2020届二轮复习阅读理解专题指导课件（36张）

2020届二轮复习阅读理解专题指导课件（36张）

2020届二轮复习 阅读做题技巧讲解 《 新课标 》 要求 1.Vocabulary: 3500words + 400-500 set phrases + frequently used words ( 高频词 ) 2. The ablility of analyzing long and complicated sentences （分析长难句） 3. Reading speed: 70-80 words/minute ( 完成大约一篇阅读题用时 7 -8 分钟） Various topics （话题） social life, science, economy, biography( 人物传记 ), story, history, news, advertisement, ect. Type of writing ( 文体 ) 1. 应用文 （有小标题；主要考察细节题） 2. 记叙文 （故事发展顺序； 5W 信息 + 小哲理或者情感态度） 3. 说明文 （主要是社科类说明文；总分；总分总） 4. 议论文 （中心论点 + 分论点） Types of Questions 三、题目分析： 1. Detail questions 细节理解题 （难度小；大约占 2/3 ） 2. Overall questions 主旨大意题 （要求考生从宏观上把握文章的主旨或段落大意） 3. Questions of inference 判断推理题 （要求考生通过字面意义挖掘作者的写作思路和文章的深层含义，领会文章的弦外之音。） 4. Questions of words guessing 词义猜测题 （要求考生对文章中出现的生词或短语结合上下文进行合理推测） Which author got inspirations from occassions of family gatherings for the book?(2019 四校联考 ) (Alice Hartley)This book shares poems inspired by events and family members who came to visit but never stayed. (Mom’s Poetry) This inspring book written by…brings togother twenty years of poems reflecting on the path of her life. Included also are several Thanksgiving prayer-poems, poems on family happy moments and sad occasions. 技巧点拨： 要注意认真分析题目，选取正确的题区，排除含有类似关键词的干扰信息。 第一类题：细节题 细节题例题 22 ． What was the reason for O'Connor's being rejected by the law firm ? A ． Her lack of proper training in law. B ． Her little work experience in court. C ． The discrimination against women. D ． The poor financial conditions. (2016· 全国卷 Ⅰ 阅读 A 节选 ) When Sandra Day O‘Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator ( 参议员 ) and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. 技巧点拨： 题目设问或者选项的关键词，通常会用与原文关键词意思相近的表达，要懂得匹配。 颠倒是非 无中生有 无中生有 细节题（技巧点拨） 认清干扰项的“真面目” 1 ．张冠李戴。是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容。 2 ．无中生有。符合常识，但不是文章的内容。 3 ．曲解文意。与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动。 4 ．颠倒是非。在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。 5 ．正误参半。部分正确，部分错误。 主旨大意题是高考阅读理解中常考的题型之一，主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。 通常以概括中心大意、概括段落大意、选择标题以及判断作者写作意图等形式出现。 主旨大意题是阅读理解题中的高难度题（能力型题目）。 第二类题：主旨大意题 主旨大意题 的设问 1. What is the best title for/of the passage? 2. What is the second/thrid paragraph mainly about ? 3. What does the author mainly tell us about in the text ？ 4. What is mainly discussed in the article/passage/text? 5. What is the purpose of this paragraph? 主旨大意题特点 技巧点拨 ： 做主旨大意题，一定要判断文体，分析文章结构，找到中心句（反复出现的主题词） 文章结构分析（说明文） Microplatics are everywhere in our environment. It’s hardly surprising that the tiny fragments have also been found in humans. A new study shows that Americans are consuming as many as 121,000 particles each year. …Therefore, much remains unknown about the common existence of these materials within the human body, as well as their impact on human health. Hoping the fill in some of these gaps, a research team… The authors of the study found that …But in all likelihood, the research tells only a small part of the entire story… ….cutting down bottled water is a good place to start.But to the heart of the problem, we have to stop producing and using so much plastic. Para1 ： The introduction (the phenomenon) Para. 2: the present situation ( 目前对塑料颗粒在人体中的情况以及影响，知之甚少 ) Para.3-4: a new research ( 研究方法；结果；评价 ) Para 5 ： solutions/suggestions （如何解决塑料颗粒进入人体的问题） 文章结构分析（说明文） 2020 广州市调研测 para. 1: Sleep, considered as lunxury by many, is essential for a person’ wellbeing. Researchers have found that insufficient sleep and tiredness increase a person’s risk of developing severer medical conditions, such as obesity… Now, a new study has found that getting suffcient sleep is also the key to improving academic performance.( 开门见山：一项新研究表明睡眠有助于提升学业表现 ) para. 2: 这项研究的初衷不是围绕 sleep&grades Para. 3: 这项研究意外发现 sleep & grades 的关系 para. 4,5,6 : 研究的具体结果（数据） : 睡眠有助于提升学业表现 para. 7: Who knew getting A’s just required some extra ZZZ’s ? Part1 ： The introduction Part 2: some background information of the new study Part 3: result of the study Part 4: the conclusion 文章结构分析（说明文） 2020 高三四校联考 C 篇 para. 1: Food experts say washing could spread the germs on your turkey in the kitchen sink or nearby food. But it’s been a challenge trying to convince cooks to stop rinsing( 冲洗 ) off law poultry. Germs that can make people sick are common in the guts of healthy poultry and are legally allowed to be on raw turkey and chicken. The assumption is that nobody eats their poultry raw, and that thorough cooking will kill the bacteria. ( 引出观点或者现象 — 专家认为在厨房清洗家禽会造成细菌污染。 ) para. 2: 为什么人们不接受不洗家禽的观点 para. 3: But food preparation is a complicated act, and germs from poultry can be spread even if it’s not washed, especially when birds are removed from packaging. （承上启下 --- 洗不洗家禽都会细菌污染） para. 4: 一项研究证明洗不洗家禽都会细菌污染 para. 5: To ensure a bird is thoroughly cooked, they say to use a thermometer to check that … To keep turkeys and other leftovers safe, experts say they should be … （解决方法） Part1 ： the introduction (an idea) Part 2 ： the reason Part 3: Analysis （ a study ） Part 4: solutions/suggestions 社科类说明文的基本结构 Introduction （引出一个现象或者观点） reason analysis: 摆事实 / 研究 （研究背景；如何开展研究；研究的结果；研究的评价 ） solutions/ conclusion 文章结构分析（议论文） 1. 论点（ CP ） --- 分点论证（举例子；列数据；对比等） -- 总结（重申论点） 2. 正反论证 Publicity offers several benefits. There are not costs for message time or space… Publicity reaches a mass audience within a shot time… Credibility about message is high, because thy are reported in independent media… Publicity also has some significant limitations. A firm has little control over messages, their timing, their placement, or their coverage by a given medium. For example, in 1982, … A firm may want publicity during certain periods, such as when a new product is introduced or new store opened, …Finally, the media decide whether to cover a story at all an the amount of coverage to be devoted to it. 正面论证（媒体报道的好处） + 论据（分点；对比 ） 反面论证（媒体报道的弊端） + 论据（分点；举例 ） 文章结构分析（记叙文） 以时间顺序（正序；倒叙）讲故事 一般没有明显的主题句，需要根据文中叙述的内容和线索来概括文章大意 ; 尾段可能出现说理或者作者情感态度的句子。 2020 广州市调研考 B 篇 Last para ： I won’t lie—I was still wishing for a hot shower and a soft bed, but as I gazed upward at the Milky Way, I knew this was an adventure I would never forget . 2016 四校联考 Last para ： I feel guilty because I was the one driving in the accident which caused Stacey’s death . I also feel proud that my daughter has helped so many people. 主旨大意题 技巧点拨： 弄清文章的体裁，文章的主线和文章的行文逻辑，那么无论是主旨题，标题，作者观点态度题，段落大意题，写作目的题，都迎刃而解了！ See the forest ！ Not just the trees. ( 心中有主线，下笔如有神 ) 主旨大意题（最佳标题） What’s the best title for the text? A. The potential Problems of Microplastics. B. Microplastics Coming From Various sources. C. Microplastics Found Within Human Bodies D. The Impact of Microplastics on Human Health. 技巧点拨： 一个好的标题应具备两个特点： 1 ．概括性 —— 准确而又简短；（范围刚刚好） 2 ．醒目性 —— 能引发读者的阅读欲望。 方法： 1. 正面肯定法；（对比文章主旨） 2. 反面否定法；（用选项反推文章内容） 范围偏大 范围太小 范围偏离主题（反推法） 主旨大意题（写作目的） 体裁 写作目的 广告 推销某种产品或某种服务，或是通过影片、电视节目、旅游景点等的介绍以吸引更多的观众、读者或游客等 社科类说明文 向人们说明某个事物；现象等 （可能会呼吁或者倡导） 议论文 论述一个道理或表达一个观点 记叙文 向人们分享经历、叙述一件事情或表达感情等 推理题设问： 1. What can we infer from paragraph two? 2. Terry’s remark suggest that ______. 3. The author implies/indicate s that_________. 4. What can we gusess about Leo? 5. What did Terry probably do in the end? 6. How did the author feel at the end of the story? 常用 infer; suggest; imply 等常规动词发问；也可能用到 could, might, can, would 等情态动词，或者 probably, most likely 等副词。 记叙文 ：推断人物行为原因；人物性格，感受等； 说明文、议论文： 推断原因，文章出处等 第三类题：推理判断题 推理判断题的干扰项 1. 张冠李戴。把不同人的观点互相替换，看似文中内容，实际上牛头不对马嘴； 2. 曲解文意。用了文中的字词或者句型，但是在容易忽略的地方换了一些词，导致实际意思与原文有出入； 3. 无中生有。符合常识，但是文中未提及，或者与题干问题无关； 4. 扩缩范围： “ 扩缩范围 ” 干扰法就是在选项中通过改变或去掉限制性词语 ( almost, all, nearly, more than, normally, usually ) ，将信息的范围、程度、感情色彩等改变，从而给考生解题造成干扰的命题方法 。 推理判断题（例题） 26 ． What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinson's decision? A ． 17% expressed their support for it. B ． Few people responded sympathetically. C ． 83% believed it had a bad influence. D ． The majority thought it was a trend. 2016· 全国卷 Ⅰ 阅读 B 节选 ) No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to adult children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obama's motherinlaw, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study by grandparents. com, 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson's decision will influence grandparents in the American family. Twothirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama's family . 曲解原意 颠倒是非 无中生有 · What’s the author’s attitude towards publicity? A. Objective. B. Doubtful. C. Passive. D. Supportive Publicity offers several benefits. There are not costs for message time or space… Publicity reaches a mass audience within a shot time… Publicity also has some significant limitations. A firm has little controal over messages, their timing, their placement, or their coverage by a given medium. 技巧点拨： 观点态度题，一方面要关注文章主旨，一方面要留意 doubt,appreciate, hate, against 等表达观点态度的词语，以及一些带有感情色彩的形容词或者特殊句式（祈使句；感叹句；反问句等） 推理判断题（观点态度题） 推理判断题（解题步骤 ） 1 ．定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点； 2 ．字面理解：理解相关信息点的字面意义； 3 ．深层理解：结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。有时候可以结合文章或者段落主旨大意作答。 1. 上下文语境分析法 （在寻找上下文信息时，要特别注意语句、语段或语篇中所存在的解释、说明或者同义、反义、对比、归纳、列举等逻辑上的联系。） 2. 构词法 （合成词，词缀词根，旧词新意 ） 第四类题：词义猜测题 词义猜测题线索 (1) 词义猜测题线索 — 重申 作者为了使某一难词或术语的含义更清楚，通常会使用常用、简明的词或词组对其进行解释，这就是重述。重述部分通过逗号与句子的其他部分隔开 ( 有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号或括号 ) 或用信号词引导。常见的信号词有： or, namely, that is, in other words, that is to say, to be more exact, to put in another way 等等。 The first clue that something was off was the man who sprinted past them. “ Running at an amazing pace,” Cassidy told Runner’s World admiringly. What does the underlined word “sprinted” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Dashed. B. Pushed. C. Jumped. D. Escaped 词义猜测题线索 (2) 词义猜测题线索 --- 同义词、近义词、反义词 在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调、重复，有时会使用意思相同或相近的词。因此，考生只要读懂上下文，知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另外一个词的意思。 …This is infuirating as, in Britain, at least, the claim is ridiculous and offensive . What does the underlined word “infuriating” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Quite interesting. B. Very annoying C. Not certain. D. Extremely abvious. 词义猜测题线索 （ 3 ）词义猜测题线索 ——— 利用上下文的逻辑进行推理，需要分析附近句子的语法和内容。 Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies, _one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses. 65 ． What does the underlined word“tyrannies”in Paragraph 2 refer to? A ． Countries where their people need help. B ． Powerful states with higher civilization. C ． Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom. D ． Governments ruled with absolute power. (4) 词义猜测题线索 --- 旧词新意、构词法 1. I had first known that she was wrong that her anxiety had clouded her judgement. (04 全国卷 ) （ v. make sb less able to think clearly or make sensible decisions ） 2. When he reached the place with his army, he found an impassable river in front of him. 词义猜测题题线索 Have a try! Most women in Ghana--- the educated and illiterate , the urban and rural, the young and old--- work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved.(C) The underlined word "illiterate" in the passage means ____. A. repeated B. reiterated. C. uneducated D. sick  When Andrea Peterson landed her first teaching job, she faced the daunting task of creating a music program with almost no money for equipment or supplies in a climate where standards-based learning was the focus and music just provided a break for students and teachers. The underlined word “daunting” in the paragraph most probably means__________. A.discouraging B.interesting C.creative D.unbearable Have a try! The above are the main reasons for this problem, and therefore we have to encourage young people to be more active, as well as steering them away from fast food shops and bad eating habits. The word "steering" underlined in the last sentence most probably means _______. A. forcing B. guiding C. driving D. moving Have a try! (2015· 福建高考阅读 E 节选 )If you're tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored, you can attend an upbeat group fitness class that'll keep your workout on track. 73 ． The underlined word“upbeat”in the second paragraph probably means “________”. A ． Cheerf ul B ． average C ． serious D ． temporary Have a try! What have we learnt? 阅读技巧： 1. 细节题（找到唯一题区；对比选项；干扰项特征） 2. 主旨大意题 （心中有主线，判断文体、 行文结构 ---- 社科类说明文；议论文；记叙文） 3. 推理题 （干扰项特点；找出深层含义；结合文章主旨） 4. 词义猜测题（上下文语境法；构词法） How to improve your reading! 1. 通关 3500+ 阅读高频词（平时阅读中出现高频词，积累下来） 2. 长难句，多分析，语法短板及时补。 3. 每天都要跟阅读题见见面，限时才有效，保持题感很重要。 4. 可以读一读比较有时效性的文章（ 21 世纪报； ChinaDaily 等） Wish you good health, great progress and perpetual happiness! THANK YOU