【英语】2018届二轮复习连词与状语从句学案

【英语】2018届二轮复习连词与状语从句学案

二轮复习 连词与状语从句学案 一、考点梳理。‎ ‎1.考查in case引导的状语从句 ‎ 根据语境的不同，in case既可表示“如果”、“万一”，引导条件状语从句：也可表示“以防（万一）”，引导目的状语从句。 ‎ ‎ 【例】 Leave your key with a neighbor____you lock yourself out one day.‎ ‎ A. ever since B.even if C.soon after D. in case ‎ 答案为D。in case在此引导目的状语从句。句意为：给你的邻居留一把钥匙，以防哪天你把自己锁在外面。‎ ‎ 【例】My parents live in a small village. They always keep candles in the house__there is a power cut. ‎ ‎ A. if B.unless C.in case D. so that ‎ 答案为C。in case在此引导目的状语从句，意为“以防”。‎ ‎2.考查before引导的状语从句 ‎ 尤其要注意“It+be+--段时间+before...”这一句型。‎ ‎ 【例】 The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time____we meet them again. ‎ ‎ A. after B.before C.since D.when ‎ 答案为B。it will be a long time before...的意思是“要过很久才会……”。‎ ‎ 【例】He was told that it would be at least three more months____he could recover and return to work. ‎ ‎ A. when B.before C.since D. that ‎ 答案为B it was some time before...的意思是“在……之前过了一段时间”，通常可转译为“过了一段时间才……”。又如：It was a long time before I got to sleep again．过了好久我才又睡着。‎ ‎3.考查while引导的状语从句 ‎ 尤其要注意while表示“尽管”、“虽然”时的用法（此时它引导的不是时间状语从句，而是让步状语从句一一此用法许多同学并不熟悉，值得特别注意）。 ‎ ‎ 【例】____I really don't like art,I find his work impressive. ‎ ‎ A. As B.Since C.If D.While ‎ 答案为Do while在此表示“尽管”、“虽然”，又如：While the question was difficult to answer,it was interesting．尽管问题很难回答，但很有趣。‎ ‎ 另外，while表示对比的用法也值得注意（此时它表示“而”）。例如：‎ ‎【例】The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain,__the quality of life is probably one of the highest. ‎ ‎ A. since B.when C.as D.while ‎ 答案为Do while在此表示“而”。‎ ‎4.考查when引导的状语从句 ‎ 对于when的用法，同学们最熟悉的是表示“当……的时候”。 ‎ ‎ 【例】 --Where's that report? ‎ ‎ --I gave it to you___you came in.‎ ‎ A. if B.when C.because D. before ‎ 答案为B。将四个选项逐一填入空格处，只有填when时，意思最通顺。句意为：当你进来时我就给你了。 需要注意的是，when还有…个用法，就是表示“既然”，也是一个值得注意的考点。例如：‎ ‎【例】 Why do you want a new pen__you've got such a good one already? ‎ ‎ A. that B.where C.which D. when ‎ 答案为D。when在此表示“既然”。 还有一点也需注意，就是when表示“这时（突然）”的用法。例如：‎ ‎【例】I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel_____I heard the steps．‎ ‎ A. while B.when C.since D. after ‎【例】 He was about halfway through his meal__a familiar voice came to his ears. ‎ ‎ A. why B.where C.when D.while ‎ 以上两题答案均选when，其意均表示“这时”。‎ ‎5.考查unless引导的状语从句 ‎ unless的意思是“如果不……”、“除非”，对于涉及unless的考题，一般只要能读懂句意，弄清语境，就不会有问题。 ‎ ‎ 【例】 Most birds find it safe to sleep in the trees, but__they have eggs or young chicks, they don't use a nest. ‎ ‎ A. why B.how C.unless D.where ‎【例】I won't call you,__ __something unexpected happens. ‎ ‎ A. unless B.whether C.because D.while ‎ 以上两题答案为均选unless，其意均表示“除非”。‎ ‎6.考查until引导的状语从句 ‎ until的意思是“直到……时”、“在……之前”，对于涉及until的考题，一般只要能读懂句意，弄清语境，就不会有问题。 ‎ ‎【例】 It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life____we've actually had that lesson. ‎ ‎ A. until B.after C.since D.when ‎ 答案为A。将四个选项逐一填入空格处，只有填until时，意思最通顺。‎ ‎ 另外，还要注意not...until...这一句式（直到……才……）。例如：‎ ‎ 【例】"You can't have this football back____you promise not to kick it at my cat again," the old man said firmly. ‎ ‎ A. because B.since C.when D.until ‎ 答案为D。until与前面的not相呼应，表示“直到……才……”。‎ ‎7.考查once引导的状语从句 ‎ once的意思是“一旦”，对于涉及once的考题，一般只要能读懂句意，弄清语境，就不会有问题。 ‎ ‎【例】You will be successful in the interview____you have confidence. ‎ ‎ A. before B.once C.until D.though ‎【例】——environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem（生态系统）to recover.(2006江苏卷)‎ ‎ A. Even if B.If only C.While D.Once ‎ 两道题均选once，均表示“一旦”。‎ ‎8.考查where引导的状语从句 ‎ where可以用于引导地点状语从句，其意为“在……的地方”，此用法许多同学都不熟悉，但高考经常考查，应引起特别注意。 ‎ ‎ --Mom, what did your doctor say?‎ ‎ --He advised me to live____there are many trees. ‎ A. in where B.in which C.the place where D. where 答案为D。where引导地点状语从句，表示“在……的地方”。‎ ‎9.考查-ever引导的状语从句 ‎ whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever等引导状语从句时，其意相当于no matter what (who, how, when, where)等。 ‎ ‎ 【例】In peace, too, the Red Cross is expected to send help__there is human suffering. ‎ ‎ A. whoever B.however C.whatever D. wherever ‎ 答案为D。 wherever意为“无论什么地方”，意义上相当于no matter where。又如：Being recognized wherever you go is the price you pay for being famous.出名所付出的代价是不管你走到哪里，都会被人认出来。‎ 二、要点点拨。‎ 一、时间状语从句 ‎1．when．while与as---必记考点 ‎①如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when，while与as可互换使用。‎ ‎ When/While/As l was walking down the street,I came across an old friend of mine.‎ ‎ 当我沿着街走的时候，遇见了一个老朋友。‎ ‎②while可作并列连词，表示对比，意为“而，却”。‎ ‎ He is a worker while I am a doctor．他是工人而我是医生。‎ ‎③when可连接并列句，意为“就在那时”(=and then或and at that time)，常用于以下句式：‎ ‎ sb．was doing sth．when...‎ ‎ sb．was about to do sth．when... ‎ ‎ sb．was on the point of doing sth. when...‎ ‎ sb．was just going to do sth. when...‎ ‎ The baby was on the point of crying when her mother came home．那婴儿刚要哭，这时她母亲回家了。‎ ‎ I was just going to explain when the bell rang.‎ ‎ 我正要解释，突然钟声响了。‎ ‎【例】She had just finished her homework her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. ‎ A. when B. while C. after D. since ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎2．名词短语引导的时间状语从句the time/moment/minute/instant, the day,the year,the first/second ‎ time,each/every time, next time,any time.‎ ‎ The day he returned home, his father was already dead.他回到家的那天，他父亲已经去世了。‎ ‎3.as soon as, immediately, directly, the moment, the minute,no sooner.., than..., hardly/scarcely.., when..., one….一旦……就……） ‎ ‎ 这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一旦发生，主句的动作就随即发生，常意为“一……就……”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。‎ ‎ No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left. 我们刚到车站火车就开走了。‎ ‎ 注意：no sooner.., than...与hardly/scarcely.., when...这些结构的时态搭配：主句谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的从句应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，主句应用部分倒装语序。‎ ‎ Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.‎ ‎ 我刚到家天就下起雨来。‎ ‎4.till.until与not.., until ‎ (1)肯定句：主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词，主句、从句都为肯定式，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。‎ ‎ He remained there until she arrived.‎ ‎ 他一直在那儿直到她来。‎ ‎ (2)否定句：主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。‎ ‎ She won't go to bed till/until her mother returns.‎ ‎ 直到妈妈回来她才上床睡觉。‎ ‎ (3)句首多用until，不用till;在强调结构中或与not连用时，多用until，不用till。‎ ‎ (4)not... until...的句式变换。‎ ‎ Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.(not until置于句首，主句用部分倒装)‎ ‎ 直到你告诉我，我才对它有点儿印象。‎ ‎5．before与since ‎ (1)若表达“还未……就……；不到……就……；……才……，趁，还没来得及”时，须用连词before。‎ ‎ The train had already left before I arrived.‎ ‎ 火车已经开走了我才到。‎ ‎ (2)It will be+段时间+before...多久之后才……‎ ‎ It will be half a year before I come back.‎ ‎ 还有半年我就回来了。‎ ‎ It won't be long before we meet again.‎ ‎ 离我们再见面不会很久了。‎ ‎ (3)since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，如果从句的谓语动词是延续性的，或是状态动词，若其时态是一般过去时，则时间的起点应从动作的完成或状态的结束时算起。‎ ‎ I haven't heard from him since he lived here.‎ ‎ 从他不住这儿起，我一直没有收到他的信。‎ ‎ 如果从句时态是现在完成时，则时间的起点应从动作的发生或状态开始时算起。试比较：‎ ‎ I've written her 20 letters since I have been here.‎ ‎ 自从我到这儿来（从开始算起），我已经给她写了20封信了。‎ ‎ I have written her 20 letters since l was here.‎ ‎ 自从我离开这儿以来（从结束算起），我已经给她写了20封信了。‎ ‎ (4)在“It is+段时间+since从句”句型中，时间的计算一律从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。‎ It is three years since I smoked (----since I stopped smoking).‎ 我不吸烟有3年了。‎ ‎ 如果要表达“我吸烟有3年了”应为：‎ ‎ It is three years since I began to smoke.‎ 二、地点状语从句 ‎1．引导地点状语从句的连词有：where，wherever，anywhere，everywhere，nowhere等。‎ ‎ Wherever there is smoke,there is a fire.‎ ‎ 无火不生烟（无风不起浪）。‎ ‎2．地点状语从句与定语从句的转化：地点状语从句只要在where前加上to/in/from the place，便可变为定语从句。‎ ‎【例】 The little girl who got lost decided to remain _________she was and wait tor her mother. ‎ A. where B. what C. how D. who ‎【答案】A　‎ ‎【解析】本题考查连词，remain是系动词，后加表语从句，由句意可知，从句缺地点状语，所以选A。‎ 三、原因状语从句 ‎ 1．引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because．since，now that，seeing that，considering that，每个连词的含义不尽相同。‎ ‎ 2. because,as与since/now that 区别 ‎ 位置 ‎ 内涵 语气 能否回答 ‎ why 能否被强调 because 因为 主句前或后 直接因果关系 强 ‎ 能 ‎ 能 as由于 主句前或后 ‎ since/now that 既然 ‎ 主句前 双方都知道的原因 弱 ‎ 不能 ‎ 不能 ‎ Now that/Since everybody is here,let's begin our meeting.‎ ‎ 既然大家都在这强，藏们开始开会嗯。‎ 注意：‎ ‎(1) for作连词也有“因为”的意思，但for是并列连词，连接并列分句。‎ We should be more Careful,for it is already dark.‎ ‎ 天色已晚，我们应更小心些。‎ ‎(2) when也可引导原因状语从句，意为“既然”。‎ How can he succeed when he won't work?‎ ‎ 既然他不肯工作，那他怎么会成功呢？‎ ‎(3)一些介词短语可表示原因：because of，thanks to，due to，‎ ‎ owing to等。‎ ‎ 四、目的状语从句 ‎ for fear that,in case 与lest.‎ ‎ 这些从属连词（词组）引导的目的状语从句中谓语动词要用(should+)动词原形，它本身带有否定意义，相当于so that...not…或in order that… not…。‎ ‎ The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him．‎ ‎ 这个男孩躲在树后，以免他的父亲看到他。‎ 注意：‎ 目的状语从句可用so as to，in order to等不定式来替换，但主 句与从句主语须一致。‎ He ran fast so that he might arrive there before ten o'clock.‎ ‎=He ran fast so as to arrive there before ten o'clock.‎ 他快跑以便在10点以前赶到那里。‎ 如果主句与从句的主语不一致，要用for引导不定式的逻辑主语。‎ My mother gets up early every morning to cook breakfast so that I can go to school on time.‎ ‎=…so as for me/in order for me to go to school on time.‎ 妈妈每天早晨早起做早饭，以便我能按时到校。‎ ‎ 五、条件状语从句 ‎ 引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if，unless（一if．．．not除非），so (as) long as（只要），in case（万一），on condition that（条件是），suppose/supposing（假设，用于问句），provided/providing that等。‎ ‎ Suppose/Supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?‎ ‎ 假设他们拒绝了我们，我们该向谁寻求帮助？ ‎ 注意：‎ while可引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”。‎ There will be life while there is water and air.‎ 只要有水和空气，就会有生命。‎ ‎【例】 Owen wouldn’t eat anything ____________ he cooked it himself ‎ ‎ A. until B. since C. unless D. while ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎ 七、方式状语从句 ‎ 引导方式状语从句的从属连词有：as，as if,as though。‎ ‎ 1．当as if/though引导的方式状语从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大的可能性时，通常用陈述语气。‎ ‎ I feel as if I have a fever.我觉得我好像发烧了。‎ ‎ 2．当从句中所表示的情况不是事实时，通常用虚拟语气，现在的情况用过去时态，过去的情况用过去完成时。‎ ‎ The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.‎ ‎ 那位老妇人对待那个男孩就好像他是她自己的儿子。‎ 八、让步状语从句 ‎1．although/though（尽管，虽然），even though/even if（即使），as(虽然)等引导让步状语从句。‎ ‎ (1) although与though ‎ although与though意思相同，一般可互换，都可以与yet，still或nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。‎ ‎ Although/Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.‎ 虽然雨下得很大，他们仍然继续踢足球。 ‎ 注意：‎ ‎①though还可用作副词，意为“可是，然而”，置于句末。‎ ‎ He said he would come; he didn't, though.‎ ‎ 他说他会来，可是他没有来。‎ ‎②though引导的让步状语从句还可用于倒装结构，此时用法同as。‎ ‎【例】 ______ the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it, they could not arrest him.‎ A. Although B. As long as C. If only D. As soon as ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查从属连词的用法。根据句意，引导让步状语从句。故选A。‎ ‎ (2)as ‎ ‎ as引导的从句一般放在主句之前，须用倒装语序。从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是可数名词单数，前置时要省略不定冠词。‎ ‎ Much as I like it,I won't buy it,for it's too expensive.‎ ‎ 虽然我很喜欢它，但我不会买的，因为它太贵了。‎ ‎ (3)even though/even if ‎ 这两个连接词引导的从句表示更强的让步，常译为“再退一步说”，有时可用虚拟语气。‎ ‎ Even if l were busy,I would go to see you off. 即使忙我也要去给你送行。‎ ‎2．whether.., or...（不管……还是……）；疑问词+ever与no matter+疑问词（不管……；无论……）引导让步状语从句。‎ ‎ Whether you believe it or not,it is true.不管你信还是不信，它是真的。‎ ‎ Whoever you are(一No matter who you are), you must obey the rules.不管你是谁，都必须遵守规则。‎ ‎ 注意：whoever，whatever，whomever与whichever还可以引导名词性从句。而No matter+疑问词只引导让步状语从句。‎ ‎ You can take whatever you like.（宾语从句）喜欢什么，你就拿什么。 ‎ ‎3．有时when和while也可引导让步状语从句。 ‎ ‎ While he was respected,he was not liked.‎ ‎ 他虽受到尊敬，但没有受到喜爱。‎ ‎ He walks when he might ride.他虽有车可坐，却还是步行。 ‎ 九、由分词转化成的连词 ‎1．现在分词 ‎ 由现在分词转化成的连词有：seeing考虑到；supposing即使，如果；providing如果；considering考虑到；granting即使。‎ ‎ Granting that you've made some progress, you should not be conceited.‎ 即使你取得了一些进步，你也不应该盲目自大。‎ ‎ Considering you are newcomers, you've adjusted very well.‎ ‎ 鉴于你们是新手，你们已经调整得很好了。‎ ‎2．过去分词 由过去分词转化成的连词有：provided如果，以……为条件；granted即使；given就……而言。‎ Granted that he has enough money to buy the house, it doesn't mean that he's going to do so.‎ ‎ 即使他有足够的钱买这所房子，他也不一定会这样做。‎ 十、比较状语从句 ‎1．as... as这种结构可以用于同程度的比较，否定句用not so/as.., as。‎ ‎2．as和than连接的比较状语从句常可省去同主句相同的部分。‎ ‎3．the…，the…结构后跟adj.或adv.的比较级，意为“越……，越……”。‎ 十一、状语从句的省略 ‎ 有些表示时间、地点、条件、方式或让步的状语从句，如果谓语动词含有be动词，主语又和主句中的 主语一致，或者主语是it，常把从句中的主语和be动词省略掉。‎ ‎ Look out for cars when crossing the street.‎ ‎ 穿过街道的时候要小心车辆。‎ 三、误区警示。‎ ‎◆典型陷阱题分析◆‎ ‎1. “May I go and play with Dick this afternoon, Mum?” “No, you can’t go out _______ your work is being done.”‎ A. before B. until C. as D. the moment ‎【陷阱】容易误选B，误认为这是考查 not…until…结构。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案选 C。句中的 your work is being done 表明“你正在做作业”，选 as 表原因。‎ ‎2. “I’m going to the post office.” “_______ you’re there, can you get me some stamps?”‎ A. As B. While C. Because D. If ‎【陷阱】容易误选A。‎ ‎3. After the war, a new school building was put up ______ there had once been a theatre. ‎ A. that B. when C. which D. where ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案选 D。where 在此引导地点状语从句，其意为“(在)……的地方”。 ‎ ‎4. The visitor asked to have his picture taken _______ stood the famous tower.‎ A. that B. at which C. when D. where ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。‎ ‎5. They kept trying _____ they must have known it was hopeless.‎ A. if B. because C. when D. where ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案选 C。when 在此的意思不是“当……的时候”，而是“尽管”、“虽然”的意思。又如：He walks when he might take a taxi. 尽管他可以坐出租车，但他却走路。‎ He stopped trying when he might have succeeded next time. 尽管他本来下次就可以成功的了，但他却停止努力了。‎ The boy was restless when he should have listened to the teacher carefully. 这男孩子本来应该专心听老师讲的，但他却坐立不安。‎ 有许多同学只知道 when 表示“当……的时候”，而不知道它还有其他许多意思，除上面提到的表示“尽管”、“虽然”外，when 还可表示“既然”、“考虑到”。‎ ‎ ‎