2019届高考英语复习热点题型专练：（6）阅读理解（六）

2019届高考英语复习热点题型专练：（6）阅读理解（六）

阅读理解（六）‎ A Golden Gate Bridge Located in San Francisco, the Golden Gate Bridge started in the year 1933 to connect the San Francisco Peninsula with Marin County.It was finally thrown open to public in 1937.It cost more than$35 million in the construction.Till the year 1957, the Golden Gate Bridge, at a length of 2,737 meters, was the longest suspension bridge in the world.‎ Brooklyn Bridge The Brooklyn Bridge is located in Brooklyn.It is one of the oldest bridges in the United States, opened in the year 1883.The length of the bridge is 1,825 meters.The bridge has been featured in several Hollywood movies.‎ George Washington Bridge Also known as the Hudson River Bridge, the George Washington Bridge which connects Fort Lee to Manhattan came into use in 1931 after a construction period of almost 4 years.It is a twolevel suspension bridge.‎ Mackinac Bridge This is the third biggest suspension bridge in the world at a length of 8,038 meters.The architect of this bridge was Dr.David B．Steinman who directed the construction of the bridge which started in the year 1954 and opened to the public in 1957.People using this bridge are charged a certain amount of money.‎ Navajo Bridge Located in Arizona, this bridge crosses the Colorado River and is almost 250 meters long.The construction of this bridge started in the year 1927, ending two years later, costing $390,000.In the 1990s a second bridge was built which was opened to the public in 1995.The first bridge is still used by pedestrians now.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了美国五座著名的大桥。‎ ‎1．What do we know about the Golden Gate Bridge?‎ A．It consists of two bridges.‎ B．It costs the least of the five bridges.‎ C．It is the longest suspension bridge in the world.‎ D．It takes about 4 years to complete the construction.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“the Golden Gate Bridge started in the ‎ year 1933 ... thrown open to public in 1937”可推知，金门大桥的建筑时间约有四年，故D项正确。‎ ‎2．Which of the following bridges was built the earliest?‎ A．Golden Gate Bridge.‎ B．Brooklyn Bridge.‎ C．George Washington Bridge.‎ D．Navajo Bridge.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。由题干关键词“was built the earliest”定位到每座大桥的建筑时间；根据文中各座大桥的建筑时间可知，布鲁克林大桥是最古老的大桥，故B项正确。‎ ‎3．What will you do if you drive across Mackinac Bridge?‎ A．Have to pay some money.‎ B．Use the second bridge.‎ C．Cover nearly 250 meters.‎ D．See the statue of Dr.David B．Steinman.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第四段尾句“People using this bridge are charged a certain amount of money.”可知，使用麦基诺大桥的人会被收取一定量的钱，故A项正确。‎ B Dessi Sieburth's love of birds started about six years ago.Now, he has his own group called Protecting Our Birds.Recently, Dessi, 14 years old, chatted with TFK about his work and goals for the future.‎ TFK：‎ What is Protecting Our Birds?‎ DESSI：‎ Birds are citizens of the world, so they need protection.I basically try to do conservation work to help birds get protected throughout the world.I recently wrote an article about a bird called the bartailed godwit (斑尾鹬)．I interviewed a biologist named Nils Warnock, who had studied the bartailed godwit.He expressed the concern about the threat that the bartailed godwit is facing.I wrote an article about his answers to the questions, which is published on the American Birding Association Website.‎ TFK：‎ What impelled you to start this project?‎ DESSI：‎ When I was eight years old, our class had to do a woodworking project, so I chose a bird feeder (喂食盒)．I didn't like birds at the time.I made the feeder, filled it up with seed, put it in my backyard and then the birds started coming.I got really interested in birds as more came.I later got involved in my local Audubon Society, which is devoted to conserving and restoring natural ecosystems.It really got me into birds and I realized bird populations were declining, and many are becoming endangered quite rapidly.I wanted to help them, so I started the project.‎ TFK：‎ What are some future projects you plan to work on?‎ DESSI：‎ I live in L．A., where there are a lot of parrots.Most of the parrots' native range is in Mexico, but they're really declining there because of habitat loss.I want to study the parrots and help them in their native range in Mexico, so they can start increasing again.‎ TFK：‎ How can people learn more about Protecting Our Birds and the work you're doing?‎ DESSI：‎ I have a website.It's protectingourbirds. myfree.website.There people can learn about what I do and how to help birds.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。14岁的Dessi Sieburth为了保护濒临灭绝的鸟类，他发起了“护鸟”工程。最近他接受了记者的采访，在访谈中，他谈到了启动这个工程的初衷、他做的鸟类保护工作以及未来的打算。‎ ‎1．What's Nils Warnock's attitude to the bartailed godwit?‎ A．Worried.　　　　　　　 B．Changing.‎ C．Uncertain. D．Optimistic.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。由第三段的“He expressed the concern about the threat that the bartailed godwit is facing.”可推知，Nils Warnock对斑尾鹬的生存前景深表忧虑。‎ ‎2．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “impelled” in Paragraph 4?‎ A．Forbade. B．Requested.‎ C．Encouraged. D．Challenged.‎ 解析：选C　词义猜测题。由第五段的内容可知，本段主要谈论了Dessi Sieburth是如何启动“护鸟”工程的，故画线词的意思为“鼓励，推动”。‎ ‎3．When did Dessi start his project “Protecting Our Birds”？‎ A．After he prepared a feeder for birds.‎ B．After he interviewed Nils Warnock.‎ C．After he studied parrots in Mexico.‎ D．After he joined a local association.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。由第五段的“I later got involved in my local Audubon Society ... I wanted to help them, so I started the project.”可知，在Dessi Sieburth加入了当地Audubon协会，了解了鸟类的生存现状后，他才启动了“护鸟”工程。‎ ‎4．What will Dessi probably do next?‎ A．Write articles about birds in danger.‎ B．Help parrots losing the natural home.‎ C．Set up a website to teach how to help birds.‎ D．Recreate his own conservation organization.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。由第六、七段的内容可知，Dessi Sieburth接下来会致力于保护那些失去了栖息地的鹦鹉。‎ C Following the crowd may not always be in a person's best interest.But new research suggests that teens who get along with their friends may end up healthier as adults.‎ Scientists have known that close friendships help boost health.That's true for both teens and adults.The finding inspired Joseph Allen, a psychologist at the University of Virginia, and his team to study whether experiences during teen years would influence adult health.‎ So they followed 171 teens, starting when the kids were just 13.They interviewed each one every year for five years, and also spoke to these teens' closest friends, who provided additional information about the quality of their friendships.The same 171 people were interviewed again at ages 25, 26 and 27.This time, the questions surveyed each person's overall health.When the researchers analyzed the data, they found a strong connection between a teen's behavior and adult health.Teens who had close friends grew up to be the healthier adults.Whether teens held back their feelings or expressed them to close friends also influenced later health.Those who ‎ held back their feelings were more likely to be sick as adults.The connection held up even after the scientists accounted for other possible influences on health.Weight, family income and drug use were all examined.So were mental health issues, such as anxiety and depression.And in these people, such other factors did not explain adult health as well as teen friendships did.　‎ Getting along with the crowd may have benefits, says Allen, but there are also drawbacks.Teens who are more independent tend to do better at school and work.And peer pressure may lead some kids to engage in risky behavior, such as smoking, drinking or using drugs.Dealing with it is an ongoing challenge, Allen acknowledges.“Finding the right balance is the key.Teens shouldn't lose heart for not finding this easy.” And, he adds, “Parents need to be understanding about the pressures teens face.”‎ 语篇解读：研究表明，与朋友较少或者没有朋友的青少年相比，有朋友的青少年在长大后更健康。当然，与朋友相处也有坏处。‎ ‎1．Where can you probably read this passage?‎ A．Science fiction. B．Health column.‎ C．Fashion magazine. D．Entertainment newspaper.‎ 解析：选B　文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍青少年时的友谊对青少年成年后健康的影响。据此可知，本文属于健康知识类文章，故可判断，本文可能选自“健康专栏”，故B项正确。‎ ‎2．We can learn from Allen's study that ________.‎ A．many other factors have a greater influence on adult health than teen friendships B．mental health issues have nothing to do with adult health C．the same 171 teens were interviewed each year from 13 to 27‎ D．the teens who couldn't express themselves grew up to be unhealthier 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Whether teens held back ...sick as adults.”可知，青少年是否向他们的好朋友表达情感也会影响到其成年后的健康，那些压抑情感的青少年成年后很可能不健康。故D项正确。‎ ‎3．According to what Allen said, we can know that ________.‎ A．in order to do better at school, teens should not follow the crowd B．though it's challenging for teens to deal with peer pressure, they should not give up C．teens will engage in smoking, drinking or using drugs when facing peer pressure D．parents should understand their teens and stop them going with friends 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，与朋友相处使得青少年在成年后更加健康的同时也会带来不利影响，即周围同龄人带来的压力，这些压力会导致许多问题。分析Allen的话“Finding the right balance is the key.Teens shouldn't lose heart for not finding this easy.”可以判断，青少年要应对这些压力，找到正确的平衡点是关键，不能因为很难找到平衡点就灰心丧气。故选B。‎ ‎4．What can be inferred from the passage?‎ A．There is nothing bad for teens to follow the crowd.‎ B．Close friendships are the most important for people's health.‎ C．Teen friendships may help teens become healthier adults.‎ D．Adult health is only influenced by teen friendships.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据文章第一段第二句“But new research suggests that teens who get along with their friends may end up healthier as adults.”可知，与朋友相处的青少年在成年后会更加健康。C项意为“青少年时期的友谊会帮助青少年成为更加健康的成年人”，符合文章意思，故C项正确。‎ D Stephen Wiltshire is a famous artist.His drawings — often drawn from memory and at great speed — are sketched (素描) on the spot at street level.‎ Stephen, who was born in London in 1974, didn't say a word as a small child, and found it hard to relate to other people.At the age of five, Stephen was sent to Queensmill School, London, where it soon became apparent that he communicated through the language of drawing.His teachers encouraged him to speak by taking away his art materials for a short time; eventually he said his first words — “paper” and “pencil” — but didn't learn to speak fully until the age of nine.‎ Stephen loved drawing and he was seldom to be found without pen and paper.Once he took part in art competitions, news of his great talent began to spread.Early fans included the late Prime Minister Edward Heath who bought his drawing of Salisbury Cathedral, made when Stephen was just eight.‎ But Stephen came to wider public attention when the BBC featured him in the programme, “The Foolish Wise Ones” in 1987, when he was introduced by Sir Hugh Casson (a past president of the Royal Academy), as “the best child artist in Britain.”‎ After that, Stephen's reputation grew worldwide.A second BBC documentary in 2001‎ ‎ showed Stephen flying over London in a helicopter and later completing a detailed drawing of London within three hours, which included 12 historic landmarks (地标性建筑) and 200 other structures.‎ In 2006 Stephen was recognised for his services to the art world, when he was made a member of the Order of the British Empire.Today wherever Stephen goes, people are attracted by his outstanding talent.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了天才画家Stephen Wiltshire。他在一个陌生的城市，只要在街上转一圈，就可以把街景建筑全都像电脑一样事无巨细地储存下来，再用画笔还原出来。‎ ‎1．What problem did Stephen have when he was a small child?‎ A．No schools wanted him.‎ B．No teachers liked him.‎ C．He couldn't speak.‎ D．He couldn't spell.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Stephen ... didn't say a word as a small child ... but didn't learn to speak fully until the age of nine”可知，Stephen小时候不会说话。‎ ‎2．When did Stephen become worldfamous?‎ A．After his second BBC documentary.‎ B．After the programme “The Foolish Wise Ones”．‎ C．After he met with the late Prime Minister Edward Heath.‎ D．After Sir Hugh Casson bought his drawing of Salisbury Cathedral.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“After that Stephen's reputation grew worldwide.”，再结合第四段内容可知，Stephen上了BBC的节目“The Foolish Wise Ones”之后开始闻名世界。‎ ‎3．What is special about Stephen's drawing of London?‎ A．It was his greatest work.‎ B．It was drawn in a helicopter.‎ C．It featured historic landmarks.‎ D．It was finished in a short time.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“completing a detailed drawing of London within three hours”可知，Stephen只用了三个小时就完成了伦敦画作。另外第一段中的“His drawings — often drawn from memory and at great speed”也说明了Stephen绘画速度之快。‎ ‎4．The text is likely to appear in ________.‎ A．a novel B．a biography C．an official report D．a history paper 解析：选B　文章出处题。本文按照时间顺序介绍了天才画家Stephen Wiltshire从小至今的主要事迹，因此本文最有可能出自一篇传记。‎ E Electric Shock Injuries caused by electric shock are fairly common. When a person has received an electric shock, no one should go near him/her until the current has been turned off.‎ If a shock occurring at work or at home causes someone to lose consciousness (知觉)，electrical connection must be broken before anyone tries to give assistance. You should either turn off the switch at the mains or, if that is not possible, push the person away with a dry piece of wood.‎ Treatment of Shock Look out for signs of shock. People who have been injured or who may have lost a lot of blood, or those who have had heart attacks, may be in deep shock. The signs to look for are faintness, paleness, a moist, sticky skin, shallow, rapid breathing and a fast but weak heartbeat.‎ Shock can prove fatal, and it is essential to do something to prevent its developing. The best way to treat or prevent shock is to keep the patient lying down, better with the legs higher than the head; if possible, raise the lower part of the body on a rolled up packet or similar object. Make the patient as comfortable as possible, loosening any tight clothing, and comfort him/her because fright increases the effects of shock.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了触电及触电后如何急救的相关知识。‎ ‎1．Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?‎ A．Shock Occurring at Work B．Electric Shock C．Treatment of Shock D．Electric Shock and Treatment of It 答案：D　标题判断题。文章共分两部分，前半部分讲的是触电，而后半部分讲的是关于触电后如何急救。因此最佳标题应为D项。‎ ‎2．Which of the following signs of shock are NOT mentioned in the passage?‎ A．Faintness and a heartbeat.‎ B．Paleness and rapid breathing.‎ C．A moist and sticky skin.‎ D．Injuries caused by electric shock.‎ 答案：D　细节理解题。从第三段中最后一句可以知道A、B、C三项都是关于触电后病人的病症迹象；而D项并未提及。故选D项。‎ ‎3．Match the pictures with the passages.‎ A．Picture 2. Electric Shock; Picture 3. Treatment of Shock.‎ B．Picture 1. Electric Shock; Picture 4. Treatment of Shock.‎ C．Picture 4. Electric Shock; Picture 2. Treatment of Shock.‎ D．Picture 3. Electric Shock; Picture 1. Treatment of Shock.‎ 答案：D　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，第3幅图描绘的是“Electric Shock”；由最后一段第二句“The best way to treat ... or similar object.”可判断出第1幅图描绘的是“Treatment of Shock”。‎ ‎4．The above passages have something to do with ________ .‎ A．how to deal with difficulties B．how to do first aid C．how to face danger D．how to match pictures with passages 答案：B　推理判断题。文章第一部分讲的是触电，第二部分讲触电后的急救，故以上内容与急救有关系。‎ F The Style Invitational is a humor/wordplay contest, through which we seek to bring a variety of clever humor every week to the readers of The Washington Post. While our ultimate goal is to get you to write great stuff for us for less than peanuts, we do aim to judge the contest as fairly and carefully as we reasonably can.‎ This week we're not following every one of the poem's many rules—there is only one rule for the contest. The poem must be about a specific person and must include at least some part of his name.‎ Winner gets the Inkin' Memorial ($12), the Lincoln statue bobblehead that is the official Style Invitational trophy (奖品). Second place wins a souvenir snow castle ($8) from Brussels, featuring a little statue that seems to be producing a fountain of snow and donated by Continual Snow Globe Donor Cheryl Davis. Other runnersup win their choice of a Loser Mug ($6) or the greatly desired “Whole Fools” Grossery Bag ($4)．‎ Email entries to losers@washpost. com or, if you were born in the 20th century, fax to 2023344312. Deadline is Monday, June 22; results published July 12 (online July 10). No more than 25 entries per entrant per contest.‎ Include “Week 1076” in your email subject line or it might be ignored as spam (垃圾邮件). Include your real name，postal address and phone number with your entry.‎ See contest rules and guidelines at wapo.st/InvRules. You can join the lively Style Invitational Devotees group on Facebook at on.fb.me/invdev.‎ The Empress's weekly online column discusses each new contest and its results. Especially if you plan to enter, check it out at wapo.st/styleconv.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章是关于一次诗歌比赛的参赛注意事项。‎ ‎1．The poem is required to be about ________ .‎ A．a joke B．a person C．a newspaper D．a kind of food 答案：B　细节理解题。由第二段中的“The poem must be about a specific person”可知，本次诗歌比赛的诗作应是关于具体的人。‎ ‎2．You can hand in your entries ________ .‎ A．by fax only B．by mail or fax C．by email only D．by email or fax 答案：D　细节理解题。由第四段开头的“Email entries to ... fax to”可知应选D。‎ ‎3．Along with your entries, you should also provide your ________ .‎ A．real name B．pen name C．ID number D．email address 答案：A　细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的“Include your real name ...”可知参赛作品应提供真实姓名。‎ ‎4．Where is the text most probably taken from?‎ A．A personal diary. B．A contest notice.‎ C．A news report. D．A lesson plan.‎ 答案：B　推理判断题。通读全文可知，全文主要是关于诗歌比赛的注意事项，故本文出自一则诗歌比赛的通知。‎