2020届二轮复习短文语法填空分类解题指导之六：介词

2020届二轮复习短文语法填空分类解题指导之六：介词

‎2020届二轮复习短文语法填空分类解题指导之六：介词 ‎(一)考点练悟(用适当的介词填空)‎ I was in a restaurant. I noticed an elderly couple 1.________ a balloon tied to their table. When I asked them what the occasion was, they told me it was their 50th wedding anniversary. I was glad and sad 2.________ them at the same time. I was glad because they still cherished each other. I was sad because they were 3.________ their own, without any children or friends. After I went back to my table I thought I should pay their bill. I tried to do it, and the restaurant manager and the waitresses asked me curiously who they were 4.________ me. Finally, I told them I worked in a church and felt it was my duty to do so. The elderly couple were surprised and speechless when told a total stranger had paid 5.________ them. All of us were nearly 6.________ tears: the couple, the manager, the waitresses and me.‎ Two months later I got a call 7.________ a newspaper telling me my simple act of kindness was reported. I wasn't expecting anything ‎ 8.________ return, but I became famous 9.________ that act of kindness. What would and could happen 10.________ us if we always practice such acts of kindness on family, friends, neighbors and strangers?‎ 答案：1.with　2.for　3.on　4.to　5.for　6.in　7.from　8.in　9.for　10.to ‎(二)快捷技法 思考趋向 ‎1．若空格后是名词、代词或动名词，且它们在句中不是作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，那么空格处一般是填介词。(如题1，7 )‎ ‎2．看空格前的动词或形容词，若空格处能与之构成固定搭配，且空格后的成分又作宾语，那么空格处一般填介词。(如题2，3, 9, 10)‎ 解题规则 ‎1．根据固定搭配选择介词 介词在固定搭配中的考查主要有以下几种形式：‎ ‎(1)介词与名词的搭配 ‎(2)介词与形容词的搭配 ‎(3)介词与动词的搭配 ‎2．掌握介词的基本意义 ‎(1)表示时间的in, on, at ‎①in表示在某段较长的时间内(如世纪、年代、月份等)或泛指上午、下午、晚上等。‎ ‎②on表示在具体的日子或具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上等。‎ ‎③at表示某个时间点、时刻等。 ‎ ‎(2)表示时间的in和after ‎①in表示“在……时间之内/之后”，所在的句子必须表示将来。‎ ‎②after表示“在……时间之后”，通常“after＋时间段”与过去时连用。‎ ‎(3)表示方位的through和across ‎①through表示“从……的内部穿过”。 ‎ ‎②across表示“从……表面穿过”。‎ ‎(4)表示交通方式的by和on/in ‎①by后可直接跟涉及和不涉及交通工具的名词，名词前不加冠词。‎ ‎②on/in后跟交通工具时，名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。‎ ‎(5)表示“用……”的by, in, with ‎①by指“靠……手段，用……方法，凭借……”，后可接名词、代词或动名词。‎ ‎②in多用于表示语言、材料的名词前。‎ ‎③with多用于表示工具或身体器官的名词前。‎ ‎(6)表示“除……之外”的besides和except ‎①besides表示“除……之外还……”。‎ ‎②except表示“除……之外”。 ‎ ‎3．其他常考的介词 with ‎(1)(表示状态)具有，带有 ‎(2)(表示伴随)随着 ‎(3)(表示原因)由于，因为 ‎(4)(表示关系)和……一起 ‎(5)构成with复合结构 against ‎(1)(表示态度)反对 ‎(2)(表示对比)以……为背景 ‎(3)(表示方位)倚靠着……‎ of ‎(1)表示“……的”‎ ‎(2)“of＋n.”相当于该名词对应的形容词 for ‎“for＋时间段”表示“长达……”‎ despite 尽管，虽然 without 如果没有 beyond 超出，超越 ‎(一)考点练悟 下文中共有6处错误，每句中最多有两处。请找出并改正。‎ Studying on the UK has been a good experience for me. When I first arrived, I found life very hard as I didn't know anybody here, but I soon got to know other Chinese students at the university. Later I became interested communicating to people from various cultures, and I made more friends.‎ During my study, I chose to live in my classmates in the dormitory. I think it's better than living in a British family because of I can meet people from different countries easily. The courses here are excellent. I enjoy the way the teachers give lessons. We are encouraged to think for ourselves, which is quite different with what I have experienced before.‎ 答案：第一句：on→in 第三句：interested后加in; to→with 第四句：第一个in→with 第五句：去掉of 第八句：with→from ‎(二)快捷技法 思考趋向 ‎1．判断介词与其后的名词搭配是否得当。‎ ‎2．判断介词与前面的动词或形容词的搭配是否得当或存在多余、遗漏的情况。‎ ‎3．判断固定搭配中的介词是否被篡改。‎ 解题规则 ‎1．介词的错用 介词基本 用法的错用 有时我们会受汉语的影响错用介词，例如：“在……帮助下”，英语应用with the help of而不是under the help of。‎ 固定搭配中 介词的错用 介词可与名词、动词、形容词等构成固定搭配，其中的介词是固定的。有时搭配中介词不同，意义也不同。‎ ‎2．介词的多余与缺失 介词的多余 及物动词后可以直接跟宾语，无需再加介词；last, next等后跟名词表时间时无需加介词。‎ 介词的缺失 不及物动词后跟宾语时应加相应的介词。‎ 注意固定搭配中介词的有无。‎ ‎[课堂应用体验]‎ Ⅰ.语法填空 ‎(2019·安徽五校联盟第二次检测)Dragon Headsraising Day, __1__ falls each year on the second day of the second lunar month, is one of the Chinese traditional festivals. As the proverb goes, “The dragon is awake, __2__ (raise) its head.” On this day, dragons, a prominent totem (图腾) in Chinese culture raise __3__ (they) heads ‎ with the sound of thunder. Around this time, the earth __4__ (burst) with life. Grass and trees are beginning to shoot up. In ancient China, people __5__ (pray) beside a river or a lake for the precious spring rain to breed their crops.‎ ‎ __6__ (tradition), food eaten on this day was renamed after parts of the dragon. For instance, wontons were called “dragon's eyes”. The special __7__ (food) usually eaten on this day include dragon's scales, popcorn and pig's heads.‎ In Shanxi, people get their hair __8__ (cut) in a symbolic move to remove the old and embrace the new. In __9__ countryside in Hebei Province, people would fetch water from a well at dawn. It was believed __10__ on this day the well was full of dragon eggs which would bring the collector a good harvest.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了农历二月二时中国的传统风俗。‎ ‎1．which　考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为“Dragon Headsraising Day”，空处在从句中作主语，故用which引导该定语从句。‎ ‎2．raising　考查非谓语动词。该句主语“The dragon”和动词raise为逻辑上的主谓关系，此处作伴随状语，故用其现在分词形式。‎ ‎3．their　考查代词。空处修饰后面的名词“heads”，故用形容词性物主代词their，表示“他们的头”。‎ ‎4．is bursting　考查固定用法。根据常识并结合语境可知，大概就是这个时候，大地生机勃勃。此处考查固定用法be bursting with sth.，表示“充满某物”；且该句主语为“the earth”，为第三人称单数，且此处叙述的为客观情况，故谓语动词用is。故填is bursting。‎ ‎5．would pray/prayed　考查动词的时态。该处可以看成在古代人们在二月二将要做的动作，故用过去将来时；根据该句的时间状语“In ancient China”可知，该处陈述的是发生在中国古代的事情，故也可用一般过去时。‎ ‎6．Traditionally　考查副词。空处修饰整个句子，故用其副词形式。‎ ‎7．foods　考查名词的单复数。根据该句中的“include dragon's scales, popcorn and pig's heads”可知，这一天人们吃多种食物，且谓语动词“include”为复数，故空处用food的复数形式。‎ ‎8．cut　考查固定用法。分析该句结构可知，此处考查固定用法get sth. done，表示“使某事发生”。‎ ‎9．the　考查冠词。根据语境可知，该处特指“河北的乡下”，故用定冠词the。‎ ‎10．that　考查主语从句。分析该句结构可知，该句中的“It”为形式主语，真正主语是空处引导的主语从句；且该从句为陈述句，故用that引导该主语从句。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 ‎(2019·大庆市第一次质量检测)About two years ago a new ‎ project was started in our school. I was working with one of my schoolmate. We had never work together before but we got along well. After the project, we started to spend some time together in school. One day we decided to take walk. Ever since that walk we had been best friends.‎ However, it hasn't only been such easy. We have gone through both easy and hard times. But I'm specially grateful to the hard times, because they have taught me a lot. My best friend has changed we. She has made me to believe in myself. And now I am focusing on achieve one of my biggest dreams. Without her, I wouldn't even have realized that my biggest dream is.‎ 答案：第二句：schoolmate→schoolmates 第三句：work→worked 第五句：walk前加a 第六句：had→have 第七句：such→so 第九句：to→for 第十句：we→us 第十一句：去掉to 第十二句：achieve→achieving 第十三句：that→what