【英语】2018二轮复习阅读理解“词义猜测题”集中训练6篇（含有详细解析）学案（11页）

【英语】2018二轮复习阅读理解“词义猜测题”集中训练6篇（含有详细解析）学案（11页）

‎2018届二轮复习阅读理解“词义猜测题”集中训练6篇 一 Daydreaming was viewed as a waste of time. Or it was considered an unhealthy escape from real life and its duties. Daydreaming has always had a bad reputation, but now scientific research has showed that daydreaming may actually improve your mental health and creativity. It can even help you achieve your desired goals.‎ Now some people are taking a fresh look at daydreaming. Some think it may be a very healthy thing to do. Researchers are finding daydreaming, they tell us, is a good means of relaxation. But its benefits go beyond this. A number of psychologists have conducted experiments and have reached some surprising conclusions.‎ Dr. Joan T. Freyberg has concluded that daydreaming contributes to intellectual growth. It also improves concentration, attention span, and the ability to get along with others, she says. In an experiment with school children, the same researcher found that daydreaming led the children to pay more attention to details. They had more happy feelings. They worked together better. Another researcher reported that daydreaming seemed to produce improved selfcontrol and creative abilities.‎ But that’s only part of the_story. The most remarkable thing about daydreaming may be its usefulness in shaping our future lives as we want them to be. Industrialist Henry J. Kaiser believed that much of his success was due to the positive use of daydreaming. He maintained that “you can imagine your future”. Florence Nightingale dreamed of becoming a nurse. The young Thomas Edison pictured himself as an inventor. For these famous achievers, it appears that their daydreams came true.‎ Of course daydreaming is no substitute (代替者) for hard work. You have to work hard to develop skills. Daydreaming alone can’t turn you into your heart’s desire. But in combination with the more usual methods of selfdevelopment, it might make a critical difference. And who knows: You might see your own daydreams come true.‎ ‎1．From the scientific research, a few minutes’ daydreaming will ________.‎ A．relieve stress effectively B．improve grades C．escape from real life and duties D．gain a positive attitudes towards exams ‎2．According to Dr. Joan T. Freyberg, daydreaming can ________.‎ A．reduce failure in examinations B．help rapid and continuous physical growth C．improve selfcontrol and creative abilities D．benefit improvement of concentration ‎3．What does “the story” in Paragraph 4 refer to?‎ A．The attention.　　　 　B．The conclusion.‎ C．The contribution. D．The concentration.‎ ‎4．Nightingale and Edison are examples to explain that daydreaming probably ________.‎ A．earns a good reputation B．takes the place of hard work C．pictures future profession D．turns the desire into reality ‎ 二 I don’t think I can recall a time when I wasn’t aware of the beauty of the ocean. Growing up in Australia, I had the good fortune of having the sea at my side. The first time I went to Halfmoon Bay, I_suddenly_had_the_feeling_of_not_being_able_to_feel_the_ground_with_my_feet_anymore.‎ For my 10th birthday, my sister and I were taken out to the Great Barrier Reef. There were fish in different colors, caves and layers of coral. They made such an impression on me. When I learned that only 1 percent of Australia’s Coral Sea was protected, I was shocked. Australian marine (海洋的) life is particularly important because the reefs have more marine species than any other country on earth. But sadly, only 45% of the world’s reefs are considered healthy.‎ This statistic is depressing, so it’s important for us to do everything to protect them. The hope that the Coral Sea remains a complete ecosystem has led me to take action. I’ve become involved with the Protect Our Coral Sea activity, which aims to create the largest marine park in the world. It would serve as a place where the ocean’s species will all have a safe place forever.‎ Together, Angus and I created a little video and we hope it will inspire people to be part of the movement. Angus also shares many beautiful childhood memories of the ocean as a young boy, who grew up sailing, admiring the beauty of the ocean, and trying to find the secrets of ocean species.‎ ‎5．From the underlined sentence in Para. 1, we can learn the author ________.‎ A．seldom went surfing at the sea B．forgot his experiences about the ocean C．never went back to his hometown D．had a wonderful impression of Halfmoon Bay ‎6．According to the second paragraph, Australian marine life ________.‎ A．is escaping from the Coral Sea gradually B．depends on reefs for living greatly C．may be faced with danger D．is protected better than that in other oceans ‎ 7.The Protect Our Coral Sea activity is intended to ________.‎ A．contribute to a complete ecosystem B．prevent more marine species being endangered C．set up a large nature reserve for reefs D．raise more teenagers’ environmental awareness ‎8．Angus and the author create a little video to ________.‎ A．urge more people to take action to protect the marine species B．inspire more people to explore the secret of the ocean C．share their childhood experiences about the ocean D．bring back to people their memory of ocean species 三 Owls are equipped with highly developed stealth technology (隐形技术) that helps them charge towards prey — an animal hunted and eaten by another — undetected, a study has shown.‎ Owls have flight feathers that absorb aerodynamic sound and control the vibrations (振动) that occur when a bird beats its wings.The result is perfect silence as it approaches a mouse or other prey.‎ Scientists used lasers and highspeed cameras to analyse and compare longeared owl, eagle and pigeon feathers during flight. While differing in size, all three birds have a similar wingbeat style.‎ Professor Jinkui Chu led the research.He said, “Many owls have a unique and fascinating ability to fly so silently that they are out of their prey’s hearing range, due to their feather structure.”‎ This behaviour has long been of interest to engineers, as we seek to apply the owls’ noisereduction mechanisms (机制) to other purposes and situations that benefit society.‎ ‎“Now, however, we know the owls’ silent flight ability is even better than we thought. Of all birds the owl is the king of acoustic stealth. It not only manages to prevent aerodynamic noise when gliding, but also mechanical noise caused by vibration during flying.”‎ This is remarkable, considering the sudden jumping, bending and twisting the wings ‎ are subjected to when flapping and the noise that is created by other birds.‎ In the scientific world the process used to remove this mechanical noise is called “damping”， which means the removal of mechanical energy from a vibrating system usually by changing it into heat and allowing it to remain steady.‎ ‎“Our research showed the longeared owl has superior damping skill, meaning it can remain amazingly stable and remove mechanical noise caused by the movement of its feathers — quite an impressive achievement of engineering.”‎ He added，“This study will hopefully provide further insight into the owls’ silent flight mechanism and help engineers develop ideas for special materials or structures, such as onshore wind turbines, where similar noise removal can be applied.”‎ ‎9．What can be TRUE about owls according to the text?‎ A．They are active during the day.‎ B．They attract much attention from engineers.‎ C．They have similar wings to eagles.‎ D．They beat wings without vibrations.‎ ‎10．By saying “the owl is the king of acoustic stealth” in Paragraph 6, Jinkui Chu means owls ________. ‎ A．are good at capturing prey B．have a good sense of hearing C．are good at jumping and twisting D．have silent flight ability ‎11．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 8 refer to?‎ A．Mechanical noise.‎ B．The vibrating system.‎ C．Mechanical energy.‎ D．The removal of mechanical energy.‎ ‎12．What is mainly talked about in this text?‎ A．Facts about stealth technology.‎ B．Technique that owls use to fly.‎ C．The reason of researching into owls.‎ D．A study about owls’ unique ability.‎ ‎ 四 In today’s world of smartphones and notebook computers, most people have at least one timetelling thing with them. Since these digital products are so common, is time running out for the 500yearold watch? According to some consumers, the answer is yes. ‎ New Jersey teenager Charlie Wollman says a watch is “an extra piece of equipment with no necessary function”. Many young adults think so and use their smartphones to tell time. It is said that fewer young people wear watches today than ten years ago. As a result, some people say that the watch industry is at a crossroads.‎ However, watchmakers optimistically say that watches redeem popularity when consumers reach their 20s and 30s. By then, they are willing to spend money on a quality watch that doesn’t just keep good time. Fifty years ago, watchmakers took pride in their products’ accuracy. But in recent years, the watch industry has changed itself into an accessory business. And today, the image a watch communicates has become more important than the time it tells.‎ ‎“Complications” — features that go beyond simple timekeeping — are an important part of a watch’s image. Today’s watches offer lots of features that meet almost any personality. These features include compasses, USB drivers, and even other functions that measure the effectiveness of golf swings!‎ Creativity also plays a key role in designing today’s watches. For example, Japanese watchmaker Tokyoflash makes watches that don’t even look like watches. The company’s popular Shinshoku model uses different color lights to tell time. It looks more like a fashionable bracelet than a watch.‎ Whether a watch communicates fashion sense, creative talent of a love sports, consumers want their watches to stand out. Nowadays, everyone has the same kind of gadget in their bags, so people want to make a statement with what’s on their wrists. Will this interest in wrist fashion last? Only time will tell!‎ 四语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。有人认为，现在有很多可显示时间的设备，因此手表将会退出历史舞台；而制表商则认为，他们的手表能满足人们的不同个性和需求，手表还会流行起来。‎ ‎1．What can we know from the first paragraph?‎ A．As most people see, watches are out of fashion.‎ B．The watch industry will close down sooner or later.‎ C．Some people feel that watches have been of no use.‎ D．There are so many choices of watches for teenagers today.‎ ‎2．The underlined word “redeem” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by “________”．‎ A．enlarge　　　　　　 　B．regain C．change D．win ‎3．Japanese watchmaker Tokyoflash is mentioned in Paragraph 4 to ________.‎ A．tell that today’s watches need more imagination B．show why Shinshoku watches are popular C．advertise Shinshoku watches made by Tokyoflash D．make a comparison between watches and bracelets ‎4．What might be the most suitable title for the passage?‎ A．Japanese Watches Stand Out B．Watches Tell More Than Time C．Watch Industry Is in a Bad Situation D．Watches Are Becoming Less Popular 五 Scientists have found we are more likely to die on our birthdays than any other day. Researchers who studied more than two million people over 40 years found a rise in deaths from heart attacks, strokes (中风), falls and suicides on that day.‎ William Shakespeare died on his birthday on April 23, 1616. The actress Ingrid Bergman also died on her birthday, in August, 1982. On average, people over the age of 60 were 14 percent more likely to die on their birthdays. Heart attacks rose 18.6 percent on birthdays and were higher for men than women while strokes were up 21.5 percent — mostly in women. Dr. Vladeta Ajdacic of the University of Zurich said, “Birthdays end in a dangerous way more frequently than might be expected.” He added that risk of birthday death rose as people got older.‎ Canadian data also showed that strokes were more likely on birthdays, especially among patients with high blood pressure. There was a 34.9 percent rise in suicides, 28.5 percent rise in accidental deaths not related to cars, and a 44 percent rise in deaths from falls on birthdays. Psychologist Professor Richard Wiseman, from the University of Hertfordshire, said，“It seems to be a reliable finding. There are two cases — one is the case that suggests you eat too much and you are getting over excited and that causes you to die.” He said continuously, “The other is a placebo (安慰剂) effect. You_are_knifeedged_on_death. And you kept yourself going until your birthday. You think ’That’s it. I’ve had enough. I’m out of here.’” Dr. Lewis Halsey of the University of Roehampton said, “One interesting finding is that more suicides happen on birthdays, though only in men. Perhaps men are more likely to make a statement about their unhappiness when they think people will be taking more notice of them.”‎ The study is published in the journal Annals of Epidemiology.‎ ‎5．Which of the following can properly be put at the beginning of Paragraph 1?‎ A．Be happy on your birthday.‎ B．Be ready to care for others.‎ C．Be cautious about what you eat.‎ D．Be careful when blowing out candles.‎ ‎6．Which of the following explanations for the birthday death is TRUE?‎ A．More women tend to kill themselves on birthdays.‎ B．Strokes rise on birthday in both men and women.‎ C．Eating too much and getting much excitement make you die on birthday.‎ D．Unhappiness gets you to be conscious of the importance of noticing others.‎ ‎7．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean?‎ A．You’re soon dying.‎ B．The knife is very dangerous.‎ C．You’ve broken down.‎ D．The edge of the knife is sharp.‎ ‎8．Where is the passage most likely to be taken from?‎ A．A textbook.　　　　　 　B．A storybook.‎ C．A magazine. D．An advertisement.‎ 六 Earlier this year, the social media website Facebook announced that it would work with several news organisations — including The New York Times, The Guardian, and the BBC — to place news stories directly into users’ personal Facebook webpage. Stories published using Facebook Instant Articles will load more quickly and keep the style of the original publisher, who will keep all the advertising income the stories earn at least for now. The deal shows how important social media has become to news organisations, and is a clear sign of how the world of news is changing and has been for a while.‎ When Google News began in 2002, many saw it as the death of the newspaper. It had no human editor. Instead Google used and still uses a secret computer program that selects and displays news stories according to the reader’s personal interests. More recently, Associated Press and Yahoo! have been publishing computer written articles. Both use special software to automatically produce stories about company financial results and sports reports — areas where the quality of writing is felt to be of secondary importance to the accuracy of the data.‎ Should we be worried about such developments? I think we should. One concern is that Facebook, Google and other social media websites see journalism as a sideline, a way of putting people in front of advertisements. It isn’t their primary function — so if it stops making them lots of money, they’re likely to stop doing it.‎ There’s also a concern that computer written articles are not actually journalism at all,‎ ‎ because what a human news team produces is actually quite complex. A well written news story puts information in context, offers a voice to each side of an argument and brings the public new knowledge.‎ Though economics and speed of delivery mean readers will probably choose a computer written story over a carefully shaped article — at least for daily news — I don’t think computers will be writing any in depth articles for a while yet.‎ ‎9．What is the main purpose of the article?‎ A．To report on a new computer service offered by Facebook.‎ B．To advise readers against reading computer written news.‎ C．To express concerns about recent trends in online news.‎ D．To describe the process of online news reporting.‎ ‎10．Computer written news reports have so far focused on sports and finance because ________.‎ A．these are the most popular topics for online readers B．there are fewer journalists specialising in these areas C．information on these topics is more easily available D．writing style is less important than accuracy in these areas ‎11．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A．Journalism. B．Advertising.‎ C．Facebook. D．Business.‎ ‎12．In Paragraph 4, which of the following is mentioned as a characteristic of a well written news article?‎ A．The information presented is up to date.‎ B．The author’s opinion is clear.‎ C．Different views on the topic are presented.‎ D．The language used is vivid.‎ ‎ ‎ 一 语篇解读：‎ 本文是一篇说明文。一直以来，人们都认为白日梦是浪费时间。然而，现代科学研究表明，白日梦实际上可能改善精神健康和提高创造力，还有助于实现想要达成的目标。‎ ‎1.解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知，科学研究表明，白日梦能使人放松。故A项正确。‎ ‎2.解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，Joan T. Freyberg博士认为白日梦有助于集中注意力。故D项正确。‎ ‎3.解析：选B　短语猜测题。第三段主要陈述了Joan T. Freyberg博士的结论是白日梦有助于改善人的注意力。根据下文所举的例子可知，有关白日梦最值得注意的地方也许是它按照我们的愿望去塑造我们未来生活的作用。由此可知，第三段提到的内容只是结论中的一部分，所以“the story”指的是结论。故B项正确。4.解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第四段可知，Nightingale梦想自己成为一名护士，年轻时的Edison把自己想象成一个发明家；再结合第四段最后一句可推知，两个例子都在解释白日梦也许能勾画出未来的职业。故C项正确。‎ 二 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，作者旨在号召人们保护海洋生物。‎ ‎5.解析：选D　句意理解题。根据第一段第一、二句可知，作者非常喜欢海洋，画线句意为“我突然有了一种不想再踏上陆地的感觉”，说明Halfmoon Bay给作者留下了一个美好的印象。故选D。‎ ‎6.解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的最后两句可推知，澳大利亚的海洋生物可能处在危险之中。故选C。‎ ‎7.解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“which aims to create the largest marine park in the world. It would serve as a place where the ocean’s species will all have a safe place forever”可知，其目的是保护海洋生物免受危险。故选B。‎ ‎8.解析：选A　细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句可知，他们的目的是鼓励人们参与到保护海洋生物的行动中来。故选A。‎ 三语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究指出猫头鹰有一种高度发达的隐形技术，这能帮助它们悄然无声地冲向猎物。‎ ‎9.解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“This behaviour has long been of interest to engineers”可知，猫头鹰引起了工程师的广泛关注。‎ ‎10.解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第六段中的“we know the owls’ silent flight ability is even better than we thought ... It not only manages to prevent aerodynamic noise when gliding ...”，再结合上下文可知，猫头鹰有无声飞行的能力，所以D项正确。‎ ‎11.解析：选C　代词指代题。分析该词所在句“the process used to remove this ‎ mechanical noise is called ’damping’， which means the removal of mechanical energy from a vibrating system”可知，it指代的是mechanical energy (机械能)。‎ ‎12.解析：选D　主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了一项关于猫头鹰的研究，故D项最能概括文章主旨。‎ ‎ ‎ 四1.解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段第五句可知，有些人认为，手表已经没什么用了。故选C。‎ ‎2.解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据第二段内容可知，制表商们认为，消费者在二三十岁的时候，就会乐意花钱买一个不错的手表，因此他们对手表能重获消费者的青睐持乐观态度。由此可推知，“redeem”的意思应为“重获”，与regain的意思相近。故选B。‎ ‎3.解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第四段第二句中的“For example ...”可推知，作者提到日本的制表商Tokyoflash是为了说明在第一句中所表达的观点，即如今的手表需要更多的创造性和想象力。故选A。‎ ‎4.解析：选B　标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要讲述的是：为了迎合时代的发展和人们的需求，现在的手表不仅能显示时间，还有一些新功能，比如有指南针和U盘接口等，制表商对手表的未来充满了信心。B项意为“手表不仅仅能显示时间”，体现了本文的中心，适合做标题。故选B。‎ 五语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，60岁以上人群在生日那天死亡率升高，并分析了原因。‎ ‎5.解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知，生日那天的死亡率更高。D项意为“吹生日蜡烛时要小心”，承接下文，可以放在第一段的开头。故答案选D。‎ ‎6.解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段第四句可知，在生日那天死亡的原因包括吃得太多和过度兴奋。故答案选C。‎ ‎7.解析：选A　句意理解题。根据画线句后的“And you kept yourself ...I’m out of here.’”可知，此处应指你离死亡已经不远，但你强撑着身体，想等到生日那天享完了福再死。故画线句意为“你不久就要死去”。故答案选A。‎ ‎8.解析：选C　文章出处题。根据最后一段可知，这篇文章应选自杂志。故答案选C。‎ 六语篇解读：脸谱网启用新闻发布平台，合作媒体包括《纽约时报》、《卫报》和英国广播公司(BBC)。‎ ‎9.解析：选C　写作意图题。根据第三段中的“Should we be worried about such developments? I think we should.”可知，作者写本文是为了表达对这一发展趋势的担心。故选C。‎ ‎10.解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Both use special software ...secondary ‎ importance to the accuracy of the data.”可知，新闻之所以主要报道金融和体育运动方面，是因为它们对写作方式要求不高。故选D。‎ ‎11.解析：选A　代词指代题。根据第三段第二句可知，作者认为它们把新闻业当副业；接下来说“它不是它们的主要功能”。故本处“It”指的是新闻业(journalism)。故选A。‎ ‎12.解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，一篇好的新闻报道会反映各方的心声，呈现不同的观点。故选C。‎