高考英语语法精讲精练-代词和数词

高考英语语法精讲精练-代词和数词

2012 届新课标高三第二轮专题讲解 代词是高考考查的重点语法项目之一，也是考生容易出错的项目，因为代词具有较大灵 活性。考生在做代词选择填空时最容易犯的错误是 1）机械地套用语法规则；2）用汉语思 维去分析题意。从高考考查情况看，高考考查最多的是不定代词，因为不定代词是整个代词 中最为活跃的部分，其次是名词性物主代词和反身代词。 单数 复数 第一 人称 第二 人称 第三 人称 第一 人称 第二 人称 第三 人称 人称代词 主格 I you he she it we you they 宾格 me you him her it us You them 物主代词 形容 词性 my your his her its our your their 名词性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 反身代词 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves 指示代词 this that such these those such 相 互 代 词 宾格 each other one another 所有格 each other’s one another’s 不 定 代 词 可数 one each, many, (a) few ,both, another, either., neither 不可数 much, (a) little 可数不可数 any other all some 复合 不定代词 anyone anybody anything somebody something someone everyone everything everybody nobody nothing 疑问代词 who whom whose which what 连接代词 who whom whose which what（参见第九讲） 关系代词 who whom whose which that（参见第十一讲） 1.人称代词 ①在句中作主语用主格，在句中作宾语,则用宾格； She teaches them physics. ②在句中作表语常用宾格； Who is it? It’s me. 但有时要用主格：It was I who told him the whole story. 在强调句型中,强调的是主语,故 I 用主格。 ③两个或两个以上的人称代词并列时，其顺序是： 单数按 2，3，1 人称排列，复数按 1，2，3 人称顺序排列。 you, she and I ; we, you and they 2.物主代词 ①形容词性物主代词只能作宾语 We love our motherland. ②名词性物主代词可用作主语,表语和宾语 Your coat is black while mine is red. 3.反身代词 ①用作宾语、表语，或主语、宾语的同位语 He teaches himself Japanese every evening.（宾语） She is not quite herself today.她今天身体不太舒服。（表语） I myself can repair the bike.（主语的同位语） ②常用含有反身代词的惯用语归纳 by oneself= alone 独自 for oneself 独立、为自己 be oneself 处于正常状态,显得自然 enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 seat oneself 坐下 dress oneself in 给自己穿 devote oneself to 专心于、献身于 help oneself to 自行取用、不用客 气 come to oneself 苏醒 make oneself at home 不要客气 4.指示代词 ①this 和 that 是近指, that 和 those 是远指 I don’t want this book. I want that one. ②有时为了避免重复，常用 that/ those 来代表前面出现过的名词 At this time of year，the weather here is much colder than that in Nanjing. ③this 和 that 都可代表前面提到过的事情,若出现两个名词,指代前面的用 that 指代较后面 的用 this；但若指下文将要叙述事情,则只能用 this，不能用 that。此外，还可用于代替 上文中出现过个单数或不可数名词，且后面带有 of 短语修饰。 Health is above wealth; this cannot give so much happiness as that. 健康胜于财富;财富不会像健康那样带来那么多幸福(句中 this=wealth; that=health) They cant afford it. That/this is their problem. What I want you to remember is this :English is of great use.(此句中 this 不能用 that 替换) The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Suzhou. ④such 的用法 such 一般在句中作定语和主语.用作定语时,它所修饰的名词前的不定冠词应放在之后。 Such is my answer. Such are the results of the exams. I have never seen such beautiful flowers. 用作定语时,它所修饰的名词前的不定冠词应放在 such 之后 such a good book。 5.相互代词 ①在句中可作宾语 They help each other and learn from each other. ②加’s 后成为所有格,作定语 They asked about one another’s life and work. 6.不定代词 不定代词种类较多,在使用时应注意其用法与区别。为了便于记忆我们择其重点以表格的 形式列出。 不定代词 区 别 例 句 one, some， any 和 it one 可以泛指人或者事（东 西），其复数为 ones。 ①We’ve been looking at the houses but haven’t found ___ we like yet. A.one B.ones C.it D.them ②Cars do cause us some health problems — in fact far more serious _______ than mobile phones do. A.one B.ones C.it D.those some 可用于疑问句中，表 示盼望得到肯定的答复，或 者表示建议，请求等。 —Your coffee smells great! —It’s from Mexico. Would you like ________? A.it B.some C.this D.1ittle some 和 any 修饰可数名词 单数时，some 表示某个， any 表示任何一个。 ①I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any. ②—Which of the three ways shall I take to the village? —________way as you please. A.Each B.Every C.Any D.Either one 指同类中的一个，it 指 代同一种类的东西。记住下 列三点区别： ①it =the /this/ my…+单数 名词 one =a/an+单数名词 ②it 代替特定的单数名词 one 代替不特定的单数名 词 ③one 之前加上定冠词 the 可以表示特指，one 前如有 形容词修饰,之前还可以加 上不定冠词,但是 it 之前既 不能加冠词也不能加形容 词修饰。 此外 it 还可以作形式主语、 形式宾语和用于强调句型 中。 ①—There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ? —No, I’d rather buy in the bookstore. A.it;one B.one;one C.one;it D.it;it ②This film is an interesting one. ③Of all the dresses, this is the one I like best. some 多用于肯定句，any 多 用于疑问句和否定句。 ①There’s ________cooking oil in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get ________. A.1ittle,some B.1ittle,any C.a little,some D.a little,any ②We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for ________. A.none B.either C.any D.each ③He doesn’t have _________ furniture in his room --just an old desk. A. any B. many C. some D. much each 和 every each 强调个别，代表的数可 以是两个或两个以上，而 every 强调整体，所指的数 必须是三个或三个以上。 ①Each student has a pocket dictionary. Each (of us) has a dictionary.= We each have a dictionary. ②Every student has strong and weak points. Every one of us has strong and weak points. all 和 both both 指两个人或物,而 all 指 三个以上的人或物. 在句中 都可作主语，宾语,表语,同 位语和定语 ①— Which of the two books will you take? — I’ll take ____and I think ____of them is very important to me. A. either; neither B. neither; both C. both; either D. either; both ②—Which of those electronic dictionaries do you like most? —____.They are both cheap and of great importance. A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All 注意：both, all, each, every 以及由 every 构成的不定代词出现在否定句中，不管否定词在前 还是在后，都是部分否定：All of them don’t like music=Not all of them like music.他们 并不都喜欢音乐。 要表示完全否定，需要借助 neither，none ，no one ，nothing，nobody 等。 Neither of them doesn’t like music.他们俩都不喜欢音乐。 None of them don’t like the music.他们都不喜欢音乐。 none 和 no no 等于 not any，作定语。 none 作主语或宾语，代替不 可数名词，谓语用单数，代 替可数名词，谓语单复数皆 可。 ①There is no water in the bottle. ②How much water is there in the bottle? None. ③None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties. other 和 another other 泛指“另外的，别的” 常与 其 他 词 连 用 ，④the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way, the other 特指两者中的另外 一个，复数为 the others。 ①Both sides have accused of breaking the contract. A. another B. the other C. neither D. each ②Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam. another 指“又一个，另一 个”， 复数形式是 others，泛指 “别的 人或事”。 ①We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun， so let’s have ______ one this month. A. the other B. some C. another D. other ②The trousers are too long, please give me another pair /some others. ③Some like football, while others like basketball. either 和 neither 前者意思为：两者中任何一 方都； 后者意思为：两者都不。 ①—Do you want tea or coffee? —______,I really don't mind. A. none B. neither C. either D. all ②It was hard for him to learn English in a family,in which _____ of the parents spoke the language. A. none B. neither C. both D. each few 和 little; a few 和 a little few 和 little 表示没有多少, 含否 定意义,而 a few 和 a little 表示一 些,有几个,含肯定意义.另 外, few 与a few修饰可数名词, little 与 a little 修饰不可数名词。 此外 quite a few , quite a little 意 思是“不少,相当多的”。 ①The old man knows a little English. ②Few of them can speak Russian. 7.it 的用法 ①用作人称代词,代替前文提到的事情。 This bike is not mine. It’s Peter’s. ②用以代替提示代词 this, that —What is this? —It’s a pen. —Whose book is that? —It’s Mike’s. ③起指示代词的作用,指一个人或事物 —Who is knocking at the door? —It’s me. —Who is making such a noise. —It must be the children. ④指环境情况等。 It was very quiet at the moment. ⑤指时间，季节，天气，气候等 —What time is it? —It is eight o’clock. It often rains in summer. ⑥指距离 It is five kilometers from the office to my home. It is a long way to the factory. ⑦作形式主语和形式宾语 当动词不定式,动名词或从句作主语时,通常把它们放在谓语之后,而用 it 作句子的形式 主语 It is not easy to finish the work in two days. It is not a good habit to stay up late. It is no use crying over split milk. It is a pity that you didn’t read the book.. 当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式,动名词,宾语从句时,往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面,而 用 it 作形式宾语,放在宾语补足语之前 I think it no use arguing with him. I found it very interesting to study English. He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject. 注意：see to it that…（务必）和 take it for granted that…（想当然）句型中的 it，以及词 组 make it（做事成功，搞定）中的 it。 ⑧用于强调结构（详见第十二讲） 要强调句子的某一部分(通常是主语,状语,宾语), 可以把 it 当作先行词.这种句子的 结构是 “It is(was)+被强调部分+that (who )+句子的其余部分” .如果强调的部分是人, 可用 who whom 代替 that I met an old friend in the park yesterday. 此句各部分被强调后句型如下： It was I who /that met an old friend in the park yesterday. It was an old friend who/ that/whom I met in the park yesterday. It was in the park that I met an old friend yesterday. It was yesterday that I met an old friend in the park. ①Our neighbors gave_ __a baby bird yesterday that hurt_ __when it fell from its nest. A. us, it B. us, itself C. ourselves, itself D. ourselves, it ②To save class time, our teacher has ________ students do half of the exercise in class and complete the other half for homework. A. us B. we C. our D. ours 【解析】答案为 A。us students 是同位结构。us 是宾语，students 为 us 的同谓语，又如： tell us all。 Some of the stamps belong to me, while the rest are _____. A. him and her B. his and hers C. his and her D. him and hers 【解析】答案为 B。在句中作表语，指“他的邮票和她的邮票”用 his and her (=his stamps and her stamps)。 ①—Who called me this morning when I was out? —A man calling ______ Robert. A. him B. himself C. his D.不填 【解析】答案为 B。 因为“call sb./oneself+某名”就是“叫某人/自称某名字”；句意是 “一个自称罗 伯特的人”，用 himself。 ②Isn’t it amazing how the human body heals ____ after an injury? A. himself B. him C. itself D. it 【解析】答案为 C。itself 指代前面的 the human body。 ①—He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller. —When was _____? —_____ was in 2000 when he was still in college. A. that; This B. this; It C. it; This D. that; It 【解析】答案为 D。that 可以指代过去的情况,下句是强调句型的省略形式=it was in 2000 when he was still in college he got his first book published. ②—Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street? —Victoria Street? ______ is where the Grand Theatre is. A. Such B. There C. That D. This 【解析】答案为 C。that 代替上下文提到的地方。 ③The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from ____ spoken in England. A. which B. what C. that D. the one 【解析】答案为 C。that 用来指代前面的名词 The English,以避免重复。题意是“美国英语 现和英国英语只有很微小的差别了。”在英语中，that 还常可以用来指代人口、 天气、金钱等。如： The weather here is hotter than that in the north of the country. ④Little joy can equal ________ of a surprising ending when you read stories. A. that B. those C. any D. some 【解析】答案为 A。因为替代前面的不可数名词（little）joy，所以用 that,而不是 those。 此外指示代词“this 和 that”还可以用作副词修饰形容词，相当于“so”。 ⑤Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasn’t always ______ much to do. A. such B. that C. more D. very 【解析】答案为 B。much 前用 so, 不用 such。口语中，常用 that 来代替 so。 ①If you can’t decide which of the two books to borrow, why don’t you take ______? I won’t read them this week. A. all B. any C. either D. both 【解析】答案为 D。由前后语境来看，应是建议对方将两本书都拿去看。 ②You may drop in or just give me a call. ______ will do. A. Either B. Each C. Neither D. All 【解析】答案为 A。由前句可知是指两者中的“任何一个”，用 either。 ③Of all the books on the desk, ______ is of any use for our study. A. nothing B. no one C. neither D. none ④It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which ____ of the parents spoke the language. A. none B. neither C. both D. each 【解析】答案为 B。neither 表示“两者都不”，句意：在父母都不懂 英语的家庭里学 习英语，对于他 来讲是很困难的。 ⑤The mayor has offered a reward of $ 5000 to ______ who can capture the tiger alive or dead. A. both B. others C. anyone D. another 【解析】答案为 C。根据句意“谁能捕获那只老虎，无论死活，市长将给赏金 5000 美元” 应选 C 项。其它三个选项均与题意不符。 ①There’s _____ cooking oil left in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get _____? A. little; some B. little; any C. a little; some D. a little; any 【解析】答案为 A。因为在 Would you…? 等表示请求、劝请或建议之类的问句中，一般 用 some；又由 后文“买些油”可知，家里“没有油”了，所以用 little。句意：家里没有油了， 请你到附近 的店子里买些回来好吗？ ②―Would you like _____, sir? ―No, thanks. I have had much. A. some more oranges B. any more oranges C. some more orange D. any more orange 【解析】答案为 A。由答语中的 much 可知，对话中的 orange 是指“桔子汁”而非“桔子”， 是不可数名 词，没有复数形式，排除选项 A 和 B；在劝请的疑问名中用 some 不用 any，排 除选项 D。 ①I’m moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than _____ in the city. A. ones B. one C. that D. those 【解析】答案为 C。选项中只有 that 能替代不可数名词 the air。one 替代“a＋单数可数 名词”，表示泛指。特指的 the one 相当于 that；the one 复数形式 the ones，在口 语中也常用 those 代替；当后面有 of 短语时，一般用 that 或 those，当有前置修饰 语时，只能用 one(s)，如 the red one。one(s), the one(s), those, that 都是替代“同 类”事物，其中只有 that 可替代不可数名词。 ②We’ve been looking at houses but haven’t found _____we like yet. A. one B. ones C. it D. them 【解析】答案为 A。one =a house, 指我们喜欢的那一类房子。 ③Cars do cause us some health problems —in fact far more serious _____ than mobile phones do. A. one B. ones C. it D. those 【解析】答案为 B。 替代泛指的名词复数 problems，用 ones。those 是替代特的“the +复 数名词”的。 ④My most famous relative of all, __________ who really left his mark on America, was Rob Sussel, my great-grandfather. A. one B. the one C. he D. someone 【解析】答案为 B。由语境可判断是特指，且作 My most famous relative of all 的同位语， 用 the one。 ⑤—There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ? —No, I’d rather buy in the bookstore. A. it; one B. one; one C. one; it D. it; it 【解析】答案为 A。it 指代前面的 a copy of the book,后面的意思是：我要到书店去买一本 （不是特指哪一本）。 ①I think he’s just going to deal with this problem ______ day. A. next B. other C. following D. another 【解析】答案为 D。表 示“改天”用 another day。但表示相对于过去或将来某天来说的“第 二天”时， 用 the next day 或 the following day 都可以。 ②No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of _____. A. others B. the other C. either D. another 【解析】答案为 B。由 neither 可知，谈话双方都不同意对方的条件，这个“对方”是特指 的另一方，所以用 the other。 ③The manager believes prices will not rise by more than _____ four percent. A. any other B. the other C. another D. other 【解析】答案为 C。题干上的意思应该是“价格不会再增长超过 4%”。any other “其他另 外的”。the other“两者中第二者”。another“另外，又”，放在数词前面。other 表示“另外”， 和 more 一 样，要放在数字的后面。 ①—One week’s time has been wasted. —I can’t believe we did all that work for _____. A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything 【解析】答案为 B。因为 for nothing 是习语，意为“徒劳、没有好结果”、“免费”，句意是： 我简直不敢相信我们所做的一切都是徒劳的。 ②She doesn’t know anyone here. She has got ______to talk to. A. anyone B. someone C. everyone D. no one 【解析】答案为 D。因为“在这里，她谁都不认识”，所以“她没有人可以交谈”。no one = nobody = not…any one 没有一个人。 ③I made so many changes in my composition that only I could read it. To _____ else, it was hard to make out. A. none B. everyone C. someone D. anyone 【解析】答案为 D。意为除了我以外，“其他任何人(anyone else)”都很难懂。 ④—I’d like some more cheese. —Sorry, there’s ______ left. A. some B. none C. a little D. few 【解析】答案为 B。none 既可以修饰可数名词，表示“一个也不， 一个也没有”；也可以修 饰不可数名词，表示“一点也不，一点也没有”。在本题中指代不可数名词 cheese。本题的意思是：—我想再来点奶酪。—抱歉，一点都没有了。A 项 some 表示“一些”，C 项 a little 表示“有一点”，修饰不可数名词 D 项 few 表 示“几乎没有”，修饰可数名词。 ①If I can help_______, I don't like working late into the night. A. so B. that C. it D. them 【解析】答案为 C。if I can help it 意为“如果我有办法”，表示有办法做某事，或有办法控 制某个局面。所提供的情景 I don’t like working late into the night 说明如 果有办法，不喜欢工作到深夜。so 意为“这样”，常用于省略句中，代替 上文中的动作。that 用于代替上文的内容。 ②I’d appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. A. that B. it C. this D. you 【解析】答案为 B。it 指代用来泛泛地指某事，可用于如 I like/hate it, I appreciate it 等类 似的句子。表示喜欢/憎恨和赞赏某事。 数词分为两种：基数词（表示数目）和序数词（表示顺序）。 功 能 例 句 主语 Two of them are teachers. 定语 There are fifty students in our class. 宾语 Give me two. 表语 I'm eighteen now. 同位语 You may leave it to us two. 状语 This room is one-sixth larger than that one. 数词不是高考的常考点。但是除了了解数词常见的表达方式外，还有下列重点内容需要 注意。 1.dozen 和 score 的复数形式应注意以下几点： ①dozen 表示：一打，十二个，score 表示：二十； ②当 dozen 与数词，或 many，several 等连用时，不加“s”，所修饰的名词前常省去“of”； score 则不然。 two dozen pencils 两打铅笔 two score of pencils 四十支铅笔 dozens of people=scores of people 许多人 ③当后面的名词前有"these"，“those"，“them"，" us"等词时, dozen 后应加"of "。 a dozen of these people two dozen of them three score and ten people 中不加 of(七十人) 2.分数和百分数的表达 ①分数由基数词和序数词合成，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于 1 时，分母的 序数词要用复数 形式 1/3：one(a)third 2/3：two thirds three-sevenths： 七分之三 特殊的表达 1/2：one(a)half 1/4：one(a)quarter／one(a)fourth 3/4：three quarters 分子与分母之间加 in 或 out of,分子在前，分母在后，分子分母都用基数词 one in ten：十分之一 five in eight：八分之五 one out of ten：十分之一 five out of eight：八分之五 ②百分数的表示法 表示百分数直接将数词放在单词 percent 前面即可：twenty percent=20%百分之二十。 注意：分数和百分数后面不能直接接名词或代词，而用以下形式： 分数/百分数＋of +冠词/限定词+名词/代词，其谓语动词与 of 后的名词在人称和数 上保持一致 Two-thirds of the money was spent on food. About seventy percent of the earth surface is covered by water. 3.序号的表示法 ①单纯的序号，可在基数词前加 number,简写为 No.。 No.1 一号 ②事物名词的序号表达法有什所不同： 对于一些小序号可有序数词也可用基数词表达，形式分别为：the +序数词 + 名词；名 词 + 基数词 第一次世界大战可以表示为 the First World War 或 World War I。 对于一些大序号我们通常只用一种表达法，即名词 + 数词 501 号房间表示为 Room 501 538 路公共汽车表示为 Bus 538 可用 a/the + number + 基数词 + 名词 a No.5 bus 一辆五路公共汽车 the No.8 bus 那辆 8 路公共汽车 4.大约数的表示法 ①用 ten, dozen, score, hundred, thousand, million 等数词的复数后加 of 短语来表示几十、 几百、上千、成千上万等大约数概念 The little boy buys dozens of pencils every term.数打铅笔 Thousands of people died in the earthquake.数千人 Every year tens of thousands of people go to work in Guangdong Province. ②用 less than、under、below、almost、nearly、up to 等来表示小于或接近某数目 He is good at English, so he can finish the paper in less than two hours.不到两个小时 ③用 more than, over, above, beyond, or more 等来表示超过或多于某个数目 Peking University has a history of more than 100 years.北大有 100 多年的历史 ④用 or, or so, about, around, some, more or less 等表示在某一数目左右 About 50 people were present at that time. ⑤用 to, from … to…, between … and 表示介于两数词 His salary rises from 20 dollars a week to 35 dollars a week.从每周 20 美元涨到每周 35 美 元 注意：dozen, score, hundred, thousand, million 作数词表示确切数量时，不用复数。如： three score, five dozen, seven million 等。 5.年龄的表达法 用基数词表示年龄。如：The baby is one year old. 表示“在某人的几十岁”时，可用介词 in+ one’s+整十位数的复数形式： She is still in her twenties. 她才二十几岁。 但表示十多岁时用：in one’s teens 表示“一个九岁的男孩”，可以有多种表达法 a boy of nine，a boy of nine years old，a boy of nine years of age，a nine-year-old boy 注意：与基数词合成的定语，其中的名词用单数：a three-month-old baby，a five-year plan。 She went to the bookstore and bought . A. dozen books B. dozens books C. dozen of books D. dozens of books 【解析】答案为 D。 dozen 意为“一打,十二个”,与数词连用时要用单数形式。与 of 连 用时要用复数形式。dozens of 意为“若干, 许许多多”。dozen 与数词或 many， several 连用时其后不加 s；dozen 前有基数词表示确切数字时，其后一般不与 of 连用。 ①It is reported that the floods have left about people homeless. A. two thousand B. two-thousands C. two thousands D. two thousands of 【解析】答案为 A。“thousand”等指具体数字时，不用复数形式；指大约数字时， 常 用复数形式。 如：two thousand，thousands of。 ②________people in the world are sending information by E-mail every day. A. Several million B. Many millions C. Several millions D. Many million 【解析】答案为 A。 “million”表示确切数量时其前往往需用表确切的“数”，而不用 many 这类词，但可说 many millions of（上百万的），也可以说“several million（几 百万）”。 ______of the land in that district______ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are 【解析】答案为 C。 分数的分子用基数词，分母用序数词。如果分子大于“1”，分母就用 序数词的复数形式。land 为不可数名词，其“2/5”也为不可数，应用 is。 2009 年 1.(北京卷)Being a parent is not always easy, and being the parent of a child with special needs often carries with______ extra stress. A. it B. them C. one D. him 【答案】A 【解析】该句话的意思是：作为一个父母并非总是一件容易的事，但是作为一个有特殊 需求的父母来说就需要有更多的额外的压力。it 特指 being the parent of a child with special needs 这件事。 2.(江苏卷)Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with _____ of their parents. A. those B. one C. both D. that 【答案】D 【解析】十分之九的家长都认为自己教育子女的方式与他们父母教育自己的方式有很大 区别。 此处用 that 代替教育方式一词。上文提到 approach 为单数，故 A 错；one 是不 定指的代词， 如果要指代前文出现过的事物，要在其前面加定冠词 the，故 B 错。C 项是指的 两个人，明显不对。 3.(辽宁卷) is the power of TV that it can make a person suddenly famous. A. Such B. This C. That D. So 【答案】A 【解析】such 置于句首句子要倒装，防止误选 D;此处不是 such…hat; so…that 句型；such 代替的是” that it can make a person suddenly famous. ”,选 A. 4.(全国 I)One of the most important questions they had to consider was of public health. A. what B. this C. that D. which 【答案】C 【解析】句意：他们必须考虑其中最重要的问题是公共卫生。考查 that 作代词，that 作 代词，往往用于特指，相当于“that＋名词”，它也只能代替事情不能代替人。 5.(全国 II) Charles was alone at home, with _____ looking after him. A. someone B. anyone C. not one D. no one 【答案】D 【解析】根据上句意思可知，Carles was alone, 孤单的，所以是没有人照顾他。此处应该 是 no one。 6.(全国 II) The CDs are on sale！Buy one and you get ______ completely free. A. other B. others C. one D. ones 【答案】C 【解析】句子意思是这些 CD 在促销。买一个就可以免费得到另外一个。所以用 one 表 示一个。而其它的选项，other 是形容词，词性不合适。others 名词，其它的。 此处意思不合适。 ones 指代复数，其它的，用在这里意思不合适。 7.(山东卷) I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I couldn’t face ________ day like that. A. other B. another C. the other D. others 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查与 other 相关的单词的区别，由题意知：我昨天一整天感到很糟糕， 以至于我今天早晨决定我不会面对那样的一天。是指在未来的日子中的一天， 故用 another. 8.(陕西卷) Jane was asked a lot of questions ,but she didn’t answer of them . A other B any C none D some 【答案】B 【解析】所填词与 not 构成全部否定，四个选项中只有 any 与 not 可以构成 not any，等 于 none，表全部否定，故选 B。 9.(上海卷) —Wow! You’ve got so many clothes. —But _____ of them are in fashion now. A. all B. both C. neither D. none 【答案】D 【解析】从第一句话可知是指三者以上，第二句话转折说没有任何一件现在还流行，none 指三者以上都不。 10.(四川卷)I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I don’t have enough money to buy__________. A. one B. it C. this D. that 【答案】B 【解析】it 用作人称代词最基本的用法就是代替前面已提到过的事物，以避免重复。指物 时与 one 的区别。两者均可代替前面提到的事物，区别是：It 指的是与前面已提 到的事物为同一物，此时的 It 等于“the (this, that, my… )+名词;而 one 指的是与 前面已提到的事物为同一事物，此时的 one 等于“a+名词”。 11.(浙江卷)——I’ve read another book this week. ——Well, maybe is not how much you read but what you read that counts. A .this B. that C. there D. it 【答案】D 【解析】 由句中" not how much you read but what you read"做动词 count 的主语，选 D 构成强调句型。 12.(重庆卷)Over the past 20 years, the Internet helped change our world in _____way or another for the better. A. any B. one C. every D. either 【答案】B 【解析】考查与代词有关的固定短语，in one way or another 以某种方式。 2010 年 1.(全国 I 卷) I’ll spend half of my holiday practicing English and ___ half learning drawing. A. another B. the other C. other’s D. other 【答案】B 【解析】此题考查代词的用法区别。other 一般不单独使用，其前经常有冠词或其他形容 词，如 B 选项的 the other，one...the other..，用于一个整体的两部分“一个…… 另一个”，题干中将假期分成两部分，一部分用来学英语，一部分用来学画画， 符合题意。another 用作形容词时表示“又，再”，other's 没有此种用法。句意： 我将会用假期一半的时间练习英语，另外一半时间用来学画画。 2. (全国 II 卷 12.) Neither side is prepared to talk to _____ unless we can smooth thing over between them。 A. others B. the other C. another D. one other 【答案】B 【解析】neither 含有“两者都不”之意，一方对应另一方，故用 the other 指“两者中的另 一个”。 3.(全国 II )The doctor thought ____ would be good for you to have a holiday. A. this B. that C. one D. it 【答案】D 【解析】it 作形式主语。真正的主语为 for you to have a holiday。 4.(安徽卷)You are the team star! Working with _________ is really your cup of tea. A. both B. either C. others D. the other 【答案】C 【解析】句意：你是球队明星！与他人合作必定是你的拿手好戏。习语“one’s cup of tea” 意为“the type of thing or person that you like”。 5.(福建卷)When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson could you please say for me ? A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing 【答案】C 【解析】句子的意思是当你向 Mr. John 介绍我的时候，你可以为我说一些好话吗? A. everything 所有的；B. anything 任何事；D nothing 什么也没有 C. something 表示一些，某些 6.(江西卷)Swimming is my favorite sport.There is like swimming as a means of keeping fit. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 【答案】C 【解析】nothing like 没有什么象……比得上……。句子的意思：再没有比游泳更好的锻 炼方式了。 7.(陕西卷)The cost of renting a house in central Xi’an is higher than ____ in any other area of the city. A. that B. this C. it D. one 【答案】A 【解析】所填词用于比较状语从句中，指代句子的主语 cost，即指代不可数名词，用 that。 This 指代下文即将提到的事物；it 指代“同一物”；one 指代“同类中的一个”之意。 8.(四川卷)On my desk is a photo that my father took of when I was a baby. A. him B. his C. me D. mine 【答案】C 【解析】take a photo of sb.意为给某人照相，此处应用人称代词的宾格。 9.(天津卷)_______ in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum. A. Anything B. Nothing C. Everything D. Something 【答案】B 【解析】nothing 用于句中表示否定意义，而其他三个词则表示肯定意义。句意：我一生 中没有什么比 我第一次参观故宫给我的印象更深刻的了。 10.(重庆卷) He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found of them again. A. neither B. either C. each D. all 【答案】B 【解析】由“his temper and health”可以排除 C 项和 D 项，由后面的 never 表否定，选 either，never either 是全部否定，相当于 neither 。 11.(上海卷)If our parents do everything for us children, we won't learn to depend on A. themselves B. them C. us D. ourselves 【答案】D 【解析】主语为 we，因此应为 ourselves。depend on oneself:自力更生。根据句意，选 D。 12.(辽宁卷)The fact that she was foreign made _____difficult for her to get a job in that country. A. so B. much C. that D. it 【答案】D 【解析】it 形式宾语，真正的宾语为 for her to get a job in that country。 13.(山东卷)Helping others is a habit, _______ you can learn even at an early age. A. it B. that C. what D. one 【答案】D 【解析】句意应为“帮助别人是一种习惯，一个你在很小时就能学会的习惯。”空格处与 前句中的 habit 构成同位关系，所以选择 D 项。句中 you can learn even at an early age 是省略了关系代词 that 的定语从句，that 在定语从句中作 learn 的宾语使用。 14.(浙江卷) ______that's important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction. A. One B. All C. Everything D. Anything 【答案】B 【解析】分析四个选项的意思，根据语境：重要的是你正在努力并且朝着正确的方向前 行。从而判断此处选择 all 意思最合适。 2011 年 1.（大纲卷）I got this bicycle for ________ ; my friend gave it to me when she bought a new one. A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing 【答案】D 【解析】根据句中的解释，可知自行车是朋友送给我的，因此选nothing，for nothing表 示“免费”。句意：我一分钱没花就得到了这辆自行车。我的朋友买了辆新车，她 就把这辆给我了。 2.（北京卷）The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase ________. A. them B. those C. it D. that 【答案】C 【解析】it代指前面交代过的“the employment rate”，是单数，而them和those是复数。因 此选C。句意：由于当地政府的努力，大城市里的就业率持续升高。 3.（上海卷） To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered ________. A. the other B. other C. the others D. another 【答案】C 【解析】两者中另一个用“the other”。不定数目（两个以上）中的另一个用“another”句意： 为了保持清醒，他喝完了一杯咖啡，又要了一杯。 4.（山东卷）The two girls are so alike that strangers find ________ difficult to tell one from the other. A. it B. them C. her D. that 【答案】A 【解析】it在此句中充当形式宾语，代指“to tell one from the other”。 因此选A。句意： 这两个女孩长得很相像，不熟悉的人很难将她俩区分开来。 5.（江西卷）Why don’t you bring _________ to his attention. A. that B. it C. his D. him 【答案】B 【解析】it作形式宾语，指代句子后面that引导的宾语从句。因此选B。句意：为什么你不 让他注意到你病得太严重了以至于不能工作下去？ 6.（安徽卷）Surprisingly, Susan’s beautiful hair reached below her knees and made_______ almost an overcoat for her. A. them B. her C. itself D. herself 【答案】C 【解析】根据句意及句子结构，选项表示的是主语hair，故应选择与主语hair同义的反身 代词itself。句意：令人惊奇的是，苏珊的秀发垂到她的膝盖下，就像给她披上了 一件外套。 7.（福建卷）We have various summer camps for your holidays, you can choose________based on your own interests. A. either B. each C. one D. it 【答案】C 【解析】one代替单数可数名词，表泛指，相当于“a/an + 单数名词”。这里泛指某个summer camp夏令营。因此选C。句意：在你们的假期里，我们这儿有各种暑期夏令营， 你们可以根据自己的兴趣任选一个。 8.（四川卷）There is __________in his words. W e should have a try. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 【答案】A 【解析】something 指不简单的事、可观的成绩、有些地位的人。因此选A。句意：他的 话有些道理，我们应该试一试。 9.（辽宁卷）—Would you like tea or coffee? —______, thank you. I’ve just had some water. A. Either B. Both C. Any D. Neither 【答案】D 【解析】根据句意，此处应该是拒绝请求，什么也不喝，因为是两者全部否定，所以选 Neither。either“两者之间任何一个”；both“两者都”；any“任何一个”，均与题意 不符。句意：“你是想喝茶还是咖啡？”“谢谢你，都不想喝，我刚刚喝了一些水。” 10.（天津卷）We feel __________our duty to make our country a better place. A. it B. this C. that D. one 【答案】A 【解析】it在此句中充当形式宾语，代指“to make our country a better place”。 因此选A。 句意：我们觉得将我们的国家变得更好是我们的职责。 11.（陕西卷）—Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen, dear? —________one? A. Other B. Every C. Another D. More 【答案】C 【解析】考查不定代词与数词的连用。another 与数词连用时，数词放在another的后面， 如another three chairs; other和more与数词连用时，数词放在它们的前面，如one more apple, two other boys；every指每一个，含义与all接近。因此选C。句意： —亲爱的，可不可以到厨房里给我拿一块巧克力来？—还要吃一块？” 12.（重庆卷）—Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like. —What do you think of ________over there? A. the one B. this C. it D. that 【答案】D 【解析】 luggage行李，不可数名词，故排除A；it应该指上文提到的那一个“luggage”；根 据句中的over there, 可知选that，that指代较远处的人或物；this指代距离说话人 较近的人或物。 句意：“我真傻，竟忘记了我的行李是什么样子的了”。“你看看那边的那个行李是 不是你的？” 13.（湖南卷）I know that _________ would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing 【答案】D 【解析】根据后面“never give up”可知前面相应地也要用否定性的不定代词nothing。因此 选D。句意：我知道没有什么能够阻止他；他决不会放弃做一名导演的念头。 14. Since people are fond of humor, it is as well in conversation as _______ else. A. anything B. something C. anywhere D. somewhere 【答案】C 【解析】考查不定代词和疑问副词的用法。疑问副词与else连用表示（除了in conversation 以外）其它任何地方，表示场合。anything和something不能表示场合。句意：人 们喜欢幽默，因此幽默在谈话中或者其它场合中都会受到欢迎。 1.—How much vinegar did you put in the soup? —I’m sorry to say, ____. I forget. A. no B. no one C. nothing D. none 【答案】D 【解析】 此处 none 指的是 not any vinegar，也就是说，此处可以这样理解：I’m sorry to say that I didn’t put any vinegar in the soup, because I forgot it. 2.Why don’t you bring to his attention that you are to ill to go on working? A. One B. it C. that D. this 【答案】B 【解析】此处 it 指代后面的宾语从句所说的内容。 3.The young mother saw her baby fall to the ground, brought her heart to her mouth. A. it B. and which C. and that D. this 【答案】C 【解析】考查并列句的用法及代词的用法。此处 and 为并列连词；that 为代词。 4.Will you see to ____ that my birds are looked after well while I’m away? A. them B. yourself C. it D. me 【答案】C 【解析】考查 it 作形式宾语的用法。 5.—Who is making so much noise in the garden? —______ the children. A. There are B. They are C. That is D. It is 【答案】D 【解析】这是一个强调句，后面省略了“that are making so much noise in the garden”。 6.—Do you have anything in mind ____ you’d like for supper? —Well, ____ is okay with me. A. that; anything B. which; everything C. what; whatever D. where; something 【答案】A 【解析】第一句是 that 引导的定语从句，先行词为不定代词 anything，关系代词只能用 that。 第二句中的 anything 用在肯定句中，意为“任何东西”，含有“无一例外”之意。 7.—What is the man over there? —I don’t know for sure. But I think he can be ____ but a teacher. A. anybody B. anything C. nobody D. nothing 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查句子的意思和短语的用法：anything but 的意思是“根本不是”；结合句 子，可以这样理解：“我还不能确定他的身份，但我敢断定，他根本不是教师”。 8.—Do you have _____ at home? — No, we still have to get several pounds of fruit and some tea. A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothing 【答案】B 【解析】根据下句“不，还需要若干磅水果和茶叶”可知上文问的是“一切都齐全了吗？”， 因此用 everything，everything 表示“一切事物；事事”，是单数。 9.—Do you worship “The Grassland” and “The Space Dreams” by James? —I should if _____ of them were written lively. A. either B. each C. neither D. all 【答案】B 【解析】本题首先要突破主谓一致这一解题瓶颈。句中的谓语是 were，一般情况下根据主 谓一致原则，A、B、C 中的代词都不能选，但 D 中的 all 是指代三个或以上的事 物，而题干中只提到 The Grassland 和 The Space Dreams 两本书，因此 all 似乎 也不对。那么唯一使这四个选项中有一个可以被选的可能性就是本句是虚拟语 气，这样一来就突破了 were 设置的瓶颈。然后排除 D，因为这项是指代三个或 以上的事物，再根据题意“如果这两本数都写得生动的话，我想我会欣赏的”，排 除 A、C，因为 either of them“随便哪一本”，neither of them“两本都不”，只有 each of them 表示“每本都”。 10.Generally speaking, the effect a teacher has on children is greater than _________of their parents. A. it B. one C. those D. that 【答案】D 【解析】句意：一般说来，老师对孩子的影响比父母对孩子的影响大得多。that 指代前 面的名词 the effect。it 指代物时，是明确地指代上文提到的那个；one 则是指代 前面的名词或名词短语所表示的事物中的一个，而不是指同一个事物；those 指 代前面提到过的复数名词。 11.________with any common sense can tell the difference between the two. A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. Who else 【答案】C 【解析】Anyone 为句子主语，with any common sense 为修饰 Anyone 的定语；Whoever （=anyone who）引导主语从句。此题稍作改动如下，答案就选 B：__________has any common sense can tell the difference between the two. 12.—Would you like a cup of coffee or a glass of beer? —_______ will do, but milk is ________popular with me. A. Neither, not B. Both, more C. Either, the most D. All, the most 【答案】C 【解析】两者中的任何一种可用 either; 在三者中进行比较用最高级。 13.—That old bridge is ______ safe. —OK, we can have another access to the village. A. none but B. anything but C. nothing but D. something but 【答案】B 【解析】anything but = not al all 绝不是, 根本不。 14.The teacher told us that the problem was not ________easy and that we should think ________over carefully. A. such, it B. that, it C. such, 不填 D. that，不填 【答案】B 【解析】that 用作副词，相当于 so；think over 是及物动词，如果用它来表示“好好想一 想”，应根据上下文的语境让它带上适当的宾语。 15.—If you want a necklace, I’ll buy one for you at once. —Oh, no. A necklace is not ________that I need most. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything 【答案】B 【解析】something 在此的意思不是“某种东西”，而是指“那种东西”或“这种东西”，即心 中最想要的那种东西(相当于 the thing)。 16.—Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard. —Why ______? John is sitting there doing nothing.” A. him B. he C. I D. me 【答案】D 【解析】Why me? 可视为 Why do you ask me to go and join? 之省略。另外，me 还通常 在简略回答中用作主语。如：Me too.(我也一样。) 17.She said the fun of reading books was different from of _________any other kind. A. one B. that C. it D. those 18.My husband's birthday is coming. I'd like to buy him a present, _________he will always treasure. A. one B. it C. that D. what 【答案】A 【解析】one 作 a present 的同位语，he will always treasure 为省略了关系代词 that / which 的定语从句，修饰 one。 19.I'd prefer ________if you didn't smoke in front of the children. A. you B. that C. it D. one 【答案】C 【解析】表示喜欢、怨恨等的动词后跟宾语从句时，常用 it 来指代 if / when 引导的从句。 20.I didn't want __________of the two notebooks and the salesman had to show me ______. A. either; another B. all; the others C. both; others D. neither; the others 【答案】A 【解析】根据语境可知这里表示两者都不要，I didn’t want either of ... =I wanted neither of ...。再取一个，应为多范围中的另一个，泛指，即 another。 21.You shouldn't take _____ for granted that your parents care much about you and do so much for you. A. it B. that C. this D. one 【答案】A 【解析】take…for granted是固定结构；it是形式宾语，代替后面的“that your parents care much about you and do so much for you"宾语从句。 22.A study shows people who have a pet visit the doctor less often and experience less sleeping difficulties than ______ without a four-legged friend. A. these B. who C. those D. that 【答案】C 【解析】those 代指前面提到的 people(复数)，避免重复；that 代指单数名词或不可数名词。 who have a pet 为定语从句。 23.For me traveling to Antarctica proved to be the beginning of a new life,_____ I had thought I would never see. A. what B. that C. one D. it 【答案】C 【解析】句中I had thought是插入成分，one代替a new life。也可以用关系代词which，指 代a new life。 24.Even if they are on sale, these refrigerators are equal in price to, if not more expensive than, ________at the other store. A. anyone B. the others C. that D. the ones 【答案】D 【解析】one 可以用来替代前面提到过的名词，以避免重复。如果它替代的名词是复数， 则用 ones。本 题中它代替 refrigerators，因特指，故用 the ones。 25.—What do you think of Obama’s address to the nation? —I like ________ of what he said. His success has proved that the American dream can be turned into a reality. A. many B. few C. much D. little 【答案】C 【解析】我们通常把what引导的名词性从句视为不可数名词，因此应在选项C和D之间进 行选择。由于 下一句表示肯定意义，故选much。 26.The man had expected to see all his relatives when in hospital, but ________ came to see him while many of his friends offered him their help. A. none B. no one C. someone D. anyone 【答案】A 【解析】“当他住院时，他期望看到所有的亲戚，但是没有一个亲戚来看他，而他的很多 朋友却来看他了。” 由题意首先排除C、D项；B项意为“没有人”，用在此与后句不符，毕竟他的朋友 们来了，故排 除B项；A项也意为“没有人”，但它有特定范围。“all his relatives”，“他的亲戚中 没有人来看他”。 27.It must be somebody’s, but I don’t know ________. A. who B. which C. whose D. whom 【答案】C 【解析】句意：这肯定是某人的，但是我不知道是谁的，前面的somebody’s暗示应选whose， 此处可理解为whose it is的省略形式。 28. Some warned that the step the US government has taken to cope with the current crisis is ________ much risk. A. one of B. the one of C. the one D. that one 【答案】A 【解析】句意：有人警告说美国政府为应对当前危机所采取的这一步是充满危险的一步， 用one表示泛指。 29.It is not rare in that people in fifties are going to university for further education. A. 90s; the B. the 90s; 不填 C. 90s; their D. the 90s; their 【答案】D 【解析】在表示“(几十)年代”时，在年代后加s或’s，年代前需用定冠词the；表示“在某 人几十岁”时，用“in one’s＋基数词的复数形式”。 30.I had thought there would be many students in the hall，but when I went in, I found . A. none B. no one C. nobody D. nothing 【答案】A 【解析】no one只能指人，表示泛指概念。none既可指人又可指物，表特指概念。此处none 意为none of the students，是特指。大厅里或许还有其他人，所以不能用no one 或nobody。 31. seems to be a strong competition in China for senior high students to enter college or university. A. It B. There C. What D. That 【答案】B 【解析】此句是there seems to be. . . 句型，表示“似乎有……”。句意：在中国高中生要考 入大学，似乎要通过激烈的竞争。 32.Sometimes, money is tight and on other occasions time is tight; on________ occasion, a travel is out of the question. A. all B. any C. either D. every 【答案】C 【解析】前面讲到两种情况，所以“无论在那一种情况下，旅行总成问题”。 33.—What do you think of them? —I don’t know _____ is better, so I’ve taken _____ of them. A. what, both B. what, none C. which, both D. which, none 【答案】C 【解析】做好此题的关键是要注意句中的 better 一词，由于better 用的是比较级，说明 比较的对象应是两者，由此可推知第二空应填both；另一方面，由于所谈论的是 两者，说明选择范围比较窄、比较明确，所以第一空应填 which。 34.These trousers are dirty and wet — I’ll change into my _____. A. another B. trousers C. others D. other 【答案】C 【解析】是从语法上看，another 后通常接单数名词，而不接trousers 这样的复数名词 （若用 another pair 则可以）；也不能选 trousers 是因为填它句子意思不通。 最佳答案应选C，others 相当于 other trousers，其中的 other 与前面的 these 相对照。 35.I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ______. A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing 【答案】B 【解析】注意前文的 I agree with most of what you said(我同意你说的大部分内容)，其 后的not 与 everything 构成部分否定，意为“不是所有的都同意”，前后两部分 用转折连词 but 连接，语气通顺、连贯。 36.—There’s coffee and tea; you can have _______. —Thanks. A. either B. each C. one D. it 【答案】A 【解析】比较四个选项：either 指两者中的“任意一个”，each 指两者或两者以上中的“每 一个”，one 用来替代“a / an +单数可数名词”，it 替代“the +单数名词”。 37.—How many pencils would you like, Madame? —Well, I want _________of these. A. three dozen B. three dozen of C. three dozens D. three dozens of 【答案】B 【解析】dozen与数词或many，several连用时其后不加s；dozen前有基数词表示确切数字 时，其后一般不与of连用。 38.After 1953 ,_______ people have succeeded in climbing the mountain. A. several hundred of B. several hundreds C. several hundreds of D. several hundred 【答案】D 【解析】“hundred”表示确切数量时其前往往需用表确切的“数”，而不用 many 这类 词，但可说 many hundreds of（上百的），也可以说“several hundred（几百）”。 39.To give students more chances to practice English, the teacher has the students sit _________. A. in two and three B. in twos and threes C. in two or three D. in twos or threes 【答案】C 【解析】sit in two or three 意为“两人一组或三人一组地坐”；而 in twos and threes意为“零 零星星地， 三三两两地”。 40.—Have you got everything ready for the meeting? —Not yet, we need _________. A. three another chair B. other three chairs C. another three chairs D. more three chairs 【答案】C 【解析】不定代词 another 要放在数词前表示“还要”。another three chairs=three more chairs。