【英语】2018届语法二轮复习动词和动词短语（含解析）　教案（10页）

【英语】2018届语法二轮复习动词和动词短语（含解析）　教案（10页）

‎2018届语法二轮复习 动词和动词短语 ‎ 要点回顾 一、动词词义辨析 ‎①It is thought by some people that Ebooks might substitute traditional books in the future because of various advantages of Ebooks over paper ones.(2014·荆州调研)‎ 有些人认为，将来电子书籍可能取代传统书籍，因为电子书籍较纸质书籍有很多优势。‎ ‎②The watch was very good, and he paid 20 percent down for it.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)‎ 那块表很不错，他以20%的折扣价买下了它。‎ ‎③According to scientists, our mental abilities begin to decline from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22.(2012·浙江高考)‎ 根据科学家的研究，我们的智力在22岁达到最高水平后从27岁开始下降。‎ ‎④—Are you still mad at her?‎ ‎—Not really, but I can’t deny that her remarks hurt me.(2011·江苏高考)‎ ‎——你还在生她的气吗？‎ ‎——不那么生气了，不过，我不能否认她的话伤害了我。‎ 动词词义辨析一直都是高考考查的重点，这类题绝大多数情况下所给的四个选项的含义各不相同，没有关联性，此时考查的是对题干和语境的理解。近三年全国各地高考考查到的还有：‎ ‎①sacrifice (牺牲); substitute (代替); simplify (简化); survive ‎②conclude; lead; avoid (避免); hold ‎③persuade(说服); promise; invite; support ‎④open; narrow; widen; leave ‎⑤make; turn; take; have ‎⑥sponsor (赞助); launch (发射); organize; plan ‎⑦tell; remind (提醒); warn; advise 二、动词短语辨析 短语动词是由动词与介词、名词或副词结合在一起而组成的。有些短语动词相当于及物动词，有些则相当于不及物动词。‎ ‎1．动词＋副词 break down　　　　　　　　 坏掉；分解；垮下来 break up 打碎；分解；分手 bring down 使降低，使下降 come out 出现，出版，结果是 cut down 砍倒；削减 get over 克服 make out 辨认出 put away 收起；储存 set aside 拔出；置于一旁 set off 出发，引爆 take off 起飞，腾飞；脱掉 take over 接管 turn out 结果是，证明是 turn down 拒绝，把音量开小 work out 解出，进展顺利，锻炼身体 figure out 弄清，搞明白 Traditionally, college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they set off on their life journey.(2013·安徽高考)‎ 传统上，大学生在开始他们的人生旅途之前会举行毕业典礼来鼓励自己。 ‎ Oldfashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters.(2013·福建高考)‎ 无线网络在灾难中瘫痪的时候，老式电话起到重要作用。‎ ‎[点津]　“动词＋副词”搭配构成的短语，其宾语若为代词，应放在动词与副词中间。如put it on, think it over。‎ ‎2．动词＋介词 break into 破门而入 believe in 信任 begin with 以……开始 come across 偶然碰到 depend on 依靠 go through 从……穿过 see to 处理 come to 共计 look into 调查 set about 着手做 bring about 引起，导致 agree with 同意，适合 I’m so glad you’ve come here to see to this matter in person.(2012·湖北高考)‎ 我很高兴你亲自来这里处理此事。‎ You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must agree with you, I suppose.(2010·陕西高考)‎ 你气色很好，我想三亚的空气和海鲜肯定适合你。‎ ‎3．动词＋副词＋介词 add up to 加起来；总共 break away from 躲开；脱离 catch up with 赶上；超过 do away with 废除 go in for 从事；参加 put up with 忍受；容忍 get along with 与……相处；进展 get on with 与……相处；进展 keep out of 使……不进入 look forward to 盼望 live up to 达到；不辜负 get down to 着手做 come up with 想出，提出 look up to 尊敬 get across to 使明白，使清楚 He will have to find some other work, for he can’t put up with this loud noise any more.(2014·陕西宝鸡模拟)‎ 他必须找其他工作，因为他再也无法忍受这么大的噪音。‎ A good speaker is supposed to manage to get across to the listeners what he means.(2014·湖北七市联考)‎ 一个好的演讲者应该让听众明白他所表达的含义。‎ ‎4．动词＋名词＋介词 catch sight of 突然发现 make use of 利用 pay attention to 注意 make sense of 理解 take notice of 注意到 take the place of 代替 take part in 参加 take pride in 为……自豪 make sense of 理解 take advantage of 利用 make room for 为……腾出空间 keep up with 与……保持联系 James took the magazines off the little table to make room for the television.(2010·天津高考)‎ 为给电视机腾出空间，吉姆把杂志从这张小桌子上拿走了。‎ The school isn’t the one I really wanted to go to, but I suppose I’ll just have to make good use of it.‎ 这所学校并不是我真正想去的学校，但既然来了，我还是想充分利用它。‎ ‎ 考点搜索 考点一动词词义辨析 ‎1．(2013·湖北高考)While intelligent people can often ______ the complex, a fool is more likely to complicate the simple.‎ A．sacrifice B．substitute C．simplify D．survive 解析：选C　考查动词辨析。句意：聪明的人常常能把复杂的事情简单化，而愚蠢的人更可能把简单的问题复杂化。根据句意可知，这里用simplify与后面的the simple对应，the complex与后面的complicate呼应。sacrifice“牺牲”；substitute“代替”；survive“幸存”。‎ ‎2．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Try not to cough more than you can ________ since it may cause problems to your lungs.‎ A．check B．allow C．stop D．help 解析：选D　考查动词辨析。句意：尽量不要过多咳嗽，因为咳嗽过多可能引发你的肺部问题。not more than one can help意为“能少尽量少”，符合句意。‎ ‎3．(2013·浙江高考)A good listener takes part in the conversation, ________ ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.‎ A．realizing B．copying C．offering D．misunderstanding 解析：选C　考查动词辨析。句意：善于倾听的人在谈话的时候，往往会提出想法和问题，从而使得谈话能流畅地进行下去。offer“提供，主动提出”，符合句意。realize“意识到”；copy“复制”；misunderstand“误解”。‎ 考点二动词短语辨析 ‎4．(2013·湖北高考)In much of the animal world, night is the time ________ for sleep — pure and simple.‎ A．set aside　　　　　　　　 B．set down C．set off D．set up 解析：选A　考查动词短语辨析。句意：在很多动物世界里，夜晚完全是用来睡觉的时间。pure and simple“完全是，不折不扣是”。set aside“留出，拨出(时间等)”，符合句意。set down“写下”；set off“出发，引起”；set up“建立”。‎ ‎5．(2013·湖北高考)Butterflies ________ a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect.‎ A．carry on B．feed on C．put on D．focus on 解析：选B　考查动词短语辨析。句意：蝴蝶以花产生的一种甜甜的液体为食，蜜蜂和别的昆虫则采集这种液体。carry on“继续”；feed on“以……为食物”；put on“上演，穿上”；focus on“集中(注意力、精力等于……上)”。根据句意可知应选B。‎ ‎6．(2013·辽宁高考)Briggs will ________ as general manager when Mitchell retires.‎ A．get away B．take over ‎ C．set off D．run out 解析：选B　考查动词短语辨析。句意：米切尔退休时布里格斯将接任总经理职务。take over“接管，接收”，符合句意。get away“脱身”；set off“出发”；run out“用完”。‎ ‎7．(2013·江西高考)Mother always complains that children ________ their shoes very quickly.‎ A．find out B．wash out C．wear out D．set out 解析：选C　考查动词短语辨析。句意：母亲总是抱怨孩子们的鞋很快就穿破了。wear out“用坏，(使)磨损”，符合语境。find out“查明”；wash out“把……洗掉”；set out“启程，动身”。‎ ‎ 综合检测 ‎1．(2014·湖北武汉五月供题)She has________tears because she needs to be “that strong one” and because now it is time to fight, she ‎ says, not to mourn.‎ A．brought back B．given back C．held back D．looked back 解析：选C　考查动词短语辨析。句意：她已经抑制住泪水，因为她需要成为坚强的人，她说，因为现在到了战斗，而不是哀悼的时候。hold back“抑制住(泪水、愤怒)”；bring back“拿回来”；give back“归还”；look back“回头看”。‎ ‎2．(2014·武汉市四中月考)Despite the fact that all three teams ________ different approaches to the problem, they were all immediate successes.‎ A．adopted B．attained C．adapted D．attached 解析：选A　考查动词辨析。句意：尽管三个队伍采取了不同的解决方法，但这些方法都立刻奏效了。adopt“采纳，采取”，符合句意。attain“获得，达到”；adapt“(使)适应，调整”；attach“连接，附上”。‎ ‎3．(2014·武昌调研)For the dance she had been looking forward to for many days, she wore her best clothes that she ________ in the closet.‎ A．set down B．set aside ‎ C．set out D．set off 解析：选B　句意：这场舞会她已经期盼好久了，她穿上她留在衣柜中的最好衣服。set aside“留出，拨出”，符合题意。set down“记下”；set out“开始，出发”；set off“出发，引起”。‎ ‎4．(2014·武汉调研)He became confused because the book contains new ideas which ________ what he has been taught to believe.‎ A．contradict B．assess C．acknowledge D．confirm 解析：选A　句意：他被弄糊涂了，因为这本书里讲的新观点驳斥了他所学的。contradict“与……矛盾，驳斥”，符合题意。assess“评估”；acknowledge“承认”；confirm“证实”。‎ ‎5．(2014·武汉调研)I have decided to ________ some furniture for my living room, but I’m at a complete loss as to which brand to buy.‎ A．decorate B．launch C．maintain D．purchase 解析：选D　句意：我已经决定为我的起居室添置一些家具，但完全不知道购买什么品牌的家具。purchase“添置，购买”，符合题意。decorate“装饰”；launch“发射”；maintain“维持，维修”。‎ ‎6．(2014·宜昌调研)They built strong walls along the borders to ________ those who wanted to do them harm.‎ A．cut out B．put out ‎ C．work out D．keep out 解析：选D　句意：他们沿着边界建起坚实的城墙，不让想伤害他们的那些人入侵。keep out“阻止进入”，符合题意。cut out“删去，裁剪”；put out“熄灭，出版”；work out“制定”。‎ ‎7．(2014·宜昌调研)They worked hard and many saved enough money to buy their own land.In this way they came to ________ the sugar industry on many parts of the Queensland coast.‎ A．dominate B．contradict C．prohibit D．accumulate 解析：选A　考查动词辨析。句意：他们努力工作，很多人省下了足够的钱买了他们自己的土地，这样他们就控制了昆士兰海岸很多地方的制糖业。dominate“控制，支配”，符合句意。contradict“反驳，与……矛盾”；prohibit“禁止”；accumulate“积聚”。‎ ‎8．(2014·黄冈质检)What is most important is facing the hard times, ________ the changes, and getting through to the other side where the sun is still shining just for you.‎ A．meeting with B．agreeing with C．going with D．coping with 解析：选D　考查动词短语辨析。句意：最重要的是正视艰难时刻，应对变化，到达太阳仍只为你发光的那一边。这里用cope with表示“对付，应付”。meet with“遇见”；agree with“同意”；go with“伴随”。‎ ‎9．(2014·湖北七市联考)The Chinese football team had experienced a series of reforms.However, its performances in Shenzhen in October ________ all the people, especially the crazy fans.‎ A．knocked down B．let down C．pulled down D．brought down 解析：选B　考查动词短语辨析。句意：中国足球队已经经历了一系列的改革。然而，它十月份在深圳的表现让所有的人失望，尤其是疯狂的球迷们。let down“使失望”，符合句意。‎ ‎10．(2014·孝感调研)WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange was in court today, and when asked for his address he said he didn’t want to ________ that information.‎ A．give out B．keep out C．hold out D．bring out 解析：选A　考查动词短语辨析。句意：维基解密创始人Julian Assange今天出庭，当法官问他住址时，他回答说，他不想公布这一信息。give out“公布，宣布”符合句意。keep out“阻止进入”；hold out“坚持”；bring out“出版”。‎ ‎11．(2014·华师一附中调研)Most of the people present at the meeting think poorly of the proposal, which they think will________ the worsening of the environment.‎ ‎ A．adapt to B．refer to ‎ C．subscribe to D．contribute to 解析：选D　考查动词短语辨析。句意：大多数与会者都不看好这一提议，他们认为它会导致环境的恶化。contribute to“导致，是……的原因之一”，符合句意。‎ ‎12．(2014·湖北重点中学5月联考)I’m looking for a job in which I can ________ the different aspects of my experience so far.‎ A．combine B．associate C．comprise D．accumulate 解析：选A　考查动词辨析。句意：目前我正在寻找一份能综合应用我不同经验的工作。combine“(使)结合，组合，综合”，符合句意。associate“把某人/某物与……联系起来”；comprise“构成，组成”；accumulate“积累，积聚”。‎ ‎13．(2014·黄冈调研)Poor Laura was at a loss to ________ her cousin’s angry behavior, and ignorant of what she had offended him.‎ A．answer for B．make for C．allow for D．account for 解析：选D　考查动词短语辨析。句意：可怜的劳拉不知道她的堂兄为什么那么生气，也没注意到自己已经冒犯了他。answer for“对……负责”；make for ‎“促成，使可能”；allow for“考虑到”；account for“解释，说明”。因此选D。‎ ‎14．(2014·武昌区调研)A college is going to ________ a student’s ability based on grades and then make the decision to admit or refuse an applicant.‎ A．experiment B．parallel C．assess D．observe 解析：选C　考查动词辨析。句意：大学将根据分数对学生的能力进行评估，然后决定是否录取。assess“评定，评估，估算”，符合题意。experiment“试验”；parallel“与……相似”；observe“观察；遵守”。‎ ‎15．(2014·武汉调研)Adopting the doctor’s advice, he ________ coffee and cigarettes and ate a balanced diet.‎ A．cut down B．broke down C．turned down D．put down 解析：选A　考查动词短语辨析。句意：他采纳了医生的建议，少喝咖啡，少抽烟并均衡饮食。cut down“削减”，符合句意。break down“出故障；垮掉”；turn down“拒绝；把……调低”；put down“写下，记下”。‎