北京首师大附中2021届高三英语上学期第一次月考试题（Word版附解析）

北京首师大附中2021届高三英语上学期第一次月考试题（Word版附解析）

北京首师大附中 2020-2021 学年度第一学期第一次月考试卷 高三英语 笔试 一 语法填空 共 10 小题，每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分。‎ A Once I was playing in the woods when the sky started to turn dark and the wind started to blow. I saw a big black cloud ___1___(move) towards me. Suddenly, I felt the rain hitting my face! Actually, it was pouring! Then I saw lightning in the sky. And later, BOOM!!! A loud clap of thunder! Then I saw a little old hut and ran inside. It smelled awful and the walls were shaking, but it was ___2___(good) than nothing! Outside, the wind was howling and things were flying around. I just stood in the corner, cold and scared. ___3___(lucky) my dad came and found me. I was safe!‎ ‎【答案】1. moving ‎ ‎2. better 3. Luckily ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了作者有一次在树林里玩的时候，遭遇了恶劣的天气状况，作者看到一间又小又旧的茅屋，就跑了进去，站在角落里，又冷又害怕，这时作者的父亲找到了作者。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 考查现在分词。句意：我看见一片大黑云向我飘来。分析句子可知，本句涉及see sb doing sth“看到某人正在做某事”的用法，在本句中 cloud与moving在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填moving .‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 考查形容词比较级。句意：小屋气味很难闻，它的墙壁在摇晃，但总比什么都没有好。由“than”可知，应用good的比较级better。故填better .‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：幸运的是，我爸爸来了，找到了我。Luckily为副词置于句首，修饰整个句子。故填 Luckily.‎ B Li Bai was a Chinese poet praised from his own day to the present as a romantic figure ___4___took traditional poetic forms to new heights. Thirty-four of his poems are ‎ included in Three Hundred Tang Poems. ___5___(he) early poetry took place in the “golden age” of Tang dynasty. This all changed suddenly when all of northern China ___6___(destroy) by war. Fortunately, many of his poems ___7___(survive) ever since, enjoying lasting popularity in China and elsewhere.‎ ‎【答案】4. who 5. His ‎ ‎6. was destroyed ‎ ‎7. have survived ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了李白在诗歌创作方面所取得的成就。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 考查关系代词。句意：李白是一位中国诗人，从他的时代到现在他都被誉为一个浪漫的人物，他把传统的诗歌形式推向了新的高度。分析句子可知，figure为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作主语，所以关系代词为who。故填who .‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 考查代词。句意：他早期的诗歌创作于唐朝的“黄金时代”。poetry为名词，应用形容词性物主代词his来修饰。故填His.‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：当中国整个北方遭受战争的蹂躏时，这一切突然发生了变化。分析句子可知，本句为一般过去时，主语all of northern China与谓语destroy为被动，所以用一般过去时的被动语态was destroyed。故填was destroyed .‎ ‎7题详解】‎ 考查现在完成时。句意：幸运的是，此后他的许多诗歌流传了下来，在中国和其他地方一直广受欢迎。 ever since在本句中为副词“此后”，出现在句中时，句子为现在完成时。本句的主语为many of his poems ，所以谓语为have survived。故填have survived.‎ C The Chinese Lunar(月球) Exploration Program is designed to be conducted in three stages: The first is simply reaching lunar orbit(轨道), a task ___8___(complete) by Chang‟e ‎1 in 2007 and Chang‟e ‎2 in 2010. The second is ___9___(land) on the Moon, as Chang‟e 3 did in 2013 and Chang‟e ‎4 in 2019. The third one is collecting lunar samples and sending them to Earth, a task for the future Chang‟e 5 and Chang‟e 6 missions. It ___10___(be) China‟s first sample return mission in ‎ December 2019.‎ ‎【答案】8. completed ‎ ‎9. landing 10. will be/ is going to be ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了中国探月工程的三个阶段。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 考查过去分词。句意：第一个阶段是到达月球轨道，这是嫦娥一号在2007年和嫦娥二号在2010年完成的一项任务。分析句子可知，a task与complete在逻辑上是被动关系，所以用过去分词。故填completed.‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 考查动名词。句意：第二个阶段是登陆月球，嫦娥三号在2013年登陆，嫦娥四号在2019年登陆。分析句子结构可知，本句为主系表结构。landing为动名词作表语。故填landing .‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 考查一般将来时。句意：嫦娥六号将在2019年12月执行中国的第一次采样返回任务。由“ in December ‎2019”‎可知，句子为一般将来时，所以谓语动词为 will be/ is going to be。故填 will be/ is going to be.‎ 二 完形填空 共 20 小题，每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分 Geraniums of Love As the fifth of seven children I went to the same public school as my three elder sisters and brother. Every year, my mother went to the same ceremony and had parent-child interviews（亲子交流会）with the same teachers. The only thing different was the child. And every child ___11___ an old Geraniums school tradition—the annual plant sale（拍卖会）held in early May, just in time for ___12___ Day.‎ Third grade was the first time that I was allowed to take part in the plant sale. I wanted to surprise my mother. ___13___, I didn't have any money. I went to my eldest sister and ___14___ the secret, ‎ and she gave me some money. When I arrived at the plant sale, I carefully made my ___15___. I agonized（苦苦思索）over that decision, ___16___ each plant to ensure that I had indeed found the best geranium. The moment I had smuggled it home, with the help of my sister, I ___17___ it on the upstairs neighbor’s porch. I was very afraid my mother would find it before Mother's Day, but my sister assured me that she wouldn't, and ___18___ she did not.‎ When Mother's Day arrived, I was bursting with pride when I gave her that geranium. I remember how bright her eyes were, and how delighted she was with my ___19___.‎ The year I was fifteen, my younger sister reached third grade. In early May, she came to me full of wonder and secrecy and told me that there was going to be a plant sale at school and she wanted to _____20_____ our mother. Like my _____21_____ sister did for me, I gave her some money and off she went. She arrived at home full of _____22_____ excitement, the geranium hidden in a paper bag _____23_____ her sweater. “I looked at every plant,” she explained, “and I know I got the _____24_____ one!”‎ I helped my little _____25_____ hide that geranium on the upstairs neighbor's porch, assuring that our mother wouldn't find it before Mother's Day. I was there when she gave my mother the geranium, and I watched them both bursting with pride and _____26_____. It was like being in a dream I had already dreamed. My mother noticed me _____27_____, and she gave me a soft secret smile. Shocked and puzzled, I _____28_____ back. I had been wondering how my mother could _____29_____ to be surprised at this gift from her sixth child. But as I watched her eyes light up with delight as she was _____30_____ with that most precious gift, I knew she was not pretending.‎ ‎11. A. passed down B. participated in C. broke with D. carried on ‎12. A. Women’s B. Father’s C. Children’s D. Mother's ‎13. A. Besides B. Moreover C. However D. Therefore ‎14. A. shared B. discovered C. guarded D. unlocked ‎15. A. plan B. preparation C. present D. selection ‎16. A. watering B. growing C. inspecting D. protecting ‎17. A. showed B. potted C. packaged D. hid ‎18. A. indeed B. instead C. properly D. anyhow ‎19. A. performance B. grades C. gift D. presence ‎20. A. inspire B. surprise C. satisfy D. relax ‎21. A. youngest B. eldest C. cleverest D. bravest ‎22. A. nervous B. youthful C. increasing D. false ‎23. A. on B. beside C. behind D. under ‎24. A. shortest B. rarest C. best D. strongest ‎25. A. sister B. brother C. cousin D. friend ‎26. A. confusion B. anxiety C. delight D. astonishment ‎27. A. listening B. watching C. smelling D. tasting ‎28. A. waved B. smiled C. signed D. called ‎29. A. pretend B. continue C. appear D. try ‎30. A. impressed B. satisfied C. associated D. presented ‎【答案】11. B 12. D 13. C 14. A 15. D 16. C 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. B 21. B 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. B 29. A 30. D ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。作者回忆了自己和妹妹在母亲节给母亲送生日“惊喜”的故事。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。pass down把……传下去；participate in参加；break with和……断绝关系；carry on继续，坚持。学校每年举行一次植物拍卖会，那么，学校的每个孩子都要参加。下文中的“I was allowed to take part in the plant sale”亦是呼应。故B选项正确。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。woman女人；father父亲；child孩子，儿童；mother母亲。根据下文中的“before Mother's Day”可知，D选项正确。由常识也可知，母亲节在五月。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。besides此外；moreover而且，此外；however但是；therefore因此。前文提到：我想给母亲一个惊喜。该句提到：我没有钱。上下文之间是转折关系，故C选项正确。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。share分享；discover发现；guard守卫；unlock打开，揭开。根据后文“she gave me some money”可知，姐姐给了作者钱。由此可以推知，作者应该是把自己要给母亲惊喜这件事告诉了姐姐，即和姐姐“分享”了这个秘密。故A选项正确。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。plan计划；preparation准备；present礼物；selection挑选。根据下文中的“agonized（苦苦思索）over that decision”可知，作者要决定给母亲买什么，即“进行挑选”。故D选项正确。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。water浇水；grow种植，生长；inspect检查，审视，视察；protect保护。作者为了确保找到最好天竺葵，当然要仔细观看每一株植物。故C选项正确。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。show展示；pot；package；hide藏。上文提到作者想要给母亲惊喜，所以她当然要把天竺葵“藏”起来。故D选项正确。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。indeed的确；instead代替；properly恰当地；anyhow不管怎样。我姐姐向我保证母亲不会发现这株天竺葵，的确，母亲没有发现。A选项正确。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。performance表演；grade年级；gift礼物；presence出席，到场。母亲节那天，作者将天竺葵送给母亲，母亲对于孩子送的“礼物”很开心。C选项正确。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。inspire鼓舞；surprise使惊讶；satisfy使满意；relax放松。作者的妹妹向作者借钱，也想要给母亲一个惊喜。故B选项正确。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。young年轻的；old老的；clever聪明的；brave勇敢的。根据上文中的“I went to my eldest sister”可知，作者原来是向自己的大姐借的钱。故B选项正确。eldest意为“最年长的”。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。nervous紧张的；youthful年轻的；increasing不断增长的；false错误的。根据后文中的“the geranium hidden in a paper bag”可知，作者的妹妹把给母亲买的礼物藏在袋子里。由此可以推知，作者的妹妹既为买了礼物高兴，又担心被母亲发现，所以她有点“紧张”，故A选项正确。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查介词词义辨析。on在……上面；beside在……旁边；behind在……后面；under在……‎ 下面。根据前文中的hidden可以推知，妹妹应该是把袋子藏在毛衣的下面，以防被发现。故D选项正确。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。short短的；rare罕见的；good好的；strong强壮的，结实的。妹妹看了每一株植物，她当然是要找“最好”的。故C选项正确。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。sister姐（妹）；brother兄（第）；cousin堂兄弟；friend朋友。根据该段中的“my younger sister”可知，作者帮助自己的“妹妹”把花藏了起来。故A选项正确。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。confusion困惑；anxiety焦虑；delight高兴；astonishment惊讶。收到女儿送的礼物，母亲当然“高兴”，女儿为自己的行为感动“骄傲自豪”，下文中的“as I watched her eyes light up with delight”亦是提示。故C选项正确。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。listen听；watch观看；smell闻；taste品尝。根据上文的“I watched them”可知，作者看着发生的一切。故B选项正确。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。wave挥手；smile微笑；sign签名；call打电话。上文提到“she gave me a soft secret smile”，作者也回以母亲微笑。B选项正确。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。pretend假装；continue继续；appear出现；try尝试。根据最后一句“I knew she was not pretending”可知，作者怀疑母亲在假装惊讶。A选项正确。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。impress给……留下印象；satisfy使满意；associate把……联系在一起；present呈现，赠送。根据上文中的“when she gave my mother the geranium”可知，作者妹妹送给母亲礼物，即：母亲被赠送礼物。故D选项正确。‎ 三 阅读理解 第一节 共 15 小题，每小题 2 分，共 30 分 A Slowly, so slowly that we never even noticed how it happened, our family stopped talking to each other. Our own worlds opened up to us through the computer or the cell phone or the CD player.‎ Family Night was born when Mom called us for dinner. Jessica and I came and sat down. Dad loaded his plate and started to rise from the table.‎ ‎“Where are you going?” Mom questioned.‎ ‎“To the living room. I have some work,” Dad replied as he hurried away. Mom’s face got tight, but she said nothing. About two minutes later, my cell phone buzzed. Jessica kept her earphones on during most of the meal. Mom was clearly upset.‎ Family Night started the next week. Mom established three rules: no phones, no music, and no leaving the table. Everyone would eat together and play a game together “like a real family.”‎ All seemed to be going according to Mom’s plan until the first buzz of a cell phone. After dinner, we had been playing the board game for only ten minutes when another cell phone let out a shrill scream. This time the phone belonged to my father.‎ ‎“Work’s calling. I have to answer,” he whispered as he hurried out of the room.‎ Mom sighed, but she forced a smile and encouraged us to continue with the game. We kept playing through every interruption afterwards: the beeping of Jessica’s phone, the buzz of another text message from Darnell, the soothing voice announcing the arrival of an e-mail on Dad’s computer. When the game was over, Mom released us to our rooms.‎ That first Family Night was not a success, but Mom soldiered on. Every Monday evening we silenced our electronics and gathered around the table; and each time, setting aside our technological toys became a little easier. The next two months my father would be taking business trips. We wouldn’t be able to have Family Night every Monday.‎ To my surprise I realized that I would miss those few hours each week when the house was filled with my family’s laughter and conversation. I was also glad to know that when we really wanted to, we could silence the electronic buzz and just be a family again.‎ ‎31. What led to the start of Family Night?‎ A. Electronics harmed the family’s life.‎ B. Heavy housework made Mom angry.‎ C. Dad didn’t get along well with others.‎ D. The children were too lazy to help Mom.‎ ‎32. Family Night made the family than before.‎ A. closer B. healthier C. more relaxed D. more ‎ confident ‎33. What words can best describe the first Family Night?‎ A. Tiring but satisfying. B. Challenging but exciting.‎ C. Busy but interesting. D. Unsuccessful but meaningful.‎ ‎【答案】31. A 32. A 33. D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇记叙文。文章解释了一种社会现象。电子产品损害了作者家庭的生活，因而导致了Family Night的开始。Family Night使家庭比以前更亲密。告诫我们：珍惜亲情，远离电子产品。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第五段中的Family Night started the next week. Mom established three rules: no phones, no music, and no leaving the table.可知，Family Night从下周开始。妈妈制定了三条规则：不准打电话，不准听音乐，不准离开桌子。由此推知，“电子产品损害了这个家庭的生活”导致了Family Night的开始。故选A。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第五段中的Everyone would eat together and play a game together “like a real family.”可知，每个人都会一起吃饭，一起玩游戏，“就像一个真正的家庭”。由此可知，Family Night使家庭比以前更亲密。故选A。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第五段中最后一句Everyone would eat together and play a game together “like a real family.”(每个人都会一起吃饭，一起玩游戏，“就像一个真正的家庭”)和第六段第一句All seemed to be going according to Mom’s plan until the first buzz of a cell phone.(一切似乎都在按照妈妈的计划进行，直到第一次响起手机的嗡嗡声)可知，“不成功而有意义”最能描述第一个Family Night。故选D。‎ ‎【点睛】做推理判断题时对于暗含在文章中人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。本题第3小题，根据第五段中最后一句Everyone would eat together and play a game together “like a real family.”(每个人都会一起吃饭，一起玩游戏，“就像一个真正的家庭”)和第六段第一句All seemed to be going according to Mom’s plan until the first buzz of a ‎ cell phone.(一切似乎都在按照妈妈的计划进行，直到第一次响起手机的嗡嗡声)可知，“不成功而有意义”最能描述第一个Family Night。故选D。‎ B New App Helps People Remember Faces Large gatherings such as weddings and conferences can be socially overwhelming. Pressure to learn people’s names only adds to the stress. A new facial-recognition app could come to the rescue, but privacy experts recommend proceeding with caution.‎ The app, called SocialRecall, connects names with faces via smartphone cameras and facial recognition, potentially avoiding the need for formal introductions. “It breaks down these social barriers we all have when meeting somebody,” says Barry Sandrew, who created the app and tested it at an event attended by about 1,000 people.‎ After receiving an invitation to download SocialRecall from an event organizer, the user is asked to take two selfies and sign in via social media. At the event, the app is active within a previously defined geographical area. When a user points his or her phone camera at an attendee’s face, the app identifies the individual, displays the person’s name, and links to his or her social media profile. To protect privacy, it recognizes only those who have agreed to participate. And the app's creators say it automatically deletes users’ data after an event.‎ Ann Cavoukian, a privacy expert who runs the Privacy by Design Center of Excellence praises the app’s creators for these protective measures. She cautions, however, that when people choose to share their personal information with the app, they should know that “there may be unintended consequences down the road with that information being used in another context that might come back to bite you.”‎ The start-up has also developed a version of the app for individuals who suffer from prosopagnosia, or “face blindness,” a condition that prevents people from recognizing individuals they have met. To use this app, a person first acquires an image of someone’s face, from either the smartphone’s camera or a photograph, and then tags it with a name. When the camera spots that same ‎ face in real life, the previously entered information is displayed. The collected data are stored only on a user’s phone, according to the team behind the app.‎ ‎34. SocialRecall is used to ________.‎ A. take photos B. identify people C. organize events D. make friends ‎35. Paragraph 3 is mainly about ________.‎ A. how the app works B. how the app was created C. what makes the app popular D. what people can do with the app ‎36. SocialRecall helps people with prosopagnosia by ________.‎ A. giving names to the photos kept in their smartphones B. collecting information previously entered in the phone C. providing the information of a person when they first meet D. showing the person’s information when it spots a stored face ‎37. What can we learn about SocialRecall from the passage?‎ A. It may put people’s privacy at risk.‎ B. It has caused unintended consequences.‎ C. It can prevent some communication disorders.‎ D. It is praised by users for its protective measures.‎ ‎【答案】34. B 35. A 36. D 37. A ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇科普类短文阅读。文章主要介绍一款新的应用程序帮助人们识别面孔，但也有可能泄露隐私。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章第二段The app, called SocialRecall, connects names with faces via smartphone cameras and facial recognition, potentially avoiding the need for formal introductions.可知，这款名为SocialRecall的应用软件可以通过智能手机摄像头和面部识别功能将名字和人脸联系起来，从而避免了正式介绍的必要，从而可以推断出，是用来识别人。故选B。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 段落大意题。根据文章第三段本主要讲述在收到活动组织者发出邀请后，用户需要自拍两张照片并通过社交媒体登录，在活动中，该应用程序在之前定义的地理区域内处于活动状态。当用户将他或她的手机摄像头对准出席者的脸时，该应用程序就会识别这个人，显示这个人的名字，并链接到他或她的社交媒体个人资料，故本段主要介绍SocialRecall这款应用软件工作原理。故选A。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段To use this app, a person first acquires an image of someone’s face, from either the smartphone’s camera or a photograph, and then tags it with a name. When the camera spots that same face in real life, the previously entered information is displayed. The collected data are stored only on a user’s phone, according to the team behind the app.可知，用户使用智能手机的摄像头或照片中获取某人的面部图像，然后给它加上一个名字。当摄像机在现实生活中发现相同的人脸时，就会显示之前输入的信息，从而帮助脸盲症患者识别此人的信息。故选D。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章第四段She cautions, however, that when people choose to share their personal information with the app, they should know that “there may be unintended consequences down the road with that information being used in another context that might come back to bite you.”可知，当人们选择将自己的个人信息分享给应用程序时，他们应该知道，在未来可能会出现意想不到的后果，从而可以推断出SocialRecall这款应用程序可能会危及人们的隐私。故选A。‎ C Most groups of plants and animals are richer in species and more plentiful near the equator. In the ocean, that holds true for cold-blooded predators(掠食者). But warm-blooded predators are more diverse toward the poles and noticeably missing from several warm hot spots. Why?‎ John Grady, an ecologist, and his team considered the possibility—warm-blooded animals need a lot to fuel their metabolism(新陈代谢). Perhaps colder waters are just richer in small fish? But they found that at higher, colder places, there isn’t actually much more food around. It’s more that warm-blooded animals are eating a much bigger share of it than their cold-blooded competitors.‎ The real explanation is simple. An animal’s speed, swiftness, and intelligence depend on its ‎ metabolism, which in turn depends on its temperature. Since birds and mammals can keep heating their bodies in icy conditions, they remain fast and attentive. By contrast, the fish they hunt become slower and duller. At some tipping point of temperature, seals, dolphins, and penguins start outswimming their prey(猎物). They become more likely to come upon targets and outpace the cold-blooded predators of their own.‎ In Grady’s words, “Warm-bodied predators are favoured where preys are slow, stupid and cold.” That’s why sharks and other predatory fish dominate near the equator, but colder waters are the kingdom of whales and seals. By keeping food to themselves in the poles, these creatures can then specialize on specific types of prey, which makes them more likely to split into separate species. The killer whales of the North Pacific, for example, include mammal-eating transients and fish-eating, year-round residents.‎ But the world is changing. It’s likely that the surface of the oceans will warm by 2 to ‎3℃‎ within this century. Grady’s team estimates that every time the ocean’s surface warms by ‎1℃‎, populations of sea mammals will fall by 12%, and populations of seals and sea lions will fall by 24%.‎ But “predictions are hard,” Donna Hauser from the University of Alaska Fairbanks notes. “Polar bears are losers of a warming world, but some populations are still doing well. Some groups of whales have changed the timing of their migrations; others are hunting in deeper, colder waters. These changes might make sea mammals more adaptable to changing climates. Maybe they just need to find the places where fish remain slow, stupid and cold.”‎ ‎38. Why are there more types of warm-blooded predators near the poles?‎ A. Because there is more food.‎ B. Because there are fewer enemies.‎ C. Because they are faster and wiser.‎ D. Because they consume less energy.‎ ‎39. The author mentions the killer whales to show ______.‎ A. the benefit of biological evolution B. food preference of different sea mammals C. the distinction of specific types of predators D. the advantage of constant body temperature ‎40. What is Donna Hauser’s attitude towards the future of the sea mammals?‎ A. Positive. B. Negative.‎ C. Neutral. D. Sceptical.‎ ‎41. Which is the best title for the passage?‎ A. Are the Poles Heaven for Sea Predators?‎ B. How Do Sea Mammals Track Their Prey?‎ C. Why Do the Warm-Blooded Like Food Cold?‎ D. Is the World Too Hot for the Warm-Blooded?‎ ‎【答案】38. C 39. D 40. A 41. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。在赤道附近，大多数动植物种类更丰富，数量也更多。但是温血食肉动物在两极的分布更加多样化，在一些温暖的热点地区明显缺失。文章并且分析了这一想象的原因。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 推理判断题。第三段第二句An animal’s speed, swiftness, and intelligence depend on its metabolism, which in turn depends on its temperature. Since birds and mammals can keep heating their bodies in icy conditions, they remain fast and attentive.可知动物的速度、速度和智力取决于它的新陈代谢，而新陈代谢又取决于它的体温。由于鸟类和哺乳动物可以在寒冷的环境中保持体温，所以它们保持快速和专注。因此极地附近有更多种类的温血掠食者是因为他们更快更聪明。故选C。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句In Grady’s words, “Warm-bodied predators are favoured where preys are slow, stupid and cold.” That’s why sharks and other predatory fish dominate near the equator, but colder waters are the kingdom of whales and seals.可知 “身体温暖的捕食者更喜欢那些行动缓慢、愚蠢和寒冷的猎物。”“这就是为什么鲨鱼和其他掠食性鱼类在赤道附近占统治地位，而较冷的水域则是鲸鱼和海豹的王国。故作者提到鲸鱼是为了说明恒温动物的优点，故选D。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句These changes might make sea mammals more adaptable to changing climates.可知Donna Hauser认为这些变化可能使海洋哺乳动物更能适应不断变化的气候。他对于海洋哺乳动物的未来是积极乐观的。故选A。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。第一段第三句But warm-blooded predators are more diverse toward the poles and noticeably missing from several warm hot spots.以及本文主要内容是分析温血食肉动物在两极的分布更多的原因，故选C。‎ D WISH YOU WERE MORE CREATIVE?‎ I want to ask you a favor. I have a pair of pants. Tell me: How many different ways can I put a pair of pants to use? Now imagine you're an architect. Same question. Now imagine you're Bill Gates. A scuba diver. A medieval knight. You still have the pants. What alternative uses come to mind?‎ What you just practiced--the conscious act of "wearing" another self--is an exercise that, according to psychiatrist SriniPillay, MD, is essential to being creative.‎ One great irony (讽刺) about our collective addiction to creativity is that we tend to frame it in uncreative ways. That is to say, most of us marry creativity to our concept of self: Either we’re “creative” or we aren't, without much of a middle ground. "I'm just not a creative person!” a discouraged student might say in art class, while another might blame her talent at painting for her difficulties in math, making a comment "I'm very right-brained."‎ Dr.Pillay, an assistant professor at Harvard University, has spent years overturning these ideas. He believes that the key to unlocking your creative potential is to challenge the stereotyped (陈词滥调的) advice that urges you to “believe in yourself.” In fact, you should do the opposite: Believe you are someone else.‎ He points to a study showing the impact of stereotype on one's behavior. The authors, psychologists Denis Dumas and Kevin Dunbar, divided their college student subjects into two groups, instructing one group to think of themselves as "eccentric poets" and the other to imagine they were "rigid librarians". The researchers then presented them all with ordinary objects, including a fork, a carrot, and a pair of pants, and asked them to come up with as many different uses as possible for each ‎ one. The former group came up with the widest range of ideas, whereas the latter had the fewest.‎ These results suggest that creativity is not an individual characteristic but a “product of context and perspective”. Everyone can be creative, as long as he or she feels like a creative person.‎ Dr. Pillay's work takes this a step further: He argues that simply identifying yourself as creative is less powerful than taking the brave, creative step of imagining you are somebody else. This exercise, which he calls psychological Halloweenism, refers to the conscious action of “wearing” another self. An actor may employ this technique to get into character, but anyone can use it. According to Dr. Pillay, it works because it is an act of conscious unfocus, a collection of brain regions that spring into action when you're not focused on a specific task or thought. Most people spend nearly half of their days in a state of "unfocus." This doesn't make us lazy; it makes us human.‎ Imagining yourself in a new situation, or an entirely new identity, never felt so productive. You’re making yourself more creative, and you're giving yourself permission to do something you'd otherwise feel guilty about.‎ ‎42. What’s the function of the questions in paragraph 1?‎ A. To lead in the topic. B. To make a comparison.‎ C. To state an opinion. D. To ask a favor.‎ ‎43. The study led by Denis Dumas and Kevin Dunbar proves_____‎ A. creativity is an individual characteristic B. librarians are more creative than poets C. ordinary objects can improve creativity D. your creativity is determined by yourself ‎44. According to Dr. Pillay, Halloweenism works because ______.‎ A. it is an act of unconscious focus B. certain brain areas begin to act together C. people are in a state of laziness D. all actors employ this technique ‎45. If you want to be more creative, you are supposed to _______.‎ A. focus on a specific task B. believe in your own talent C. pretend to be someone else D. turn to be right-brained ‎【答案】42. A 43. D 44. B 45. C ‎【解析】‎ 本文为议论文。文章论述了如何让自己更有创造力，给读者展示了一种心理学理念——心理角色扮演：遇见更有创造力的自己。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第一段可知作者问读者一条裤子可以有多少种不同的用法?并让读者假设自己是一名建筑师，比尔盖茨，带水肺的潜水员，一个中世纪的骑士等等思考同样的问题。根据第二段What you just practiced--the conscious act of "wearing" another self--is an exercise that…is essential to being creative.可知作者接着说刚才你所练习的——有意识地“穿戴”另一个自我的行为——是一种对保持创造力至关重要的练习。这说明作者在第一段问这些问题就是为了引出下文中的“创造力”话题， 故选A项。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第六段These results suggest that creativity is not an individual characteristic but a “product of context and perspective”. Everyone can be creative, as long as he or she feels like a creative person.可知Denis Dumas 和Kevin Dunbar的研究结果表明创造力不是个体特征，而是“环境和视角的产物”。每个人都可以有创造力，只要他或她觉得自己是一个有创造力的人。也就是说一个人的创造力是取决于自己的。故选D项。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第七段中的According to Dr. Pillay, it works because it is an act of conscious unfocus, a collection of brain regions that spring into action when you're not focused on a specific task or thought.可知据皮莱博士说，心理万圣节之所以有效，是因为它是一种有意识的分散注意力的行为，当你不专注于某一特定任务或思想时，大脑中一系列区域就起作用。这说明心理万圣节有效是因为大脑的某些区域大脑协同工作，故选B项。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第四段中的He believes that the key to unlocking your creative potential is to challenge the stereotyped (陈词滥调的) advice that urges you to “believe in yourself.” In fact, you should do the opposite: Believe you are someone else.可知想象自己处在一个新的环境中，或者是一个全新的身份，你会感到从未有过的高效，你让自己更有创造力。由此推断所以要变得有创造力的话，要想象自己有一个全新的身份，也就是把自己想象成另外一个人。故选C项。‎ 第二节 共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，共 10 分 Can We Stop Food Longing Through Imaginary Eating?‎ Are you fighting an urge to reach for chocolate? Then, let it melt in your mind, not in your mouth. According to the recent research, imagining eating a specific food reduces your interest in that food, so you eat less of it.‎ This reaction to repeated exposure to food—being less interested in something because you’ve experienced it too much—is called habituation _____46_____‎ The research is the first to show that habituation can occur through the power of the mind. “If you just think about the food itself—how it tastes and smells—that will increase your appetite,” said Carey Morewedge, a well-known psychologist. “It might be better to force yourself to repeatedly think about chewing and swallowing the food in order to reduce your longing. _____47_____ Visualizing yourself eating chocolate wouldn’t prevent you from eating lots of cheese,” he added.‎ Morewedge conducted an interesting experiment. 51 subjects were divided into three groups. One group was asked to imagine putting 30 coins into a laundry machine and then eating three chocolates. _____48_____ Another group was asked to imagine putting three coins into a laundry machine and then eating 30 chocolates. Lastly, a control group imagined just putting 33 coins into the machine—with no chocolates. _____49_____ When they said they had finished, these were taken away and weighed. The results showed the group that had imagined eating 30 chocolates each ate fewer of the chocolates than the other groups.‎ ‎_____50_____ Physical signals—that full stomach feeling—are only part of what tells us we’ve finished a meal. The research suggests that psychological effects, such as habituation, also influence how much a person eats. It may lead to new behavioral techniques for people looking to eat more healthily, or have control over other habits.‎ A. What’s more, this only works with the specific food you’ve imagined.‎ B. People were advised to try different methods to perform the experiment.‎ C. For example, a tenth bite is desired less than the first bite, according to the study.‎ D. All of them then ate freely from bowls containing the same amount of chocolate each.‎ E. It meant those who repeatedly imagined eating would concern about some specific food.‎ F. This requires the same motor skills as eating small chocolates from a packet, the study says.‎ G. This study is part of the research looking into what makes us eat more than we actually need.‎ ‎【答案】46. C 47. A 48. F 49. D 50. G ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇选句填空。文章介绍了心理因素对人们饮食数量的影响，例如“习惯化”。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 根据横线前面一句This reaction to repeated exposure to food—being less interested in something because you’ve experienced it too much—is called habituation.可知，当我们多次接触到某一食物的时候，我们对它的兴趣就会减少，因为我们已经熟悉了它。，C项：For example, a tenth bite is desired less than the first bite, according to the study.(例如，根据这项研究，第十口要比第一口少。)是对前面理论的举例说明，故选C。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 根据横线后面一句Visualizing yourself eating chocolate wouldn’t prevent you from eating lots of cheese可知，想象自己吃巧克力的样子不会阻止你吃奶酪。也就是说我们要想象自己吃某种具体的食物，这样才会减少你对这种食物的渴望。A项：What’s more, this only works with the specific food you’ve imagined.(而且，这只适用于你想象中的特定食物。)恰好与此吻合，故选A。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 根据本段前面两句Morewedge conducted an interesting experiment. 51 subjects were divided into three groups.可知，研究人员对此问题进行了分组研究。第一组的研究对象被要求想象把30个硬币扔进洗衣机，然后想象吃了3个巧克力。这和从口袋里拿出巧克力来吃有类似的运动神经技巧，所以研究人员才会这样开展研究。F项：This requires the same motor skills as eating small chocolates from a packet, the study says.(这项研究称，这需要和吃小巧克力一样的运动技能。)符合文意，故选F。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 根据本段最后一句The results showed the group that had imagined eating 30 chocolates each ate fewer of the chocolates than the other groups.可知，在这些人吃完以后，进行称重。结果发现想象每次吃了30个巧克力的人实际上吃了最少。也就是说在他们实验结束以后，会让他们自由地吃巧克力。D项：All of them then ate freely from bowls containing the same amount of chocolate each.(然后，他们所有人都可以自由地从盛有相同数量巧克力的碗中进食。)符合文意，故选D。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 根据本段第三句The research suggests that psychological effects, such as habituation, also influence how much a person eats.‎ 可知，本次研究说明心理方面的因素会影响人们吃的东西的量。由此可见这个研究是关于人们饮食数量的话题。G项：This study is part of the research looking into what makes us eat more than we actually need.(这项研究是研究什么使我们吃得比实际需要的多的研究的一部分。)，故选G。‎ 四 书面表达 共 15 分 ‎51. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim来信说他将要参加学校“中国文化艺术社”举办的“中国古诗词诵读比赛”，请你为他推荐一首中国古诗词，内容包括：‎ ‎1．该诗词的名称和作者；‎ ‎2．该诗词的主要内容；‎ ‎3．你推荐该诗词的理由。‎ 注意：1. 词数不少于50；‎ ‎2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ 提示词：中国文化艺术社 Chinese Culture & Art Club 中国古诗词诵读比赛Classical Chinese Poetry Recitation Contest Dear Jim,‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【答案】Dear Jim,‎ I’m happy to know that you will take part in the  “Classical Chinese Peotry Recitation Contest” organized by Chinese Culture & Art Club in your school. Now, I’d like to recommend one of my favourite poems to you. It is Quiet Night Thoughts, written by Li Bai, a famous poet in Tang Dynasty.‎ The poem describes a vivid picture of a moonlight night. On a quiet night, the poet caught sight of the moonlight in front of his bed. He wondered if there was frost on the ground. Raising his head and looking at the bright moon, he suddenly thought of his hometown. Written in simple language, the ‎ poem trips off the tongue, which makes it easy to read for beginners.‎ If you need any other help, just let me know ! Wish you success in the contest！‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇提纲类作文。要求你向Jim推荐一首古诗词来参加朗诵比赛。‎ ‎【详解】该文应该明确三个要点：推荐诗词的名称和作者、主要内容、推荐理由。文章应以现在时态为主。尤其是在介绍诗词内容时，语言应该具体易懂。‎ ‎【点睛】所给范文要点齐全，条理非常清楚。正确灵活地应用了一些高级句式和词汇。例如：宾语从句that you will take part in the“Classical Chinese Peotry Recitation Contest”和if there was frost on the ground.非谓语动词(organized by Chinese Culture & Art Club、Raising his head and looking at the bright moon)；定语从句（which makes it easy to read for beginners）等。‎