrooms or cleaning the furniture,and putting everything in order. She seems to be busy all the time. … Mother never buys expensive dresses for herself,but she often buys some inexpensive but high quality clothes for us. A. she enjoys listening to class music. B.She never goes to expensive restaurants to enjoy meals. C. My mother is hard—working and never wastes money. D. As a mother,she takes good care of us and gives us every comfort. 实战演习 Part I Passage 1 _______ Universities in Britain are a magnet for overseas students. There are currently over 200 000 from outside Britain studying at British universities. The largest single group is Chinese students.There are currently 50 000 in the UK. Universities in the UK It is very simple to become an international student in the UK Scholarships in Universities 标题 Part I Passage 2 _______ When a person does a certain thing again, he is impelled(迫使) by some unseen force to do the same thing repeatedly; thus a habit is formed. Once a habit is formed, it is difficult , and sometimes impossible, to get rid of . It is very important for us to know why we should get used to good habits. Habits, whether good or bad, are gradually formed. Whether good or not habits are , they are easy to get rid of . 段首 Part I Passage 3 Nowadays in China, parents care about their children ’ s education more than anything else. They spend a lot coaching(训练) their children in their studies. Some even hire teachers for their children. Many have their children sent to after-class schools.____. It seems as if a better education is all that parents expect for their children. Skills and knowledge means competition. Skills and knowledge doesn ’ t mean all. 段尾 Part I Passage 4 Not all past predictions have been proved wrong. ______ Some great thinkers predicted the arrival of the credit card, the fax machine and even the internet ----years before they happened. Predictions of the Future A few of them have been surprisingly accurate. C. It hasn ’ t appear yet. 段中 Part I Passage 5 Learning another language isn ’ t easy, …… _____ Language learning is cumulative(积累): you cannot put it off until weekend. Distribute your study time Study a different task each time:vocabulary now ,grammar next.etc. A.Study every day . B. If you ’ re asked to listen, practice listening. C.So you ’ ll at least have looked at it all. 小标题 1. ___________ Today, there are hundreds of different types of rock music, and almost every country has its own form of rock music. There is “ heavy metal ” which is very loud with hard rhythms, “ rap ” that developed on the streets of New York, “ disco ” , a type of soft rock music for dancing... and many more. Rock and roll B . What today’s rock music is like C. What popular music is D. The changes of country music E. Traditional folk music F. What country music is B 2. ___________ Rock and roll came from jazz and blues during the 1950s. One of the first very famous rock and roll singers was Elvis Presley. Now, almost every country has many rock and roll bands and singers. Some performers call their music by different names, like rap or punk. Rock and roll B . What today’s rock music is like C. What popular music is D. The changes of country music E. Traditional folk music F. What country music is A 3. ___________ The music that most people like to sing and play today is called popular music. This includes the songs that you hear on the radio, in movies, and on TV. Some of the most popular kinds of music now are rock and roll and the country western music. A. Rock and roll B. What today’s rock music is like C. What popular music is D. The changes of country music E. Traditional folk music F. What country music is c 4. ___________ Country music known as country western music has a long history. It comes from the folk songs of immigrants( 移民 ) from Britain. Country music uses simple music and words to express everyday feelings such as loneliness, love and sadness. A. Rock and roll B. What today’s rock music is like C. What popular music is D. The changes of country music E. Traditional folk music F. What country music is F 5. ___________ Country music became popular first among cowboys in the American western countryside. Cowboys used to sing peaceful and beautiful songs to calm animals and get over their own fear. In recent years, many musicians have made country western music a little different from the music in the past. These changes make the songs sound even better.Choose the right topic for each paragraph according to the passage. One of them is not useful. A. Rock and roll B. What today’s rock music is like C. What popular music is D. The changes of country music E. Traditional folk music F. What country music is D Let’s have a summary about this class. 七选五阅读理解题的解题技巧 : ◆ 速读全文，关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题 ◆ 浏览选项，理解全篇逻辑关系 , 找出关键词 ◆运用上下文所 重复的关键词 推断 ◆ 利用同义词和近义词关系 ◆ 利用词的上下义关系 ◆ 利用反义词、过渡词关系 ◆理清结构，确定答案 Practice Good Luck _ ______71_______ It is a very happy day for many boys and girls. Before the term ends in some schools, the children act a nativity ( 基督诞生 ) or "birth" play, showing how Jesus was born in a stable. （马棚） . On the twenty-fourth of December, all children are very excited.______72____ The younger children think that Father Christmas will come down the chimney of fireplace, so they hang up a sock for him to put presents in. The greedy ones even hang up a pillowcase or a sack to try to get more presents.________73_____ On Christmas morning, the children wake up very early. Some even turn on the light at two o'clock, and most of them are awake by six o'clock although there is no light in England for another hour or two at this time of the year. _____74______ At about one o'clock in the afternoon, the Christmas dinner is brought in._____75______ Children search in their Christmas pudding for new coins which are hidden in it. The rest of the day is full of games and eating until the happiness of all Christian holidays comes to an end. A ． People are often busy going shopping. B ． The turkey or chicken is quickly eaten. C ． Now the Chinese people also celebrate Christmas. D ． Children look for their presents, and the young ones play while the dinner is prepared. E. Later that night, Father or Mother will put presents in the sock, and leave others at the side of the bed. F. Usually they are sent to bed early so that their parents can get the presents ready. G. Christmas Day falls on the twenty-fifth of December. 小题 1:G 小题 2:F 小题 3:E 小题 4:D 小题 5:B 文章讲述的是圣诞节前后所发生的一切事情。 小题 1:G 根据本段下文可知圣诞节是 12 月 25 日。 小题 2:F 本段讲述的圣诞老人给孩子送礼物的情况，通常父母很早就把孩子送上床睡觉了。目的是为孩子准备好礼物。 小题 3:E 承接上文。这里是指父母给孩子送礼物的情景。 小题 4:D 本段是讲述在圣诞节这一天所发生的情况。早晨孩子在找礼物，大一点的孩子在玩耍，父母在准备圣诞大餐。 小题 5:B 上一句提及的圣诞大餐，火鸡正是圣诞大餐里不可缺少的。故 B 符合要求。