【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题议论文类型10篇训练之四（26页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题议论文类型10篇训练之四（26页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题议论文类型10篇训练之四 ‎[一]‎ Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they’re always coming in for criticism. Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion and because they have so much money to throw around. ‘It’s iniquitous,’ they say, ‘that this entirely unproductive industry (if we can call it that) should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show how much profit the big companies are making. Why don’t they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all, it’s the consumer who pays…’‎ The poor old consumer! He’d have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn’t create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement.‎ Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway byelaws while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely printed columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or a newspaper full of the daily ration of calamities.‎ We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution ‎ to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not subsist without this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programmes is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!‎ Another thing we mustn’t forget is the ‘small ads.’ which are in virtually every newspaper and magazine.  What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the ‘hatch, match and dispatch’ column but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or ‘agony’ column. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. It’s the best advertisement for advertising there is!‎ ‎1.What is main idea of this passage?‎ A. Advertisement.   ‎ B. The benefits of advertisement.‎ C. Advertisers perform a useful service to communities.‎ D. The costs of advertisement.‎ ‎2.The attitude of the author toward advertisers is A. appreciative.‎ B. trustworthy.‎ C. critical.‎ D. dissatisfactory.‎ ‎3.Why do the critics criticize advertisers?‎ A. Because advertisers often brag.‎ B. Because critics think advertisement is a “waste of money”.‎ C. Because customers are encouraged to buy more than necessary.‎ D. Because customers pay more.‎ ‎4. Which of the following is Not True?‎ A. Advertisement makes contribution to our pockets and we may know everything.‎ B. We can buy what we want.‎ C. Good quality products don’t need to be advertised.‎ D. Advertisement makes our life colorful.‎ ‎5. The passage is ___________.‎ A. Narration.‎ B. Description.‎ C. Criticism.‎ D. Argumentation.‎ 参考答案及解析：‎ 文章以因果、对比的手法写出有没有广告的后果及广告的真正作用。文章首先指出广告商遭批评的原因：广告商夸大和人们认为广告浪费钱财、商品价格就搞；然后作者以有无广告的后果突出其功能，没有广告，商品价更高，生活单调、乏味。有了广告，商品价低，生活丰富多彩，人们获取各种信息。‎ ‎1.C. 广告对社会的服务很有用。作者从三方面来叙述广告作用：第二段点出如果广告不为产品开辟广大的市场，我们就得付出很多钱，正是因为大量的广告费用，消费者的商品才会那么便宜。广告除销售商品外，其重要的功能在通知/告诉信息，有关家用商品的许多只是来自广告，还有新产品的介绍。第三段讲了美化环境功能。如果火车站的墙上和报上没有广告，那会怎么样。一幅悦人心目，机智的广告将改变一切。第四段讲了它为我们省钱：别忘了广告对我们口袋作出积极的贡献。报纸、电台、电视台公司没有这笔收入很难生存。我们的报纸，我们付给很少，或者说，我们能享受那么多的节目完全是因为广告商花的钱。如果要我们付报纸的全价，那我们要花多少钱！最后一段讲了各种专栏的功能。人们可以在这些栏目找工作、买卖房子、宣布婚丧嫁娶信息。这些都围着一个中心：‎ 广告对社会服务的有用性。‎ ‎2.A. 广告。太笼统。B. 广告之优点。文章不是讲优点，而是讲服务于社会的功能。D. 广告费用。‎ ‎3.A. 欣赏/赞赏。从上述注释也可推知是A项。最重要的，作者提出种种功能，是为了反驳第一段内提到的论点：完全是非生产企业每年吸收几百万镑，这说明这些大公司利润有多高。最重要的是消费者付的广告费等。反驳更说明了A项对。B. 值得信任。 C. 批评。 D. 不满意。A. 因为广告商常常爱吹，。见难句译注1.。B. 因为批评者认为广告浪费钱。 C. 因为广告促使消费者购买不必要的东西。 D. 因为消费者支付更多。‎ ‎4.C. 优质产品不需要广告。一切产品都需要广告，新产品、老产品都需要。A. 广告对我们的口袋作出贡献。 B. 我们可以买到我们所需的。 D. 广告使我们生活丰富多彩。这三条都提到也是真实的。‎ ‎5.C. 文章一开始就提到对广告的批评，然后作者以对比的手法说明其功能。A. 叙事。B. 描写。 D. 议论。‎ ‎[二]‎ Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph. D. s. Some have placed the dropouts loss as high as 50 percent. The extent of the loss was, however, largely a matter of expert guessing. Last week a well-rounded study was published. It was published. It was based on 22,000 questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless.‎ ‎  The dropouts rate was found to be 31 per cent, and in most cases the dropouts, while not completing the Ph. D. requirement, went on to productive work. They are not only doing well financially, but, according to the report, are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates.‎ ‎  Discussing the study last week, Dr. Tucker said the project was initiated ‘because of the concern frequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of the individuals who dropped out of Ph. D. programs were capable of competing the requirement for the degree. Attrition at the Ph. D. level is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity. Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph. D.’‎ ‎  “The results of our research” Dr. Tucker concluded, “did not support these opinions.”‎ Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out.‎ Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as was consistent with their levels of ability or their specialities.‎ Most dropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education and motivation.‎ ‎  Nearly 75 per cent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision, but those who mentioned academic reason cited failure to pass the qualifying examination, uncompleted research and failure to pass language exams. Among the single most important personal reasons identified by dropouts for non-completion of their Ph. D. program, lack of finances was marked by 19 per cent.‎ ‎  As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing, a chart showed 2% in humanities were receiving $ 20,000 and more annually while none of the Ph. D. ‘s with that background reached this figure. The Ph. D. ‘s shone in the $ 7,500 to $ 15,000 bracket with 78% at that level against 50% for the dropouts. This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where Ph. D. ‘s tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields.‎ ‎  As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus, the outlook was glum. The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 25 % of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduate school would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present job.‎ ‎1.The author states that many educators feel that ‎[A] steps should be taken to get the dropouts back to campus.‎ the fropouts should return to a lower quality school to continue their study.‎ ‎[C] the Ph. D. holder is generally a better adjusted person than the dropout.‎ ‎[D] The high dropouts rate is largely attributable to the lack of stimulation on the part of faculty members.‎ ‎2.Research has shown that ‎[A] Dropouts are substantially below Ph. D. ‘s in financial attainment.‎ the incentive factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph. D. studies.‎ ‎[C] The Ph. D. candidate is likely to change his field of specialization if he drops out.‎ ‎[D] about one-third of those who start Ph. D. work do not complete the work to earn the degree.‎ ‎3.Meeting foreign language requirements for the Ph. D.‎ ‎[A] is the most frequent reason for dropping out.‎ is more difficult for the science candidate than for the humanities candidate.‎ ‎[C] is an essential part of many Ph. D. programs.‎ ‎[D] does not vary in difficulty among universities.‎ ‎4.After reading the article, one would refrain from concluding that ‎[A] optimism reigns in regard to getting Ph. D. dropouts to return to their ‎ pursuit of the degree.‎ a Ph. D. dropout, by and large, does not have what it takes to learn the degree.‎ ‎[C] colleges and universities employ a substantial number of Ph. D. dropouts.‎ ‎[D] Ph. D. ‘s are not earning what they deserve in nonacademic positions.‎ ‎5.It can be inferred that the high rate of dropouts lies in ‎[A] salary for Ph. D. too low.‎ academic requirement too high.‎ ‎[C] salary for dropouts too high.‎ ‎[D] 1000 positions.‎ 参考答案及解析：‎ 这是一篇论及“博士生辍学”的文章。采用对比和因果手法。文章一开始就提出教育工作者严重关注博士生辍学达50％的问题。而调查报告证明，只有31％。辍学造成不良后果，有人建议中途退学者回炉再念博士学位学业。研究表明不行。列出理由并加以分析。‎ ‎1.A. 许多教育工作者感到应采取步骤让辍学者回校学习，特别是有些学科。这在第三段最后一句话：“有些人建议高级专家和大学教师短缺现象可以通过劝说辍学者返回校园完成博士学位来减少。”BCD三项文内没有提。‎ ‎2.D.约三分之一开始就读博士学位的人没有完成学业取得学位。第二段第一句：“辍学率为31％。大多数情况下，辍学人不能完成博士学位学业，就去从事生产性工作”。‎ ‎3.C. 博士生应达到外语要求的水平是许多博士生课程的一个基本组成部分。这在第四段有所表示：“约75％的退学者说，他们决定退学并不是处于学术的原因，而处于学术原因的退学者提出：难以通过资格考试，难以完成研究，通不过外语考试”。这里看出外语是博士生课程的基本组成部分。‎ A. 它是退学最频繁的原因。 B.  它对理科博士生比文科博士应考生更难。 D. 它在大学中的难度并没有不同。‎ ‎4.A.第三段末：“我们研究的结果并不支持这些一件（包括返回校园之意见）：⑴‎ 缺乏动力是退学的主要原因。⑵大多数退学者在博士课程上已经达到和他们的能力水平和专业水平相一致的水平。⑶大多数退学者现在从事的工作和他们所受教育和动机相一致。”最后一段：“至于返回校园的可能性，前景不乐观。至少有25％的退学生可能考虑返回研究生院就读，条件是保证他们保留现有的收入水平，有些还要保留他们目前的工作。” B.、C.两项文内没提。D.不对。‎ ‎5.A. 博士生的工资太低。见第四题A.的译注和难句译注4。B. 学术要求太高。这只是某些因学术原因辍学者之强调点。 C. 辍学者工资太高。不是太高而是有一部分高于博士生。见第二题D项注释。 D. 职位低。文内没有提。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[三]‎ How would you describe your style? Formal? Classical? Casual? Smart? First of all, what is style? Let’s hear a few words of wisdom from the wise. “Style is knowing who you are and what you want to say,” (Gore Vidal); “Style is an expression of individualism mixed with charm,” (John Fairchild); “Style is the perfection of a point of view,” (Robert Eberhart); “Style is a simple way of saying complicated things,” (Jean Cocteau); “Style is the dress of thoughts,” (Lord Chesterfield).‎ So, now you know what style is, you’ll need to buy some clothes. But where? In the UK, you can get really cheap, stylish, second-hand clothes at charity shops. They’re great if you want exclusive labels but don’t want to pay the price. The only difficulty is discovering where the really good bargains are. But don’t worry, Leila Gray can help you here. She’s the proud owner of a vintage Hardy Amies coat, picked up at a charity shop for ￡20---a good deal when you realize it cost more than ￡800 new. “You have to go to the richer areas of a city,” she says. “That’s where all the labels are. It can take a bit of hunting around, but that is half the fun, and there’s a lot of buried treasure just waiting to be discovered.”‎ So, now you know where to buy your new, stylish clothes, how do you acquire your style? Experts say that mixing and matching from charity shops can help you find your own style----something that’s really you. That’s what Scottish musician Morus did. “My fashion tip is this,” he says, “Look at yourself with the eye of a graphic designer. If you can’t be attractive, aim for ‘interesting’ or ‘original’.” Momus’ unique style could even make him happier, too. As psychologist Marilyn Elias explains, the happiest people “judge themselves by their own yardsticks, never against what others do or have”.‎ Shoichi Aoki, the founder of Japanese street style magazine FRUiTS, agrees. “I think real fashion is what people wear on the streets, the clothes that they wear, the way that they wear them,” he says. “What ‎ you see in fashion magazines and on models has been styled and it’s more commercial.” He says that his inspiration for FRUiTS came from people combining traditional Japanese clothing such as the kimono and “geta” (Japanese wooden clogs) with Western fashion. “This really caught my eye,” Aoki adds. These styles may seem wild, but Aoki’s idea is not: be bold, be creative and find something that suits you.‎ Maybe it’s time to create your own look. There are many online guides to help you. Perhaps the best advice comes from a website called wikiHow, “If you see something you like,” it says, “feel free to copy, but don’t make yourself a clone… mix it up and make it yours.” Think about it!‎ ‎61. What should you first do to choose they style that best suits you?‎ A. Follow the images of the wise people. B. Go for whatever is fashionable.‎ C. Simplify complicated expressions. D. Figure out what a true style is.‎ ‎62. What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A. Getting clothes of leading brands. B. Buying clothes at rather low prices.‎ C. Searching for really good bargains. D. Starting a charity shop selling clothes.‎ ‎63. What is the focus of Shoichi Aoki and his magazine FRUiTS?‎ ‎ A. Commercialization of fashion magazines.‎ ‎ B. Expression of something personal and creative.‎ ‎ C. Designing fashionable wear for men in the street.‎ ‎ D. Promoting Japanese traditional clothing worldwide ‎64. What is probably the best title for the passage?‎ ‎ A. How to find the style that suits you B. Where to pick up a bargain ‎ C. What to wear to develop your style D. Whom to model to be popular 参考答案及解析：61. D 62. C 63. B 64. A ‎[四]‎ Social networks are a big part of nearly every teenager’s life in this day and age. Many teens have QQ, WeChat, or Weibo but little do a lot of teens know that they can be held responsible for everything they post for the rest of their lives. Everything you post online is part of a digital footprint that can always be traced(追踪) back to you. That includes every post, even every like，comment, favorite and forward that you have ever committed. All pictures you’ve posted or will post have been stored in a digital database, and it is the companies’ right ‎ to keep all of these documents that you believe to have been deleted or hidden.‎ With every post comes a consequence; whether it is good or bad，what you post could be seen by anyone. That is why you have to be very careful of what you decide to post or comment.‎ If you think you are safe from Servite finding out about one funny comment you made six months ago on a meaningless picture, you are probably wrong. Recently, a senior, Aaron, at Servite learned this lesson the hard way this year. He wrote a series of ugly comments towards Connelly girls on a web page, ignoring potential consequences.‎ This student, however, did have to face consequences from Servite as he was removed from all of his leadership roles in the school. Surprisingly enough, he fully agreed with his punishment handed down by the administration and fully understood why he was given such severe discipline(处罚). “When you agree to come to Servite, you are agreeing to defend what Servite stands for，” the young man said. “That continues from 8 a．m.to 2 p．m. It’s at all times.”‎ So, next time you’re about to post something you think could be received as offensive or inappropriate, think twice, or don’t press the “Send”．‎ ‎32．What does the author think the teens should do in the first paragraph?‎ A．Avoid using social media.‎ B．Remove their own digital documents.‎ C．Be responsible for what they put online.‎ D．Learn to balance their online and offline time.‎ ‎33．What mistake did Aaron make online?‎ A．Drawing some meaningless pictures.‎ B．Making some bad comments.‎ C．Failing to take his lesson.‎ D．Breaking down a special web page.‎ ‎34．What did Servite do with Aaron’s case?‎ A．It reached an agreement with Connelly girls.‎ B．It helped Aaron get rid of ill effects.‎ C．It gave Aaron a severe punishment.‎ D．It stood on Aaron’s side.‎ ‎35．For whom is the text probably intended?‎ A．Teenagers. B．Teachers.‎ C．Parents. D．Network engineers.‎ 参考答案及解析：‎ 本文是一篇议论文。当下很多青少年拥有微信、QQ、微博等网络社交工具，但是他们很多人都不知道要对自己所发布的内容负责。文章通过一名高中生的事例说明，在网上发布信息应当慎重。‎ ‎32.C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，很多青少年都有QQ、微信或微博，但很多人都不知道，他们应当对自己在网上发布的任何信息负责；据此可知，作者认为，青少年应当对他们发布在网上的信息负责，故C项正确。‎ ‎33.B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段尾句可知，Aaron在一个网页上写了一系列针对康纳利女孩的难听的评论。故B项正确。‎ ‎34.C解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第二句中的“he was given such severe discipline(处罚)”可知，由于在网站上的不负责行为，他在学校受到了严重处罚，故C项正确。‎ ‎35.A解析：推理判断题。通读全文内容可知，本文第一段的前两句为文章主旨句；结合下文内容可知，本文主要论述了青少年应当对自己在网上发布的任何信息负责的问题，据此可以判断，本文的阅读对象是青少年，故A项正确。‎ ‎[五]‎ You know how wonderful you are, and you know that others know how wonderful you are, but what do you do when admiration crosses over the line into jealousy? For most teens there will come a day when you realize that one of your friends is jealous and that this jealousy is hurting your friendship. When this happens it can seem like there is nothing that you can do, but the good news is that there is. Don't let jealousy spoil your ‎ relationships. Tackle it headon and you might be back to normal much sooner than you think.‎ It can be hard to walk up to a friend and ask them what the problem is, but if you want to save your friendship you'll have to do just that. Don't approach them and ask why they are jealous of you (unless of course you want to appear totally conceited), just take some time alone with them and let them know that you've been feeling like there's been something coming between you. If they refuse to respond, then use the opportunity to explain how you have been feeling. Chances are that something you say will strike a nerve and your friend will open up as well.‎ When you figure out what is annoying your friend, ask him or her what (s)he thinks would make the situation better. If, for example, (s)he says that (s)he feels like (s)he doesn't get to spend any time with you because of your being off with your new friends from tee swim team then maybe you could invite her along the next time or block off one day a week for just the two of you. Remember, though, that whatever solution you decide on should be a compromise. Don't limit your own talents or opportunities simply because your friend is unhappy. Try instead to include him or her in your new life and see how that works out.‎ ‎　　Even the best of friendships can be tinged by jealousy. This destructive emotion is rarely productive and can turn best friends into worst enemies. Before taking extreme action, chat with your jealous friend to see if the two of you can work out a compromise. If you can't, be prepared to know exactly how far you will go to keep your friend and how far you won't.‎ 解读：本文是关于人际关系的话题。尤其是青少年朋友之间会因为嫉妒而使相互间的友谊被破坏，本文着重讲述如何处理被朋友嫉妒及处理过程中可能遇到的困难。‎ ‎1. According to the author, the jealousy emotion is________.‎ A. normal B. productive C. destructive D. extreme ‎[解析]细节理解题，由第一段第二句．..that this jealousy is hurting，your friendship.可知。[答案]C ‎2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to confront your friend when jealousy happens?‎ A. Walking up to him/her and asking him/her why he/she is jealous of you.‎ B. Walking up to him/her and asking him/her what the problem is.‎ C. Spending some time with him/her and letting him/her know how you feel.‎ D. Spending some time with him/her and letting him/her know you think there's something between you.‎ ‎[解析]细节理解题。由第二段第二句Don't approach them and ask why they are jealous of you可知。[答案]A ‎3. The underlined "it" in the first paragraph refers to________.‎ A. friendship B. relationship C. admiration D. jealousy ‎[解析]细节理解题。由文章第一段可知。[答案]D ‎4. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?‎ A. There's always a solution to solve the problem of jealousy.‎ B. Jealousy can turn best friends into worst enemies.‎ C. You may lose a friend to keep your own gifts, chances or self development.‎ D. You should go a long way with your friend to work out a solution ‎[解析]推理判断题。[答案]C ‎5. The purpose of the passage is________.‎ A. to explain what causes jealousy B. to offer some advice on making friends C. to introduce the way to cope with a jealous friend D. to explain how destructive the jealous emotion is ‎[解析]　作者意图题。通读全文可知，本文酌写作目的是介绍处理有嫉妒心朋友的方法。[答案]C ‎[六]‎ ‎“What defines you?” That’s what Lizzie Velasquez asked the crowds of people who came to hear her motivational speeches. ‎ Due to a rare syndrome(综合症), from the second when Velasquez was born incredibly ugly, the doctors prepared her parents to accept absolutely nothing out of her, no crying, no walking, no crawling and literally nothing. But her parents decided to take her home, love her and raise her the best as they could. They brought her up completely normally, so normally that when she started kindergarten she had no clue that she was different.‎ Unfortunately she had to find it out in a way like a big slap of reality for a 5-year-old. No one wanted to play with her or stand by her. No one wanted to have a single thing to do with her. As a little girl, she couldn’t understand, because she was raised still normally. So she had to go home and ask her parents. And they encouraged her to go back to school and be herself so eventually everyone would see she was just like them. So again, at such a young age, she was forced to a situation where she could either choose to be happy or choose to give up. Luckily, she chose to be happy.‎ When she was in high school, one day she was shocked to click on one video of herself labeled “the World’s Ugliest Woman”, which was only 8 seconds long but had over 4 million views. The comments that went along were horrible. “Why would her parents keep her?!” read one; “Kill it with fire!” said another. And they continued on and on. She wanted to fight back at some of the commentators, like one specifically who told her to put a gun to her head and kill herself. So again, she was put in the position to choose happiness or to choose to give up. ‎ And again with the help of family, Velasquez found the strength to channel the hatred into motivation and to rise above the cruelty. At that moment, she was going to let her goals, her success and her accomplishments be the things that define her, not her outer appearance, not the doctors who said she would accomplish nothing or those people who called her a monster. ‎ She decided to be a motivational speaker and 2013 was the eighth year of her motivational speaking. She decided to write a book. During her first year in college, she published her first book Lizzie is beautiful in English and Spanish and then the second one Be beautiful, be you and then the third. She decided to graduate from college and she got her degree from Texas State University in May, 2013. One of the biggest motivations ‎ for her to accomplish all those things was that Youtube video. She will go back to that video and look at every hateful and nasty comment and it will inspire her to keep going and work even harder.‎ Lizzie Velasquez once made the headlines as the world’s ugliest woman, but she finally shrugged off the hurtful comments about her looks as just words. Now, she is not letting anything or anyone hold her back and is using her devotion to religion to help diminish the hatred that comes her way by overriding it with an inspirational message of love and acceptance. She has resolved to take charge of her life by killing the negativity with ambition and is consistently redefining what it means to be beautiful on her own terms. And she wins! ‎ ‎65. Reactions towards Velasquez’s appearance are as follows EXCEPT .‎ A. the doctors advised accepting nothing out of her ‎ B. netizens intentionally pushed her to kill herself C. her classmates refused to keep her company ‎ D. her parents decided to bring her up as normal ‎66. According to Velasquez, what is the best response to those who commented bitterly online?‎ A. Making achievements. B. Deleting the comments.‎ C. Turning to her family. D. Fighting right back.‎ ‎67. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably means .‎ A. she could be easily set off by those hurtful comments B. she painfully managed to focus on her achievements C. she didn’t care about those hurtful comments eventually D. she felt sad whenever looking back on the hurtful words ‎68. Which of the following can best describe Velasquez?‎ A. diligent and outspoken. B. flexible and sympathetic. ‎ C. optimistic and determined. D. brave and considerate.‎ ‎69. The sentence ‘‘At that point she was deciding how she was going to revenge(报复) and finally she decided to fight back in a different way.’’ can be put at the end of Paragraph .‎ A. 5 B. ‎4 ‎ C. 3 D. 6‎ ‎70. What is the best title of the passage?‎ A. Appearance: something to define you ‎ B. Velasquez: a brave and beautiful heart C. Achievement: something to support you ‎ D. Speech: a way to make you stronger 参考答案及解析：65-70 BACCAB ‎[七]‎ One of the most important things in the world is friendship. In order to have friends, you have to be a friend. But how can you be a good friend at school?‎ ‎ Listen — Listen when they are talking. Don’t say anything unless they ask you a question. Sometimes it’s not necessary for you to have anything to say; they just need someone to talk to about their feelings. ‎ ‎ Help them — If your friend is ever in need of something, be there to help them. You should try to put them first, but make sure you don’t do everything they want you to do. Try to take an extra (额外的) pencil or pen with you to classes in case (以防) they forget one. Have a little extra money in your pocket in case they forget something they need. ‎ ‎ Be there for them — Try to make something for your friend to help make them feel better in hard times. Making cards and encouraging them are among the nicest things you can do for a friend. Marilyn Monroe, a famous U.S. actor, once said, “I often make mistakes. Sometimes I am out ‎ of control. But if you can’t stay with me at my worst, you are sure not to deserve (值得) to be with me at my best.” Always remember this! If you don’t want to stay with your friends when they’re in hard times, then you don’t deserve to be with them when they’re having a good time!‎ ‎ ______ Try to make plans with your friends. Go shopping, go for ice cream, have a party, go to a movie and so on. Take time to know each other even better by doing something you both enjoy. By planning things together, you both can have a good time. And you’ll remember these things when you’re all old!‎ ‎31. While your friend is talking to you about his or her feelings, you should _____.‎ A. give him or her some advice B. just listen unless asked C. calm him or her down D. share your feelings as well ‎32. When we provide help for our friends, we should _____.‎ A. try to do everything for them B. ignore their faults C. change their bad habits first D. put them before ourselves ‎33. What can we learn from Marilyn Monroe’s words?‎ A. Life without a friend is death. B. A friend is easier lost than found.‎ C. A friend in need is a friend indeed. D. A man is known by his friends.‎ ‎34. Which of the following can be put in the blank of the last paragraph?‎ A. Make plans. B. Enjoy yourself. ‎ C. Understand your friends. D. Play with your friends.‎ ‎35. What is the passage mainly about?‎ A. How to find a good friend. B. How to help friends in trouble. ‎ C. How to be a good friend. D. How to make more friends.‎ 参考答案及解析：31-35 BDCAC ‎[八]‎ Students, who date (约会) in middle school have worse study skills, are four times more likely to drop out of school and report twice as much alcohol and tobacco use than their single classmates, according to a new research from the University of Georgia.‎ ‎“Romantic(浪漫的)relationships are a trademark(标记) of teenagers，but very few studies have examined how teenagers are different in the development of these relationships,” said Pamela Orpinas, study author and professor in the College of Public Health and head of the Department of Health Promotion and Behavior.‎ Orpinas followed a group of 624 students over a sevenyear period from 6th to 12th grade. Each year, the group of students completed a survey showing whether they had dated and reported the frequency of different behaviors, including the use of drugs and alcohol. Their teachers completed questionnaires (调查表) about the students’ academic efforts. He found some students never or hardly ever reported dating from middle to high school, and these students had the best study skills according to their teachers. Other students dated infrequently in middle school but increased the frequency of dating in high school.‎ ‎“At all points in time, teachers regarded the students who reported the lowest frequency of dating as having the best study skills and the students with the highest dating as having the worst study skills,” according to the journal article. Study skills mean behaviors that lead to academic (学术的) success such as being well organized, finishing homework, working hard and reading assigned chapters.‎ ‎“Dating a classmate may have the same emotional complications of dating a coworker,” Orpinas said, “when the couple break up, they have to continue to see each other in class and perhaps see the expartner ‎ dating someone else. It is reasonable to think this could be linked to unhappiness and divert (转移) attention from studying.” ‎ ‎“Dating should not be considered a ceremony of growth in middle school”, Orpinas thought.‎ ‎57．According to the passage, students who date in middle school may ________.‎ A．have poorer academic performances B．be more likely to hurt others C．enjoy better school lives D．are less likely to use alcohol and tobacco ‎58．Study skills may include the following behaviors and qualities Except ________.‎ A．working hard B．being well organized C．being kind and helpful D．finishing assigned chapters ‎59．What can possibly happen to the school couples after they break up?‎ A．They don’t want to see each other any longer. ‎ B．Their attention to studying will be affected.‎ C．They will miss their expartners sometimes. ‎ D．They will think it reasonable to get unhappy.‎ ‎60．According to the passage, the writer’s attitude to middle school dating is that he ________.‎ A．supports B．agrees C．disagrees D．doesn’t care 参考答案及解析：57-60．ACBC ‎[九]‎ From the health point of view we are living in a marvelous age. We are immunized from birth against many of the most dangerous diseases. A large number of once fatal illnesses can now be cured by modern drugs and surgery.‎ ‎ It is almost certain that one day remedies will be found for the most stubborn remaining diseases. The expectation of life has increased enormously. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible slaughter of men, women and children on the roads. Man versus the motor-car ! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing. Thousands of people the world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen.‎ ‎  It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his car becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man’s very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steering-wheel. They swear, they are ill-mannered and aggressive, willful as two-years-olds and utterly selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments and jealousies seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving.‎ ‎  The surprising thing is that society smiles so benignly on the motorist and seems to condone his behaviour. Everything is done for his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy tragic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; the countryside is desecrated by road networks; and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic, to be conveniently forgotten.‎ ‎  It is high time a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough. A code which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate. Here are a few examples of some the things that might be done. The driving test should be standardized and made far more difficult than it is; all the drivers should be made to take a test every ‎ three years or so; the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21; all vehicles should be put through stringent annual tests for safety. Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can impair a person’s driving ability. Present drinking and driving laws (where they exist) should be mad much stricter. Maximum and minimum speed limits should be imposed on all roads. Governments should lay down safety specifications for manufacturers, as has been done in the USA. All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned. These measures may sound inordinately harsh. But surely nothing should be considered as to severe if tit results in reducing the annual toll of human life. After all, the world is for human beings, not motor-cars.‎ ‎1.The main idea of this passage is ‎[A] Traffic accidents are mainly caused by motorists.‎ ‎[B]Thousands of people the world over are killed each year.‎ ‎[C] The laws of some countries about driving are too lax.‎ ‎[D] Only stricter traffic laws can prevent accidents.‎ ‎2.What does the author think of society toward motorists?‎ ‎[A] Society smiles on the motorists.[B]Huge car parks are built in the cities and towns.‎ ‎[C] Victims of accidents are nothing.[D] Society condones their rude driving.‎ ‎3.Why does the author say:’ his car becomes the extension of his personality?’‎ ‎[A] Driving can show his real self.[B]Driving can show the other part of his personality.‎ ‎[C] Driving can bring out his character.[D] His car embodies his temper.‎ ‎4.Which of the followings is NOT mentioned as a way against traffic accidents?‎ ‎[A] Build more highways.[B]Stricter driving tests.‎ ‎[C] Test drivers every three years.[D] raise age limit and lay down safety specifications.‎ ‎5.The attitude of the author is ‎[A] ironical [B]critical[C] appealing[D] militant 参考答案及解析：‎ 文章论述“交通事故”，采用因果、对比手法。从人的平均寿命增加和交通事故率成正比谈起，触及事故率上升的原因，要求制定更严格的法规予以制止种种造成事故的不良行为。‎ ‎1.D 只有更严格的交通法规才能制止交通事故。这在最后一段的结论中体现的最清楚。前面几段只是讲造成事故的种种原因。其目的就是：“是制定世界交通法规以减少无谓的生命浪费的时候了。对于开车，有些国家的法规太松弛，甚至最严格的国家也不够严格。世界公认之法律只可能对交通事故率起大大降低的作用（有非常好的效果。）”这里列出几件要干的事：“驾驶测试应当标准化，比现在的要严格；所有死机每三年考核一次；年轻人驾车的允许年龄应提高到21岁；全部机动车每年都应经过严格的安全测试（测定其安全性）……这些步骤可能听起来异常严厉，可是，如果其结果事减少每年死伤人数的话，就不存在什么太严格的事了。”这三道答案都是文中谈到某一点，不能作为中心目的。‎ ‎2.D 社会宽容这种野蛮开车行径。答案就在第三段：“令人惊讶的是社会对司机宽厚地笑笑，似乎宽容他们的行为。一切都为他们的方便而干。人们允许城市由于交通拥挤而几乎不能居住了，大型停车场把城镇“弄得”丑陋不堪，公路网玷污了乡村，每年大量的杀伤仅仅成为统计数字，被很容易地忘记。”‎ A. 社会对司机笑容可掬。B. 大型停车场建在市和镇上。C. 交通死难者等于零。这三项都只是第三段的一个个具体事实。社会正是通过这一件件事来宽容司机野蛮开车，而造成事故。‎ ‎3.A “他的车就是他个性的外延”这句话就体现了“开车表现他真正的自我，真实的个性”。第二段讲的很清楚：“这么说完全正确：当一个人坐在方向盘后，他的车就成为他个性的外延。毫无疑问，汽车常常表现了人之最坏的品质。平常 很安详愉快的人一坐在方向盘后可能就变得难以认识。他们咒骂、行为差劲、好斗、固执、任性得就像两岁的孩子。他们所有隐藏的失落、失望和忌妒感，似乎都在开车中暴露出来”。‎ ‎4.A 只有建更多高速公路。没有提。见第一题译注。‎ ‎5.B 批评的态度。文章第一、二、三段指出了造成交通事故的原因，呼吁各国制定严格的交通法规，批评现有的交通法规松弛不严格，最后指出世界是人类的，不是摩托车的等等，都说明作者对上述种种都具批评的态度。A. 讽刺的。 C. 哀求的、呼吁的。 D. 富有战斗性的。‎ ‎[十]‎ Mass transportation revised the social and economic fabric of the American city in three fundamental ways. It catalyzed physical expansion, it sorted out people and land uses, and it accelerated the inherent instability of urban life. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant form city centers than they were in the premodern era. In 1850, for example, the borders of Boston lay scarcely two miles from the old business district; by the turn of the century the radius extended ten miles. Now those who could afford it could live far removed from the old city center and still commute there for work, shopping, and entertainment. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas. Over the same period, another 550,000 were plotted outside the city limits but within the metropolitan area. Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirty years – lots that could have housed five to six million people.‎ ‎  Of course, many were never occupied; there was always a huge surplus of subdivided, but vacant, land around Chicago and other cities. These excesses underscore a feature of residential expansion related to the growth of mass transportation: urban sprawl was essentially unplanned. It was carried out by thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or to future land users. Those who purchased and prepared land for residential purposes, particularly land near or outside city borders where transit lines and middle-class inhabitants were anticipated, did so to create demand as much as to respond to it. Chicago is a prime example of this process. Real estate subdivision there proceeded much faster than population growth.‎ ‎1.With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned?‎ ‎[A] Types of mass transportation.‎ ‎[B]Instability of urban life.‎ ‎[C] How supply and demand determine land use.‎ ‎[D] The effect of mass transportation on urban expansion.‎ ‎2.Why does the author mention both Boston and Chicago?‎ ‎[A] To demonstrate positive and negative effects of growth.‎ ‎[B]To exemplify cities with and without mass transportation.‎ ‎[C] To show mass transportation changed many cities.‎ ‎[D] To contrast their rate of growth.‎ ‎3.According to the passage, what was one disadvantage of residential expansion?‎ ‎[A] It was expensive.[B]It happened too slowly.‎ ‎[C] It was unplanned.[D] It created a demand for public transportation.‎ ‎4.The author mentions Chicago in the second paragraph as an example of a city,‎ ‎[A] that is large.[B]that is used as a model for land development.‎ ‎[C] where the development of land exceeded population growth.‎ ‎[D] with an excellent mass transportation system.‎ 参考答案及解析：‎ 文章论述了“公共交通从三方面改变了城市的社会和经济结构。”采用分类写法。文章一开始就提出三方面：第一，促进城市实质性的扩展；第二，把人和土地分民别类加以利用；第三，加速了城市生活的不稳定性。然后就是三方面的具体内容。‎ ‎1.D 公共交通运输对城市扩展的影响。文章开门见山提出这一点“公共交通运输从三个根本方面改变了美国城市的社会和经济结构。”后面文章内容就是三方面的具体化。ABD这三项文中作为具体问题提到，并不是文章涉及的主要题目。‎ ‎2.C 说明公共交通改变了许多城市。答案箭第一段第四句“举例说，1850年，波士顿市界离老的商业地区几乎不到2英里，到了这世纪末，其半径扩至10英里。现在供得起的人们可以住得很远，远离老的城市中心，仍然来回去那里上班、购物和娱乐”。第七句，“举例说，在1890至1920年期间，据记载，芝加哥市界内有约250，000个新的住宅楼区大多数设在郊区。经过同样这段时期，市区外，但仍在芝加哥大都市地区内，又计划建造了550，000个住宅楼区。”都不是本文中举两城市例子的目的。‎ ‎3.C 没有计划。见第二段第三句起“城市扩展蔓延根本无计划，好几千个小的投资商进行扩展，毫不考虑相互协调配合利用土地，也不考虑未来土地利用。”这不是住宅扩展的一个缺点，而是三个根本改变城市的一个方面。见第一段第三句：“通过大量开发未占土地扩建住宅，公共汽车、马车、铁路、来回火车，有轨电车把已有人定居的居住区向外扩展了三四倍，比他们先现代时期的市中心更远。”‎ ‎4.C（第二段中以芝加哥城市例子说明）土地开发超过人口增长速度。答案详见第二段“这些购买和置备土地建设住宅，特别是购置临近城市或就在市界外的土地，抢在交通线路和中产阶层的居民进去之前。他们这样做的目的是创造一种需求，也是响应这种需求。芝加哥就是这种过程的典型例子。那里的房地产小块土地比人口增长快得很多很多。”‎