【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题词义猜测类试题解题指导学案(21页word版)

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题词义猜测类试题解题指导学案(21页word版)

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解词义猜测类试题解题指导学案 一 真题验证 ‎　　　　 ‎(2017·天津，C)‎ This month, Germany's transport minister, Alexander Dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles(自主驾驶车辆). They would define the driver's role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost. ‎ The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles: the grey area between semi－autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.‎ Dobrindt wants three things: that a car always chooses property(财产) damage over personal injury; that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race; and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheel—to check email, say—the car's maker is responsible if there is a crash.‎ ‎“The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving，” says Dobrindt. It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers, he says.‎ Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers. “The liability(法律责任) issue is the biggest one of them all，” says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds, UK.‎ An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, insists that a human “be watchful and monitoring the road” at every moment.‎ But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars. “When you say ‘driverless cars’， people expect ‎ driverless cars，” Merat says. “You know—no driver.”‎ Because of the confusion, Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without human operation.‎ Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University‎, ‎California. That is happening in the UK and Singapore, where government－provided driverless vehicles are being launched.‎ That would go down poorly in the US, however. “The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here，” says Calo.‎ 文章大意：这是一篇议论文。随着无人驾驶车辆的逐步推广，无人驾驶车辆出现事故时的责任认定成为一个难题。德国交通部长提出了第一套自主驾驶车辆的交通法规，并就此提出了自己的主张。‎ ‎❶　What does the phrase “death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer to？____D____‎ A．A place where cars often break down.‎ B．A case where passing a law is impossible.‎ C．An area where no driving is permitted. ‎ D．A situation where drivers' role is not clear.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据下文“the grey area between...the driverless future”对“死亡谷”的解释，可知这里的“死亡谷”指的是：半自动驾驶与完全无人驾驶的汽车之间的这片中间区域(界线不明、难以界定的领域)，故应指驾驶员的角色不明朗的情景，D项描述与之吻合。‎ ‎❷　The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to____B____.‎ A．stop people from breaking traffic rules B．help promote fully automatic driving C．protect drivers of all ages and races D．prevent serious property damage 解析：‎ 考查推理判断。根据第三段提到德国交通部长希望的三件事以及第四段说交通道路法规中关于自主驾驶车辆的这种变化将会允许完全自主驾驶的车辆投入使用(permit fully automatic driving)可知，选B。‎ ‎❸　What do consumers think of the operation of driverless cars？____D____‎ A．It should get the attention of insurance companies.‎ B．It should be the main concern of law makers.‎ C．It should not cause deadly traffic accidents.‎ D．It should involve no human responsibility.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。题干询问消费者(乘客)对于无人驾驶汽车的看法，在谈到谁应承担无人驾驶车辆的责任时，第七段说，当你说无人驾驶车辆的时候，人们以为是没有司机，从这些信息可以推断出，消费者在这种情况下会觉得没有为无人驾驶车辆的安全问题负责的人，故选D。‎ ‎❹　Driverless vehicles in public transport see no bright future in ____C____.‎ A．Singapore　 B．the ‎UK C．the US D．‎Germany 解析：考查细节理解。在谈到无人驾驶车辆在各国的前景时，最后两段谈到在英国和新加坡，由政府提供的无人驾驶车辆正在投入使用，但是在美国这种情况就会很糟糕(go down poorly in the US)，在这里，认为政府会接管无人驾驶车辆，把它们作为对公众有益的事物，这是完全行不通的(would get absolutely nowhere)，由此推断，作者觉得这种无人驾驶车辆在美国没有发展前景。故选C。‎ ‎❺　What could be the best title for the passage？____A____‎ A．Autonomous Driving: Whose Liability?‎ B．Fully Automatic Cars: A New Breakthrough C．Autonomous Vehicles: Driver Removed!‎ D．Driverless Cars: Root of Road Accidents 解析：考查主旨大意。全文把德国交通部长的提议作为引入，讲述了无人驾驶车辆的法律责任的认定，无人驾驶车辆在遇到车祸时首先应该保障的是车辆还是乘客的安全等问题，因此选A。‎ ‎　　　　 ‎(2017·全国Ⅰ，C)‎ Some of the world's most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.‎ Despite the celebrations, though, in the U．S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.‎ It's Jason Moran's job to help change __that__. As the Kennedy‎ ‎Center's artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.‎ ‎“Jazz seems like it's not really a part of the American appetite，” Moran tells National Public Radio's reporter Neal Conan. “What I'm hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black or white anymore. It's actually colorful, and it's actually digital.”‎ Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. “The music can't be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same，” says Moran.‎ Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller's music for a dance party, “just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music，” says Moran. “For me, it's the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟) on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context，” says Moran, “so I want to ‎ continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.”‎ 文章大意：本文介绍了举办第一届国际爵士乐日的宗旨、当前爵士乐面临的挑战以及如何让爵士乐重新流行的设想。‎ ‎❻　Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day？____D____‎ A．To remember the birth of jazz.‎ B．To protect cultural diversity.‎ C．To encourage people to study music.‎ D．To recognize the value of jazz.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第一段的第二句“UNESCO(United Nations Educational，Scientific and Cultural Organization)recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music，its significance，and its potential as a unifying(联合)voice across cultures”可知，联合国教科文组织近来把‎4月30日设立为国际爵士乐日，旨在增强人们对爵士乐价值的认识，故答案为D。‎ ‎❼　What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to？____C____‎ A．Jazz becoming more accessible.‎ B．The production of jazz growing faster.‎ C．Jazz being less popular with the young.‎ D．The jazz audience becoming larger.‎ 解析：考查代词指代。根据语境可知，画线词that指代上段“Despite the celebrations，though，in the U．S.the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older，and the music has failed to connect with younger generations”的内容，即爵士乐听众的数量减少并且趋于老龄化，不受年轻人喜欢的现状。故选C。‎ ‎❽　What can we infer about Moran's opinion on jazz？____C____‎ A．It will disappear gradually.‎ B．It remains black and white.‎ C．It should keep up with the times.‎ D．It changes every 50 years.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第五段的内容尤其是“It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same”可知，由于时代在改变，人们的娱乐方式已经发生改变，所以爵士乐应该随着时代改变，才能吸引更多的听众。故选C。‎ ‎❾　Which of the following can be the best title for the text？____A____‎ A．Exploring the Future of Jazz B．The Rise and Fall of Jazz C．The Story of a Jazz Musician D．Celebrating the Jazz Day 解析：考查主旨要义。本文介绍了为保护爵士乐，联合国教科文组织设立国际爵士乐日。纵观全文内容尤其是第三至第六段中提到的杰森·莫兰对爵士乐的看法及希望可知，A项“探索爵士乐的未来”作本文标题最佳。‎ ‎　　　　 ‎(2017·江苏，B)‎ Before birth, babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices. They can even distinguish their mother's voice from that of a female stranger. But when it comes to embryonic learning (胎教), birds could __rule_the_roost__. As recently reported in 　The Auk: Ornithological Advances　， some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch (孵化). New－born chicks can then imitate their mom's call within a few days of entering the world. ‎ This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kleindorfer, a biologist at Flinders University in South Australia, and her colleagues. Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their eggs. When the eggs were hatched, the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers—a sound that served as their regular “feed me！” call.‎ To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds, the ‎ researchers sought the red－backed fairy wren, another species of Australian songbird. First they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and after hatching. Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and number of notes. A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks, ranking them by similarity.‎ It turns out that baby red－backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms. And the more frequently mothers had called to their eggs, the more similar were the babies' begging calls. In addition, the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom's voice were rewarded with the most food.‎ This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological (神经系统的) strengths of children to parents. An evolutionary inference can then be drawn. “As a parent, do you invest in quality children, or do you invest in children that are in need？” Kleindorfer asks. “Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.”‎ 文章大意：研究发现胎教并非人类独有，一些鸟儿在这方面做得甚至更出色。‎ 　The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means “____B____”．‎ A．be the worst B．be the best C．be the as bad D．be just as good 解析：考查词义猜测。根据句中的转折词But与下文提到的鸟类在胎教方面做得很出色可知选择B。‎ 　What are Kleindorfer's findings based on？____A____‎ ‎ A．Similarities between the calls of moms and chicks.‎ ‎ B．The observation of fairy wrens across Australia.‎ ‎ C．The data collected from Queensland's locals.‎ ‎ D．Controlled experiments on wrens and other birds.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第二、三、四段的内容，尤其是第二段中的“the ‎ baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers”，第三段的最后一句及第四段的第二句可知，Kleindorfer的发现是基于母鸟与幼鸟发出的叫声的相似性的，因此本题答案为A。‎ 　Embryonic learning helps mother birds to identify the baby birds which ____C____.‎ ‎ A．can receive quality signals　 B. are in need of training ‎ C．fit the environment better 　　 D. make the loudest call 解析：考查细节理解。根据文章倒数第二段的最后一句和最后一段中的“An evolutionary inference can then be drawn”可知，与母鸟的叫声最相似的幼鸟可以得到最多的食物，这也能说明它符合进化论的理论：适者生存，故本题答案为C。‎ ‎　　　　 ‎(2017·全国Ⅱ，D)‎ When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn't sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short.‎ Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked. It's a plant's way of crying out. But is anyone listening? Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbors react.‎ Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, __the_tables_are_turned__. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.‎ In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors. The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.‎ Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don't know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn't a true, intentional back and forth.‎ Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There's a whole lot going on.‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了植物在受到昆虫的攻击时是如何进行自我保护的，同时引出世界比我们人类想象的要复杂得多这一观点。‎ 　What does a plant do when it is under attack？____D____‎ A．It makes noises. B. It gets help from other plants.‎ C．It stands quietly D. It sends out certain chemicals.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第一段的“young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant”可知，当植物受到攻击时，它会产生一些化学物质。故选D项。‎ 　What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3？____A____‎ A．The attackers get attacked.‎ B．The insects gather under the table.‎ C．The plants get ready to fight back.‎ D．The perfumes attract natural enemies.‎ 解析：考查句意理解。根据第三段中的“The attacker who was lunching now becomes ‎ lunch”可知，正吃午餐的袭击者变成了午餐，也就是袭击者被攻击了。故选A项。‎ 　Scientists find from their studies that plants can ____B____.‎ A．predict natural disasters B. protect themselves against insects C．talk to one another intentionally D. help their neighbors when necessary 解析：考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty”可知，植物能保护自己抵抗昆虫。故选B项。‎ 　What can we infer from the last paragraph？____C____‎ A．The world is changing faster than ever.‎ B．People have stronger senses than before.‎ C．The world is more complex than it seems.‎ D．People in Darwin's time were imaginative.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“imagined a world far busier，noisier and more intimate(亲密的)than the world we can see and hear.Our senses are weak”可推知，世界比它显现出来的更加复杂。故选C项。‎ 模拟强化 ‎　　　　 ‎(2019届·福建省毕业班质检)‎ Many managers believe that overworking is an evidence of devotion from their employees' side. Still few others regard this custom as a threat to the workers' work－life balance, which may negatively influence the level of productivity and efficiency.‎ Employees at Amsterdam design studio Helder groen won't be putting in much overtime. Not in the office, at any rate. That's because every day at 6 pm, their desks, tables and other work surfaces, with their computers attached, are lifted to the ceiling by steel cables(钢索) normally used to move heavy props (道具) in theatrical productions. If you leave a half－eaten sandwich on your desk, you're out of luck.‎ ‎“Once the chairs and other workplace __paraphernalia__ are cleared away, the space is free for everything and weekend use as a dance floor, yoga studio... or anything else you can think of－ the floor is actually yours，” director Sander Veenen daal said.‎ In a way, the office space itself is working overtime for Helder groen, bringing about lots of publicity and carrying an enlightened (开明的) message of career－life balance far and wide. “We think that doing activities like this makes it easier for people to work here，” says Veenendaal. “You know when it is time to relax or do something else that inspires you.”‎ That sounds awesome. There's just one catch. In the morning, the desks reappear and everybody has to go back to work.‎ 文章大意：本文主要介绍了阿姆斯特丹一家公司防止员工加班的创意。‎ ‎[段意梳理]　‎ 第一段：加班被许多管理者认为是工作努力的体现，而少数管理者却认为加班影响了员工的工作和生活平衡，对工作效率和生产力带来负面影响。‎ 第二段：阿姆斯特丹一家公司的员工到下班时间后就不能再加班。‎ 第三段：这家公司主管对下班后的办公场所的用途进行解释说明。‎ 第四段：下班后办公场所清场另作他用的益处。‎ 第五段：上班时办公桌椅恢复正常。‎ ‎[难句分析]　That's because every day at 6 pm, their desks, tables and other work surfaces, with their computers attached, are lifted to the ceiling by steel cables(钢索) normally used to move heavy props (道具) in theatrical productions.‎ 分析：本句是一个复合句。句中because引导表语从句；with their computers attached是with的复合结构，在句中作状语；normally used... productions是过去分词短语作后置定语。‎ 译文：这是因为每天下午6点，员工们的书桌、桌子和其他办公平台，包括固定在上面的电脑都被戏剧制作时通常用来吊沉重道具的钢索给吊到天花板上了。‎ ‎❶　What can we learn about the employees at Heldergroen？____B____‎ A．They are unwilling to work late.‎ B．They are discouraged from working overtime.‎ C．They are persuaded to leave the office earlier.‎ D．They are to put away their computers after work.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Employees at Amsterdam design studio Heldergroen won't be putting in much overtime. Not in the office, at any rate. ”并结合整段内容可推知，Heldergroen的办公场所下班后就被清场了，该公司不让员工加班，故选B。‎ ‎❷　What does the underlined word “paraphernalia” in Paragraph 3 refer to？____C____‎ A．Props. 　 B．Food.‎ C．Equipment. 　　 D．Cables.‎ 解析：考查词义猜测。根据第三段第一句中的“Once the chairs and other workplace __paraphernalia__”可推知，此处的paraphernalia和椅子一样，属于办公设备，故选C。equipment“设备，装备”。‎ ‎❸　What does the author think of the Heldergroen's office design？____A____‎ A．Creative.　　 B．Inconvenient.‎ C．Ordinary. 　　 D．Strange.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第四段的第一句以及最后一段的第一句“That sounds awesome”可推知，作者对这家公司的办公室设计很是称赞，故选A。‎ ‎　　　　 ‎(2019届·江西省南昌市十校二模)‎ American real estate (房地产) tycoon Donald Trump, whose election as US president surprised many around the world, has been unsurprisingly named Time magazine's “Person of the Year” for 2016.‎ Trump said while responding to the news, “It means a lot, especially me growing up reading Time magazine. And it's a very important magazine, and I've been lucky enough to be on the cover many times this year——and ‎ last year. But I consider this a very, very great honor.”‎ Trump has long been __obsessed_with__ having his face on the cover of magazines, something that happened more and more often as he won early polls, then Republican primaries, then the nomination, then the presidency. Trump keeps piles of these magazines in his office and with this mindset, Time's “Person of the Year'' became Trump's long－cherished wish.‎ Although the magazine featured Trump several times on its cover, it passed on naming him Person of the Year for 2015. Instead, it selected German Chancellor Angela Merkel, whom the magazine credited with opening her nation's border to hundreds of thousands of refugees (难民) and managing Europe's debt crisis. Trump did not take that news well. “I told you @ TIME Magazine would never pick me as Person of the Year' in spite of being the big favorite. They picked the person who is ruining Germany，” he said on Twitter soon after the news was announced.‎ Time managing editor Nancy Gibbs said that the decision in 2016 was easy. This title goes to a newsmaker who has influenced events for better or for worse. “When have we ever seen a single individual who has so defied (违背) expectations... beaten not one but two political parties on the way to winning an election... I don't think that we have ever seen one person, operating in such an unconventional way, have an impact on the events of the year quite like this，” Gibbs said.‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是Trump多次登上《时代周刊》封面，且终于被授予《时代周刊》的2016“年度人物”。‎ ‎❹　What do Trump's words suggest？____C____‎ A．Luck is on his side.‎ B．He deserves the award.‎ C．He feels proud of the award.‎ D．Time has a good effect on him.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“It means a lot...and I've been ‎ lucky enough to be on the cover many times this year—and last year.But I consider this a very，very great honor”可知Trump对《时代周刊》评价很高，并认为此次他被评为《时代周刊》的2016“年度人物”对他来说是一个莫大的荣幸。故选C项。‎ ‎❺　Which can replace the underlined part “obsessed with” in Paragraph 3？____D____‎ A．accustomed to B．angry about C．tired of D．addicted to 解析：考查词义猜测。根据下文中的“Troump keeps piles of these magazines in his office and with this mindset，Time's‘Person of the Year’ became Trump's long－cherished wish”可知Trump对登上杂志封面着迷(be addicted to)。‎ ‎❻　What can we infer from Paragraph 4？____B____‎ A．Merkel ruined Germany.‎ B．Merkel was “Person of the Year” for 2015.‎ C．Trump thought well of Merkel.‎ D．Trump won “Person of the Year” twice.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Although the magazine featured Trump several times on its cover, it passed on naming him ‘Person of the Year’ for 2015.Instead，it selected German Chancellor Angela Merkel”可知，虽然Trump多次出现在《时代周刊》的封面上，但是2015年《时代周刊》选了Merkel作为“年度人物”，而不是Trump。所以排除D，选B。‎ ‎❼　Why was Trump elected as Time's “Person of the Year” for 2016？____D____‎ A．He's been on its cover many times.‎ B．He is the newly elected president.‎ C．He is the favorite of the magazine.‎ D．He was highly influential in the year.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“This title goes to a newsmaker who has influenced events for better or for worse. ‘When have we ever ‎ seen a single individual who has so defied(违背)expectations...have an impact on the events of the year quite like this，’”可知，Trump在2016年有极大的影响力，这是其当选2016“年度人物”的原因所在。故选D。‎ ‎　　　　 ‎(2019届·四川省成都市二诊)‎ What are your retirement plans? Keep working? Get more exercise? Or learn something new? You may __put_them_on_hold__. There's a chance that, sooner or later, you might have to move further than you were thinking, as far as Mars (火星)．‎ On Thursday, National Geographic will show the first ever Mars show home, giving earthings an idea of what their life could look like on the Red Planet. Set in the not－so－distant year of 2037, the igloo－shaped structure could be the home of your future.‎ It shows a house built using recycled spacecraft parts and Martian soil, called regolith, which has been microwaved into bricks. Some parts of the home are recognisable—kitchen, bedroom—but there are fundamental differences that are vital for human survival.‎ As the Martian atmosphere is around one hundredth as thick as the Earth's, people will need permanent shelter from the sun and society will move largely indoors. Most buildings will be connected by underground passages and the houses won't have windows. The homes will have simulated solar lighting, or natural light that has been bent several times.‎ Walls will need to be 10 to 12 feet thick, to protect people from dangerous rays that can pass through six feet of steel, and a double air－locked entrance to keep the home under proper pressure.‎ ‎“We don't think of our houses as things that keep us alive, but on Mars your house will be a survival centre，” says Stephen Petranek, author of How We'll Live on Mars. This is not just the stuff of sci－fi. “Ten to twenty years from now there will certainly be people on Mars，” Petranek says.‎ ‎“We've had the technology for 30 years to land people on Mars, but we haven't had the will，” Petranek says. “But two main factors have completely swung public attitudes.” ‎ The private companies' participation has forced government agencies to up their game, and influential films such as Gravity and The Martian have caught society's eye.‎ 文章大意：本文主要对人类未来在火星上居住作了相关介绍。‎ ‎[段意梳理]　‎ 第一段：人们对退休后的设想，其中之一是在火星上居住。‎ 第二段：《国家地理》将展示未来火星上的样板房。‎ 第三至五段：火星上样板房的细节介绍。‎ 第六段：在火星上生活是未来趋势。‎ 第七至八段：虽然已拥有登上火星的相关技术，但人们没有意愿去实践，而两种因素已改变人们的看法。‎ ‎[难句分析]　On Thursday, National Geographic will show the first ever Mars show home, giving earthings an idea of what their life could look like on the Red Planet.‎ 分析：本句是一个复合句。what引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语；giving...Red Planet是现在分词短语作状语。‎ 译文：周四，《国家地理》会展出第一个火星样板房，让世人对他们在火星上的生活是什么模样有所了解。‎ ‎❽　What can we know about the show home from the text？____B____‎ A．It has no windows or doors due to security concern.‎ B．Its design presents the idea of environmental protection.‎ C．It has thick walls keeping the home under proper pressure.‎ D．Its underground passages connect all the buildings together.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第三段的第一句“It shows a house built using recycled spacecraft parts and Martian soil, called regolith, which has been microwaved into ‎ bricks.”可推知，火星样板房的设计采用了可回收的宇宙飞船上的一些部件，体现了环保意识，故选B。‎ ‎❾　What do the underlined words “put them on hold” in Paragraph 1 probably mean？____A____‎ A．Put them off. ‎ B．Give them away.‎ C．Carry them through. ‎ D．Take them seriously.‎ 解析：考查词义猜测。根据第一段的最后一句“There's a chance that, sooner or later, you might have to move further than you were thinking, as far as Mars (火星)”可推知，之前的列举都可能被搁置下来，而去火星居住迟早会成为可能，故选A。‎ 　According to Petranek, what has sped up the process of sending people to Mars？____C____‎ A．The great influence of Mars show home.‎ B．The development of related technology.‎ C．The competition from private companies.‎ D．The popularity of influential books on Mars.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据最后一段的“The private companies' participation has forced government agencies to up their game”可推知，Petranek认为一些私人企业的参与促进了送人类去火星居住这一设想的进程，故选C。‎ 　What is the best title for the text？____D____‎ A．Living on Mars: Possible or Not B．Sending People to Mars: Yes or No C．First Ever Show Home: How Is It Made D．Future Home on Mars: What Will It Be like 解析：考查标题判断。根据全文的整体内容可推知，本文主要对人类未来在火星上居住作了相关介绍，故选D。‎ ‎　　　　 ‎(2019届·七省七校联考)‎ Some people call it a traveling museum. Others refer to it as a living or open－air museum. Built in Brazil to honor Columbus' first voyage to the New World, the Nina, a Columbus－era replica (复制品) ship, provides visitors with an accurate visual of the size and sailing equipment of Columbus' favorite ship from over 500 years ago.‎ I joined the crew of the Nina in Gulf Shores, Alabama, in February 2013. As part of a research project sponsored by my university, my goal was to document my days aboard the ship in a blog. I quickly realized that I gained the most valuable insights when I observed or gave tours to school－age children. The field－trip tour of the Nina is hands－on learning at its best. In this setting, students could touch the line, pass around a ballast stone(压舱石), and move the extremely large tiller that controlled the direction of the ships in Columbus' days. They soon came to understand the labor involved in sailing the ship back in his time. I was pleased to see the students become active participants in their learning process.‎ The Nina is not the only traveling museum that provides such field trips. A visit to Jamestown Settlement, for example, allows visitors to board three recreations of the ships that brought the first settlers from England to Virginia in the early 1600s. Historical guides, dressed in period costumes, give tours of the Susan Constant, Godspeed, and Discovery. These guides often portray a character that would have lived and worked during that time period. Students touring these ships are encouraged to interact with the guides in order to better understand the daily life in the past.‎ My experience on the Nina helps testify (证实)my long－held belief that students stay interested, ask better questions, and engage (参与)in higher－order thinking tasks when they are actively engaged in the learning process. __The_students_who_boarded_the_Nina_came ‎ as_passive_learners._They_left_as_bold_explorers.__‎ 文章大意：本文介绍了哥伦布航海时的航船的复制品Nina，它是一个开放的博物馆。学生参观这一特殊的博物馆可以积极主动参与学习。‎ ‎[段意梳理]　‎ 第一段：哥伦布航海时的航船的复制品Nina为游客提供了准确了解这一航船的机会。‎ 第二段：在游览中，作者负责为学龄儿童介绍航船的知识。‎ 第三段：介绍另外一个与该航船复制品类似的博物馆。‎ 第四段：通过游览，孩子们能积极主动参与学习。‎ ‎[难句分析]　In this setting, students could touch the line, pass around a ballast stone(压舱石), and move the extremely large tiller that controlled the direction of the ships in Columbus' days.‎ 分析：该句为主从复合句。句中that controlled the direction of the ships in Columbus' days为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词tiller。‎ 译文：在这里学生可以触摸船缆，传阅压舱石，移动特大的哥伦布时代用以控制航向的舵柄。‎ 　What occupation is the author engaged in？____B____‎ A．Shipping. ‎ B．Education.‎ C．Ecological tourism. ‎ D．Museum administration.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第二段的第三句“I quickly realized that I gained the most valuable insights when I observed or gave tours to school－age children”可知，作者在给学龄儿童介绍有关航船复制品Nina的历史知识；据此可以判断，作者从事的是教育行业，故B项正确。‎ 　Which of the following is true about the Nina introduced in the passage？____D____‎ A．She is a replica of a ship that Columbus built in Brazil.‎ B．She is always crowded with foreign tourists during holidays.‎ C．She is the boat Columbus sailed in his voyage to the New World.‎ D．She displays what Columbus' ship was like and how it operated.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第一段最后一句中的“provides visitors with an accurate visual of the size and sailing equipment of Columbus' favorite ship”可知，Nina为人们提供了哥伦布的航船的原貌；根据第二段的“In this setting, students could touch the line, pass around a ballast stone(压舱石), and move the extremely large tiller that controlled the direction of the ships in Columbus' days.”可知，Nina还提供了如何操作该航船的方法，故D项正确。‎ 　What is the third paragraph mainly about？____D____‎ A．Guidelines for visitors on the ships.‎ B．Life of the first settlers in Jamestown Settlement.‎ C．Duties of the guides in the British museums.‎ D．Introduction to another museum similar to the Nina.‎ 解析：考查段落大意。根据第三段的“The Nina is not the only traveling museum...A visit to Jamestown Settlement, for example, allows visitors to board three recreations of the ships that brought the first settlers”可知，第三段主要介绍了另一个与Nina类似的航行博物馆，故D项正确。‎ 　What does the author mean by the last two sentences of the passage？____B____‎ A．The students are interested in becoming tour guides.‎ B. The experience has changed the students' learning attitude.‎ C．The students become brave and are ready to sail the seas on their own.‎ D．The museums are successful in teaching the students survival skills at sea.‎ 解析：考查句意理解。根据文章最后两句可知，登上了哥伦布航船复制品Nina的学生成了主动学习的学生，他们成了知识的勇敢探索者。据此可以判断，最后两句意在说明，这种游览改变了学生的学习态度，故B项正确。‎