2020届二轮英语特优复习专题一阅读第4讲课件

2020届二轮英语特优复习专题一阅读第4讲课件

专 题 突 破 第 二 部 分 第一板块　阅读 专题一　阅读理解 第 4 讲　主旨大意题 栏 目 导 航 02 高 考 例 析 03 追 踪 练 习 04 课 后 作 业 01 考 点 突 破 01 考 点 突 破 (2019 全国卷 I, D) During the rosy years of elementary school( 小学 ), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground.Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself. 02 高 考 例 析 Popularity is a well － explored subject in social psychology.Mitch Prinstein , a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers.The likables ' plays － well － with － others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump － start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there's the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior. Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr.Prinstein's studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “ most likely to engage( 从事 )in dangerous and risky behavior. ” In one study, Dr.Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys( 调查研究 ) ． “ We found that the least well － liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status.It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us. ” Dr.Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date － sharing, kindness, openness － carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others. In analyzing his and other research, Dr.Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too.“Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said. ( 　　 )1.What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school? A ． Unkind. B ． Lonely. C ． Generous. D ． Cool. ( 　　 )2. What is the second paragraph mainly about? A ． The classification of the popular. B ． The characteristics of adolescents. C ． The importance of interpersonal skills. D ． The causes of dishonorable behavior. ( 　　 )3.What did Dr.Prinstein's study find about the most liked kids? A ． They appeared to be aggressive. B ． They tended to be more adaptable. C ． They enjoyed the highest status. D ． They performed well academically. ( 　　 )4. What is the best title for the text? A ． Be Nice － You Won't Finish Last B ． The Higher the Status, the Better C ． Be the Best － You Can Make It D ． More Self － Control, Less Aggressiveness 【 语篇解读 】 这是一篇说明文，说明学生时代受欢迎与被喜欢与人生发展和机遇的关联。 【 思路点拨 】 1 ． C 　细节理解题。文章开篇形容小学时候的自己的关键词有： “ rosy” “enjoy sharing” “high social status” 和 “ queen” 。故可知，她是大方的、慷慨的。 A 和 B 两项很容易被排除。接着是 “ Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids” ， mean 的意思是 “ 刻薄的 ” ， cool 在语境中的语意要根据后面所列举的事例来判断，她们是通过抽烟，违反纪律和作弄别人来表现自己， cool 在此的语意就是 “ 装酷，扮酷 ” ，因此并非是答案。故答案是 C 。 2 ． A 　主旨大意题。核心句子在第二段的第二句：一名临床心理学教授把受欢迎分为两类。这样核心词汇就定下来了是 popular 或是 popularity ，四个选项中只有 A 选项含有这个词，另外 A 选项中的 classification 就是分类的意思，所以答案是 A 。 3 ． B 　推理判断题。问的是最受人喜欢的孩子。注意区别 “ 好斗的 ” 是那些不受人喜欢的和地位高的孩子，而受人喜欢的孩子通常会 “ 做出健康的调整 ” ，邻居喜欢他们跟自己的孩子玩，他们分享，善良并且率真，日后他们会更好地与他人相处。所以他们会更易于适应，答案是 B 。 4 ． A 　主旨大意题。注意抓住主旨要义，文章并不是在说人们地位越高越好，也没有鼓励说做最好的，你能行，也没有在论证多些自控，少些攻击性，而是在提倡友好，做受欢迎的孩子，文章最后一句话也是扣题的。 A 选项中的 You Won't Finish Last 可理解为 “ 你将会有无穷的收获 ” 。 (2018 全国卷 Ⅰ ， B) Good Morning Britain 's Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. In Sa v e Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under ￡ 5 per family a day.And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she's been able to put a lot of what she's learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11. “ We love Mexican churros , so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant ， ” she explains. “ I pay ￡ 5 for a portion( 一份 ), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil.Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we're not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. ” The eight － part series( 系列节目 ), Sa v e Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV's Sa v e Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market. With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week.In tonight's Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget.The team transforms the family's long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes. ( 　　 )1.What do we know about Susanna Reid? A ． She enjoys embarrassing her guests. B ． She has started a new programme . C ． She dislikes working early in the morning. D ． She has had a light budget for her family. ( 　　 )2.How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna? A ． He buys cooking materials for her. B ． He prepares food for her kids. C ． He assists her in cooking matters. D ． He invites guest families for her. ( 　　 )3.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4? A ． Summarize the previous paragraphs. B ． Provide some advice for the readers. C ． Add some background information. D ． Introduce a new topic for discussion. ( 　　 )4. What can be a suitable title for the text? A ． Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B ． Balancing Our Daily Diet C ． Making Yourself a Perfect Chef D ． Cooking Well for Less 【 语篇解读 】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一档英国系列电视节目，给观众介绍如何减少食物浪费以及如何以较少的预算做出美味佳肴。 【 思路点拨 】 1 ． B 　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的 “ Good Morning Britain 's Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role … ” 可知，她开辟了一个新的节目。故选 B 。 2 ． C 　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的 “ In Sa v e Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under ￡ 5 per family a day. ” 可知， Susanna 在 Matt Tebbutt 的帮助下，提供如何减少食物浪费同时给每日生活费低于 5 英镑的每个家庭准备食谱。故选 C 。 3 ． C 　写作意图题。根据文章第四段中的 “ which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market” 可知， Sa v e Money: Good Food 节目是在 Sa v e Money: Good Health 节目之后，给观众一些建议：如何从众多的市场上的健康产品中获取价值。故选 C 。 4 ． D 　主旨大意题。根据文章的整体内容可知，文章作者一直在讲如何用较少的钱做出好的食物。根据文章第一段最后一句中的 “ prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget” 在资金紧张的情况下，准备可口且有营养的饭菜；第二段中的 “ how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under ￡ 5 per family a day ” 如何减少食物浪费同时给每日生活费低于 5 英镑的每个家庭准备食谱；第三段最后一句话中的 “ how cheaply we can make this food ourselves” 自己做这种食物有多便宜；及全文最后一句话中的 “ less expensive but still tasty recipes” 不贵可仍然可口的食谱。可以推知 D 正确。 03 追 踪 练 习 (2019 全国卷 Ⅱ ， D) Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms( 微生物 ) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? It's turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York. HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they're close to a solution( 解决方案 ). “ We don't give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers ， ” says Florence Gold, a project manager. “ There are no tests ， ” Gordon says. “ There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than ‘ Are you working towards your goal ？ ’ Basically, it's ‘ I've got to produce this product and then, at the end of year, present it to NASA. ’ Engineers come and really do an in － person review, and … it's not a very nice thing at times. It's a hard business review of your product. ” Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact( 影响 ) on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don't teach.” And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space. ( 　　 )1.What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station? A ． They are hard to get rid of. B ． They lead to air pollution. C ． They appear different forms. D ． They damage the instruments. ( 　　 )2.What is the purpose of the HUNCH program? A ． To strengthen teacher － student relationships. B ． To sharpen students' communication skills. C ． To allow students to experience zero gravity. D ． To link space technology with school education. ( 　　 )3.What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program? A ． Check their product. B ． Guide project designs. C ． Adjust work schedules. D ． Grade their homework. ( 　　 )4. What is the best title for the text? A ． NASA: The Home of Astronauts B ． Space: The Final Homework Frontier C ． Nature: An Outdoor Classroom D ． HUNCH: A College Admission Reform 【 语篇解读 】 这是一篇说明文。它以 “ 细菌对于宇航员来说是个讨厌的主题作为切入点，介绍了 HUNCH 项目，突出校园与 NASA 合作促进教学的优势。 ” 1 ． A 　细节理解题。由第一段 “ The microorganisms from our bodies … each week. ” 可知，在宇宙空间站，细菌很难被摆脱掉。故选 A 。 2 ． D 　推理判断题。由第二段 “ HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. ” 可知该项目旨在促进空间技术和学校教育之间的联系，故选 D 。 3 ． A 　细节理解题。由第三段 “ Engineers come and really do an in － person review, and … it's not a very nice thing at times. ” 可知，美国国家航空和宇宙航行局 (NASA) 的工程师会对学生们的产品亲自进行评估，故选 A 。 4 ． B 　主旨大意题。根据最后一段 “ Gordon says his students are emailing … workable solution to test in space. ” 可知本文的最佳标题是：空间站：前沿的终极作业；故选 B 。 04 课 后 作 业 谢 谢 观 看