【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题非谓语动词学案（25页）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题非谓语动词学案（25页）

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题 非谓语动词学案 非谓语动词是高中英语教学的重点和难点，也是历届高考的重点项目。命题热点多是借助于基本概念，在语境中考查常用动词的各种非谓语形式以及个性动词后的非谓语形式。有时也涉及非谓语动词逻辑主语的一致性问题以及独立主格结构中非谓语的各种变化。其考点主要包括：‎ ‎1．考查对谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别，要求明确句子的结构和意义，掌握非谓语动词的基本用法。‎ ‎2．考查不定式和动名词作宾语的区别，要求掌握一些常见动词后面所接宾语的形式。‎ ‎3．考查非谓语动词作定语、状语、补语时的区别，尤其是不定式、现在分词短语、过去分词短语所表示的不同时间、逻辑关系和意义。现在分词和不定式作结果状语时的区别应引起足够重视。‎ ‎4．考查非谓语动词的否定式、完成式、被动式及复合结构，要求掌握其构成形式、所表示的时间以及逻辑关系。‎ 一、非谓语动词作状语 ‎1．不定式作状语 不定式作状语通常表示：(1)原因(多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后)；(2)目的(可用so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首)；(3)结果(常表出乎意料的结果，常为only to do)。‎ ‎①We were very excited to hear the news.(原因)‎ ‎②To get there on time I got up very early.(目的)‎ ‎③He rushed to school only to find there was nobody there.(结果)‎ ‎2．现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别 ‎(1)现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。‎ Not knowing what to do，he went to his parents for help.‎ 由于不知怎么办才好，他去找他父母帮忙。‎ ‎(2)过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。‎ Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.‎ 如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。‎ ‎(3)部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动关系，其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、stationed(驻扎)、lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)、born ‎ in(出身于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。‎ Lost/Absorbed in deep thought，he didn't hear the sound.‎ ‎3．独立主格结构作状语 如果分词作状语的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，须在分词前面加上它自己的主语，这种结构叫独立主格结构，其作用相当于状语从句；有时也用with复合结构(with＋宾语＋宾语补足语)作状语。‎ ‎(1)名词/主格代词＋现在分词 名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是主谓关系。‎ The girl staring at him(＝As the girl stared at him)，he didn't know what to say.‎ 女孩两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。‎ ‎(2)名词/主格代词＋过去分词 名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是动宾关系。‎ The problems solved(＝As the problems were solved)，the quality has been improved.‎ 随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。‎ ‎(3)名词/主格代词＋不定式 名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。‎ He is going to make a model plane，some old parts to help.‎ 借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。‎ ‎(4)with复合结构(with＋宾语＋宾语补足语)作状语，是用现在分词、过去分词还是动词不定式作宾语补足语，关键是看宾语和宾语补足语之间的关系。‎ With time passing by(time和pass之间为主动关系)，he almost forgot everything in the past.‎ 随着时间的流逝，他几乎忘记了过去所有的事情。‎ He sat on the chair，with his hands tied(hands和tie之间为被动关系)behind his back.‎ 他坐在椅子上，双手在背后捆着。‎ 二、非谓语动词作主语、表语、宾语 ‎1．非谓语动词作主语 ‎(1)Laughing helps your body stay healthy and can even help you fight pain.(动名词作主语)‎ ‎(2)To see is to believe.(不定式作主语)‎ ‎(3)It is important to respect people.(不定式短语作主语，it作形式主语)‎ ‎(4)It is no use crying over spilt milk.(动名词短语作主语，it作形式主语)‎ ‎2．非谓语动词作表语 ‎(1)动名词作表语时，说明主语的性质，回答what引导的问句。‎ ‎(2)不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作或表示将来的动作。‎ ‎3．非谓语动词作宾语 非谓语动词作宾语的主要是不定式和动名词 ‎(1)afford，agree，choose，determine，expect，decide，learn，offer，manage，hope，want，wish，promise，refuse，fail，pretend，happen等动词后跟不定式作宾语。‎ ‎(2)appreciate，avoid，bear，consider，dislike，delay，enjoy，escape，finish，hate，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，postpone，resist，risk，stand，suggest等动词后跟动名词作宾语。‎ ‎(3)以下动词后接不定式和动名词作宾语意义不同。‎ 动词 接动名词作宾语 接不定式作宾语 remember 记得曾做过某事 记得要做某事 forget 忘记曾做过某事 忘记要做某事 try 尝试做某事 努力做某事 regret 对做过的事表示后悔 对要做的事表示遗憾 mean 意味着做某事 企图(打算)做某事 can't help 禁不住做某事 不能帮助做某事 go on 继续做未完成的事 做完一件事后，接着做另一件事 stop 中断正在做的事 中断正在做的事，去做别的事 ‎【特别提醒】‎ ‎1．动名词作宾语时，可以带逻辑主语。此时，逻辑主语可以是物主代词、人称代词的宾格或所有格。‎ Do you mind my/me reading your paper?[来源:学科网ZXXK]‎ 你介意我看你的考卷吗？‎ ‎2．作宾语的动名词和不定式除了一般式和主动式，还有完成式、被动式。 完成式表示该动作比谓语动作先发生。否定式在doing/to do前加not。‎ ‎(1)I regret not having taken her advice.(not须放在having前)‎ 我感到遗憾，没有听从她的建议。‎ ‎(2)They couldn't stand being treated like that.‎ 他们不能忍受被那样对待。‎ ‎(3)He decided to help me but I pretended to have finished my job.‎ 他决定帮我，但我假装已经完成工作了。‎ 三、非谓语动词作定语 ‎1．不定式作定语表未来的动作且后置，它与所修饰的名词或不定式代词存在主谓、动宾或同位关系。‎ You are the third one to enter the room.(主谓关系)‎ I have something important to say.(动宾关系)‎ He has no opportunity to go abroad.(同位关系)‎ ‎2．动名词作定语多前置，表示所修饰的事物的性能和用途。‎ a reading room(＝ a room for reading)‎ ‎3．现在分词作定语表主动和进行，可转换为定语从句。‎ The question being discussed (＝which is being discussed) now is important.‎ ‎4．过去分词作定语表被动和完成，也可转换为定语从句。‎ The question discussed(＝which was discussed) yesterday is important.‎ 四、非谓语动词作宾语补足语 ‎1．advise/allow/ask/beg/expect/encourage/force/get/invite/order/permit/persuade/tell/warn/wish等动词后面常用不定式作补语。如：‎ Tell the children not to play on the street.‎ The police warned us not to go out at night.‎ ‎2．make/let/have等使役动词后面用不带to的不定式作补语，但在被动句中则使用带to的不定式。如：‎ They make the students do too much homework every day.‎ The students are made to do too much homework every day.‎ ‎3．感官动词后面可用不带to的不定式或分词作补语。‎ 从时间上看，不定式表示发生或完成；现在分词强调正在进行；过去分词表示完成。‎ 从逻辑关系上看，不定式和现在分词与宾语之间存在着主谓关系；过去分词与宾语之间存在着动宾关系。如：‎ I saw him cross the street.‎ 我看到他穿过了大街。‎ I saw him crossing the street.‎ 我看到他正在穿过大街。‎ I saw him surrounded by a group of students.‎ 我看到一群学生围着他。‎ 五、非谓语动词的否定式、进行式、完成式和被动式 ‎1．非谓语动词的否定式均是在前面加not。‎ He pretended not to see me.‎ I regret not following his advice.‎ Not having tried his best，he failed in the exam.‎ ‎2．不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式。‎ 当谓语动词表示的动作(情况)发生时，不定式动作正在进行，不定式要用进行式。‎ The boy pretended to be working hard.‎ 当不定式的动作在谓语动作发生时，不定式要用完成式。‎ I happened to have seen the film.‎ 当不定式的逻辑主语为不定式动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动式。‎ The patient asked to be operated on at once.‎ ‎3．动名词的完成式、被动式、完成被动式和带有逻辑主语的复合结构。‎ We remembered having seen the film.‎ He came to the party without being invited.‎ He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.‎ His not knowing English troubled him a lot.‎ ‎4．现在分词的完成式和被动式。‎ 当现在分词的动作早于谓语动作发生时，现在分词要用完成式。‎ Having done his homework，he played basketball.‎ 当现在分词的逻辑主语为其动作的承受者时，现在分词要用被动式。‎ The problem being discussed is very important.‎ Having been told many times，the naughty boy made the same mistake.‎ 考点一、非谓语动词作状语 例1、(2016·新课标Ⅲ，63)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ________(create)special designs.‎ ‎【答案】to create　【解析】句意：熟练的工匠也把硬木和金属结合在一起制作特殊的图案。此处为动词不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎【变式探究】【2015·重庆】11. Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way____ the sun and the stars.‎ A. used B. having used C. using D. use ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】句意：象古代的水手，鸟能利用太阳和星辰来找到他们的路。Using是伴随状语。‎ 考点二、非谓语动词作主语、表语、宾语 例2、(2016·新课标Ⅰ，67)My ambassadorial duties will include ________(introduce)British visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.‎ ‎【答案】introducing　‎ ‎【变式探究】【2015·陕西】18. Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother good care of at home.‎ A. taking B. taken C. take D. be taken ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意：在非洲医疗援助两年回来后，Dr. Lee很高兴看见妈妈被照顾得很好。his mother和take care of是被动关系，用过去分词做宾语补足语，所以选B。‎ 考点三、非谓语动词的否定式、进行式、完成式和被动式 例3、(2016·新课标Ⅲ，63)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ________(create)special designs.‎ ‎【答案】to create　‎ ‎【解析】句意：熟练的工匠也把硬木和金属结合在一起制作特殊的图案。此处为动词不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎【变式探究】【2015·浙江】18. Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it live is quite another.‎ ‎ A. perform B. performing C. to perform D. being performed ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】句意：在家里面听音乐是一回事，去到现场听又是另一回事。hear sb/sth doing 表听到某人某物做某事。由于音乐是被演奏的，所以需要被动，所以选D。分析4个选项知道，答案所使用的是同一个动词，不同的是时态、语态或者是非谓语形式。 A是动词原形，B是非谓语现在分词形式，C是非谓语的不定式，D是非谓语的现在分词被动形式。分析句子结构以及用法，不难知道音乐是被演奏的，所以需要被动，所以选D。‎ ‎1．（2017·江苏卷）Many Chinese brands, ____________ their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.‎ A. having developed B. being developed ‎ C. developed D. developing ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。brands是逻辑主语，和develop是主谓关系，所以用现在分词，表示伴随状况；再根据＂over centuries＂可知，应该使用现在分词的完成式，故选A。‎ ‎2．（2017·江苏卷）21. Many Chinese brands, _______ their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.‎ A. having developed B. being developed C. developed D. developing ‎【答案】A ‎3．（2017·北京）Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ______ their valuable time.‎ A. save B. saving C. to save D. saved ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】 句意：许多航空公司现在允许乘客网上打印他们的登机牌来节省时间。此处是动词不定式表目的，故选C。‎ ‎4．（2017·北京）The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _________ from butterflies to elephants.‎ A. ranging B. range C. to range D. ranged ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】句意：国家公园有许多的野生动物，包括从蝴蝶到大象等等。此处野生动物和range之间是主动关系，用现在分词，故选A。‎ ‎5．（2017·北京）Jim has retired, but he still remember the happy time _______ with his students.‎ A. to spend B. spend C. spending D. spent ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】句意：Jim已经退休了，但是他依然记得和学生一起度过的快乐时光。句子已经有了谓语，空格只能填非谓语动词，逻辑主语是time，和spend之间是被动关系，故用过去分词spent。‎ ‎6．（2017•天津）The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _____ more patients to be treated.‎ A. being allowed B. allowing C. having allowed D. allowed ‎【答案】B ‎7．（2017•天津）I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ______.‎ A. catching B. caught C. to catch D. to be caught ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】句意：在整个会议期间我一直在看钟表，因为我要去敢火车。根据上文判断出as引导原因状语从句，根据have在本句中，词义为“有”，根据固定结构 Sb have sth to do 某人又某事要做（在本句中to do 由主语完成），根据句意判断出本句符合本结构。故选C。‎ ‎1．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，66)．..a TV show in the mid1980s，when I was the first Western TV reporter________(permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.‎ ‎【答案】permitted　‎ ‎【解析】句意：……那时我是第一个被允许拍摄一个特殊的关于照料……的单元的西方电视台记者。TV ‎ reporter和permit之间是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。‎ ‎2．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，67)My ambassadorial duties will include ________(introduce)British visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.‎ ‎【答案】introducing　‎ ‎【解析】句意：我的大使职责将包括把英国参观者介绍给成都的120多只大熊猫及其他一些在碧峰峡雾山中一个研究中心里的熊猫们。include为及物动词，后面应用动名词形式作宾语。‎ ‎3．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，49)If you find something you love doing outside of the office，you'll be less likely ________(bring)your work home.‎ ‎【答案】to bring　‎ ‎【解析】句意：如果你在办公室外面发现了你喜欢做的事情，你就不太可能把工作带回家去做。be likely to do sth.“可能做某事”。‎ ‎4．(2016·新课标Ⅲ，63)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ________(create)special designs.‎ ‎【答案】to create　‎ ‎【解析】句意：熟练的工匠也把硬木和金属结合在一起制作特殊的图案。此处为动词不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎5．(2016·新课标Ⅲ，64)People probably cooked their food in large pots，________(use)twigs(树枝)to remove it.‎ ‎【答案】using　‎ ‎6．(2016·四川， 64)For 25 days，she never left her baby，not even to find something ________(eat)!‎ ‎【答案】to eat　‎ ‎【解析】句意：她25天都没有离开过她的孩子，甚至没找吃的东西。修饰不定代词something应用动词不定式作后置定语。‎ ‎7．(2016·浙江，1)—Are you sure you're ready for the test?‎ ‎—No problem.I'm well ________(prepare)for it.‎ ‎【答案】prepared　‎ ‎【解析】句意：——你确定你准备好考试了吗？——没问题。我已经做好准备了。I作主语，be动词后要接动词的ed形式充当表语。‎ ‎8．(2016·浙江，10)To return to the problem of water pollution，I'd like you to look at a study ________(conduct)in Australia in 2012.‎ ‎【答案】conducted　‎ ‎【解析】句意：为了回到水污染的问题，我想要你研究一下2012年澳大利亚进行的研究。这里用过去分词表示被动和完成，充当定语修饰前面的名词study。‎ ‎9．(2016·浙江，13)A sudden stop can be a very ________(frighten)experience，especially if you are travelling at high speed.‎ ‎【答案】frightening　‎ ‎【解析】句意：突然停止会是一次可怕的经历，尤其是如果你正以高速运行的时候。主语是表示物的A sudden stop，所以be动词后面用动词的ing形式作表语。‎ ‎10．(2016·浙江，19)I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do ________(work)with students.‎ ‎【答案】working　‎ ‎【解析】句意：我在海上航行和现在做的和学生一起进行的工作一样快乐。这里用现在分词表示伴随。‎ ‎11．(2016·北京，26)________(make)it easier to get in touch with us，you'd better keep this card at hand.‎ ‎【答案】To make　‎ ‎【解析】句意：为了与我们联系更方便一些，你最好把这张卡片随身带着。分析句子成分可知，本空在句中作目的状语，因此用不定式。‎ ‎12．(2016·北京，28)________(order)over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now.‎ ‎【答案】Ordered　‎ ‎13．(2016·北京，32)Newlybuilt wooden cottages line the street，________(turn)the old town into a dreamland.‎ ‎【答案】turning　‎ ‎【解析 ‎】句意：新建的小木屋排列在街道边，把这个古镇变成了一个人间仙境。本空动词没有连词与谓语连接，此时要用非谓语动词。cottages和turn是主动关系，故用现在分词作结果状语表示主动含义。‎ ‎14．(2016·天津，4)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows，________(make)air conditioning unnecessary.‎ ‎【答案】making　‎ ‎【解析】句意：凉爽的风通过卧室的窗户吹进来，没有必要开空调了。此处表示顺其自然的结果，The cooling wind与make是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作结果状语。‎ ‎1.(2015·江苏，24)Much time (spend)sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.‎ ‎【解析】句意：大部分时间坐办公桌，办公室职员通常被健康问题所困扰。time 与spend之间构成被动关系，另外该题实际考查了非谓语动词的独立主格结构。‎ ‎【答案】spent ‎2.(2015·湖南，30)When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, (wonder)whether to stay or leave.‎ ‎【解析】句意：当店员看到一张充满善意的脸上挂着满怀歉意的微笑时，她呆呆地站在原地，不知该走还是不走。wondering 是现在分词作伴随状语，修饰动词stood。‎ ‎【答案】wondering ‎3.(2015·湖南，34)Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students (talk)over what is bothering them.‎ ‎【答案】to talk ‎4.(2015·北京，21) (catch)the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.‎ ‎【解析】句意：为了赶上早班飞机，我们提前预定了出租车并且很早就起了床。此处用不定式作目的状语，表示提前预定出租车并且早起的目的。[来源:学§科§网]‎ ‎【答案】To catch ‎5.(2015·北京，23)The park was full of people, (enjoy)themselves in the sunshine.‎ ‎【解析】句意：公园里挤满了人，他们在阳光下过得很快乐。people和enjoy之间是主谓关系，且非谓语动词动作与谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生，故用现在分词的一般式。‎ ‎【答案】enjoying ‎6.(2015·北京，31)If (accept)for the job, you'll be informed soon.‎ ‎【解析】句意：如果录用你做这份工作，你将会很快得到通知。句子的主语you和动词accept之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。‎ ‎【答案】accepted ‎7.(2015·浙江，18)Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it (perform)live is quite another.‎ ‎【解析】句意：在家听音乐是一回事，去现场听音乐演奏是另外一回事。hear...doing...听到……正在做……，此处宾语it与动词perform之间为动宾关系，故要用现在分词的被动形式作宾语补足语。‎ ‎【答案】being performed ‎8.(2015·重庆，6) (raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.‎ ‎【解析】句意：因为是在Glasgow 最贫穷的地区被抚养大，成为一名足球明星，他走过了一段很长很艰苦的路。分析句子成分可知此处是非谓语动词作状语，he和raise之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。‎ ‎【答案】Raised ‎9.(2015·重庆，11)Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way (use)the sun and the stars.‎ ‎【解析】句意：就像古时候的水手一样，鸟能利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。根据语境，use与其句中隐含的逻辑主语birds之间为主动关系，故用v.－ing形式的一般式，在句中作伴随状语，表示与find同时发生。‎ ‎【答案】using ‎10.(2015·陕西，17)After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on (thank)all the people who had helped in her career.‎ ‎【解析】句意：在获得奥斯卡最佳女演员提名奖之后，安妮·本尼迪克特继续感谢那些所有在她的事业中帮助她的人。考查固定搭配。go on to do继续做另一件事；go on doing继续做同一件事。获奖和帮助是两件事。‎ ‎【答案】to thank ‎11.(2015·陕西，18)Back from his two－year medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother (take)good care of at home.‎ ‎【答案】taken ‎12.(2015·天津，5) (absorb)in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.‎ ‎【解析】句意：沉迷于绘画中，约翰没有注意时间已到了傍晚。考查非谓语动词。此处的Absorbed in painting相当于原因状语从句Because he was absorbed in painting的省略。‎ ‎【答案】Absorbed ‎13.(2015·天津，8) (work)for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.‎ ‎【解析】句意：工作了两天后，史蒂夫设法准时完成了报告。考查非谓语动词。动词work与句子主语Steve之间为主谓关系，故要用现在分词，同时work的动作发生在谓语动词managed to finish之前，故要用完成时形式。‎ ‎【答案】Having worked ‎14.(2015·安徽，27) (ignore)the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.‎ ‎【解析】句意：忽视两者研究成果的区别将是你犯的最糟糕的错误之一。 考查非谓语动词的句法功能； 该题考查动名词作主语。‎ ‎【答案】Ignoring ‎15.(2015·福建，28) (learn)more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.‎ ‎【答案】To learn ‎16.(2015·福建，33)In recent years an English word “infosphere” has appeared， (combine)the sense of “information” and “atmosphere”.‎ ‎【解析】句意：最近几年，一个英语单词“infosphere”出现了，感觉是把“information”和“atmosphere”两个词结合在了一起。考查非谓语动词作状语，combine和其逻辑主语word是主动关系。‎ ‎【答案】combining ‎1.（2014安徽卷）32．While waiting for the opportunity to get , Henry did his best to perform ‎ his duty.‎ A. promote B. promoted C. promoting D. to promote ‎【考点】考察谓语动词用法 ‎【答案】B[来源:学#科#网]‎ ‎【解析】本题考察的非谓语动词的固定搭配“get+过去分词”，如“get burnt”被烫伤，get paid获得报酬；本句中的get promoted获得提拔。句义：在等待着背提拔的机会的时候，Herry全力以赴地尽好自己的责任。故B正确。‎ ‎2.（2014北京卷）28. There are still many problems ______ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.‎ A. solving B. solved ‎ C. being solved D.to be solved ‎【考点】考察非谓语动词用法 ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】本题考察的是非谓语动词的基本用法。现在分词doing表示主动或者正在进行的动作；过去分词done表示被动或者已经完成的动作，不定式to do 表示主动或者将要发生的动作。句意：在我们准备在月球上长期生活之前，还有很多问题有待于解决。根据句意可知很多问题还没有被解决，都是未来将要发生的事情，所以使用不定式。而这些问题又是要被解决的，所以使用不定式的被动语态。故D正确。‎ ‎3.（2014大纲卷）23. Toady there are more airplanes _____ more people than ever before in the skies.‎ A. carry B. carrying C. carried D. to be carrying ‎ ‎【考点】考察非谓语动词 ‎【答案】B ‎4.（2014天津卷）7. Clearly and thoughtfully________, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.‎ A. writing B. to write C. written D. being written ‎【考点】考察非谓语动词用法 ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】本句考察的是非谓语动词做状语的用法。句中动词write与句子逐渐与the book构成逻辑上的被动关系，所以使用过去分词表示被动。排除AB项，因为AB项都表示主动，D项是现在分词的被动形式，表示动作正在被做。而本句的过去分词written表示被动和已经完成。句义：被写得很清楚很周到，这本书激励着那些追求自己生活中的答案的学生。故C正确。‎ ‎5.（2014重庆卷 ）5. The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras ______ to our shop for quality problems.‎ A.turning B. returned C. to turn D. to be returned ‎ ‎【考点】考察非谓语动词 ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】本题考察的是非谓语动词中分词做定语的用法。本句中的动词return与前面的名词cameras构成逻辑上的被动关系，所以使用过去分词短语在句中做定语来修饰cameras，从语法作用上来说相当于一个定语从句which are returned ….。D项中使用的是不定式的被动形式，表示的将来要发生的事情。句意：这位生产商经常过来收集因为质量问题被退还的相机。故B正确。‎ ‎6.（2014重庆卷 ）11.Group activities will be organized after class _____ children develop team spirit.‎ A. helping B. having helped C. helped D. to help ‎【考点】考察非谓语动词用法 ‎【答案】D ‎7.（2014福建卷）30. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying________.‎ A. connected B. connecting C. to connect D. to be connected ‎【考点】考察非谓语动词用法 ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】系动词stay/get后面经常接过去分词转换的形容词，如get paid获得报酬。Get burnt被烫伤；本句中的stay ‎ connected保持联系。句义：对于那些家人在远方的人，电脑和电话在和家人保持联系方面是很重要的。故A正确。‎ ‎8.（2014湖南卷）23.____your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.‎ A. Understanding B. To be understood C. Being understood D. Having understood ‎【考点】考察非谓语动词 ‎【答案】A [来源:Zxxk.Com]‎ ‎【解析】本题考察的是非谓语动词中的动名词做主语的用法。本句中的动名词定语understanding your own needs and styles of communication在句中是主语，单个的非谓语动词做主语，谓语动词要使用单数形式。句义：理解你自己的需要和交流方式和知道表达你的爱和情绪一样重要。本句不存在被动关系，排除BC项。D项是现在分词的完成式，表示的是已经完成的动作，与句义不相符。故A正确。‎ ‎9.（2014湖南卷）27. There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, _____at the night sky.‎ A. to stare B. staring C. stared D, having stared ‎【考点】考察非谓语动词 ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】本题考察的是非谓语动词做状语的用法。前面句中的隐含主语是I，主语I和后面的动词stare之间构成主动关系，所以使用现在分词做状语，表示该动词与前面句中的动词同时发生。句义：没有什么快乐可能和躺着草地上看着夜晚的天空更让人快乐！A项不定式表示的将来的动作故B正确。‎ ‎10.（2014湖南卷）35. ourselves from the physical and mental tensions，we each need deep thought and inner quietness.‎ A. Having freed B. Freed C. To free D. Freeing ‎【考点】考察非谓语动词用法 ‎【答案】C ‎11.（2014江苏卷）29. His lecture____, a lively question-and-answer session followed.‎ A. being given B. having given C. to be given D. having been given ‎【考点】考察非谓语动词用法 ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】本题较难，a lively question-and-answer session followed是一个完整的句子，本题的两部分之间缺少连词，所以逗号前面的不能是句子，只能是一个独立主格结构。名词his lecture与动词give之间构成被动关系，所以使用过去分词表示被动，排除B项。A项表示正在进行，C项不定式表示将要进行。都符合语义，D项having been done在做状语的时候相当于done。本句的独立主格结构His lecture having been given相当于After his lecture had been given。句意：他的演讲结束后，将是一个现场问答部分。故D正确。‎ ‎12.（2014江苏卷）35.— ! Somebody has left the lab door open.‎ ‎—Don't look at me.‎ A. Dear me B. Hi, there C. Thank goodness D. Come on ‎【考点】考察交际用语 ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】本题考察的是交际用语。Dear me天哪！（表示惊讶）Hi，there嗨，你好；Thank goodness谢天谢地；Come on加油；得了吧！句意：—天哪！有人让实验室的门开着。—不要看着我！不是我干的。根据句意可知前者对于实验室的门还开着很惊讶。故选择A项。‎ ‎13.（2014江西卷）31. ___nearly all our money , we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel .‎ A. Having spent B. To spent C. Spent D. To have spent ‎【考点】考察非谓语动词用法 ‎【答案】A ‎14.（2014江西卷）34.He is thought ___foolishly .Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job .‎ A. to act B. to have acted C. acting D. having acted ‎【考点】考察非谓语动词用法 ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】本句考察的是固定句式：Sb be though to…某人被认为…；如果表示的是一个已经完成的动作，就使用不定式的完成式，如果是正在进行的动作，就使用不定式的进行式。句义：他被认为表现很糟糕，现在他只能责怪自己丢了那份工作。根据句义可知他表现很糟糕是在丢掉工作之前，所以使用不定式的完成式。故B正确。‎ ‎15.（2014山东卷）6. There is a note pinned to the door______ when the shop will open again. ‎ ‎ A. saying B. says C. said D. having said ‎ ‎【考点】考察非谓语动词 ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】本句考察的是非谓语动词中的分词做定语的用法。本句中的名词note与动词say之间构成主动关系，所以使用现在分词短语作定语。D项是现在分词的完成式，表示已经完成的动作，这在上下文中没有体现。句义：有一个纸条被钉在门上，写着：商店什么时候再开门。本句中的saying相当于定语从句which says…。故A正确。‎ ‎16.（2014山东卷）9. It’s standard practice for a company like this one______ a security officer. ‎ A. employed B. being employed C. to employ D. employs ‎ ‎【考点】考察非谓语动词用法 ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】本题考察的是不定式的复合结构的用法。不定式的复合结构为：for sb to do sth；说明不定式动作的发出者。如：It is difficult for you to solve the problem.句义：对于像这样的公司雇佣保安是非常标准的做法。故C正确。‎ ‎17.（2014陕西卷）12. It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like _________ for a swim?‎ A. to go B. going C go D. having gone ‎ ‎【考点】考察非谓语动词用法 ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】本题考察的是固定搭配feel like doing sth想要做某事；动词短语feel like后面只能接动名词做宾语。句义：今天很人，你想要去游泳吗？D项表示的是已经完成的动作。故B正确。‎ ‎18.（2014陕西卷）20. ________ the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times.‎ A. Working out B. Worked out C. To work out D. Work out ‎【考点】考察非谓语动词用法 ‎【答案】C ‎19.（2014四川卷）5. The manager was satisfied to see many new products ______ after great effort.‎ A. having developed B. to develop C. developed D. develop ‎【考点】考察非谓语动词用法 ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】此题考查的是过去分词developed作感官动词see的宾语many new products的补足语，因为develop与宾语products间为被动关系，故使用过去分词。句意：经理很满意地看见在付出巨大努力之后看到很多新产品被研发出来。A项表示的是主动关系，B项不定式表示为了将要发生的事情。故C正确。‎ ‎20.（2014四川卷）7. — I hope to take the computer course.‎ ‎— Good idea. ____ more about it, visit this website.‎ A. To find out B. Finding out C. To be finding out D. Having found out ‎【考点】考察不定式做目的状语 ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词中的不定式用法。动词不定式可以放在句首作目的状语，译为“为了…”。句意：——我想参加这个电脑课程。——好主意。要想得到更多有关的信息，请登陆这个网站。Visit this website是一个祈使句，表示建议。故A正确。‎ ‎21.（2014天津卷）5. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _________ it didn’t fit A. to find B. found C. finding D. having found ‎【考点】考察非谓语动词用法 ‎【答案】A ‎（2013·新课标I卷）35. The sunlight is white and blinding, _______ hard-edged shadows on the ground. ‎ A. throwing B. being thrown C. to throw D. to be thrown ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】句子主语the sunlight和throw是主动关系，故用现在分词。此处是现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然的结果。故选A。句意：阳光炽白炫目，在地上投下浓重的阴影。‎ ‎【考点定位】本题考查非谓语动词的用法。‎ ‎（2013·新课标I卷）22. They might just have a place ________ on the writing course— why don’t you give it a try? ‎ A. leave B. left C. leaving D. to leave ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】此处left过去分词作定语修饰a place，被留下的留给写作课程的地方（机会）。句意：他们可能还有个学习写作课的机会，你为什么不试一试呢？‎ ‎【考点定位】本题考查非谓语动词的用法。‎ ‎（2013·新课标Ⅱ卷)5.I got to the office earlier that day, the 7:30 train from Paddington.‎ A.caught B. to have caught C. to catch D. having caught ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意“那天我早到了办公室，（因为）赶上了7:30那趟来自帕丁顿的火车。”catch发生在got之前，应该用完成式，having caught表示原因，相当于because引导的原因状语从句。故选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】非谓语动词。‎ ‎（2013·浙江）19.There are some health problems that, when ____in time, can become bigger ones later on.‎ A.not treated B. not being treated ‎ C. not to be treated D. not having been treated ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】句意：有很多健康问题，如果得不到及时处理的话可能会变得很糟糕。此处非谓语动词做条件状语，其逻辑主语是health problems，被动关系，一般式，相当于when they are not treated in time。‎ 注意BCD三个选项与A项的区别：B表示非谓语动词的动作与谓语动词同时发生；C项表示非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词之后；D项表示非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词之前。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎（2013·浙江）7.______how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.‎ A.Hearing B. Hear C. Having heard D. To be hearing ‎【答案】A ‎【考点定位】非谓语动词。‎ ‎（2013·大纲卷）25.I got to the office earlier that day, the 7:30 train from Paddington.‎ A.caught B. to have caught C. to catch D. having caught ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意“那天我早到了办公室，（因为）赶上了7:30那趟来自帕丁顿的火车。”catch发生在got之前，应该用完成式，having caught表示原因，相当于Because引导的原因状语从句。故选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】非谓语动词。‎ ‎（2013·北京卷)29.When we saw the road with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. ‎ A. block B. to block C. blocking D. blocked ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】根据句子结构可知，此处的block是非谓语，作road的宾语补足语，而同时road和block之前存在着被动关系，因此选择D项，句意为，当我们看到路被大雪挡住的时候，我们决定这个假期就呆在家里了。‎ ‎【考点定位】考察非谓语动词。‎ ‎（2013·北京卷)24. the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.‎ A. Find B. Finding C. To find D. Found ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】根据句子结构可知， the course very difficult在句中作原因状语（非谓语），因此排除A选项，find的逻辑主语是she,并且存在主动关系，因此排除D选项。C选项表示目的，根据句意可以排除，因此选择B项。句意为，发现这个课程非常难，因此她决定去一个相对低一些层次的课程。‎ ‎【考点定位】考察非谓语动词（状语）‎ ‎（2013·湖南卷)31. ________ warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.‎ ‎ A. Staying B. Stayed C. To stay D. Stay ‎【答案】C ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词中的不定式。‎ ‎（2013·湖南卷)29. You cannot accept an opinion ________ to you unless it is based on facts.‎ ‎ A. offering B. to offer C. having offered D. offered ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】句意：你不能接受什么观点，除非它以事实为基础。动词offer的逻辑主语就是opinion，opinion和动词offer构成逻辑上的被动关系，表被动，用过去分词。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词中的过去分词。‎ ‎（2013·湖南卷)25. The sun began to rise in the sky, ________ the mountain in golden light.‎ ‎ A. bathed B. bathing C. to have bathed D. have bathed ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意：太阳开始从东方升起，整个山都沐浴在霞光中。太阳开始从东方升起，伴随的动作是整个山都沐浴在霞光中，动词bathe的逻辑主语就是前面的the sun began to rise in the sky,构成逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词，在这里表伴随，也可说表结果。做非谓语动词有关的试题时，一定要找到这个动词的逻辑主语，看该动词和其逻辑主语构成逻辑上的什么关系，就好做了，可以这样记忆：不定式to do表目的，表结果，表动词的全过程；现在分词或动名词doing表动词正在进行，表逻辑上的主谓关系，表一种状态；过去分词done表被动，表完成。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词中的现在分词。‎ ‎（2013·江西卷)34. If _____ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.‎ A. asked B. to ask C. asking D. having asked ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】句意为：如果有人要你照看一下行李，立即找警察帮忙。主句inform the police at once=You can inform the police at once. 隐含了一个主语you。If 状语从句中ask与主句主语you含着逻辑被动关系，所以用过去分词asked. ‎ ‎【考点定位】非谓语动词的考查。‎ ‎（2013·山东卷)33. ________ at the cafeteria before, Tina didn’t want to eat there again. ‎ A. Having eaten B. To eat C. Eat D. Eating ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词 ‎（2013·山东卷)29. I stopped the car ____ a short break as I was feeling tired. ‎ A. take B. taking C. to take D. taken ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】句意：我停下车来休息一会儿，因为我感觉累了。此处动词不定式表目的，故选C。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词 ‎（2013·山东卷)25. The room is empty except for a bookshelf _____ in one corner. ‎ A. standing B. to stand C. stands D. stood ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】现在分词standing作bookshelf后置定语，表主动进行。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词 ‎（2013·四川)10. The airport _______ next year will help promote tourism in this area.‎ ‎ A. being completed B. to be completed ‎ C. completed D. having been completed ‎【答案】 B ‎【解析】 句意：明年即将完工的机场将促进这个地区旅游业的发展。To be completed作后置定语修饰the airport，另外complete与其逻辑主语（the airport）是动宾关系，故用被动；另外句中有next year，表示还没有完工，综合起来，故选B。being completed表示正在被完成；completed表示完成了，含有被动和完成；having been completed表示已经完成了，表示该动作先于谓语动词动作发生。‎ ‎【考点定位】考察非谓语动词用法。‎ ‎（2013·四川)8. _______ which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice.‎ ‎ A. Not knowing B. Knowing not C. Not known D. Known not ‎【答案】 A ‎【考点定位】考察非谓语动词及其否定形式。‎ ‎（2013·天津卷)10. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words _______in daily conversations.‎ A. using B. to use C. having used D. used ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】句意：“有些语言，100个词汇就占了日常会话中的一半词汇。”这是非谓语动词做定语，words与use之间存在被动关系，所以选D。A表示正在发生，B表示将来，C表示非谓语动作先于谓语动作发生，D表示被动和完成。非谓语动词做定语用法的区别在于时间：to do表将来，doing表现在，done表被动或完成。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词的用法。非谓语动词包括to do（动词不定式），doing（-ing形式），done（过去分词），一般要从功能上对他们进行区分：定语、状语，宾语补足语，主语，宾语及表演等方面；尤其要关注状语、定语等方面。‎ ‎（2013·辽宁卷)28.Lauro was away in Paris for over a week.When she got home,there was a pile of mails for her A.waited B.to wait C.waiting D.was waiting ‎【答案】C.‎ ‎【解析】句意：劳若远在巴黎一周多的时间。当她到家时，有一堆的信件等她处理。根据句型“There be +主语+v-ing+其他”判断选择。此处考生易受汉语影响而选择D。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎（2013·重庆卷)34. The engine just won’t start. Something seems ______ wrong with it.‎ A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone ‎【答案】B。‎ ‎【解析】首先，seem之后常接不定式，表示“似乎怎么样了”，不接doing；其次，出问题是发生在seem之前，所以要用不定式的完成式。‎ ‎【考点定位】本题考查非谓语动词中的不定式。‎ ‎（2013·重庆卷)30. When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, ______ me stories till I fell asleep.‎ A. having told B. telling C. told D. to tell ‎【答案】B。‎ ‎【考点定位】本题考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎（2013·安徽卷)32. in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art.‎ A. To found B. Founding C. Founded D. Having founded ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】建立于20世纪初期，这所学校坚持鼓舞孩子们对艺术的爱好。过去分词作伴随状语，表示发生过的被动的动作，和句子主语是逻辑上的动宾关系。结合语境可知选C。‎ ‎ ‎