河南省濮阳市2020届高三摸底考试英语试题 Word版含解析

河南省濮阳市2020届高三摸底考试英语试题 Word版含解析

- 1 - 高中三年级摸底考试英语试题 （考试时间：120 分钟 试卷满分：150 分） 注意事项： 1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。回答非 选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 听力 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂 到答题卡上。 第一节 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B，C 三个选项中选出最佳选项， 并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一 小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Where does the conversation take place？ A. In a bookshop. B. In a classroom. C. In a library. 2. What will Jane do at 11:30 tomorrow？ A. Visit a friend. B. Pick up her daughter. C. Have lunch with the man. 3. How much will the man pay？ A.￡100. B.￡10. C.￡90. 4. What is the probable relationship between the speakers？ A. Classmates. B. Boss and secretary. C. Teacher and student. 5. What are the speakers talking about? A. When to leave. B. What to drink. C. Where to meet. 第二节（共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分） 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给 A、B、C 三个选项中选 出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各 小题给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。 6. What is Ida doing？ - 2 - A. Making a shopping list. B. Doing some shopping. C. Searching Taobao. 7. What is Ida planning to buy？ A. Juice and sugar. B. Tomatoes and meat. C. Beer and wine. 听第 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 题。 8. Where does the man want to go？ A. The City Hall. B. The Post Office. C. The Plaza Hotel. 9. What will the man probably do next？ A. Take a taxi. B. Wait for No. 15 bus. C. Walk to the nearest subway station. 听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。 10. Who is answering the phone？ A. Julia. B. Julia’s cousin. C. Julia’s brother. 11. What happened to Tin’s bat？ A. It’s broken. B. It’s stolen. C. It’s missing. 12. What does Tina ask Julia to do tomorrow？ A. Take a message for her. B. Bring the CD and the extra bat. C. Play table tennis with her cousin. 听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。 13. What did the man do in 1960？ A. He went to college. B. He made many friends. C. He left the northern states. 14. What was life like in the northern states？ A. The blacks were treated equally. B. Most people were not nice to outsiders. C. People of different races were friendly to each other. 15. When did the man win the Nobel Prize？ A. In 1960 B. In 1968. C. ln 1986. 16. What did the man do with the prize money？ - 3 - A. He gave it to the college. B. He gave it to poor children. C. He gave it to the Freedom Movement. 听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。 17. Which book will you choose if you like science？ A. Shallow Earth. B. Give Me Shelter. C. Jump for the Stars. 18. Who are the main characters of Shallow Earth？ A. A group of soldiers. B. A group of players. C. Two young people. 19. What is Give Me Shelter mainly about？ A. Chinese families’ life story. B. Chinese teenagers’ growing story. C. Two Shanghai teenagers’ love story. 20. What is Tray McGrady？ A. A basketball player. B. A director C. A writer. 第二部分 阅读理解 第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Different countries have different tipping customs. When you travel, you need to know how to tip in the country that you’re in; otherwise you’ll leave servers angry everywhere you go.Here are just a few guidelines to tipping around the world. Brazil There will always be a standard 10% service charge added to your bill, and you won’t necessarily have to tip. If you do feel like being generous, an extra 5-10% will really make your server very happy. Just remember to do this as skillfully as possible—Brazilians don’t make a big show of this. Dubai In Dubai it’s a rule for restaurants to charge 10% tip on all restaurant and bar bills. You can add a couple of dirhams（迪拉姆,货币单位）to this if you feel like it. Waiters are not paid very much in Dubai, so it is always very appreciated. Germany - 4 - German bars and restaurants will include the tip as part of what you owe, but that’s not all you have to pay. It is a custom to round the bill up after that, usually to the euro. This can be anywhere from 5-10%. When it’s time to settle up, you won’t get a bill: your waiter tells you the total and then you tell them how much you want to pay, including your “tip”, and hand over the money. Czech Republic While locals in the Czech Republic don’t leave tips, that doesn’t mean you’re off the hook.Foreign tourists are definitely expected to leave some kind of tip for service—as long as you’re in a high tourist traffic area, like Prague for instance. The standard tip is 10%. India If you like the service, go ahead and tip your server 5-10%. You have to adjust that amount though, based on how big the meal you’re eating is. If the bill is for a small meal, and totals less than 300 rupees, tip the full 10%. If the bill is higher, tip towards the 5%. 1. In which country do customers have to tip at least 10% for the service? A. Dubai B. India C. Germany D. Czech Republic 2. Which country has different tip cultures between citizens and foreigners? A. Dubai B. Germany C. India D. Czech Republic 3. If your bill is 2000 rupees in India, it is proper for you to tip________ rupees. A. 10 B. 80 C. 120 D. 200 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇说明文，作者介绍了巴西、迪拜、德国、捷克和印度的餐饮小费文化。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文中 Dubai（迪拜）部分的介绍“In Dubai it’s a rule for restaurants - 5 - to charge 10% tip on all restaurant and bar bills. You can add a couple of dirhams to this if you feel like it.”可知在迪拜，餐馆都会直接基于账单收取 10%的小费，这已 经成为一项规则，在此基础上可以自愿多给。另结合全文，其他国家都没有这种强制性的规 矩，故选 A。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段第一、二句“While locals in the Czech Republic don’t leave tips, that doesn’t mean you’re off the hook. Foreign tourists are definitely expected to leave some kind of tip for service”可知捷克共和国的公民不给小费，但 是外国人一定要给小费，在这个国家对于公民和外国游客的小费文化是不同的，故选 D。 【3 题详解】 推理判断题。结合最后一段的总体介绍，一顿饭是否为“大餐”决定了小费比例，并根据“If the bill is for a small meal, and totals less than 300 rupees, tip the full 10%. If the bill is higher, tip towards the 5%.”推知如果消费账单超过 300 卢布，小费从 10% 逐步下降，最低至 5%，2000 卢布的账单小费应该小于 10%（200 卢布）大于 5%（100 卢布）， 只有 C 项的 120 落在这个区间范围内，故选 C。 【点睛】完成阅读理解中的“细节理解”题型，应注意对干扰项的辄别和排除，例如本篇中 的第 1 小题，如果没有仔细阅读文本，可能会因 A 项 Dubai（迪拜）和 D 项 Czech Republic （捷克）的对应段落中都含有“强制性小费标准为 10%”的表述而错选，但仔细阅读文章后发 现，locals in the Czech Republic don’t leave tips（捷克当地人是无须给小费的），强 制性的小费只对游客有效，它和迪拜全体给小费的情况很不同，因而要及时排除干扰项 D。 B Li Ziqi, a short video blogger specializing in traditional Chinese cooking and handicrafts, has gained worldwide popularity. Li has about 20 million followers on Sina Weibo. China’s equivalent to Twitter, plus 7 million followers on overseas social media networks. Many foreigners say they have got to know traditional Chinese food culture via her channel. It is the spirit of craftsmanship（技艺）behind her works that makes Li’s video clips attractive. She strictly follows the authentic traditional steps and procedures in making traditional Chinese food and handicrafts, such as peach flower wine and silk, and goes to great lengths to ensure her videos are accurate. Sometimes she spends - 6 - several months producing one of her videos. Li has been inheriting（继承）traditional Chinese culture in a rather creative way. A closer look at her videos will show that they are never with any “analysis” that makes people feel bored. They just show audiences each and every detail of traditional Chinese culture so that the latter knows how Chinese live their beautiful and elegant lives. It is that universal appeal that makes her works so attractive. Thanks to Li’s efforts, many intangible cultural heritages that only existed in memories and written records now appear before our eyes. Via her short videos, Li presents the image of a beautiful and friendly China. With the growth of the Chinese economy, people overseas are showing more interest in traditional Chinese culture. Li has shown how to satisfy that interest in a good way, namely showing the best parts of traditional Chinese culture with her heart. To effectively present the beauty of Chinese culture to the world, we need more Li Zigi. 4. What can we learn about Li Zigi’s video clips？ A. They promote the sales of Chinese food and handicrafts. B. They attract a large number of foreigners to visit her online shop. C. They are based on her family’s recipes of making traditional Chinese food. D. They aim to introduce traditional Chinese food culture and handicrafts worldwide. 5. What could be inferred from Paragraph 3 and Paragraph 4? A. Analysis of Chinese culture in Li’s videos makes people bored. B. Details and accuracy play significant roles in the success of Li’s videos. C. Li makes sure all of her video clips are short enough to be downloaded. D. Cultural heritages usually exist in memories and written accounts. 6. What does the underlined word “intangible” in Paragraph 4 mean？ A. immaterial. B. inaccessible. C. invaluable. D. unnoticeable. 7. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A. To provide guidance on cooking and making handicrafts. B. To suggest a way of attracting more followers on Sina Weibo. - 7 - C. To encourage more people to make efforts to bring Chinese culture to the world. D. To give an example of how to gain worldwide popularity as a a short video blogger. 【答案】4. D 5. B 6. A 7. C 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了以拍摄古风美食短视频出名的李子柒如何把中国人传统 而本真的生活方式呈现出来，让现代都市人找到一种心灵的归属感，也让世界理解了一种生 活中的中国文化。 【4 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段主题句“Li Ziqi, a short video blogger specializing in traditional Chinese cooking and handicrafts, has gained worldwide popularity.”以 及第二段“Many foreigners say they have got to know traditional Chinese food culture via her channel”可知，专注于中国传统烹饪和手工艺品的短视频博客作者李子柒在全球范 围内广受欢迎，外国友人通过她的频道了解了中国传统饮食文化，李子柒的视频旨在将中国 文化引向世界，D 项“他们的目标是在世界范围内介绍中国传统的饮食文化和手工艺品。”是 正确答案。故选 D。 【5 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“She strictly follows the authentic traditional steps and procedures, and goes to great lengths to ensure her videos are accurate.”以 及第四段第三句“They just show audiences each and every detail of traditional Chinese culture so that the latter knows how Chinese live their beautiful and elegant lives.” 可知，在制作中国传统食品和手工艺品时，李子柒严格遵循地道的传统步骤和程序，并竭尽 全力确保视频的准确性。她的视频向观众展示传统中国文化的每一个细节，以便让观众了解 中国人的日常生活。因此推断准确度和细节是李子柒的视频如此受欢迎的主要原因，故选 B。 【6 题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词后的修饰语“that only existed in memories and written records now appear before our eyes.”可知，在李子柒的努力下，许多仅存在于记忆和书面记录中 的文化遗产现在出现在我们眼前，而文化遗产显然有别于物质遗产。结合文中出现的 cultural heritages 词组及本文的语境，可知划线词意思是“非物质的、无形的、触摸不到的”，故选 A。 - 8 - 【7 题详解】 推理判断题。本题要求推理分析作者的写作意图，根据第五段第二句“Li has shown how to satisfy that interest in a good way, namely showing the best parts of traditional Chinese culture with her heart.（李展示如何以一种好方式满足这种兴趣，也就是说用心 展示中国传统文化的最好部分。）”以及全文最后一段“To effectively present the beauty of Chinese culture to the world, we need more Li Ziqi.（为了有效地向世界展示中国 文化的美，我们需要更多的李子柒。）”可知，本文主要介绍了以拍摄古风美食短视频出名的 李子柒如何把中国人传统而本真的生活方式呈现出来，向世界打开美丽中国的一扇窗口，让 世界理解了一种生活着的中国文化。作者希望未来有更多像李子柒这样的人物向世界展示和 推广中国传统文化，鼓励更多的人努力把中国文化带到世界上。故选 C。 【点睛】在阅读中我们经常会考查猜测词义题。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词 语或句子甚至段落都有联系。运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广考查最多也最易失分的猜词 方式，这要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文（各种已知信息）并结 合具体的语境推测、判断某些词或短语的词义。例如小题 3。根据划线词后的修饰语“that only existed in memories and written records now appear before our eyes.”可知，在李子 柒的努力下，许多仅存在于记忆和书面记录中的文化遗产现在出现在我们眼前，而文化遗产 显然有别于物质遗产。结合文中出现的 cultural heritages 词组及本文的语境，可知划线词 意思是“非物质的、无形的、触摸不到的”，故选 A。 C Kar-go is the invention of the United Kingdom-based Academy of Robotics, which describes it as”Europe's first road-worthy autonomous delivery vehicle".Using AI, this autonomous delivery vehicle offers customers an app---similar to one used when ordering a taxi- allowing them to choose when and where their packages are delivered. Cormpanies like Tesla and Amazon have invested heavily in autonomous vehicles, which have the potential to create a sea of changes in business and society. Resembling something like a green egg on wheels, Kar-go's aim is to reduce the cost of what's known as the "last mile delivery challenge" . This is the final stage of your online package's journey ,from a local warehouse to your front door. Labor costs, paying drivers, the cost of fuel and the vehicle costs for maintaining small vehicles all contribute to making this the most expensive part of the delivery process. - 9 - The first part of the package's journey is far cheaper, with high volumes of packages being transported to and from the same location. However, at the other end, drivers deliver smaller shipments to several different locations where the recipient may not even be available to collect. With the latest AI technology, Kar-go will deliver goods safely ,sustainably and in style. The AI vehicle uses special technology to become an expert on its own individual route, learning from past experiences in order to help itself deal with new future obstacles(障碍物)on the road. Kar-go also has its very own internal sorting system, allowing the vehicle transport packages in the correct order for delivery. By 2030，the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders predicts the autonomous market could add $ 62 billion in economic growth in the UK, creating more than 420,000 new jobs. Eletric, self-driving, economic and capable of working 24/7，Kar-go promises to reduce the last mile delivery cost by up to 90%，providing an efficient solution to the rapidly-expanding online retail(零售) market. 8. From the first paragraph we know Kar-go__________. A. is an app used to order a taxi B. is Europe's first autonomous vehicle C. has created great changes in business and society D. transports goods at customers' convenience 9. What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us? A. How Kar-go delivers the goods. B. What challenges Kar-go may face. C. How the drivers reduce delivery cost. D. Why the last mile delivery is expensive. 10. What is the advantage of the AI technology used by Kar-go? A. It has an advanced internal sorting system. B. It enables vehicles to work more efficiently. C. It makes a driver become an expert in traffic. D. It helps people clean new obstacle on the road. - 10 - 11. What influence does Kar-go have on the UK? A. It will create over 420 0000 jobs for drivers. B. It will reduce the delivery cost by up to 90%” C. It may contribute to the growth of online business. D. It may make the UK lead in the autonomous market. 【答案】8. D 9. D 10. B 11. C 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款新发明—Kar-go，它可能会有效减少最后一公里运输的成 本，带来线上零售的增长。 【8 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Using AI, this autonomous delivery vehicle offers customers an app-similar to one used when ordering a taxi- allowing them to choose when and where their packages are delivered.”可知利用人工智能，这款自动送货车为顾客提供了 一个应用程序，类似于订购出租车时使用的应用程序，允许他们选择包裹何时何地送达。所 以这个发明是一款给客户带来方便的交通工具。故选 D 项。 【9 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段内容可知劳动力成本、支付司机的费用、燃料成本和维护小型车辆 的车辆成本，都使得这成为交付过程中最昂贵的部分。所以第二段主要是描述为什么最后一 英里的运输如此昂贵。故选 D 项。 【10 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Kar-go also has its very own internal sorting system, allowing the vehicle transport packages in the correct order for delivery.”,可知 Kar-go 也 有自己的内部分拣系统，允许车辆按照正确的顺序运送包裹，所以它可以让交通工具更加高 效。故选 C 项。 【11 题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Kar-go promises to reduce the last mile delivery cost by up to 90%，providing an efficient solution to the rapidly-expanding online retail market. ”可知 Kar-go 承诺降低最后一英里的交付成本 90%,为在线零售市场提供一个有效的解决方 案。所以它可能会推动在线交易的增长。 - 11 - D The race to 5G is on. All four major US carriers now have some form of 5G wireless, although it’s all limited roll-outs in only a few cities, mostly using expensive phones that won’t support future nationwide 5G networks. We’re tracking the roll-outs monthly on our Race to 5G page. The early 5G roll-outs are more like a public test than a final product. AT＆ T, Verizon, and T-Mobile are all using technologies that only travel about 800 feet from a cell site, which means there isn’t much coverage. All four carriers are waiting for upgrades（升级）to their base stations that will improve coverage, speed, and reliability. Around the end of this year or the beginning of 2020, AT＆T, Verizon, and T-Mobile all intend to launch 5G networks that use the existing 4G spectrum（频 谱）, which will have slower speeds but broader coverage. We’ve tested AT＆T in Dallas and Las Vegas Sprint in Dallas and New York; Verizon in Chicago, New York, and Providence; and T-Mobile in New York. Every month, we’ve been seeing better performance and more new devices. It’s messy. It’s very early days. And if you like new technology, it’s very exciting. In previous mobile transformations, we’ve seen most of the big changes happening years after the first announcement. Take 4G, for instance. The first 4G phones in the US appeared in 2010. But the sorts of 4G applications that changed our world didn’t appear until later. So following that plan. While we’re getting a little bit of 5G right now, you should expect the big 5G applications to crop up around 2021 or 2022. 5G stands for fifth-generation-cellular（蜂窝状的）wireless, and the initial standards of it were set at the end of 2017. But a set of standards doesn’t mean that all 5G will work the same-or that we even know what applications 5G will enable. There will be slow but responsive 5G, and fast 5G with limited coverage. 12. What is the present state of 5G in the US？ A. Initial exploration. B. Great improvement. C. Wide application. D. Extensive promotion. 13. Why does the author take 4G for example？ A. To persuade carriers to give up 5G. - 12 - B. To remind people of 4G’s importance. C. To prove 5G takes time to make a greater difference. D. To show 5G has failed to meet expectations. 14. What’s the author’s attitude to 5G？ A. Cautious. B. Skeptical. C. Opposed. D. Objective. 15. What’s the best title for the text？ A. Race to 5G B. 5G is coming C. How fast is 5G？ D. What is 5G？ 【答案】12. A 13. C 14. D 15. B 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了 5G 时代来临，尽管目前覆盖有限，发展缓慢，但是反应灵敏， 有良好的前景。 【12 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段的 All four major US carriers now have some form of 5G wireless, although it’s all limited roll-outs in only a few cities, mostly using expensive phones that won’t support future nationwide 5G networks.（所有四大美国运输公司现 在都有某种形式的 5G 无线，尽管仅在少数几个城市有限推广，主要使用不支持未来全国范围 的 5G 网络的昂贵的手机，）可推断，美国目前 5G 的现状还在初步探索阶段。故选 A。 【13 题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的 In previous mobile transformations, we’ve seen most of the big changes happening years after the first announcement.（在以前的移动转换中， 我们已经看到大部分的大变化发生在第一次发布之后的几年）接下来以 4G 为例说明这个观点， 美国第一批 4g 手机出现在 2010 年，但改变我们世界的 4g 应用程序直到后来才出现。 所以 按照那个计划。 虽然我们现在的 5g 仅有少量，大量的 5g 应用程序使用被期待会在 2021 或 2022 年左右出现。因此推断作者以 4G 为例，是为例证明 5G 需要时间才能做出更大的改变。 故选 C。 【14 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 There will be slow but responsive 5G, and fast 5G with - 13 - limited coverage.可知，作者认为 5G 发展将会缓慢但是反应热烈的，覆盖有限但是快速。 因此推断作者对 5G 的态度是客观的。故选 D。 【15 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段的 The race to 5G is on.（5G 时代开始了）和第二段的 The early 5G roll-outs are more like a public test than a final product.（早期的 5g 推出更像 是一个公共测试，而不是最终产品。）以及最后一段的 There will be slow but responsive 5G, and fast 5G with limited coverage.（5G 缓慢但反应灵敏，快速，覆盖有限。）可推断，文 章主要介绍了 5G 竞赛正在发展，尽管有限但是快速，如同 4G 一样，需要一定的时间发展。 因此推断 B“5G 时代来临”为最佳标题。故选 B。 【点睛】推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常 常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。推理题要 求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深 层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都 是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信 息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替 作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。例如小题 2，根据倒数第二段的 In previous mobile transformations, we’ve seen most of the big changes happening years after the first announcement.（在以前的移动转换中，我们已经看到大部分的大变化发生在第一次发布之后 的几年）接下来以 4G 为例说明这个观点，美国第一批 4g 手机出现在 2010 年，但改变我们世 界的 4g 应用程序直到后来才出现。 所以按照那个计划。 虽然我们现在的 5g 仅有少量，大 量的 5g 应用程序使用被期待会在 2021 或 2022 年左右出现。因此推断作者以 4G 为例，是为 例证明 5G 需要时间才能做出更大的改变。故选 C。 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 1 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Competition is a common phenomenon in our social life.___16___There is constant competition for academic degrees, jobs, customers, money and so forth. In a sense, competition is one of the motive forces to the development of society. ___17___Therefore, the only way to survive is to be competitive. Growing in a competitive environment is important for a child because future adult life is difficult. Finding a good job, for example, is an extremely competitive activity. - 14 - Today, most people try to get good education through various ways.___18___The quality of people is rapidly increasing. Competition is more violent than what we thought it should be. The potentially successful job applicant has to be prepared in stronger position by gaining more qualifications and experience. In the business world, to beat your competitors, you must be better than the other employees.___19___ In fact, the only way our world rewards people is to give honor to the winners, not to the losers. By attempting to compete at different activities, we learn to win and lose, gain experience and know our strengths and weaknesses. Competition prepares us for the tough things in life.___20___ A. Otherwise, you will be defeated. B. Modern society demands high-quality talents. C. Learning to be competitive is clearly the best preparation for the tough life. D. There are also many people who have higher degrees in their special fields. E. Children have to learn to be competitive in order to adapt to modern society. F. In the natural world, the weak will be replaced by the strong and the fittest can live. G. We compete when we play games and when we try to do better than others in our study. 【答案】16. G 17. F 18. D 19. A 20. C 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇议论文。竞争是社会生活的常见现象。从某种意义上说，竞争是社会发展的动力 之一。在自然界，生存的唯一途径就是竞争。如今人们的素质正在迅速提高。竞争比我们认 为的更激烈。学习竞争显然是艰难生活的最佳准备。 。 【16 题详解】 上文 Competition is a common phenomenon in our social life.提到竞争是我们社会生活 中常见的现象，下文 There is constant competition for academic degrees, jobs, customers, money and so forth.说学术学位、工作、客户、金钱等方面不断竞争。G 项中的 compete 与 上文是同类词，G 项“当我们玩游戏时，当我们试图在学习中比别人做得更好时，我们就会竞 争。”符合语境，解释上文，与下文一致。故选 G。 【17 题详解】 - 15 - 根据空格下文 Therefore, the only way to survive is to be competitive.（因此，存活 的唯一方法是竞争。）可推断，阐述了上文内容的原因，因此推断 F 项“在自然界中，弱者将 被强者所取代，适者生存。”符合，故选 F。 【18 题详解】 空格上文 Today, most people try to get good education through various ways.说明今 天，大多数人试图通过各种方式获得良好的教育，D 项“也有许多人在他们的特殊领域有更高 的学位。 ”，前后文意思一致，also 是关键词。故选 D。 【19 题详解】 根据空格上文 In the business world, to beat your competitors, you must be better than the other employees.可知，在商业世界中，要击败竞争对手，你必须比其他员工更好。因 此否则你将会被打败。故 A 选项“否则你将会被打败”符合语境，是对上文的说明。故选 A。 【20 题详解】 根据空格上文 Competition prepares us for the tough things in life.可知，竞争使我们 为生活中的艰难事情做好了准备。因此推断学习竞争显然是艰难生活的最佳准备。故 C 选项 “学习竞争显然是艰难生活的最佳准备”是对上文的总结。故选 C。 【点睛】七选五的解题技巧之一是根据上下文词汇来锁定线索。即：要关注空白前后的名词 和动词，然后在选项中查找它们的近义词、反义词、同义词、同类词等。其次是一些专有名 词，比如说数词、代词、时间、年代、地点/名称等。在本文中小题 1，上文 Competition is a common phenomenon in our social life.提到竞争是我们社会生活中常见的现象，下文 There is constant competition for academic degrees, jobs, customers, money and so forth. 说学术学位、工作、客户、金钱等方面不断竞争。G 项中的 compete 与上文是同类词，G 项“当 我们玩游戏时，当我们试图在学习中比别人做得更好时，我们就会竞争。”句意符合，解释 上文与下文一致。故选 G。 第三部分 语言知识运用 第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳 选项。 Ciudad Perdida, Colombia’s “Lost City” is older than Machu Picchu. There are no trains or buses allowing of ___21___travels to reach its ruins. The remote place - 16 - is only___22___on foot: a tiring multi-day hike. Despite this, I couldn’t___23___the opportunity to visit Ciudad Perdida. 12 other hikers and I went there in___24___with a licensed guide. The dirt path, which___25___through towering palms and dangling vines（藤蔓）, proved___26___right from the start. It’s recommended hikers have good physical___27___, as the journey is difficult. Horses helped to carry basic___28___like food to the cabins where we would sleep. Along the way we also met the___29___. They have been left undisturbed for centuries and there’s a deep_____30_____between them and the land. The next morning, we were off early to_____31_____the heat, but high temperatures and muscle pain had already_____32_____by the time we reached the final stage-1,200 stone steps to_____33_____.After finally lifting my_____34_____body up the long flight of stairs, my eyes rested on the scene that had_____35_____the hard journey: Ciudad Perdida. I looked down and_____36_____at the beautiful site below. We were among a handful of other groups visiting, which seemed like_____37_____compared to other crowded tourist attractions. While the return trip included_____38_____the mental hurdle （障碍）of having already accomplished our goal, the experience is the one I would do_____39_____. It is the difficulty that makes the journey a more_____40_____one. Earned views are always better. 21. A. long B. easy C. frequent D. endless 22. A. impressive B. dangerous C. worthwhile D. accessible 23. A. resist B. obtain C. promote D. grasp 24. A. harmony B. combination C. company D. communication 25. A. buried B. spread C. spun D. wound 26. A. disappointing B. embarrassing C. challenging D. amazing 27. A. character B. fitness C. independence D. confidence 28. A. equipment B. furniture C. possessions D. - 17 - necessities 29. A. natives B. visitors C. guides D. drivers 30. A. difference B. distance C. bond D. belief 31. A. reduce B. avoid C. refuse D. abandon 32. A. watched out B. cut off C. set in D. gave in 33. A. cover B. catch C. construct D. explore 34. A. energetic B. painful C. unhealthy D. damaged 35. A. convinced B. predicted C. motivated D. surprised 36. A. aimed B. pointed C. viewed D. wondered 37. A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything 38. A. overcoming B. memorizing C. observing D. fixing 39. A. otherwise B. instead C. though D. again 40. A. rewarding B. sensitive C. popular D. flexible 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. C 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. C 36. D 37. B 38. A 39. D 40. A 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。作者讲述了自己参观哥伦比亚的“遗失的城市”Ciudad Perdida 的经历。 【21 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有火车或公共汽车允许轻松到达它的废墟。 A. long 长的；B. easy 容易的；C. frequent 频繁的；D. endless 无尽的。根据上文 There are no trains or buses 可知，没有火车和汽车，能够让你轻松的到达这个废墟。故选 B。 【22 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这所偏僻的城市仅能步行到达。A. impressive 给人印象深刻的； B. dangerous 危险的；C. worthwhile 值得的；D. accessible 可到达的。根据 on foot 可推 断，这个城市仅能步行到达。故选 D。 【23 题详解】 - 18 - 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管这样，我无法抗拒去参观 Ciudad Perdida.的机会。A. resist 抵制；B. obtain 获得； C. promote 促进；提升；D. grasp 抓住。根据下文 12 other hikers and I went there 可知，我不能错过去参观的机会。couldn’t resist 无法抗拒。故选 A。 【24 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我和另外 12 个徒步旅行者带着一个有执照的导游一起去了那里。 A. harmony 和谐；B. combination 组合；C. company 陪伴；陪同；D. communication 交流。 按照常理推断，导游陪伴我们旅行。in company with“与某人一起”，故选 C。 【25 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一条土路，蜿蜒通向高耸的棕榈树和悬挂的藤蔓，证明从一开始 就具有挑战性。A. buried 埋葬；B. spread 传播；C. spun 使……旋转；D. wound(道路、河 流或一队人)蜿蜒向前。根据空格. The dirt path 可知，小路应是蜿蜒向前。故选 D。 【26 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. disappointing 令人失望的； B. embarrassing 令 人尴尬的；C. challenging 具有挑战性的；D. amazing 令人吃惊的。根据上文可知，小路蜿 蜒通向高耸的棕榈树和藤蔓，步行旅行时具有挑战性的。故选 C。 【27 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：推荐徒步旅行者有良好的身体素质，因为旅程是困难的。A. character 性格；B. fitness 健康；C. independence 独立；D. confidence 信心。根据下文 as the journey is difficult 可知，旅程是困难，因此徒步者应该身体素质好。故选 B。 【28 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：马帮助驮着基本的必需品，如食物，带我们到达睡觉的小屋。 A. equipment 装备；B. furniture 家具；C. possessions 财产；D. necessities 必需品。根据 like food，可知是指基本的必需品。故选 D。 【29 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一路上，我们也遇到了本地人。A. natives 本地人；B. visitors 参观者；C. guides 导游；D. drivers 司机。沿路最有可能遇到的是本地人,因为这是很少有 人涉足的地方。故选 A。 【30 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们已经不受干扰了几个世纪，他们和土地之间有着深厚的联系。 A. difference 不同；B. distance 距离；C. bond 联系；纽带；D. belief 信仰。根据上文.They - 19 - have been left undisturbed for centuries 可知，他们已经不受干扰了几个世纪，因此他 们和土地之间有着深厚的联系。故选 C。 【31 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天上午，为了避免炎热，我们早早出发，但是当我们到达最 后阶段时，高温和肌肉疼痛已经消退了——走了 1200 个石阶。A. reduce 减少；B. avoid 避 免；C. refuse 拒绝；D. abandon 废弃。根据上文 we were off early 可知我们早出发是为 了避免炎热。故选 B。 【32 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：第二天上午，我们早早出发，为了避免炎热，但是当我们到达最 后阶段时，高温和肌肉疼痛已经消退了——走了 1200 个石阶。A. watched out 小心；B. cut off 切断；C. set in 开始；D. gave in 屈服。根据上文可知，我们早出发为了避免炎热，由 but 可推断，下文与上文是转折关系，说明炎热和肌肉疼没有影响我们。D 项“屈服”符合。 故选 D。 【33 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天上午，我们早早出发，为了避免炎热，但是当我们到达最 后阶段时，高温和肌肉疼痛已经消退了——走了 1200 个石阶。A. cover 行走（一段路程）；B. catch 抓住；C. construct 修建；D. explore 探索。此处表示我们走了 1200 个石头 台阶。故选 A.。 【34 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我终于把我疼痛的身体抬上长长的阶梯后，我的眼睛停留在 激励这段艰苦旅程的场景上：Ciudad Perdida。 A. energetic 精力充沛得；B. painful 疼 痛的；C. unhealthy 不健康的；D. damaged 被损坏的。根据上文提到的 muscle pain 可知， 我身体疼痛。故选 B。 【35 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我终于把我疼痛的身体抬上长长的阶梯后，我的眼睛停留在激 励这段艰苦旅程的场景上：Ciudad Perdida。A. convinced 使信服；B. predicted 预测；C. motivated 激励；D. surprised 使吃惊。根据上文 Despite this, I couldn’t___3___the opportunity to visit Ciudad Perdida.可知，看到 Ciudad Perdida 的景象激励我开始了这 段艰苦的旅程。故选 C。 【36 题详解】 - 20 - 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我向下看，惊叹于下面的美丽场景。A. aimed 瞄准；B. pointed 指；指向；C. viewed 看；D. wondered 惊叹。根据下文 the experience is the one I would do___19___.可知，作者愿意再次体验这次经历，因此推断下面的风景让作者惊叹。故选 D。 【37 题详解】 考查代词词义辨析。句意：我们是少数参观团体之一，与其他拥挤的旅游景点相比，这似乎 是微不足道的。 A. something 某事；某物；B. nothing 没什么；C. anything 任何事物；D. everything 一切。这里似乎没有什么可以与其他拥挤的旅游景点相比。故选 B。 【38 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管回程包括克服已经完成了我们的目标的心理障碍，但是这次 经历是我愿意再次体验的。A. overcoming 克服；B. memorizing 记忆；C. observing 观 察；D. fixing 修理。根据下文 the mental hurdle（障碍）of having already accomplished our goal 和常理推断，回程要克服完成了目标这种心理障碍。故选 A。 【39 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管回程包括克服已经完成了我们的目标的心理障碍，但是这次 经历是我愿意再次体验的。A. otherwise 否则；B. instead 代替；C. though 然而；D. again 再；又。根据下文 Earned views are always better.可知，我对这次经历印象深刻，因此我 愿意再次体验。故选 D。 【40 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：困难使得这次旅程成为更值得的。A. rewarding 值得的；B. sensitive 敏感的；C. popular 有欢迎的；D. flexible 灵活的。这是一个强调句。根据下文 Earned views are always better.说明，这次旅程因为困难成为更值得的。故选 A。 第二节 阅读下面短文、在空白处填人 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 March 20 is the International Day of Happiness. Since 2013, the United Nations___41___（celebrate）the International Day of Happiness as a way to recognize___42___importance of happiness in the lives of people around the world. The United Nations invites each person of any age, plus every classroom, business and government to join ___43___celebration of the International Day of Happiness.___44___（interesting）enough, the United Nations even has a cartoon character to represent this day. - 21 - The theme of the International Day of Happiness is Happier Together,___45___ （focus）on what we have in common. On this day, thousands of people all around the world reach out to make a new positive___46___（connect）with others. Many people design a calendar of events that might bring then happiness, after___47___they post the calendar online and practice their different happy behaviors every day. This is only a handful of happiness that people intend themselves___48___（follow）. However, it would encourage people to explore ___49___（many） happy ways. If you want to be part of this special day,____50____（join）the community as soon as possible. 【答案】41. has celebrated/has been celebrating 42. the 43. in 44. Interestingly 45. focusing 46. connection 47. which 48. to follow 49. more 50. join 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。联合国把 3 月 20 日定为国际幸福日，旨在提醒人们幸福是人类的目标， 也是人类的权利。 【41 题详解】 考查动词时态语态。句意：3 月 2 是国际幸福日。自从 2013 年，联合国庆祝国际幸福日，作 为一种认可幸福在世界各地人民生活中的重要性的方式。分析句子可知，celebrate 是谓语动 词，与主语 the United Nations 是主动关系，由时间状语 since 2013 可知，用现在完成时 或者现在完成进行时，主语是地三人称单数，故填 has celebrated/has been celebrating 【42 题详解】 考查冠词。句意同上。此处特指幸福的重要性，故填 the。 【43 题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：联合国邀请任何年龄的人， 和每一个教室，企业和政府加入庆祝国际 幸福日。in celebration of“为庆祝”是固定短语，故填 in。 【44 题详解】 考查副词。句意：非常有趣的是，联合国甚至有一个卡通人物来代表这一天。修饰整个句子， - 22 - 用副词做状语。故填 Interestingly。 【45 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：国际幸福日的主题是更快乐地在一起，集中在我们的共同之处上。 分析句子可知，谓语动词是 is，focus 用非谓语动词做状语，focus 与逻辑主语 The theme 是 主动关系，故填 focusing。 【46 题详解】 考查名词。句意：在这一天，世界各地成千上万的人伸出手来，与他人建立一个新的积极联 系。形容词修饰名词，名词作 make 的宾语。故填 connection。 【47 题详解】 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子可知，after___7___they post the calendar online and practice their different happy behaviors every day. 是限制性定语从句，指代整个主 句，做介词 after 的宾语，用关系代词 which。故填 which。 【48 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。intend sb. to do sth.“打算某人做某事”，是固定用法，故填 to follow。 【49 题详解】 考查比较级。句意：然而，它鼓励人们探索更幸福的方式。根据句意，此处表示与上文进行 比较，故用比较级，故填 more。 【50 题详解】 考查祈使句。句意：如果你想成为这个特殊日子的一部分，尽快加入社区吧。if 引导条件状 语从句，故 join 是谓语动词，主句是祈使句，用动词原形，故填 join。 第四部分 写作 第一节 短文改错 51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（A），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的用斜线（）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。 I’m glad to share some idea about garbage classification with you, which was - 23 - a hot topic these days all over China. To my understand, we should do whatever we can support it. After all, the earth is home to everyone and it’s our duty to provide a health environment voluntarily. Garbage classification isn’t easy in the beginning, and it’s meaningful. By doing so, it will do many good to the recycling of valuable resources. For our environment and life, we are expecting to learn to sort the rubbish and make it as a habit. Every individual can make the difference and bring a bright future for our planet. 【答案】1. idea→ideas 2. was→is 3. understand→understanding 4. support 前加 to 5. health→healthy 6. and→but 7. many→much 8. expecting→expected 9.删除 as 10. the→a 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章分享了关于中国垃圾分类的有关看法和建议。 【详解】1. 考查名词。idea 是可数名词，由 some 修饰用复数，故将 idea 改为 ideas。 2. 考查动词时态。文章主时态是一般现在时，讲述现在的事实，which 引导定语从句，指 代先行词 garbage classification，是单数，故将 was 改为 is。 3. 考查名词。my 是形容词性物主代词，修饰名词，故将 understand 改为 understanding。 4. 考查不定式。分析句子可知，support it 是目的状语，用不定式形式，故在 support 前 to。 5. 考查形容词。修饰名词 environment 用形容词作定语，故将 health 改为 healthy。 6. 考查连词。句意：垃圾分类在一开始就不容易但是这是有意义的。前后文是转折关系， and 表示并列或顺承关系，故将 and 改为 but。 7. 考查形容词。句意：这样做将对宝贵资源的循环利用大有裨益。many 指代可数名词， - 24 - much 修饰不可数名词 good，根据句意此处指代不可数名词，用 much。故将 many 改为 much。 8. 考查动词语态。这里表达的是“我们期待着学习垃圾分类”，expect 与主语 we 是动宾 关系，be expected to do sth“期望做某事”。故将 expecting 改为 expected。 9. 考查名词作宾语补足语。make it a habit of“让它变成某种习惯”,中间不需要加 as。 故去掉 as。 10. 考查冠词。句意：每个人都可以有所作为，让我们为我们的星球带来更光明的未来。 make a difference 意思为“有影响；起作用”，故将 the 改为 a。 第二节 书面表达 52.假如你是李华，给在武汉的留学生朋友 Jack 写一封电子邮件，告知其目前新型冠状病毒 肺炎 COVID-19（Corona Virus Disease 2019）的形势，请他注意防护。 要点：1.告知疫情现状； 2.注意防护，如减少外出，带口罩，勤洗手等； 3.表达战胜疫情的信心。 注意：1.词数 100 左右（开头已经写好，不计入总词数）； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Jack, ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jack, I am writing to inform you of the current situation of COVID-19. First discovered in Wuhan, the virus, which has been confirmed to be transmitted（传播）from people to people. Though the situation has changed well, we better minimize outdoor activities as the government has required. Avoid crowded places, parties and group activities. Correctly wear a mask if you have to go out. Wash your hands often and - 25 - avoid close contact with anyone with cold or flu-like symptoms. We Chinese are fully confident that the novel virus can be controlled and finally rooted out with support from home and abroad. Please stay in a relaxed mood and protect yourself. Wish you safe and healthy! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封电子邮件。 【详解】第 1 步：根据提示可知，假如你是李华，给在武汉的留学生朋友 Jack 写一封电子邮 件，告知其目前新型冠状病毒肺炎 COVID-19（Corona Virus Disease 2019）的形势，请他注 意防护。 要点：1.告知疫情现状；2.注意防护，如减少外出，带口罩，勤洗手等；3.表达战胜疫情的 信心。 第 2 步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）： informof 告知某人某事；confirm 证实；minimize 减少；transmit 传播；contact with 接触； root out 根除等等。 第 3 步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第 4 步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰， 保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。 【点睛】本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句 式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。同时文中使用高级句子。First discovered in Wuhan, the virus, which has been confirmed to be transmitted（传播）from people to people. 句 中使用定语从句；Though the situation has changed well, we better minimize outdoor activities as the government has required. 句中使用了让步状语从句和方式状语从句； We Chinese are fully confident that the novel virus can be controlled and finally rooted out with support from home and abroad. 使用了宾语从句。 - 26 -