2020-2021年高考英语一轮复习 Unit 3 Travel journal

2020-2021年高考英语一轮复习 Unit 3 Travel journal

2020-2021 年高考英语一轮复习 Unit 3 Travel journal 【核心素养分析】 语言知识 ：要求考生掌握并能运用英语词汇、语法基础知识以及所学话题。 1.考纲内要掌握的词汇、短语和句型 项目 单词及其词性变化（语法填空必备） 重点单词 1．journal n．日记；杂志；定期刊物→journalist n．记者 2．transport n. & vt.运输；运送→transportation n．交通工具 3．prefer vt.更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)→preferable adj.较适合的；更可取的 →preference n．偏爱；爱好；喜爱 4．disadvantage n．不利条件；不便之处→advantage(反义词) 5．persuade vt.说服；劝说→persuasion n．劝服→persuasive adj.劝说的；有说服力的 6．graduate vi.毕业 n.大学毕业生→graduation n．毕业 7．finally adv.最后；终于 8．schedule n．时间表；进度表 vt.为某事安排时间 9．stubborn adj.顽固的；固执的 10．organize vt.组织；成立→organized adj.有组织的→organization n．组织 11．determine vt.决定；确定；下定决心→determined adj.坚决的；有决心的→determination n．决 心 12．journey n．旅行；旅程 13．bend n．弯；拐角 vt. (bent, bent)使弯曲 vi.弯身；弯腰 14．attitude n．态度；看法 15．forecast n. & vt.预测；预报 16．reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠的 17．view n．风景；视野；观点；见解 vt.观看；注视；考虑 18．beneath prep.在……下面 重点短语 1．ever since 从那以后 2．be fond of 喜欢 3．care about 关心；担心 4．change one’s mind 改变主意 5．make up one’s mind 下定决心 6．give in(to) 投降；屈服 2. 语法基础知识——名词性从句 主题语境：话题——旅游与交通 语言技能：能在主题语境下，运用所学的语言知识写出日常生活事物的应用文，能够以较丰富的语言写出 读后续写的故事。 【基础巩固】 知识点 1．prefer vt. 更喜欢 【归纳拓展】 preference n. 偏爱 prefer sth. 更喜欢某事物 prefer to do /doing sth. 更喜欢做某事 prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth.＝prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 7．as usual 通常；照常 8．at midnight 在午夜 9．dream about doing 梦想干某事 10．graduate from 从……毕业 11．at an altitude of 在……高度 12．put up a tent 搭起帐篷 13．for one thing，...for another 一方面，……另一方面 14．can’t/can hardly wait to do sth. 迫不及待地干某事 经典句型 （高考书 面表达必 备） 1．Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip. 从高中起，我姐姐王薇和我就一直梦想作一次伟大的自行车旅行。 2．It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends. 首先想到要沿湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅行的是我的姐姐。 3．When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience.当我告诉她那里空气稀薄，呼吸困难而且天气很冷时，她却说这将是一次 有趣的经历。 4．Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.她一旦下定决心，什么也不能使她改变。 5．A determined person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is. 有决心的人总是努力完成工作的，而不管它有多难。 必备语法 （高级句 型） 名词性从句 宁愿做……而不做……/相比……更喜欢做…… prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事＝prefer that sb. (should) do sth. 提示：1.prefer 是“更喜欢”的意思，即 like better, 因此 prefer 不能再与 better, more 等比较级词语连用。 【典例 1】 （2020·徐州高级中学高三）The government stared pushing for closure of orphanages, to place children in private homes, hopefully with relatives. A．having preferred B．to prefer C．preferring D．Preferred 【答案】C 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：政府开始推动关闭孤儿院，优先把孩子放在私人家庭里，并希望和亲戚 在一起。句中逻辑主语 The government 与 prefer 之间为主动关系，且与句中谓语动词 started 同时发生，所 以用现在分词作状语。故选 C。 2．（2019·黑龙江哈师大附中高三期末）Travellers on a tight ______ might prefer ______ . A．bill; calculating B．change; catering C．budget; backpacking D．cash; bargaining 【答案】C 【解析】考查名词和动词词义辨析。句意：预算紧张的旅行者可能更喜欢背包旅行。A. bill 纸币，calculating 计算； B. change 零钱，catering (为社交活动) 提供饮食；C. budget 预算，backpacking 背包旅行；D. cash 现金，bargaining 讨价还价。on a tight budget：生活拮据，没有足够的钱。backpack 尤指徒步旅行时用背包 背负食物和装备等。旅行者预算紧张，因此 backpack 可以减少一些费用。故选 C。 【变式】 1.根据句意完成句子 (1)She prefers ___________ to ____________.跳舞和唱歌相比，她更喜欢跳舞。 (2)The soldier preferred ____________ rather than ____________.这位战士宁死不屈。 (3)I'd prefer you __________________ there alone.我倒希望你不要单独去那儿。 (4)We prefer that they (______) ______ it in a different way.我们倒希望他们用一种不同的方法去做。 【答案】（1）dancing；singing （2）to die；give in （3）not to go（4）（should）do 2.单句填空 1. I’d choose the smaller car in ____________ (prefer) to the larger one. 2. I prefer____(go) swimming rather than go fishing. 3．I prefer staying at home to _______ (play) with him outside. 4．There was much information just waiting ______ (refer) to for your report. 5．My ________(prefer) for science became evident only in the last year of my middle school. 6．Parents should not show preference ____________ any one of their children. 【答案】1.preference 2.to go3.playing 4.考查非谓语动词。句意：有许多信息在等待你写报告时参考。wait 后 需用动词不定式，且 refer to 和其逻辑主语 information 为动宾关系，故用不定式的被动形式。故填 to be referred。5.句意：我对科学的偏爱直到中学的最后一年才显现出来。分析句子结构可知，此处用名词形式作 主语，填 preference。6.for 知识点 2．persuade vt. 劝说；说服 【归纳拓展】 persuasion n. 说服；信服；信念 persuasive adj. 有说服力的；令人信服的 persuade sb. to do sth.＝persuade sb. into doing sth.说服某人做某事 persuade sb. not to do sth.＝persuade sb. out of doing sth.说服某人不做某事 try to persuade sb. to do sth.＝advise sb. to do sth.尽力劝说某人做某事(但未必劝服) persuade sb. of sth. 使某人相信…… persuade sb.＋that 从句 使某人相信…… 【词语辨析】比较：persuade/advise (1)advise 表示“劝告”的动作，不看结果，而 persuade 强调“已经说服”； advise 可接动词的－ing 形式做宾 语，也可接 that 引导的宾语从句(必须用虚拟语气 “should＋动词原形”)，而 persuade 不能。 (2)persuade 还有“使人相信”的意思，搭配 persuade sb. of sth. 和 that 从句，而 advise 无此用法 【典例 2】 1．（2019·黑龙江哈尔滨期末）He is so stubborn that it’s no use __________ him ________ his mind once he makes a decision. A．to persuade, to change B．persuading, to change C．persuading, changing D．to persuade, changing 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词不定式和动名词。句意：他很固执，一旦做了决定就劝他改变主意是没有用的。固定句 型：It’s no use doing sth.“做某事没有用”；固定搭配：persuade sb. to do sth.“劝说某人做某事”。故选 B。 2．（2020·上海复旦附中月考）The parents attempted to marrying the boy, though motivated but without a handsome pay, a decent car or a respectable apartment. A．encourage their daughter from B．discourage their daughter into C．dissuade their daughter into D．persuade their daughter out of 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词短语。句意：父母试图说服女儿不要嫁给那个男孩，尽管他很有志向，但是却没有丰厚 的薪水，像样的汽车或体面的公寓。A 项的搭配是错误的；discourage sb from doing：阻止某人做某事，因 此 B 项错误；dissuade sb from doing 劝某人不做某事，因此 C 项错误；persuade sb out of sth：说服某人不做 某事。因为男孩没有丰厚的薪水，像样的汽车或体面的公寓，因此父母试图说服女儿不要嫁给那个男孩。 故选 D。 【变式】 1.（2019·黑龙江月考）You can’t imagine what great difficulty I had ______ my child to accept my suggestion. A．to persuade B．persuading C．persuaded D．persuade B 考查固定句型。句意：你无法想象我说服我的孩子接受我的建议，遇到了多大的困难。Imagine doing sth. 想 象做某事，该句型是固定句型，故选 B。 2.单句语法填空 ①The doctors were having a hard time ____________ （persuade） him to lie down. 【答案】persuading ②We suggested in a ________（persuade）tone of voice that she do it immediately. 【答案】考查形容词。句意：我们用有说服力的语气建议她立即做这件事。tone 为名词需要形容词修饰， 故填 persuasive。 3.完成句子 (1)I ________________________________ with my English. 我已说服他帮助我学习英语。 (2)I've ________________________ drinking by ____________________ many times. 通过多次劝告，我说服他戒了酒。 【答案】(1)have persuaded him to help me (2)persuaded him to stop; advising him 知识点 3．determine vt.&vi. 决定；确定；(使)下定决心 【归纳拓展】 determined adj. 坚决的；有决心的 determination n. 决心 determine＋n./pron. 决(确)定某事 determine on/upon... 决定…… determine to do sth. 决定做某事(表示动作，非延续性动词短语) be determined to do sth. 决心做某事(表示状态，可与表示时间段的状语连用) determine sb. to do sth. 使某人下决心做某事 determine that/be determined that... 决心/定做某事 【典例 3】 （2020·天津一中高三月考）Professor Johnson is such a _______ person that he always tries to finish the research, no matter how hard it is. A．stubborn B．determined C．reliable D．remarkable 【答案】B 【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：约翰逊教授是一个意志如此坚定的人，他总是努力完成这项研究，不管 有多困难。A. stubborn 固执的；B. determined 有决心的、意志坚定的；C. reliable 可靠的；D. remarkable 非 凡的。根据“he always tries to finish the research, no matter how hard it is.”可知，不管有多困难，他总是努力完 成这项研究，这说明他是一个意志坚定的人，故 B 项正确。 【变式】 1.完成句子 (1)She determined that she ______ never ______ him again. 她下决心再也不要见到他。 (2)We __________________ catch up with them in a month.我们下定决心一个月内赶上他们。 (3)The teacher's encouraging words______________________________. 老师鼓舞的话使他决心努力学习。 【答案】（1）would；see（2）are determined to（3）determined him to work hard 2.语法填空 （2014·浙江高三月考）He stayed up too late every night,______（determine） to catch up with his classmates. 【答案】determined 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意： 他每天熬夜到很晚，决心去赶上其它同学。形容词作状语。 3.______ to train his daughter in English, he put an ad like this in the paper, “______， an English teacher for a ten －year－old girl.” A．Determined; wanted B．Determined; wanting C．Determine; wanted D．Determining; wanting 【答案】A 【解析】第一空 determined to do 做状语，表示“下定决心”；第二空 wanted 表示“被需要”。知识点 4．attitude n. 态度；看法 【归纳拓展】 take a/an…attitude 采取……的态度 change one's attitude 改变态度 【温馨提示】 attitude towards/to sb/sth“对……的看法、态度”，是习惯用法，不用介词 of。 【典例 4】 1.（2019·黑龙江哈九中高三月考）Despite such a big difference in _____ towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special. A．analysis B．ambition C．attitude D．agreement 【答案】C 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：尽管人们对吃什么的态度有很大的不同，但毫无疑问，西方人认为中国菜 很特别。A. analysis 分析；B. ambition 雄心；C. attitude 态度；D. agreement 同意。文中表示“尽管人们对吃 什么的态度有很大的不同”，故选 C。 2.（江苏泰州中学月考）Despite such a big difference in ________ towards what one eats, there is no doubt ________ people in the West regard the Chinese food as something special. A．point; that B．idea; whether C．attitude; that D．attitude; whether 【答案】C 【解析】考查词意辨析和同位语从句。句意：尽管人们对吃食方面的态度有很大不同，但西方人认为中餐 是特别的东西是毫无疑问的。理解语境是关键，attitude 意为“态度”，常与 towards 连用，表示“对……的态 度”，表示人们在吃食方面的态度有很大不同。point 意为“特点，特征，要点”；idea 意为“主意，念头，思 想，计划，打算，意见”。there is no doubt that…“毫无疑问……”，that 引导同位语从句，故选 C。 【变式】 1.根据汉语提示完成句子 (1)I have to ____________________________ you.我只好改变对你的态度。 (2)He ________________________________ his school work.他对自己功课的态度很端正。 【答案】(1)change my attitude to/towards(2)has a good attitude towards/to 2．Your attitude ________ life determines how happy or unhappy you are. A．towards B．with C．on D．for 【答案】A 【解析】考查介词。固定搭配：attitude to/towards“对……的态度”。句意：你对生活的态度决定你有多快乐 或不快乐。故 A 选项正确。 3.Many foreigners changed their attitude ________ Chinese tennis players after Li Na made history in the French Open. A．with B．for C．of D．to 【答案】D 【解析】the attitude to/towards…对待……的态度。句意：李娜在法国公开赛上创造历史后，很多外国人改 变了他们对待中国网球运动员的态度。 知识点 5．insist vt.&vi.坚持认为；坚决要求，一定要 【归纳拓展】 insist on sth/doing sth 坚持某事/做某事 if you insist 如果你一定要这样 【用法指南】 (1)insist 后跟 that 引导的宾语从句表示“坚决要求，坚决主张”时，谓语动词要用“should＋动词原形”，should 可以省略。 (2)insist 若表示“坚持认为，坚持说”的意思时，宾语从句多用陈述句语气。 【典例 5】 1．（江苏南京师大附中）Dr. Hoffman insisted that the weight-loss pills _____ harmful and that they _____. A．were; should not take B．be; are not taken C．were; not be taken D．are; are not taken 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态和虚拟语气。句意：霍夫曼博士坚持认为减肥药是有害的，坚持要求不应该服用。insist 表示坚持认为的时候后面接陈述语气，所以第一空根据 insisted 后面应用一般过去时，用 were，而第二个空， 意为坚持要求，应接虚拟语气，动词应用（should）+do，take 和主语 they 为被动关系，故用 not be taken， 故选 C。 2．（2019·天津高考真题）You should respect the views of others, and at the same time what you think is right. A．care for B．look at C．insist on D．meet with 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：你应该尊重别人的观点，同时坚持你认为正确的事情。A. care for 关心， 照顾；B. look at 看；C. insist on 坚持；D. meet with 符合，偶然遇见。故 C 选项正确。 【变式】 1.完成句子 (1)He insisted that he _________anything.他坚持说他从来没有偷过任何东西。 (2)The engineer ________________ having his plan carried out.工程师坚决要求执行他的计划。 (3)I insisted that she ________________ with you. 我坚决要求她跟你走。 (4)Madame Curie insisted that there ________ something in nature that gave out radiation.居里夫人坚持认为自然 界中有物质能释放出射线。 【答案】（1）had never stolen (2)insisted on (3)(should)go (4)was 2．（上海复旦附中期中）After I settled in, a man approached me and insisted that I ____ in his seat. I ignored him and told him to go away. A．was B．were C．be D．would be 【答案】A 【解析】考查 insist+ that 从句用法。句意：我坐好后，一个男人走过来，坚持认为我坐在他的座位上。我不 理他，叫他走开。此处 insist 意为“坚持认为”，后 that 从句用陈述语序，且句子时态为一般过去时。故选 A。 3. （2019·江苏期末）The old professor insisted that the problem requiring paying attention to . A．was discussed B．would be discussed C．be discussed D．being discussed 【答案】C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：老教授坚持要讨论那个需要注意的问题。insist 表示“坚持要求”时，其后的 宾语从句要用 should do 的虚拟语气 知识点 6．beneath prep.在……下面 adv.在下方；在底下 【归纳拓展】 beneath, below 与 under (1)beneath 意为“在……下面”，在文学语言中，有时可代替 below 和 under，强调物体间的接触，与 on 相对。beneath 还可表示“(程度、水平、等级、地位等)比……更低”。 (2)below 表示物体之间不接触，不一定存在垂直的位置关系，与 above 相对。 (3)under 表示物体间的关系一定是垂直的，物体间可以不接触，也可接触，与 over 相对。 【典例 6】 （2018·江苏省海头高级中学测试）After hours of walking, Emma was so tired and hungry that her legs were beginning to give way _____ her. A．beside B．behind C．beyond D．beneath 【答案】D 【解析】考查介词辨析。句意：在走了几小时之后，艾玛如此累和饿以至于快要摔倒了。A. beside 旁边； B. behind 后边；C. beyond 超出； D. beneath 下面。根据 her legs 在下面得知用介词 beneath。故选 D。 【变式】 1.用 beneath, below 或 under 填空 (1)I sat ________ a tree and took a rest. (2)The temperature fell ________ zero last night. (3)It would be ________ him to do that. 【答案】(1)under (2)below (3)beneath 2． Neil seemed very calm，yet Celia was still aware of his panic _______ the surface. A. beneath B. over C. beyond D. from 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：考查介词。A.beneath 在---之下；B.over 越过，在---之上；C.beyond 超过，越过；D.from 从---。 Neil 似乎非常冷静，然而 Celia 仍然意识到他表面之下的惊慌。故选 A。 考点：考查介词 3．）It’s burning hot today. Shall we rest in the shade these trees? A．over B．beneath C．outside D．to 【答案】B 【解析】考查介词。句意为：今天真热。我们可以在树下的阴凉处休息吗？选项 A 意为在…之上、遍及、 在…期间；选项 B 意为在…之下；选项 C 意为在外面；选项 D 意为对于、为了、去等意思。根据句意选择 B。 知识点 7．care about 关心，在乎 【归纳拓展】 care about 关心，在乎，在意(多用于疑问或否定句) care for 喜欢或喜好某人/物(多用于否定或疑问句)； 照顾；照看 take care of (＝look after) 照顾 take care 当心；小心 with care 小心地 medical care 医疗服务 【典例 7】 用 care, care about 与 care for 的适当形式填空 (1)Mr Black，who didn't ________ money，never______his salary. (2)Would you ____________ a cup of coffee? (3)I don't ____________if I never see her again! 【答案】(1)care for; cared about (2)care for (3)care 【变式】 — Does your wife like tea? —Well, she doesn’t really ____ tea; she likes coffee better. A．care for B．care C．care about D．care of 【答案】A 【解析】考查情景交际和动词短语。句意：—你妻子喜欢喝茶吗？—噢，她不怎么喜欢，她更喜欢咖啡。A 喜欢，照顾；C 关心，担心。这里是“喜欢”的意思，故选 A。 知识点 8．change one's mind 改变主意 【归纳拓展】 make up one's mind 下定决心 call/bring sth. to mind 回忆起某事 lose one's mind 发疯 have a/no mind to do sth. 有/无意做某事 fix/keep one's mind upon/on ... 把注意力放在……bear/keep... in mind 记住…… have...on one's mind 为某人操心/焦虑 have...in mind 打算；考虑 【温馨提示】 在 change one's mind 及 make up one's mind 短语中 mind 均为可数名词，有单复数形式变化。 【典例 8】 (1)I'm just going to _________________________________ (改变主意)when you ask. (2)___________________ (什么也不会让他改变主意)once he ____________________(他下定决心)． (3)I ____________________________(无法决定)whether to go or stay at home. 【答案】(1)change my mind (2)Nothing will change his mind; has made up his mind (3)can't make up my mind 【变式】 选择填空 —I'm afraid that she won't come to help me as she promised. —Don't worry. Nothing will ________ her mind if she has ________up her mind. A．change; made B．turn; done C．grow; given D．make; changed 【答案】A 【解析】考查固定短语。change one's mind 改变主意；make up one's mind 下定决心。句意：——恐怕她不 能像她答应的那样来帮助我。——不要担心。如果她决定了，没有什么能改变她的想法。 知识点 10．give in 屈服；投降；让步；上交 【归纳拓展】 give in to sb. 对某人让步 give away 赠送；泄漏；出卖 give back 归还 give off 放出；散发出(液体、气体、气味、热量、能量、光、声音) give out 分发；用完；消耗尽，筋疲力尽 give up 放弃，戒掉；停止；认输；把……送交 give over 移交 give way to 给……让路；屈服；被……征服 【温馨提示】(1)give in 作“屈服，投降，让步”讲时，是不及物动词短语，后面常接介词 to, 表示“向某人屈 服”。作“交上，呈交”讲时，是及物动词短语，give in sth (或 sth in) to sb 表示“把某物交给某人”。 (2)give up“放弃”，既可作不及物动词短语，也可作及物动词短语。用作及物动词短语时，后面常跟 pron./n./doing sth，表示“放弃(做)某事”。 【典例 10】 (1)The police gave ______ searching for the missing child.警察放弃寻找那个丢失的孩子。 (2)The teacher gave ______ our papers before the class.上课之前，老师给我们分发了试卷。 (3)We'd better give the suspect ____________ the police.我们最好把嫌疑犯交给警察。 (4)This piece of meat is giving ______ a bad smell.这块肉正在发出臭味。 (5)She's very brave and ______________________(从不屈服)． (6)“_______________________(现在不要让步)”， she said. 【答案】（1）up（2）out（3）over to（4）off (5)never gives in (6)Don't give in now 【变式】 He kept begging me for a new bike, and I finally ________． A．gave out B．gave away C．gave in D．gave up 【答案】C 【解析】句意：他一直恳求我给他买辆自行车，最后我让步了。give in 屈服；投降；让步。 知识点 11．as usual 照常；像往常一样 【归纳拓展】 usual adj. 通常的；平常的 usually adv. 通常地；平常地 …than usual 比平常…… 【典例 11】 (1)I shall leave the office at the same time ____________(像平时一样)． (2)We ____________________(通常外出)for dinner on Sundays. (3)Grandmother slept longer __________(比平时)． (4)That day he got to school early ______________(像往常一样)． 【答案】(1)as usual (2)usually go out (3)than usual (4)as usual 【变式】 1． My father went to work by car______ today, but he arrived at the company later______ . A．than usual; than usual B．as usual; as usual C．as usual; than usual D．than usual; as usual 【答案】C 【解析】考查固定短语。As usual 和平时一样；that usual 通常与比较级连用，本题中的 later than usual 比往 常要晚。句意：我的父亲今天和平时一样开车上班，但是他到公司要比往常要晚。故 C 正确。 2．（2010·广东期中）In order to complete his work ahead of time, he got up earlier_____ A．than usual B．as usual C．than usually D．as usually 【答案】A 【解析】考查词组;A. than usual 比平常， B. as usual 象平常一样，句意是：为了提前完成工作，他比平常 起得早。选 A。 3． If you go and study in Britain, you can get up an hour later ______ as schools in China begins before 8 a.m. A．as usual B．as usually C．than usual D．than usually 【答案】C 【解析】考查固定短语。句意为如果你去英国学习你可以早上晚起一个小时，因为中国早上上课时在八点 前。 As usual 像往常一样 than usual 比以往早 4． Yesterday morning he got up earlier than________ , for it was not a(n）________day. A．common; usual B．usual; ordinary C．usual; normal D．common; ordinary 【答案】B 【解析】than usual"比以往"表时间，不可用 common，后一空为"平凡"用 ordinary，normal 的意思表示常规。 5． Flu is a very ______ infectious disease. Fever, headaches, coughing and fatigue are some of its ______ symptoms. A．normal; common B．usual; ordinary C．common; usual D．ordinary; normal 【答案】C 【解析】考查形容词辨析：normal;正常的， common 共同的，常见的， usual; 平常的，ordinary 普通的， 句意是：流感是很常见的传染病，发烧，头疼，咳嗽，疲劳是它平常的症状。选 C。 【考点精讲】 考点 1：ever since 【教材原句】Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip. 从 高中起，我姐姐王薇和我就一直梦想作一次伟大的自行车旅行。 【句法分析】ever since “从那以后”，句子要与现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用，类似的时间状语还有 so far, up till now, by now, recently, lately, since last month, in/for the past＋ 一段时间，since...ago 等。 【典例 1】 单项选择 1． --- How long has your brother been working in this factory? --- he graduated from college. A．When B．By the time C．Until D．Ever since 【答案】D 【解析】考查连词辨析。A 当…时；B 到…时为止（与完成时连用）；until 直到…才…；ever since 自从…； 句意：—你的兄弟在这个工厂里工作了多久了？—自从她大学毕业到现在一直都在这个工厂里工作。故 D 正确。 2．Salley __________Beijing for Shanghai and __________there ever since. You can go and pay her a visit on your way to Hangzhou. A．has left; worked B．left; worked C．has left; had worked D．left; has worked 【答案】D 【解析】句意：Salley 离开北京到上海，并且从此以后一直在那里工作。你可以在去杭州的路上去拜访她。 句中“离开北京到上海”是陈述过去的事实，故用一般过去时。ever since 常与现在完成时连用。故选 D。 3．（天津高考模拟） ____________ you are familiar with the author’s ideas, try reading all the sections as quickly as you possible can. A．Now that B．Ever since C．So that D．In case 【答案】A 【解析】考查从属连词。句意：__________你熟悉作者的思路，尝试尽快地阅读的所有部分。now that 意为 “既然；由于”，符合语境，故选 A。 4．（2019·赤峰二中月考）Ever since he left school, he ______ becoming a professor in that famous university. A．has never dreamed of B．had never dreamed of C．didn’t dream of D．was not dreaming of 【答案】A 【解析】 考查时态。句意：自从他离开学校以来，他从来没有梦想成为那所著名大学的教授。此处 since“自从---以来”， 引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时态，主句用现在完成时态，故选 A。 【总结提高】 It is/was/has been＋时间段＋since...自从……已经多久了。 It will be/was＋时间段＋before...再有多长时间才…… 在 “It is/was＋时间段＋since...”句型中，若 since 从句中的动词为延续性动词，句子意思要发生 变化。 It is three years since he joined the army. 他参军 3 年了。 It is three years since he smoked.他戒烟 3 年了(不吸烟)。 【变式】 I.翻译句子 他毕业后经历了很多艰难困苦。（ever since; go through） 【答案】Ever since he graduated from university, he has gone through a lot. ever since 和现在完成时态连用，结 合所给汉语可知答案为 Ever since he graduated from university, he has gone through a lot. II.完成句子 1．They_____________________ ever since their childhood.（live） 他们从小就住在这儿。 2．She ________________________ever since she left home.(see) 从她离开家她就没见过她父母。 3．.He went to Europe in 1990 and________________________ China ever since.(return) 他 1990 年去了欧洲， 此后再也没有回中国。 【答案】1．have been living here Ever since 自从---以来，主句要用现在完成时态或现在完成进行时态，结合 所给汉语可知答案为 have been living here 2．Hasn’t seen her parents Ever since 自从---以来，主句要用现在完成时态或现在完成进行时态，结合所给汉 语可知答案为 Hasn’t seen her parents 3．Has never returned to Ever since 自从---以来，主句要用现在完成时态或现在完成进行时态，结合所给汉语 可知答案为 Has never returned to 考点 2 be+形容词+to do 【教材原句】When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience.当我告诉她那里空气稀薄，呼吸困难而且天气很冷时，她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。 【句法分析】be＋adj.＋to do 在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋不定式”结构中，不定式与主语在意义上是动宾关 系，但要用主动形式表被动意义；如果不定式的动词是不及物的，要在不定式后边加介词。用于这种句式 中的形容词常为：easy, difficult, heavy, hard, nice, bitter, dangerous, interesting, important, comfortable, pleasant, impossible 等。 【典例 2】 (1) I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good ______. A．to be breathed B．to breathe C．breathing D．being breathed 【答案】B 【解析】考查 be＋adj.＋to do 结构。 (2)They found the lecture hard ______； they all felt sleepy. A．to be understood B．for understanding C．to understand D．to have been understood 【答案】C 【解析】考查 “find＋宾语＋adj.＋to do”结构。 考点 3 once 引导的状语从句 【教材原句】Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.她一旦下了决心，什么也不能使她改变。 【句法分析】“once＋状语从句”意为“一旦……就……”。在 once 引导的状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将 来时。 【拓展归纳】once 用做副词，可表示： (1)(for) one time 一次 I have only been here once. 我只来过这儿一次。 (2)at some time in the past 一度，曾经 He once lived in Zambia. 他曾经(一度)住在赞比亚。 (3)all at once＝suddenly 突然 All at once the door opened. 突然门开了。 【典例 3】 （2020·南京外国语学校高三）New employees, ____ they are skilled, will get more opportunities for personal development. A．though B．since C．once D．unless 【答案】C 【解析】考查连词。句意：新的雇员，一旦他们有了娴熟的技能，就会得到更多有助于他们个人发展的机 会。分析句子可知，此处应表示一旦他们有了娴熟的技能，故应用“once”。故选 C 【变式】 1.翻译下列句子 ①你一旦下定决心做某事，你一定要遵守诺言。(once) ②我们一致同意一旦得出调查结论，就尽早让公众知晓。（once） 【答案】①Once you has determined to do something, you must keep your word/keep it．Once 引导条件状语从 句可以用现在完成时 be determined to do 有决心做, keep your word 守信； ②We agreed that once the research conclusion was made, it would be made public as soon as possible. 2. （2019·江苏宿迁中学高三期中）Although alcohol is legal, it can damage the liver and do great harm ______consumed in large quantities. A．even if B．once C．While D．unless 【答案】B 【解析】考查状语从句。句意：虽然酒是合法的，但一旦大量饮用，会损害肝脏并造成巨大伤害。A. even if 即使；B. once 一旦；C. while 然而；D. unless 除非。根据“it can damage the liver and do great harm”可知，一 旦大量饮用，就会造成肝脏损害并带来巨大伤害。故选 B。 考点 4 no matter 句型 【教材原句】A determined person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is.一个意志坚定的人总是 努力完成工作，不管它多么困难。 【句法分析】no matter ，作“不管”“无论”解，同 what/who/when/where/how 等疑问词连用，引导让步状语 从句。 【温馨提示】(1)no matter what/who/when/how/where 可以换成 whatever/whoever/whenever/however/wherever 引导让步状语从句。 (2)whatever, whichever，whoever, whomever 还可以引导名词性从句。 Whoever breaks the law should be punished. 任何违犯了法律的人都应受到惩罚。 (3)however 是副词，修饰形容词、副词＋主＋谓； whatever 是代词，修饰的是名词。如： ①However difficult it is, you must work it out. 不管有多难，你都要解决这件事。 ②Whatever difficulty there is, we must work together. 不管有什么样的困难我们都要团结合作。 【典例 4】 （2020·黑龙江哈尔滨三中期末）The warriors were determined to defend their homeland, _______ difficult it was. A．no matter which B．no matter C．no matter what D．no matter how 【答案】D 【解析】考查让步状语从句。句意：战士们决定不管多困难也要保卫祖国。通过分析句子结构并翻译语境 可知，后句作前句的让步状语，固定搭配 no matter 意为“无论... ”，且从句中表语是 difficult 为形容词，使用 how 对程度进行提问，因此使用 no matter how 引导让步状语从句。故选 D 项。 【变式】 1.完成句子 1．They_____________________ ever since their childhood.（live） 他们从小就住在这儿。 2．She ________________________ever since she left home.(see) 从她离开家她就没见过她父母。 3．He went to Europe in 1990 and________________________ China ever since.(return) 他 1990 年去了欧洲， 此后再也没有回中国。 【答案】 1．have been living here 2．Hasn’t seen her parents 3．Has never returned to 【解析】 1．考查现在完成时。分析句子结构可知，空处填时态，且根据语境可知，ever since 意为“自从……以来”， 主句的时态要用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，再结合句意可知，“他们从小就住在这”，表示“住”这个动作 从“小时候”开始一直持续到现在仍在进行，故此处要用现在完成进行时，故填 have been living here。 2．考查现在完成时。分析句子结构可知，空处填时态，且根据语境可知，ever since 意为“自从……以来”， 主句的时态要用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，再结合句意可知，此处用现在完成时，又因主语是 she，故 填 hasn’t seen her parents。 3．考查现在完成时。分析句子结构可知，空处填时态，且根据语境可知，ever since 意为“自从……以来”， 主句的时态要用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，再结合句意可知，此处用现在完成时，又因主语是 he，故 填 has never returned to。 2.单项填空 (1) ______ well prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing. A．However B．Whatever C．No matter D．Although 【答案】A 【解析】考查 “however＋adj.＋主＋系动词”引导让步状语从句。 (2) The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit ______ the season. A．whatever B．wherever C．whenever D．however 【答案】A 【解析】whatever 引导让步状语从句，意为“不管什么”。该句后半部分的完整形式应该是 whatever the season is。 考点 5 名词性从句 【典例 4】 1.（2020·天津高三一模）It is obvious to the students ______ they should get well prepared for their future. A．as B．which C．whether D．that 【答案】D 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：对学生们来说很明显，他们应该为将来做好充分的准备。本题中的 it 是 形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 they should get well prepared for their future 句子成分齐全，所以使用只起连 接作用、无实意的 that 引导。故 D 正确。 2.（2020·江苏省高三一模）If you are passionate about something, pursue it no matter what anyone else thinks. That’s ______ dreams are achieved. A．what B．where C．why D．how 【答案】D 【解析】考查表语从句。句意：如果你对某件事充满热情，那么不管其他人怎么想，你都应坚持下去。那 是使梦想成为现实的做法。A. what 什么；B. where 哪里；C. why 为什么；D. how 如何，怎样。空格后的从 句缺少状语，应使用连接副词。第一句话是使梦想成真的做法，即“怎样”做才能实现梦想。故选 D。 【变式】 1.（2020·天津一中高三月考）A recent study, while showing a generally positive attitude toward the new industry, also suggests a widespread concern _________ it may be “running out of control”. A．that B．when C．while D．if 【答案】A 【解析】考查同位语从句连接词。句意：最近的一项研究，虽然显示出对新兴产业普遍持积极态度，但也 表明人们普遍担心新兴产业可能“失控”。A. that 引导名词性从句，只起连接作用，无实意；B. when 当…… 时候；C. while 然而，当……时候；D. if 假如。分析句子可知，a widespread concern 后面接了一个同位语从 句，从句意义完整，不缺成分，应用 that 引导同位语从句，that 在从句中不充当任何成分，无任何意义，一 般不省略。故选 A 项。 2. （2020·江苏省高三一模）More attention on digital books reflects a rising trend in the industry towards ______ many are calling "digital first" A．which B．that C．what D．where 【答案】C 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：对电子书的更多关注反映出该行业正朝着许多人所说的“数字优先”的方向发 展。此处介词 towards 后面是宾语从句，连接词既引导宾语从句又要做宾语从句谓语动词的宾语。故选 C。 3. 【南京市 盐城市 2019 届高三年级第一次模拟】Never turn down a job because you think it’s too small. You don’t know _____ it can lead. A. how B. where C whether D. what 【答案】B 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意为：不要因为觉得工作太小就拒绝它，你不知道它能引向何方。know 后面 接了宾语从句，lead 是不及物动词，后面不缺成分，故用副词引导从句，根据句意选 B。 4. （2020·天津市第一百中学高三月考）Was it in this room _____ he made the decision _____ he would break away from his family? A．that ; which B．where ; which C．that ; that D．where ; that 【答案】C 【解析】考查强调句式和同位语从句。句意：就是在这个房间里，他做出了与家人分离的决定吗?第一空是 强调句式：It is (was)+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+who (that)......。强调地点状语 in this room，填 that； 名词 decision“决定”后面是同位语从句，句意和句子结构完整。所以由 that 引导。故选 C。 5. （2020·江苏省高三开学考试）________''eat more if you're losing weight'' really means is that if you eat 5 to 6 small, healthy meals throughout the day, you will lose weight over time. A．Which B．That C．What D．Whether 【答案】C 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：“如果你正在减肥就要多吃”这句话的真正意思是如果你一天吃 5-6 次量少而 健康的餐，随着时间的推移，你的体重会下降。A. Which 哪一个；B. That(无意义)；C. What 什么/指代事物； D. Whether 是否。分析句子可知，此处是主语从句连接词，从句“eat more if you’re losing weight” really means 缺少宾语，应用连接代词，又此处指代事物，故用 what 引导，故选 C 项。 考点 6 话题写作——旅游与交通 【典例 6】 （2020·黑龙江大庆实验中学高三月考）假如你是李华，暑假期间准备和父母一起去云南旅游，你想选择自 助游，而你父母想随团出行。得知你的英国笔友 Michael 去年到过云南，请你根据以下内容给他写一封邮件： 1. 描述分歧和各自的理由； 2. 询问他的建议。 注意：1. 词数 100 左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：自助游：independent travel 随团游 package tour Dear Michael, How is everything going? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Michael, How is everything going? I’m writing to ask for your advice about our travel arrangements. With the summer holiday drawing near, my family is planning to travel to Yunnan. However, we have a disagreement about the way to travel. On the one hand, I’m in favor of independent travel because it’s convenient to book train tickets and accommodations on the smart phone. On the other hand, my parents insist that package tour is easier and safer. I have no idea which is better. Hearing that you visited Yunnan last year, I do believe you can offer me some suggestions. I hope to hear from you soon. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】这是一篇提纲类写作。 第 1 步：根据提示可知，假如你是李华，暑假期间准备和父母一起去云南旅游，你想选择自助游，而你父 母想随团出行。得知你的英国笔友 Michael 去年到过云南，请你根据以下内容给他写一封邮件：1. 描述分 歧和各自的理由；2. 询问他的建议。 第 2 步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：ask for (请求)；arrangements (安排)；plan to do sth.(计划做某 事)；have a disagreement about(就……有分歧)等。 第 3 步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般现在 时。 第 4 步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美 观的卷面是非常重要的。 【点睛】 范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如 On the one hand, I’m in favor of independent travel because it’s convenient to book train tickets and accommodations on the smart phone.运用原因状语从句；Hearing that you visited Yunnan last year, I do believe you can offer me some suggestions.非谓语动词的运用。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外文章思 路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。 【变式】 1．读后续写（2020·山东济宁一中高三月考）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之 构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为 150 左右。 My name is John and I must share with you an event which took place on Flight 1553 out of DCA．My wife and I were traveling to Miami to celebrate an achievement for her and as you can imagine, we were looking forward to fun, sun and laughter. We boarded the aircraft, without a care in the world. It was cold in Washington and we were ready for Florida. Shortly after taking my seat, I began to feel sick. I knew something wasn’t right but just couldn't find out what was happening.Being a doctor and a stubborn man, I resisted efforts by my wife to call for assistance. As the aircraft began its departure roll, I lost consciousness for a short amount of time. As I came around, I quickly realized a few things. Firstly, something very bad had happened to me. Secondly, the aircraft was too heavy with the fuel to go back home. Thirdly, my loss of consciousness had been so deep that I found myself out of control. So not only did I have a medical issue to deal with, but I also had to figure out how to deal with an embarrassing experience. My wife gathered the crew as soon as it was safe to move about and I made my way to the washroom to attempt to clean up. I did my best and the flight crew members were so supportive, checking on me often and reassuring me that there was nothing to be embarrassed about. It was their sympathy and support that helped me so much. During the flight they kept watching over me and I suddenly had a small group of nurses, bringing blankets, food, drinks and caring and smile. I was thankful to them. Paragraph 1： Upon landing, I remained in my seat, allowing other people to go first. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2： Hearing that, the captain left and returned a couple minutes later with a pair of his own blue jeans. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Paragraph 1： Upon landing, I remained in my seat, allowing other people to go first. As I was in my seat, I looked up and see the captain standing with a warm smile. “What can I do for you?” the captain asked. I told him I was OK. I was very embarrassed and concerned because of the previous things. He said, “What sizes of pants do you wear?” His voice was full of care. I was puzzled and replied, “34*34. Why do you ask this?” Paragraph 2： Hearing that, the captain left and returned a couple minutes later with a pair of his own blue jeans. The man opened his own luggage and gave a complete stranger his pants. I didn’t know what to say. Then I looked at my wife, who smiled and, without saying a word, let me know it was OK. I made my way to the exit and he said, “Change on the aircraft. It is fine.” Because of the experience, I was thankful to him for his kindness. I made up my mind to treat others with kindness. Paragraph 1： Upon landing, I remained in my seat, allowing other people to go first.Tired and weak, I collapsed to the back seat,closing my eyes. Shortly afterwards, all the people left the plane, apart from my wife and I. Sensing my conformable situation, the captain made his way to me, holding a cup of water. "Thank you.”I murmured. Much to my surprise, upon hearing this, his face lit up. A slow smile worked its way across his face and into his eyes. "Anything needed?” he asked in a gentle voice, warmly and kindly. Looking at my dirty trousers, I threw a grateful smile to him, “Maybe a pair of jeans?" Paragraph 2： Hearing that, the captain left and returned a couple minutes later with a pair of his own blue jeans. The instant I saw the jeans, blood rushed to my head immediately. Deeply touched by his kind action, I felt grateful. My tears welled up in my eyes uncontrollably.."Thank you, thank you…" I couldn't' help extending my gratitude to him. Seeing that I became energetic again, he touched my shoulder, eyes glittering with excitement. After he left it dawned on me that he even didn’t give me his name! Never had I anticipated that kindness could inject such great power into others, and in return, I was determined to pass on the love! 【解析】这是一篇读后续写作文。 通过阅读所给文章可知，文章主要讲述了一个发生在 1553 航班上的事件。作者刚上飞机时感到恶心，身体 不适，但是拒绝让妻子给自己寻求帮助。当飞机开始起飞时，作者有一小段时间失去了知觉。作者意识到 问题的严重性，一到安全的地方，妻子就召集了所有的乘务人员，他们为作者做了检查提供了许多帮助。 续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：飞机一着陆，我就留在座位上，让别人先走。所以后文应该是讲述飞 机着陆后，作者和机长的对话，机长问作者穿几号的裤子，作者很困惑地回答了他。第二段开头是：听到 这个消息，船长离开了，几分钟后带着他自己的蓝色牛仔裤回来了。本段应该写机长将自己的裤子给了作 者，因为这次经历，作者感激他的好意，下定决心要善待他人。 最后还要注意所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右。按要求完成写作任务。 【点睛】 本文描写详略得当，使用了高级词汇和高级句子。如：because of, be full of care, make up one’s mind 等高级 词汇；非谓语动词的运用 As I was in my seat, I looked up and see the captain standing with a warm smile.；非限 定性定语从句 Then I looked at my wife, who smiled and, without saying a word, let me know it was OK.等高级 句式。 2.（2019·北京高考模拟）假设你是红星中学高三的学生李华。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，介绍上个月 你参加学校组织的“绿色出行，从我做起”活动的完整过程，并以“Green Travel in My Family”为题，给校刊“英 语角”写一篇英文稿件。词数不少于 60。 Green Travel in My Family _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Green Travel in My Family Last month, our school organized an activity named “Green Travel, Start with Me”, which has played an educative role. Seeing the proposal on the bulletin board, my classmates and I were deeply interested and had a heated discussion. Everyone expressed their willingness to participate. After getting home, I talked to my parents about my ideas. They were very supportive, saying they wouldn’t drive to work from the next day. In the following weeks, as we promised, I went to school by bike every day, while my parents went to work by bus. Tired as we were, we all felt happy. Last Friday, a class meeting was held as scheduled. Some parents were invited, including my father and mother. We shared our experiences and thoughts during the activity. All of us held the same view that environmental protection is so important for our life. Through the activity, we find it our duty to protect the environment. I hope more and more people will join us in green travel. 【解析】本文是一篇看图作文，要求考生把自己当成李华，介绍上个月你参加学校组织的“绿色出行，从我 做起”活动的完整过程，并以“Green Travel in My Family”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件。本文只给 出四幅图，需要考生根据图画内容组织要点并合理表达，总体难度较大。 第 1 步：审题。根据文字提示可知本文是一篇看图作文，要求考生以“Green Travel in My Family”为题，给校 刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件，介绍上个月你参加学校组织的“绿色出行，从我做起”活动的完整过程。全文以 一般过去时和第一人称为主。 第 2 步：组织要点。（1）看到倡议书，同学们都很感兴趣，并进行了热烈的讨论；（2）回家以后和父母 谈论我的想法，他们都很支持我；（3）从那以后我骑自行车上学，我的父母亲乘坐公共交通工具上下班。 （4）我们召开了班会并邀请一些父母亲参加。 第 3 步：根据提示及关键词组进行遣词造句，关键词为 have a heated discussion、talked to my parents、go to school by bike、go to work by bus、hold a class meeting 等。写作时需要注意时态和人称的变化。 第 4 步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美 观的卷面是非常重要的。 【点睛】 本篇范文结构完美，条理清晰。范文时态和人称运用准确，涵盖了图画的所有要点，且有适当的个人发挥。 考生运用了多样式的句型结构，整篇文章富有变化并不死板。使用了较多的高级词汇和短语结构，如 played an educative role、participate、schedule、environmental protection 等；尽量运用了丰富的句式，如定语从句 which has played an educative role；分词做状语 Seeing the proposal on the bulletin board, my classmates and I were deeply interested and had a heated discussion.形式倒装句 Tired as we were, we all felt happy.同时文章还运 用了一些串联成分，这些串联词让各个要点更紧密地结合在一起。以上写作技巧的运用提升了文章的层次， 显示了考生具有很强的驾驭语言的能力。