2020高考英语江苏专用版提分模拟卷（五）

2020高考英语江苏专用版提分模拟卷（五）

高考模拟卷(五)‎ 第一部分　听力(略)‎ 第二部分　英语知识运用(共两节，满分35分)‎ 第一节　单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)‎ 请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ ‎21. individual players，we have a great team but the problem is that they don’t play football together well at all.‎ A.On top of B.By means of C.In terms of D.In case of 答案　C 解析　考查介词短语。on top of在……之上；by means of用，依靠；in terms of按照，就……而言；In case of万一，假设。句意为：就队员个人而言，我们有一个很伟大的团队，但问题是踢足球时他们根本不能很好地配合。故选C。‎ ‎22.The selection of the date was rather ，since it mattered little to most of the club members who were free during the holidays.‎ A.fundamental B.arbitrary C.ambiguous D.thorough 答案　B 解析　考查形容词辨析。句意为：日期的选择是相当随意的，因为对大多数在假期里有空的俱乐部成员来说，这无关紧要。fundamental基本的；arbitrary随意的，任意的；ambiguous 模糊的；thorough彻底的。故选B。‎ ‎23.—Who is the most famous martial arts novelist?‎ ‎—Jin Yong, works deeply influenced the cultural development of Chinese-speaking communities around the world.‎ A.he B.his C.who D.whose 答案　D 解析　考查非限制性定语从句。句意为：——谁是最出名的武侠小说家？——金庸，他的作品深深影响了世界各地汉语圈的文化发展。此处为非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少定语，故D项正确。‎ ‎24.To combat global warming，many people are the use of alternative energy sources.‎ A.applying to B.jumping at C.dipping into D.pushing for 答案　D 解析　考查动词短语辨析。句意为：为了应对全球变暖，许多人正在奋力争取使用替代能源。apply to应用于；jump at欣然接受；dip into浸在……里；push for奋力争取。故D选项正确。‎ ‎25.Father broke into a violent at the sight of his son being beaten by a big man and charged straight at him.‎ A.passion B.inspiration C.friction D.occasion 答案　A 解析　考查名词辨析。passion激情，盛怒；inspiration激励，灵感；friction摩擦；occasion时机，场合。句意为：一看见儿子被一个大块头的男人揍了，父亲盛怒，径直冲向他。根据句意可知A项正确。‎ ‎26.—The prices of vegetables are going up madly.It’s really too much for us.‎ ‎—But for the situation where many vegetable producing areas constant low temperature，things would not be like this.‎ A.meet with B.have met with C.met with D.had met with 答案　B 解析　考查时态。句意为：——蔬菜的价格疯狂上涨。对于我们来说太贵了。——要不是很多生产蔬菜的地区遭遇了不断地低温袭击，事情不会是现在这个样子。从句意看，生产蔬菜地区遭遇不断的低温，对现在造成很大影响，因此用现在完成时，强调对于现在的影响，故B正确。‎ ‎27.Granny always keeps her cellphone switched off she’s expecting a call.‎ A.since B.unless C.once D.when 答案　B 解析　考查连词。since既然；unless除非；once一旦……；when当……时。句意为：外婆的手机总是关机，除非她在等电话。故B项正确。‎ ‎28.It is Bill often breaks the rules of the school makes his class teacher unsatisfied with him.‎ A.which；that B.that；that C.what；that D.that；what 答案　B 解析　第二空是强调句型的引导词，用that；而第一空则是主语从句的引导词，且从句中并不缺少成分，所以只能用that。‎ ‎29.According to the school rule，no child be allowed out of the school，unless accompanied by his or her own parents.‎ A.should B.must C.shall D.can 答案　C 解析　考查shall的特殊用法。句意为：根据学校规定，除非有自己的父母陪同，否则不得让任何儿童离开学校。shall用于第二和第三人称的陈述句时，有“警告、命令、威胁、允诺等”之意。分析语境可知，本句中含有命令或警告的意思，故选C项。‎ ‎30.—Do you know Linda was fired for her casual attitude towards the job?‎ ‎—No wonder she when I tried to amuse her this morning.‎ A.was tickled pink B.pulled my leg C.gave me the cold shoulder D.saw the handwriting on the wall 答案　C 解析　考查俚语辨析。句意为：——你知道琳达因为对工作漫不经心而被解雇了吗？——难怪今天早上我试图逗她开心时，她却不理我。be tickled pink高兴极了；pull one’s leg开某人的玩笑；give sb. the cold shoulder对某人很冷淡；see the handwriting on the wall不祥征兆。故C选项正确。‎ ‎31.She would be much healthier now with that much pressure from work when young.‎ A.had she not burdened herself B.were she not burdened C.should she not burden herself D.were she not to be burdened 答案　A 解析　从句是省略了if的虚拟条件句，根据when young可知是对过去的虚拟，用过去完成时，句中将助动词had提前，省略了连词if。‎ ‎32.After investigation，the police found out one clue voices were heard calling for help from some very distant place that day.‎ A.where B.when C.that D.whose 答案　C 解析　that是连词，引导同位语从句，用于叙述名词one clue的内容，且在从句中不充当任何成分。‎ ‎33.The keeper of the spring cleared away the leaves and branches，and wiped away the silt(淤泥) that would have choked and polluted the fresh flow of water.‎ A.thus B.otherwise C.therefore D.later 答案　B 解析　考查副词辨析。句意为：这个喷泉的看守者清除了树叶和树枝，挖掉了如果不去掉就会堵塞和污染清澈水流的淤泥。otherwise相当于if it hadn’t been wiped away。‎ ‎34.There are many online shopping payment methods in China，and you can choose，when the order is ，cash，POS or checks，to pay for the goods.‎ A.deposited B.delivered C.deduced D.defined 答案　B 解析　考查动词辨析。deposit存放；deliver递送；deduce推断；define使明确。句意为：在中国有很多网上购物的支付方式，当订单交付时，你可以选择现金，刷卡或支票支付货款。结合句意可知答案为B。‎ ‎35.—Can I have a day off tomorrow? I need to visit my grandma in the hospital.‎ ‎— .I can manage without you.(2018·河东区二模)‎ A.Forget it B.Of course C.It depends D.I’m afraid not 答案　B 解析　Forget it算了；Of course当然；It depends视情况而定；I’m afraid not我恐怕不行。根据答句中的“I can manage without you”可知，没有你在，我也可以做好的，所以赞同对方请假一天(看望一下住院的奶奶)，即“(你请假一天)当然可以”，因此B项符合语境。‎ 第二节　完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)‎ 请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ There was once a guy who suffered from cancer and could die anytime.He was 36 in his house all day long.However，he was really 37 up with staying home and he managed to get his mother’s 38 to go out.‎ When he passed a CD store and 39 through the front door，he saw a beautiful girl about his age and he knew it was love 40 .He walked in，not looking at anything else 41 her.He walked closer and closer until he was 42 at the front desk where she sat.‎ He 43 one CD，paid for it and the girl wrapped it for him.From then on，he went to that store every day and bought a CD，and she 44 it for him.He took the CD 45 and put it in his closet.Greatly 46 he loved her，he was still too shy to ask her out.The next day，with his mother’s encouragement，he picked up all his 47 and went to the store as usual.He bought a CD 48 he did every day，and unnoticed，he left his phone number on her desk and ran out...‎ One day the girl called，and the mother cried，telling her the boy had just 49 .‎ The line was 50 except for the cries of the boy’s mother.Later，the mother wanted to remember her son，so she went into the boy’s room and opened the 51 .‎ She was surprised to find piles of 52 CDs.She picked one up，and as she took the CD out of the wrapper，out 53 a piece of paper，saying：Hi I think U R really cute.Do u wanna go out with me？Love，Jocelyn.‎ Deeply moved，the mother opened 54 CD，again there was a piece of paper with the same words on it.‎ Love is...when you’ve had a huge 55 but then decide to put aside your ego(自我)，hold hands and say，“I Love You.”‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了一个发生在身患绝症的男孩和一个他一见钟情的女孩之间的爱情故事，旨在告诉我们：爱在心里口要开。‎ ‎36.A.stuck B.sunk C.struck D.sucked 答案　A 解析　句意为：他不得不整天待在家里。固定短语be stuck in陷入/困于……。sink使下沉；strike打，撞击；suck吸吮。‎ ‎37.A.bored B.fed C.tired D.sick 答案　B 解析　由上文中的转折词However可知，他“厌倦”了整日待在家里的生活。be fed up with意为“对……厌烦的，厌倦的”。‎ ‎38.A.transmission B.admission C.submission D.permission 答案　D 解析　根据句意，男孩要出去，须得到妈妈的“允许”，因此选择D项。transmission传送，传递，传导，传达；admission准许进入(或加入)；submission屈服，服从，归顺，投降，递交；permission允许，许可。‎ ‎39.A.looked B.stared C.noticed D.glared 答案　A 解析　根据句意，他透过前门“看到”(look)一个与他年纪相仿的美丽女孩。‎ ‎40.A.at her mercy B.at her convenience C.at first sight D.at first hand 答案　C 解析　句意为：他知道这是“一见钟情”(love at first sight)。at one’s mercy任凭某人摆布；at one’s convenience在某人方便的时候；at first hand直接地。‎ ‎41.A.besides B.except for C.but D.apart from 答案　C 解析　句意为：男孩打开门，走了进去，除了她什么也不看。but多与no，nothing，not anything，nobody，nowhere，all，anything，who等词连用，but所引出的事物常是句子的重心，有一定的强调意味。‎ ‎42.A.abruptly B.actually C.finally D.suddenly 答案　C 解析　女孩坐在柜台旁，他不由自主地走了过去，慢慢地靠近，直到“最后”走到了女孩的旁边。abruptly突然地；actually实际上；finally最后；suddenly突然地。‎ ‎43.A.picked out B.put out C.turned out D.wiped out 答案　A 解析　句意为：他挑了一张CD，付了钱，女孩把它包好。pick out挑选出，辨认出；put out扑灭；turn out结果是；wipe out消灭。‎ ‎44.A.played B.wrapped C.recorded D.promoted 答案　B 解析　由上文可知，他买了CD，女孩把它“包”(wrap)起来。play播放；record记录；promote促进。‎ ‎45.A.out B.abroad C.back D.home 答案　D 解析　句意为：他把CD拿回“家”(home)，放进他的壁橱里。‎ ‎46.A.although B.though C.since D.while 答案　B 解析　句意为：尽管他很爱她，但他还是太害羞了，不敢约她出去。although，though和while都可以引导让步状语从句，但是本句为倒装句，只有though引导的让步状语从句可以倒装，也可以不倒装，故B项正确。‎ ‎47.A.strength B.energy C.courage D.power 答案　C 解析　句意为：在母亲的鼓励下，他鼓足了勇气，像往常一样去了商店。strength力量，长处；energy能量；courage勇气；power力量，权力。‎ ‎48.A.after B.as C.before D.when 答案　B 解析　句意为：正如他每天做的那样，他买了一张CD。as作为连词，意为“正如，像……一样”，符合句意。‎ ‎49.A.turned away B.broken away C.given away D.passed away 答案　D 解析　根据下文中的“the cries of the boy’s mother.Later，the mother wanted to remember her son”可知，男孩应是去世了。pass away去世。‎ ‎50.A.quiet B.busy C.engaged D.noisy 答案　A 解析　句意为：电话线那端沉默了，只听到男孩母亲的抽泣声。quiet安静的，沉默的。‎ ‎51.A.cupboard B.furniture C.bookshelf D.closet 答案　D 解析　由上文中的“He took the CD and put it in his closet.”可知，她走进男孩的房间，打开“壁橱”。‎ ‎52.A.updated B.unopened C.outdated D.recycled 答案　B 解析　由下一句“She picked one up，and as she took the CD out of the wrapper”可知，她惊讶地发现成堆的“未开封的”CD。updated更新的；unopened没有打开过的；outdated过时的；recycled回收利用的。‎ ‎53.A.went B.let C.dropped D.fell 答案　D 解析　句意为：当她把CD从包装纸中拿出来的时候，“掉”出来一张纸片。go去，(时间)流逝，(事情)进展；let让；drop落下，下降；fall落下，掉落。‎ ‎54.A.the other B.other C.another D.others 答案　C 解析　句意为：男孩的母亲被深深打动了，拆开了“另一张”CD，里面有一张写着同样内容的纸条。the other两者中的另一个；other其他，另外(泛指，后面通常接复数名词)；another三者或三者以上中的另一个(泛指)；others另外几个，其余的。‎ ‎55.A.quarrel B.fight C.challenge D.argument 答案　B 解析　句意为：爱就是……当你万般挣扎(思想斗争)过后，决定把自我放到一边，紧紧握住对方的手，说：“我爱你。”quarrel争吵；fight战斗，斗争；challenge挑战；argument论据。‎ 第三部分　阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)‎ 请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ A Illustrated Talks at London Museum Illustrated talks are held at 7∶30 p.m.，on the first Thursday of each month except August.Admission to talks and museum is charged at the usual museum admission charges.‎ ‎3rd September：‎ Protecting Our Waterway Heritage by Nigel Crowe.Nigel is the Conservation Advisor to the Canal and River Trust(运河信托公司).He undertook a comprehensive survey of the heritage of the waterways when first appointed，and now advises the CRT on its protection.‎ ‎1st October：‎ The Canal and River Trust by John Dodwell.Founding trustee and long standing waterways enthusiast(狂热者) John Dodwell will detail the Trust’s progress to date.He will explain the issues they face and the limits under which they work.‎ ‎5th November：‎ The Work of the Thames Ironworks Heritage Trust by Gavin Redknap.Gavin was one of the founders of the Trust that is working to save and restore some of the few surviving crafts built at the Thames Ironworks Yard at the mouth of Bow Creek.The Trust plans to use the fleet of restored one-hundred-year-old lifeboats for community projects on the Lower Lee.‎ ‎3rd December：‎ The River Thames Society and the River Thames by Peter Finch.Peter，who is Chairman of the River Thames Society，will explain the role and function of the society and then go on to talk about London’s river and some of the issues it faces.‎ ‎56.A man interested in ancient art crafts might attend the talk on .‎ A.3rd September B.1st October C.5th November D.3rd December 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。由文中11月5日那场演讲的主题中的内容可知，这场演讲是关于过去的手工艺的。故选C项。‎ ‎57.If you want to know how a society which aims to protect rivers functions，you might attend .‎ A.The Canal and River Trust B.Protecting Our Waterway Heritage C.The Work of the Thames Ironworks Heritage Trust D.The River Thames Society and the River Thames 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。由文中12月3日那场演讲的主题中的“...will explain the role and function of the society and then go on to talk about London’s river and some of the issues it faces.”可知，要想知道一个旨在保护河流的协会是如何运作的，可参加于12月3日举行的讲座，故D项符合题意。‎ B Recent summer temperatures in parts of Australia were high enough to melt asphalt.As global warming speeds up the heat and climatic events increase，many plants may be unable to cope.But at least one species of eucalyptus tree can resist extreme heat by continuing to “sweat” when other essential processes stop，a new study finds.‎ As plants change sunlight into food，or photosynthesize(起光合作用)，they absorb carbon dioxide through pores on their leaves.These pores also release water via transpiration，which circulates nutrients through the plant and helps cool it by evaporation.But exceptionally high temperatures are known to greatly reduce photosynthesis—and most existing plant models suggest this should also decrease transpiration，leaving trees in danger of fatally overheating.Because it is difficult for scientists to control and vary trees’ conditions in their natural environment，little is known about how individual species handle this situation.‎ Ecologist John Drake of the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry and his colleagues grew a dozen Parramatta red gum trees in large，climate-controlled plastic pods that separated the trees from the surrounding forest for a year in Richmond，Australia.Six of the trees were grown at normal air temperatures and six at temperatures three degrees Celsius higher.The researchers took water away from the surface soil of all 12 trees for a month to imitate a mild dry environment，then induced a four-day “extreme” heat wave：they raised the maximum temperatures in half of the pods (three with surrounding temperatures and three of the warmer ones)—to 44 degrees Celsius.‎ Photosynthesis ground to a near halt in the trees facing the artificial heat wave.But to the researchers’ surprise，these trees continued to transpire at close-to-normal levels，effectively cooling themselves and their surroundings.The trees grown in warmer conditions coped just as well as the others，and photosynthesis rates bounced back to normal after the heat wave passed，Drake and his colleagues reported online in Global Change Biology.‎ The researchers think the Parramatta red gums were able to effectively sweat—even without photosynthesis—because they are particularly good at tapping into water deep in the soil.“But if a ‎ heat wave and a severe drought were to hit at the same time and the groundwater was depleted，the trees may not be so lucky，” Drake says.‎ Other scientists call the finding encouraging.“It’s definitely good news，” says Trevor Keenan，an ecologist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory，who was not part of the study.“It would be very interesting to know how this translates to other species，” he adds.Drake hopes to conduct similar experiments with trees common in North America.‎ ‎58.What can we learn from the second paragraph?‎ A.It’s easy to control a plant’s conditions in its natural environment.‎ B.High temperatures lead to much more photosynthesis by plants.‎ C.Plants’ transpiration mainly releases water rather than circulates nutrients.‎ D.Most plants are in danger if they suffer serious overheating.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But exceptionally high temperatures are known to greatly reduce photosynthesis—and most existing plant models suggest this should also decrease transpiration，leaving trees in danger of fatally overheating.”可知，异常高温会使很多植物处于危险之中。故选项D正确。‎ ‎59.The experiment on Parramatta red gum trees shows that .‎ A.at higher temperatures the trees completely stop the photosynthesis B.water deep in the soil saves the trees in a high-temperature environment C.high temperatures have little effect on the trees’ photosynthesis D.high temperatures greatly increase the trees’ transpiration 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，关于帕拉玛塔赤桉树的实验表明，帕拉玛塔赤桉树特别擅长在土壤深处挖掘到水。由此可知，土壤深处的水在高温环境下救了这些树。故选项B符合题意。‎ ‎60.What does the underlined word “depleted” in the fifth paragraph mean?‎ A.Taken in. B.Cut off.‎ C.Used up. D.Made use of.‎ 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。综合第五段的内容尤其是“But if a heat wave and a severe drought were to hit at the same time and the groundwater was depleted，the trees may not be so lucky”可知，帕拉玛塔赤桉树特别擅长在土壤深处挖掘到水。但是，如果热浪和严重旱灾同时发生，以及地下水枯竭时，这些树木就不会那么幸运了。故选项C符合题意。‎ C We are all pretty much right-eared，according to new research.Audiology researchers at Auburn University have found that adults tend to better comprehend and remember information that comes through the right ear，especially when in loud or crowded environments.While previous research has established that right-ear dominance is present in children，the new research suggests that favoring the right ear continues into adulthood as well.‎ A lot of it has to do with the brain’s strange habit of cross-wiring input on the left-right axis，according to the researchers.Sounds that enter the right ear are processed initially by the left side of the brain.In children under the age of about 13，this right-ear dominance plays a large role in comprehension.Because kids don’t have a fully developed auditory system，they tend to rely on the more efficient right-ear，left-brain pathway.In adulthood，the left ear eventually “catches up” with the right ear.‎ Previous research has backed up the theory that the adult auditory system processes sounds more or less equally from each ear.“In simple listening tasks，adults tend to keep information coming in from each or both ears.However，if you start raising the difficulty of certain listening tasks，the right-ear advantage comes back into play，” said researcher Danielle Sacchinelli.“The goal of this study was to increase the auditory working memory task to see if we could find the right-ear advantage phenomena in mature，typically developing adults，” Sacchinelli said.‎ Sacchinelli’s research team asked 41 participants aged 19 to 28 to complete a series of listening tasks that would gradually become more complex and demanding.During the tests，subjects wore earphones in which different sets of numbers—ranging from two to nine digits—were played into each ear.“The participant was instructed to pay attention to one ear while ignoring the other，then recall the order of numbers in the directed ear，” Sacchinelli said.‎ With each subsequent test，the researchers increased the number of items by one.While they found no significant differences between left and right ear performance with short sequences of numbers，the right ear started pulling ahead when the number sequences got longer.In fact，performance improved an average of 8 percent when test subjects focused on their right ear，and some individuals improved by up to 40 percent.The results suggest that when the going gets tough—when the brain has to sort out complex ideas in a loud and busy environment—the human auditory system prefers to listen through the right ear.As to the practical value of the research，Sacchinelli said the new data may be able to help develop treatments for those with hearing and comprehension difficulties.The research could also help technicians make better hearing aids.‎ 语篇解读　根据一项新的研究，成人倾向于更好地理解并记忆来自右耳的信息，尤其是处在嘈杂或拥挤的环境中。‎ ‎61.According to new research， .‎ A.most people prefer to use their right ear B.loud environments make it difficult to give information C.right-ear dominance exists only in children D.children can store more information than adults 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“We are all pretty much right-eared，according to new research.”可知，根据一项新的研究，多数人倾向于使用他们的右耳。故选项A符合题意。‎ ‎62.What makes people right-eared?‎ A.The brain’s habit of cross-wiring input.‎ B.The right brain’s auditory function.‎ C.The left ear’s underdevelopment.‎ D.The right ear’s auditory system.‎ 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“A lot of it has to do with the brain’s strange habit of cross-wiring input on the left-right axis，according to the researchers.”可知，人们使用右耳与大脑的左右轴交叉输入的习惯有关。故选项A符合题意。‎ ‎63.Which of the following ideas does previous research support?‎ A.One ear is enough to deal with simple listening.‎ B.The right ear doesn’t show its advantage until adulthood.‎ C.Both ears of adults receive almost equal sounds.‎ D.The right ear only works when it becomes difficult to hear things.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Previous research has backed up the theory that the adult auditory system processes sounds more or less equally from each ear.”可知，成人的两只耳朵接收几乎同等的声音。故选项C符合题意。‎ ‎64.How does the author support the theme of the text?‎ A.By collecting information.‎ B.By stating arguments.‎ C.By explaining a theory.‎ D.By providing research.‎ 答案　D 解析　写作手法题。综合全文尤其是第四段第一句“Sacchinelli’s research team asked 41 participants aged 19 to 28 to complete a series of listening tasks that would gradually become more complex and demanding.”可知，作者通过提供研究来支持文章的主旨。故选项D符合题意。‎ D The concept of a “born leader” seems so fanciful that it belongs on the cover of a bad ‎ business book.But it turns out that born leaders are real，and researchers have discovered a key factor，which isn’t genes，parents，or peers，but birth order.‎ First-born children are 30 percent more likely to be CEOs or politicians，according to a new paper by several economists，Sandra E.Black at the University of Texas-Austin，and Bjorn Ockert and Erik Gronqvist at Sweden’s Institute for Evaluation of Labor Market and Education Policy.The paper，which only looked at boys，found that first-borns stay in school longer，make more money，have a higher IQ，and even spend more time on homework than on television.‎ The idea that birth order might shape personality goes back at least to the 1920s，when Alfred Adler theorized that first-born children develop a “taste for power” at a young age，since they can dominate their younger siblings.He went on to say young children are spoiled and become dependent on their parents (the “baby of the family” effect)，while middle children，being often in a war for their parents’ attention，are status-conscious and naturally competitive.‎ Obtaining personality from birth may strike you.But Adler’s hypotheses(假说) have held up in numerous studies.In a 2013 paper，Strategic Parenting，Birth Order and School Performance，V.Joseph Hotz，a professor of economics at Duke University，and Juan Pantano，a professor of economics at Washington University in St.Louis，used American data to show that school performance declines with birth order.‎ The researchers chalked their findings up to what they called the “reputational model of strategic parenting”.Put simply，parents invest a lot of time in establishing rules for their first child，building a reputation for toughness that they hope will pass down to later children.As a result，first-borns are doubly blessed—having too much of their parents’ attention，and then entrusted to act as the rules enforcer of the family，which helps them build intelligence，discipline，and leadership qualities.In the survey，parents report that they consider their older children more successful，and they are less likely to discipline their later-born children for improper behaviors，such as acting up or not doing homework.‎ This new study relies on Swedish data，and it comes to a similar conclusion.First-borns aren’t just healthier or smarter，but also they score higher on “emotional stability，persistence，social outgoingness，willingness to assume responsibility and ability to take the initiative”.Its researchers ruled out genetic factors; in fact，they uncovered evidence that later-born children might be healthier than first-borns.‎ Instead，the differences among siblings had everything to do with family dynamics in the children’s early years.First，having more children means parents can spend less time on each child，and as the parental investment declines，so may IQ.‎ Second，the most important effect，the researchers said，might not be the “strategic parenting” ‎ but something more like “strategic brothering”.As siblings compete for their parents’ love (or ice cream，or toys)，they occupy certain positions—older siblings demonstrate their competence and power，while younger siblings develop more creative strategies to get attention.This effect seems particularly strong among later-born boys with older brothers.Younger brothers are much more likely to enter “creative” occupations—like architect，writer，actor，singer，or photographer—if they have older brothers，rather than older sisters.In other words，among young brothers，specialization within the family forecasts specialization in the workforce.‎ There is a considerable implication in this idea that family dynamics during childhood can shape adult personality.Young children are highly sensitive to their environment，in ways that often have lasting effects.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。“天生的领导者”这一概念似乎太异想天开了，以至于它应该出现在一本糟糕的商业书籍的封面上。但事实证明，天生的领导者是真实存在的，研究人员发现了一个关键因素，不是基因、父母或同伴，而是出生顺序。‎ ‎65.First-born children are more likely to be CEOs or politicians because .‎ A.they are born to have leadership qualities B.teachers and parents invest more time in educating them C.later-born children need them to set good examples D.they have a lot of practice in bossing around their younger siblings 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可知，长子长女更有可能成为CEO或政治家，因为他们有很多对弟弟妹妹发号施令的习惯。故选D。‎ ‎66.What can we learn about Alfred Adler?‎ A.His research was based on American data.‎ B.His hypotheses were applied in many studies.‎ C.He held the idea that first-born children should be independent.‎ D.He thought that children’s personality was affected by birth order.‎ 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，艾尔弗雷德·阿德勒认为孩子的性格会受出生顺序的影响。故选D。‎ ‎67.According to the 2013 paper，if a child does not behave as well as his elder brother at school，it may be due to the fact that he .‎ A.has a lower IQ and EQ B.is badly treated by school teachers C.receives less attention from his parents D.is spoiled too much by other family members 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第五段中“As a result，first-borns are doubly blessed—having too much of their parents’ attention...and they are less likely to discipline their later-born children for improper behaviors，such as acting up or not doing homework.”可知，根据2013年的论文，如果一个孩子在学校的表现不如他的哥哥，这可能是因为他受到父母的关注相对较少。故选C。‎ ‎68.What are the findings of the new study based on?‎ A.Swedish data on boys.‎ B.Controlled experiments on children.‎ C.Differences between first-borns and later-borns.‎ D.The observation of children’s development across Sweden.‎ 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第六段第一句“This new study relies on Swedish data，and it comes to a similar conclusion.”可知，这项新研究的发现是基于瑞典男孩的数据。故选A。‎ ‎69.The new study has found that later-born children .‎ A.feel disappointed at their parents’ attitude to them B.are always in a process of self-discovery C.may be more trustworthy and creative D.might be physically strong 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第六段最后一句“...in fact，they uncovered evidence that later-born children might be healthier than first-borns.”可知，新的研究发现，出生较晚的孩子可能比第一个出生的孩子身体强壮。故选D。‎ ‎70.According to the author， .‎ A.parents should create a good family environment for their children B.children should be given equal attention by their parents C.girls’ development is seldom affected by birth order D.boys should be forbidden to order others around 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者认为，父母应该为他们的孩子创造一个良好的家庭环境。故选A。‎ 第四部分　任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)‎ 请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。‎ 注意：每个空格只填一个单词。‎ Reading for pleasure is declining among primary-age pupils，and increasing numbers of “time poor” parents are dropping the practice of sharing bedtime stories with their children once ‎ they start school.‎ Research found that，while parents read to preschoolers，by the final year of primary school only around 2% read to their children every day.Once children can read skillfully，parents tend to step back，and this usually happens at the age of seven or eight.The research also found that 82% of teachers blame the government’s “target-driven” education policies for the fact that fewer children are reading for pleasure.‎ They believe that a straitjacket(束缚) of strictly organized schooling is containing young people’s ability to read more widely.Two-thirds of teachers surveyed said they lacked time in the school day to introduce a variety of books and that this was a “major barrier to being able to develop a level of reading”.Teachers mentioned other main factors—the reduction in the number of school librarians，who could put interesting books before children，and the rise in “screen time”，switching children from reading to playing games.‎ The majority of teachers said the curriculum’s “emphasis on reading as a skill to be mastered” was increasing the pressure，which also came from parents who saw reading just as a focus of learning，a skill important to career advancement in a competitive world.‎ ‎“There was a real love of reading among teachers，and a strong desire，to encourage more children to read for pleasure.However，the teachers also had an overpowering sense of disappointment with their situation.Touch-screen phones and computers are naturally attractive to children，” the survey said，and predicted a period of awkwardness as everyone else adapts.By 2018，children’s television will have adopted the presence of this second screen，and it “will be strange not to have children，at home drawing along on computers and then having these appearing live in the show”.‎ The hope is that user-friendly screens could，if material is adapted and downloaded easily，present an opportunity for more ambitious publishing—for example，books children can either read or choose to have read to them；or digital books with moving pictures instead of photos to clarify factual and scientific points.Parental controls that are easy to use would be key.And they should be allowed to shut off access to children in the home.‎ The phenomenon The 71. in number of primary-age pupils who read for pleasure is 72. to that in number of parents who tell bedtime stories to their children.‎ The reasons The government Its “target-driven” education policies 73. fewer children read for pleasure.‎ Schools ‎•The strictly organized schooling plays a 74. role for children to read more widely.‎ ‎•The curriculum emphasizes reading skills too ‎ much，which 75. the children.‎ ‎•The number of school librarians is 76. .‎ Most teachers They can do 77. to introduce a variety of books because they lack time in the school day.‎ Parents They 78. reading skills to career advancement in a competitive world.‎ Children Their attention is 79. away from reading by the second screen.‎ The hopes ‎•Publish books children like to read or choose to have read to them，or 80. publications.‎ ‎•Allow parents to shut off access to children in the home.‎ 语篇解读　现在，以读书作为乐趣的孩子越来越少了。该文作者分析了导致这种现象发生的原因，并提出了一些解决的办法。‎ ‎71.答案　change 解析　根据第一段中的关键词declining和increasing可知，此处是指以读书作为乐趣的孩子的数量以及给孩子讲睡前故事的父母的数量的变化。‎ ‎72.答案　opposite 解析　根据第一段中的关键词declining和increasing可知，以读书作为乐趣的孩子的数量以及给孩子讲睡前故事的父母的数量的变化趋势是相反的。opposite相反的，相对的。‎ ‎73.答案　make 解析　根据第二段最后一句可知，老师将以读书作为乐趣的孩子的数量的减少归咎于政府的应试教育政策，即是政府的政策使得喜欢读书的孩子越来越少了。make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事。‎ ‎74.答案　negative/passive 解析　根据第三段第一句中的关键词straitjacket可知，严格的学校教育管理在学生阅读这一方面起着消极作用。negative与passive均有“消极的”的意思。‎ ‎75.答案　burdens 解析　根据第四段中的关键词increasing the pressure，可知用burdens。burden增加负担于……。‎ ‎76.答案　reduced/decreased 解析　根据第三段最后一句中的reduction可知，学校图书管理员的数量在减少。故用reduced/decreased。‎ ‎77.答案　nothing 解析　根据第三段第二句可知，老师们没有时间向孩子们推荐大量图书。can do nothing to...‎ 对……无能为力。‎ ‎78.答案　connect/link 解析　根据第四段可知，父母们视阅读为当今竞争激烈的社会里职业发展中的一项重要技能。connect/link...to...把……和……联系起来。‎ ‎79.答案　taken 解析　根据第五段第三句可知，孩子们被手机和电脑吸引了，可判断出孩子们对阅读的注意力正被手机和电脑转移了。take away from从……拿走。‎ ‎80.答案　digital/electronic 解析　根据第六段第一句中的digital可知答案。‎ 第五部分　书面表达(满分25分)‎ ‎81.请认真阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。‎ If you are feeling that life just cannot be any worse for you，it can be challenging to think of positive thoughts.When we are stressed，depressed，upset，or otherwise in a negative state of mind because we perceive that “bad things” keep happening to us，it is important to shift those negative thoughts to something positive.If we don’t，we will only attract more “bad things”.‎ It is often very hard to think positively when so many things are negative，but I can assure you that someone is worse off than you somewhere.We can choose to think differently by beginning with the smallest of steps.‎ If you start with one small，positive thing and repeat it during the course of your day，you will begin to move into a more positive situation：positive thoughts，feelings，opportunities and people will start showing up in your life.With practice，you will find that over time，you will change your outlook and choose to be happy，regardless of the events around you.‎ 写作内容 ‎1.用约30个单词写出上文概要；‎ ‎2.用约120个单词就“保持乐观心态，快乐学习”为主题，结合自己的亲身经历发表你对乐观心态的看法。‎ 写作要求 ‎1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；‎ ‎2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；‎ ‎3.不必写标题。‎ 评分标准 内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。‎ 参考范文 The passage tells us that when life is not that satisfactory we should have positive thoughts.In fact，there is always someone who might be worse off than you.‎ In the world full of competition，everyone may often face some challenges，so we should always stay positive and deal with the difficulties bravely.However，in our daily life，we often notice that when encountering difficulties，some of us choose to bury our heads in the sand.As we all know，this attitude will do no good of course，because if you have no courage to face them，how can you conquer them？When I was in Senior Grade One，my maths was very poor and I was about to give it up when my teacher had a word with me，encouraging me to study hard.From then on，I made rapid progress in maths.‎ As students，we should always stay positive and optimistic and study happily every day!‎