【英语】2018届二轮复习书面表达45个话题常用词汇及经典范文（27页）

【英语】2018届二轮复习书面表达45个话题常用词汇及经典范文（27页）

‎ 高考英语书面表达总复习45个话题常用词汇及经典范文 ‎1.话题: 朋友/友谊 常用词汇: get to know sb.认识某人 know sb.really well 熟知某人 make friends with sb.和某人交朋友 a strong personality 一个很强的个性 personal matters 隐私 friendship 友谊 friendly 友好的 a close friend 一个亲密的朋友 trust each other 相互信任 precious 珍贵的 worthy 有价值的 understanding 通情达理的 share…with sb.与……分享…… be loyal to 对……忠诚 keep in touch with sb.与……保持联系 keep company with sb.和……结交 stay best friends with sb.和……保持很好的友谊 范例:‎ Ladies and gentlemen, ‎ It’s my honor to stand here and say something about friendship.‎ ‎ First, I think everyone needs friends and is eager to get friendship.When you are happy, you can share your happiness with your friends and when you are sad, you can complain to your friends.If you are arrogant, your friends can persuade you and they can make you confident and brave when you are discouraged. ‎ Second, as we all know, friendship is valuable.It can touch your heart and give you hope.Many people are proud of having a good friend.We must cherish our friends when we are happy with our friends.We should try our best to protect the friendship from being hurt.We will meet a lot of friends in our life.We should find the people who can understand us and share not only happiness but also sadness.When you lose it, both you and your friend will feel very sorrowful.So you can’t give up those friends, please don’t forget to keep in touch with your old friends, because staying with old friends is cherishable. ‎ Finally, just as an old saying goes, love comes and goes but friendship stays.It’s sweet and poetic, full of tears, hopes and happiness. So let’s cherish friendship!‎ ‎ That’s all.Thank you for listening.‎ ‎2.话题:语言学习 常用词汇:words and expressions 生词和习惯用语 vocabulary词汇量 spelling拼写 pronunciation发音 custom习俗 idiom习语 stress强调 intonation语调 list列表 recite背诵 learning学习approach方法 revision复习 discuss讨论 discussion讨论 game比赛,游戏 group组 team work合作 make notes做笔记attend a lecture参加讲座 life-long learning终生学习 communicate with交流 teach oneself自学 pick up习得 take a course上课 make preparations做准备 make full use of 充分利用 refer to a dictionary查字典 keep a diary记日记 ‎ consult an expert 咨询专家 范例: Dear Peter, ‎ I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well. Here are a few suggestions.First, it is important to take a Chinese Course, as you’ll be able to learn from teachers and practice with your fellow students. Then, it also helps to watch TV and read books, newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever possible. Besides, it should be a good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs, because by doing so you’ll learn and remember Chinese words more easily. You can also make more Chinese friends.They will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese.‎ ‎ Try and write me in Chinese next time. ‎ Best wishes,  Li Hua ‎3.话题:旅游 常用词汇: Tour旅行,观光 view 风景,视野 travel/trip/visit 旅游 tourist 游客 tourism 旅游业 scenery风景 board 上/船、飞机等 sightseeing 观光 adventure冒险 attractive 有吸引力的 hiking远足 local当地的 luggage行李 souvenir 纪念品 traveler 旅行者 voyage 航行 visa签证 go on a tour去旅行 tourism wave 旅游热 tourist attractions 旅游景点 a busy/low season for tourism 旅游旺/淡季 make a holiday trip 度假旅行 places of interest 名胜 范例:‎ Tourism ‎ Tourism is now becoming a booming industry in many countries.‎ ‎ It is obvious that it leads to the development of hotels and shopping facilities, and this creates jobs for the local people—jobs which would not otherwise exist.Since visitors are especially fond of examples of local crafts, a number of new industries tend to be developed to meet this demand. ‎ Still, the arrival of visitors always leads to improvements in ports, airports and roads.Local people then benefit from these improvements themselves, and meanwhile, the amusement parks, zoos and other amenities(文娱方便设施) gradually develop to attract more and more tourists. ‎ With the frequent contact between people from different places, science is bound to be promoted, possibly leading to the better understanding of people all over the world.‎ ‎4.话题:自然灾害 常用词汇:‎ earthquake 地震 drought 干旱 flood 洪水 typhoon 台风 hurricane 飓风 mudslide/landslide 泥石流 storm 风暴 snow storm 暴风雪 disaster 灾难 catastrophe 大灾难 ‎ extreme weather 极端天气 hit/strike袭击 happen/occur发生 damage破坏 warn警告 forecast/predict 预报 deaths 死亡人数 lost 失踪 injured受伤 trapped 被困 an economic loss of ‎ 经济损失donate money to the disaster-hit area 向受灾地区捐钱 to be a volunteer 做志愿者 One in trouble, all to help! 一方有难,八方支援 the rescue work 援救工作 范例:‎ ‎ On August 7, 2010, a powerful mudslide hit Zhouqu, south of Gansu, causing one death, with 3 people lost and 166 towns trapped.‎ It is reported that the flood has been the worst in the past 10 years. As is estimated , the mudslide has caused an economic loss of more than 3 million yuan. Fortunately , thousands of soldiers are sparing no efforts in the rescue work. What’s more , people all over the country donate money to the disaster-hit area or become a volunteer with the faith that one in trouble, all to help.‎ ‎5.话题:伟人 常用词汇:‎ great 伟大的 famous著名的 success成功 leader领导hard-working努力工作 society社会 effort努力 determination决心 devotion奉献 ambition野心,雄心 devote oneself to投身于be born in出身于 attend school上学 finish school毕业 graduate from毕业 be optimistic about对……乐观overcome barriers in life克服生活坎坷play an important role in在……中扮演重要角色 take an active part in积极参与lead/live an active and meaningful life过着积极有意义的生活show great interest in对……有极大的兴趣take sth. seriously认真对待attach great importance/significance to非常重视pay attention to注重be a success in 在……的成功者under the guidance of 在……的指导下 范例:‎ ‎ Premier Zhou Enlai ‎ Zhou Enlai was born in Huai’an, Jiangsu, on March 5, 1898.In 1917, he finished school in Nankai Middle School, and then went to France to learn Marxist theory.In 1922, he joined the Chinese Communist Party. After that , he was active in his work and directed the Party work in Shanghai. ‎ He led the famous uprising—Nanchang Uprising on August 1st, 1927.Then he took part in the Long March.From 1937 to 1945, he worked in South China.After the People’s Republic of China was founded, he was elected Premier of China.He put all his heart into the work and always worked until midnight.He had no time to think about himself, but only the Chinese people. Premier Zhou died on January 8th, 1976.The whole nation was in deep sorrow at his death for he was loved by all the people.Our beloved Premier Zhou will always be alive in our Chinese people’s hearts. He was a great Marxist and communist.‎ ‎6.话题:文化遗产 常用词汇: culture文化 cultural relics文化遗产 ruins废墟 ‎ ‎ value价值 valuable贵重的 worth值得 design设计 favorite特别受喜爱的 historic有历史意义的 holy神圣的memorable难忘的 mountainous多山的 primitive原始的 remote遥远的 sacred神圣的 spectacular壮丽的 wonderful美妙的 belong to属于 survive幸存 date back to/from追溯到 has a history of 有……的历史 protect…from…保护…… the past civilization 过去的文明 one of the wonders 奇迹之一 historic relics 历史遗产 tourist attraction 旅游热点 范例: The Great Wall ‎ The Great Wall, which runs across North China like a huge dragon, is the longest wall on the earth.It’s actually over 6,000 kilometers long now.It’s one of the wonders in the world.‎ ‎ The Great Wall has a history of more than 2000 years.The first part was built during the Spring and Autumn Period.All the walls were joined up in Qin Dynasty.It was very difficult to build such a long wall without any modern machines.All the work was done by hand.Thousands of people died while building the wall.Thus the Great Wall came into existence. ‎ Since then, it has been rebuilt and repaired many times.Now the Great Wall, the admiration of the world, has taken on a new look.It’s visited by large numbers of people from all parts of the country and the world. ‎7.话题:体育 常用词汇:sports activity 体育活动 athlete 运动员 sports programs 体育节目physical fitness 身体健康 compete 比赛,竞争 competition 竞赛 competitor 竞争者 host主办 medal 奖章 stadium 体育场 the Olympic Games 奥运会the Summer Olympics 夏季奥运会 the Winter Olympics 冬季奥运会 motto 座右铭,格言 take part in 参加 stand for 代表 sponsor 赞助 tournament 锦标赛 bid 投标 范例: ‎ Shooting, originated as a means of survival, developed into a sport only in the late 19th century.The sport first appeared in 1896, but none were contested during the 1904 and 1928 Games.The sport returned to the Olympics in 1932.Women were not allowed to compete in the Olympic shooting until 1968.As an Olympic event, shooting has been developing steadily, with only three events at the 1896 Olympic Games but 17 today.‎ ‎8.话题:现代技术 常用词汇: Science and technology 科学技术 computer电脑 Internet网络 computer games 电脑游戏 email 电子邮件 information信息 message消息 screen屏幕 mouse鼠标  apply应用 application应用 invent 发明 invention发明 electronic电子的 laptop手提电脑 equipment设备 equip…with 装备software软件 data数据 database数据库 robot机器人 satellite卫星 battery 电池 chip芯片 digital ‎ 数据的 fax 传真 portable手提的 engineer工程师 update更新 download下载 net网 network 网络系统 virus病毒 access进入 scan浏览 store sound and picture digitally自动贮存声音和图片 deal with处理 the latest version of the software最新版的软件 surf the Internet上网 shop on line 网上购物 范例: The Advantages and Disadvantages of the Internet ‎ The following aspects could best illustrate the advantages of the Internet. Net surfers (网上冲浪者) in different countries can share interesting knowledge and the latest information. Besides, The Internet has provided a major opportunity to buy and sell merchandise (商品).What is more, people may get medical help or even vote on the Internet .Its advantages seem countless. ‎ Behind all this glowing talk, however, are some problems. Internet makes people passive by stopping them making their own entertainment. So much that when there is a breakdown or jam, people may find that World Wide Web turns into World Wide Wait. What is worse, some children have access to the scenes of violence and sex. Apart from these, it can be affected by viruses(病毒) and hackers (黑客).‎ ‎ We should handle its problems, meanwhile we should exploit its potential as well .With proper management of Internet people ought to experience more fruits of the information revolution. All the wisdom of the ages, all the information that has enlightened mankind for centuries, should be available to us with the healthy development of the Internet. ‎9.话题:野生动物保护 常用词汇:wildlife 野生动物 protect保护 protection 保护 performance表演 feed 喂养 preserve保护 rare 稀有的 settle定居 existence生存 ecosystem 生态系统 creature动物,人 habitat栖息地 species物种 trap 陷阱 conservation 保护 endangered 濒危的 survive幸存 plain平原 dinosaur恐龙 evolution 进化 jungle丛林 disturb the wildlife’s natural habitat 扰乱野生动物的自然栖息地 preserve the existing woodlands 保护现存的林地 endangered species 濒危物种 be of great importance to 对……具有重要意义 ‎ 范例:(2009年广东题:读写任务) ‎ The passage narrates that koalas who are repeatedly awoken from their deep sleep are unhappy and complaining for tourists taking photos. The author appeals to us to be more kind to animals.‎ ‎ The reasons why tourists like taking photos of the animals in the zoo perhaps vary from people to people. Some think it a happy reminder of their visit to the zoo or the animals, while others may consider it just sort of fun to have. But anyway they may not share the deep feelings of the animals.‎ ‎ If I were in the same position as the animal in the zoo, my reaction would be very severe strongly against being photographed. Not having ‎ peaceful surroundings to sleep, don’t you suffer restless and fidgets? No doubt we do and so do the animals. I think it necessary to ban tourists’ taking pictures with animals, making a comfortable environment for them to live and regarding them as our friends, so as to establish harmonious relations with animals.‎ ‎10话题:文娱 常用词汇: popular (pop) music 流行音乐 folk music民族音乐 Rock Music 摇滚音乐 fans 乐/影迷 tune 曲调 song 歌曲 rhythm 节奏 melody 旋律 instrument 乐器 classical 古典的 beautiful美妙的 exotic异国情调的 New Age 新世纪音乐 play the guitar 弹吉他 see musicals 看音乐剧 soap opera肥皂剧 science fiction film 科幻片 see an opera/go to the opera 看歌剧 join clubs加入俱乐部 yoga 瑜珈 have dances on weekends参加周末舞会 have a picnic over the weekend 周末去野餐 范例:‎ Pop Music and Folk Music ‎ No one can avoid being influenced by pop music. Even little child imitate pop singers. ‎ Many people feel pop music is lighter and easier to understand than folk music. Even some intellectuals have no interest in folk music.However, a lot of folk music is characterized by soft and sweet melody. Listening to it makes us proud of our country, builds hope for the future and encourages us to work harder for the common good. Most pop songs, on the other hand, praise love and life styles which are beyond our reach, and they only concentrate on enriching our leisure life. ‎ As a middle school student, I want to know more about traditional music. When I turn on the radio or TV, I am overwhelmed by pop songs. I hardly hear any folk songs. I need a mixture of art, literature and pop music. ‎ ‎ ‎11.话题:节假日活动 常用词汇:celebrate庆祝 celebration 庆祝 custom 风俗 origin 起源 performance 表演 festival 节日 nowadays现在 particular 特定的 treat 款待 wedding婚礼 merry 高兴的  occasion 场合 lantern 灯笼 reception 接待 congratulate 道贺 congratulation祝贺 ceremony 典礼,仪式 invitation邀请 fireworks烟花 harvest 收获 recreation 娱乐方式 religion宗教 celebrate an anniversary 庆祝周年纪念 an event of importance具有重要意义的事件 attend a ceremony 出席一个仪式 a display of fireworks 烟火表演 on special occasions 在特殊场合 get-together 聚会 in memory of 纪念…… 范例:‎ Dragon Boat Festival ‎ Duanwu Festival is a traditional Chinese festival held on the fifth ‎ day of the fifth month of the Chinese calendar.It is also known as the Double Fifth.It has since been celebrated, in various ways, in other parts of East Asia as well. In the West, it’s commonly known as Dragon Boat Festival. ‎ The exact origins of Duanwu are unclear, but one traditional view holds that the festival memorializes the Chinese poet Qu Yuan (340BC~278BC) of the Warring States Period. He committed suicide by drowning himself in a river because he was disgusted by the corruption(腐败) of the Chu government.The local people, knowing him to be a good man, decided to throw food into the river to feed the fish so they would not eat Qu’s body.They also sat on long, narrow paddle boats called dragon boats, and tried to scare the fish away by the thundering sound of drums aboard the boat and the fierce looking carved dragon head on the boat’s prow(船头). ‎ Today, people eat bamboo—wrapped steamed glutinous rice dumplings called zongzi (the food originally intended to feed the fish) and race dragon boats in memory of Qu’s dramatic death. ‎12.话题:饮食 常用词汇: physical and mental condition 身体与精神状态 strong 强壮的 un/healthy 不健康/健康的 overweight/fat 肥胖的 thin 瘦的 near/short-sighted 近视的 mentally unhealthy 精神不健全的 normal 正常的 abnormal 不正常的 energetic 精力旺盛的 unhealthy eating habit 不健康的饮食习惯 eat much junk food 吃太多的垃圾食品 stay/keep healthy/fit 保持健康 build up one’s body/improve ones health 强身健体 enough sleep 充足的睡眠 take regular exercise 进行有规律的运动 proper diet 合理的饮食 good living habits 良好的生活习惯 lose weight 减肥 remove heavy burdens 减轻负担 be good for/do good to 对……有益处 nutrition 营养 go on a diet 节食 form a…eating habit 养成一个……的饮食习惯 breathe in as much fresh air as you can 尽你所能呼吸多一些新鲜空气 范例: ‎ No Breakfast No Good ‎ Now a lot of students go to school in a hurry so that they have no time to have breakfast .But not having breakfast will do harm to their health and their study. ‎ Having no breakfast will throw the normal work of our digestive system into confusion. As a result, it will do harm to our health. And at our age it is high time for us to grow up. So our bodies are in great need of energy. If we don’t have breakfast, there will be not enough energy to supply. This may stunt(阻碍) our growth. ‎ What’s more, it is a long period between breakfast and lunch. Breakfast provides us with the energy needed for the class. Without breakfast we cannot get along well with our classes. So for the sake of our health and our study, we must have breakfast. ‎13.话题:文学—价值观 常用词汇:‎ honest 诚实的 honesty 诚实 selfish 自私的 polite 有礼貌的 cultivated 有教养的 warm-hearted 热心的 hardworking 勤劳的 reliable 可靠的 responsible有责任心的 unselfish 无私的 value 价值 valuable 有价值的 mental 精神上的 material 物质上的 treat 对待,看待 character性格 positive 肯定的 active 积极的 brave 勇敢的 bravery 勇敢 community 社区 virtue美德 patience耐心 to seek one’s fortune 追求财富 have a right attitude towards…对……持正确的态度 范例: (2010年广东高考读写任务题) ‎ The passage mainly tells us that parents give money to their children so that they can show up or get good grades recently by the way of taking the example of Ethan and his mother. ‎ Ethan’s mother failed to stop Ethan watching TV by rewarding him with cash. This kind of action is common, and even become a trend, which is concerned by many adults. ‎ Form where I stand, I am not in favor of encouraging kids with cash just because they have got good marks. ‎ My parents used to encourage me like this. Whenever I made progress in my studies, they bought me my favorite books, which not only made me motivated to learn, but also helped me get along well with my studies. ‎ To get kids motivated to learn, I think we should not treat every child in the same way. To some students, oral praise is essential. Don’t save the praise for only the top score. If possible, involve other adults in praising them. However, this method may not work well with other kids. Maybe what is more important to them is to watch a movie or go on a trip together with their parents.It just depends. ‎14.话题:科普知识 常用词汇:science 科学 scientist 科学家 technology 技术 engineer 工程师 astronaut宇航员 astronomer 天文学家 breakthrough突破 project项目 capsule太空舱 manned spaceship/spacecraft载人飞船 space shuttle航天飞机 unmanned spaceship/spacecraft无人飞船 circling the moon绕月 landing on the moon登月 return to Earth返回地球 weather satellite气象卫星 communication satellite通信卫星carry out scientific experiments开展科学实验、with all the information available 有所有的可用信息 invent a folding wheel 发明可折叠的轮 have access to space travel能到太空旅游 apply basic technology to daily life 将基础科技运用到日常生活中 范例:‎ ‎ Is there life on Mars? We don‘t know.Can we land on Mars? It all depends on the development of science and technology.Man has known a little about Mars. There is almost no oxygen on Mars.It might be about 50 degrees above zero at noon and 100 degrees below zero at night, which ‎ prevents us from living there.Now that Mars are quite different from our earth, if we are to go to Mars one day, we should have to take along our own oxygen, food and clothing.But it is certain that with the development of science man will land on Mars in time. ‎15.话题:地理 常用词汇:position 位置 size面积 direction 方向 population人口 locate位于 be located in 位于… history历史 tradition传统 custom习俗 border边境 distance 距离 continent 大洲 scenery风景 official languag官方语言 settle down 定居 heritage遗产 be deeply rooted in 深受……的影响 be surrounded by 被……包围 介绍地点常用句型: ‎1.be situated, be located, lies, stands ‎2.has a history of, date back to/from, with a long history of ‎ ‎3.has an area of, cover an area of, with an area of  ‎4.has a population of, the population is, with a population of ‎5.develop rapidly, change greatly, with the development of 范例: Dear Bob, ‎ It’s very kind of you to write me and let me know about your beautiful city. Now I’d like to tell you something about my hometown Jiang cheng. ‎ My hometown Jiangcheng, standing on the bank of the Changjiang River, is a beautiful place for people to live in.As its economy has been developing rapidly in the past ten years, not only have new factories, houses and roads been built, but more schools and hospitals are also available for its people.However, there are still some problems, such as water and air pollution and heavy traffic in rush hours.In my opinion, Jiangcheng should develop its economy scientifically.For the sake of our having a better hometown in future, I would also think that the growth of its population should be brought under control. ‎ Yours, Xiaohua ‎16.话题:个人情况—妇女的成就 常用词汇:female 女性的 achievement成就 outspoken 直率的 considerate 体贴的 modest谦虚的 attractive 吸引人的 beautiful 漂亮的 charming 迷人的 confident自信的 energetic 精力充沛的 active 主动的 worthwhile 值得的 specialist 专家 scientist 科学家 respect 尊重 look down upon 看不起 be determined to do 决心做…… devote…to… 献身于…… second to none首屈一指 lead a…life 过着……的生活 be considered/regarded as 被认为是…… be aware of 意识到 pursuit追求be concerned about 关心…… 范例: Helen Keller ‎ Every time I read “…if I had the power of sight for three days”, I cannot help being moved by its author Helen Keller, an ordinary but great American woman. ‎ I admire Helen because she is optimistic about life. She became deaf and blind when she was 19 months old. Since then she lived in a world of darkness and silence, and communication seemed only a dream for her. But she never gave up and struggled to lead an active life. Under the guidance of her teacher, Ms Sulliven, Helen learned to read and write and became a famous writer. For a disabled person like her, this was really a wonder.‎ ‎ Helen has set an excellent example to all of us. Her story tells us that we should value what we have, and try our best to overcome any difficulty in life. ‎17.话题:农业—劳动 常用词汇: agriculture 农业 agricultural农业的 harvest 丰收 yield 产量 work工作 be at work在工作 work hard努力工作 produce生产 labor force劳动力 labor劳动 voluntary labor义务劳动 serve the people为人民服务 ‎ heart and soul全心全意 physical labor体力劳动 mental labor脑力劳动 labor viewpoint劳动观念 Labor Day劳动节 workday工作日 means of labor劳动方式 honorable光荣的 be devoted to奉献于…… value价值 ‎ earn money赚钱 personal interests个人利益 范例: The Importance of Agriculture ‎ Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy. It is known that man has to eat before he can do anything.Without grain production, the developing of industry and the advance in science and technology would not be guaranteed.If food shortage occurs, a country will be faced with famine and social panic, to say nothing of its effect on the economy. ‎ Special emphasis, therefore, is laid on agriculture in the developing countries.‎ In these countries, priority is given to production of farm machines and fertilizer. Great efforts are made to teach farmers the methods of scientific farming.These wise policies are beginning to bring about an increase in grain output. ‎ However, many developing countries are still confronted with agricultural problems, such as the overworked soil, low productivity, lack of labor force, and so on.Therefore, positive steps should be taken as soon as possible to solve these problems. ‎18.话题:文学 常用词汇:literature 文学 novel 小说 novelist 小说家 classical 经典的 author 作者 review 回顾 idiom 习语 poem 诗 poet 诗人 skilled 熟练的 skillful熟练的 translate翻译 speech发言 pronounce 发音 bestseller 畅销书 describe 描述 description 描写 letter 文字 symbol 象征 biography 自传 comedy 喜剧 tragedy悲剧 fiction 小说 line 台词 phrase短语 plot 情节 recite 背诵 tale故事,传说 theme 主题 entertaining 娱乐的 amusing 逗人发笑的 ‎ a literary masterpiece文学巨著 a learned novelist一位博学的小说家a best-selling author 畅销书作家 be popular with 受欢迎 star in 主演 范例: ‎ Charlie Chaplin, born in a poor family in 1889, succeeded in making a sad situation humorous. With great determination to overcome all difficulties, he finally became an outstanding performer remembered by people. Chaplin starred in many humorous films, such as The Gold Rush and Modern Times, which are still loved among people today. He astonished people with his particular form of acting. All in all, Chaplin devoted all his life to filmmaking and made a great contribution to it. ‎19.话题:日常活动 常用词汇:gesture手势 express 表达 feelings感情 communicate with 交流 facial expression 面部表情 angry生气的 represent代表 at ease舒适show respect to对……表示尊敬 look down upon 看不起 misunderstanding 误会lose face丢脸 cultural gap 文化差异 body language身体语言impress 留下印象 impression印象 tradition传统 on special occasions 在特殊场合 serve 招待 ceremony 典礼 celebrate 庆祝 congratulate 祝贺 make a face 做鬼脸 keep in mind 记住…… ‎ ignore the tradition 忽视传统 go wrong 错了 范例: I Want to Smile ‎ There are many advantages of smiling .It can not only make us happy, but also please others.If we smile at life, life will smile on us in return.So I want to smile at all whenever and wherever possible. ‎ First , I would like to smile at my parents because they have given me life and take all the trouble to bring me up.They arrange almost everything for me.With their help, I have made great progress.I would like to say “Thank you” to them with a smile. Then my smile should go to myself, for only in this way can I gain more confidence in smiling my troubles away and live a better life. ‎ In a word , let’s greet every day with a smile.Tomorrow is another day.‎ ‎20.话题:文化与娱乐 常用词汇:entertainment 娱乐 entertaining 娱乐的 amuse 使娱乐 amusing 令人高兴的 amusement娱乐 opera 戏剧 delighted高兴的humor 幽默 humorous幽默的 sense 感觉 imaginary 想象的inspiration 灵感 romantic 浪漫的 realistic 现实的 instructive 有教育意义的moving/touching 感人的 theme 主题 unique独一无二的 take delight in 对……兴致勃勃 a sense of humor幽默感look with amusement饶有兴趣地看着 a focus of attention 关注的焦点a theme park 主题公园 范例:‎ ‎ The CCTV Spring Festival Gala has lost its attraction to some extent.However, there are still lots of people who are fond of watching it since it provides a chance for family gathering, making people less homesick. ‎ The CCTV Spring Festival Gala, also known as Chunwan, has been one of the most watched and favorable programs in mainland China.Almost all the people around me have the experience of watching Chunwan with their family members.‎ There is no denying that Chunwan has brought not only plenty of fun to people but also, served as a platform for many artists, who soon rise to fame after their appearance in Chunwan.‎ ‎ From my point of view, Chunwan is an indispensable activity in the New Year’s celebration of my family. For one thing , Chunwan is elaborately designed with a number of wonderful performances like the Thousand Hands Buddist, which leave us audience a deep impression. For another , watching Chunwan with relatives is the most enjoyable thing in the New Year’s Eve and nothing can be compared with such great fun.‎ ‎21.话题:科学家 常用词汇:‎ ‎　　science 科学　scientist 科学家　scientific 科学的　challenge 挑战　expert 专家　specialist专家　determination 决心　perseverance 恒心　self-confidence 自信　hardworking 勤奋的　modest 谦虚的　put forward 提出　draw a conclusion得出结论　contribute to 有助于　be enthusiastic about 对……热情be fond of 喜爱　feel like 想　be crazy about 对……入迷　be strict with 对……严格　be exposed to 接触……　be born in 出生于　graduate from 毕业于　make a contribution to 对……做出贡献　devote oneself to 奉献于　take an active part in 积极参与……　be cautious about 对……小心谨慎 范例:‎ ‎　　Qian Xuesen was born in the eastern Chinese city of Hangzhou on December 11, 1911.He is a scientist who was a major figure in the missile and space programs of both the United States and the People’s Republic of China. He graduated from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1934 and in the August of 1935 Qian Xuesen left China to study at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. ‎　　He went to work as head of the Chinese missile program immediately upon his arrival in China.By 1958 he had finalized (使最终完成) the plans of the Dongfeng missile which was first successfully launched in 1964 just prior to China’s first successful nuclear weapons test.His program was also responsible for the development of the widespread Silkworm missile.He also contributed a lot to China’s Higher Education. ‎　　In his late years, since the 1980s, he devoted himself to scientific investigation of traditional Chinese medicine.He died on 31 October, 2009.‎ ‎22.话题:历史与地理 常用词汇:‎ ‎　　province 省　countryside 乡下　island 岛屿　consist of 由……组成　be made up of 由……组成　be divided into 分成　break away from 脱离　furnish为……提供家具　furniture家具　historic有历史意义的　history 历史　locate使……坐落于　location位置　size 尺寸　square kilometers 平方公里　position位置　direction 方向　population 人口　ancestor 祖先　beach 海滩　coast海岸　port港口　canal 运河　strait海峡　dynasty 王朝　at a distance of 在……的距离　has a history of有……的历史　with a population of 有……的人口 范例: ‎　　Taiwan Island, the largest island in China, lies west of the Pacific Ocean, with the East Sea on the north and the South Sea surrounding its southwest.Taiwan covers a total area of about 46,000 square kilometers with a population of over 20,000,000.It’s a place abundant in natural resources and bananas, rice, tea and other agricultural products are well-known both at home and abroad.The scenery is so beautiful and the climate is so pleasant that tourists come in large numbers for a visit from all over the world.Alishan National Scenic Area, lying in the northeast of Jiayi county on Taiwan Island, is one of the eleven scenic areas, which attracts thousands of tourists from home and abroad for sightseeing every year. ‎23.话题:计划与愿望 常用词汇:‎ ‎　　future未来　plan计划　prepare 准备　wish 希望　coming 到来　next下一个　oncoming 即将来临的　tomorrow明天　in the future 在未来　make preparations for为……做准备　previous先前的　in no time立即　right away马上　in time 及时　with the hope/aim of 带着……的希望/目的　face future面对未来　a promising future 光明的未来　create a bright future with one’s own hands 用自己的双手去创造光明的未来 范例:‎ New Socialist Countryside in the Future ‎　　With the efforts and support from the government in many aspects, a new socialist countryside will appear in China.There will be more new farmers with the basic knowledge of science and technology. With the help ‎ of scientists, farmers will use the latest technologies to increase agricultural production without harming the environment. As a result, the annual income of the farmers will be increased and their housing conditions will be improved as well and people in the new countryside will enjoy a clean, tidy and beautiful environment. Besides, the government will provide free compulsory education for kids and also perfect medical care system for farmers.‎ ‎24.话题:招聘与求职 常用词汇:‎ employ 雇佣　look for 寻找　take in 吸纳　full-time 全职的　part-time 兼职的　well-paid 薪水高的　be paid by the hour 按小时发工资　requirement 要求　resume 个人履历　schooling 受教育情况　subjects 课程　working experience 工作经历　qualification 合格证明　transcript 成绩单　health 健康状况　present address 现在通讯地址　apply for 申请……　graduate from 毕业于　major in 以……为专业　degree学位　scholarship 奖学金　good grades 良好的成绩　hobby 爱好　favorite 最喜欢的　be skilled in 在……方面熟练　 be good at 擅长……　experienced 有经验的　confident 自信的　English and computer ability 英语和计算机能力　healthy 健康的 范例: ‎　　A foreign trade company in Shenzhen is looking for two English interpreters who must not only have undergraduate diploma but also be able to speak English fluently. Besides, preference will be given to those who have foreign trade work experience. If you think you are suitable for the job, please remember to sign up at www.SZft.com and the deadline for your signing up is May,1st. And don’t forget to come for the interview at the recruitment office on the first floor on May 2. Finally, if you are accepted, your job mainly involves acting as an interpreter for foreign trade negotiations.‎ 25.:校园文明与安全问题 常用词汇 school rules and regulations 学校规章制度　obey遵守　observe遵守　keep/observe discipline遵守纪律　behave well表现良好　be neatly dressed穿戴整洁　respect one’s teachers and parents尊敬师长　be on time准时　keep the environment clean保持环境干净　civilized文明的　break the rules违反规章制度　discipline纪律　spit吐痰　throw rubbish everywhere乱扔垃圾　cheat in the exam考试作弊　get in line插队　fight with sb.与……打架　punish sb.for 因……处罚某人　The students are told not to break any of the rules of the school.学校要求学生不要违反任何规章制度。　The students are expected to…学校期望学生……　It must be made clear that the students should …必须明确的一点是,学生应该……　…is of no good to a friendly and harmonious society.……对创建友好和谐的社会是毫无益处的。　It is honorable to obey the principles and rules of our school.遵守学校的规章制度是光荣的。　It is worthy of praise to… ……是值得表扬的　It is shameful ‎ to… ……是可耻的　What we should do is that… 我们应该做的事情是……‎ 范例: ‎　　Hello, everyone! I’m glad to give you some knowledge about first aid when a fire breaks out. ‎　　First it’s important to keep calm and escape safely from the exit as soon as possible. At the same time do call 119 and tell them the exact address on the phone. If you are trapped, be sure to close the door so that you can resist the intrusion of heat and smoke. Never forget to stand in front of an open window and shout for help with a wet towel covering your mouth and nose. Besides, if unfortunately you are burnt, cool the area of skin with running water and put a piece of dry clean cloth over it or go to hospital immediately.‎ ‎26.话题:艺术 常用词汇: art 艺术　artist艺术家　design设计　paint 染料　painting绘画　painter画家　colour涂色　draw绘画　drawing图画　creation作品　creative有创造力的　impressive令人印象深刻的　figure塑像　imagination想象力appreciation欣赏　exhibit展品　exhibition展览会　sculpture雕像　realistic现实的　modern现代的　masterpiece杰作　show one’s talent for…展现对……的天赋arouse/excite one’s curiosity 激发某人的好奇心 范例: A Different Mona Lisa ‎　　Thanks to a technical progress, one of Leonardo Da Vinci’s　classic works is now able to answer questions in Chinese.What’s more, the visitors can reach out to shake her hands.Maybe we should congratulate art lovers because they have the chance to talk with her directly now. ‎　　The exhibition cost the sponsor about 50 million RMB.The sponsor said he wouldn’t regret spending so much money, because his purpose was to let the public have a new access to art and appreciate it in a new way. ‎　　What would Mono Lisa say about her mild and mysterious smile？ Is it beyond your imagination？ So treasure this precious chance and don’t hesitate to talk with her now! ‎27.话题:文学—诗歌 常用词汇:　　poem诗歌　poet 诗人　romantic浪漫的　modern 现代的　ancient古代的　rhyme押韵　nursery rhyme 童谣　rhythm 节奏　express feelings/emotions 表达感情　convey information 转达信息　sorrow 悲伤　anger 生气　ending 结局　joy 快乐　make sense 有意义　give a deep impression on sb.给……留下深刻的印象　common常见的　translate into 翻译成　transform 转换　intonation 语调　repetition 重复　be popular with 受……欢迎　in a free form 以自由体的形式 范例:‎ Ancient poems and modern poems ‎　　Last week our class had a heated discussion about which poems are more popular between ancient poems and modern poems.‎ ‎　　About 42% of the students think ancient poems have beautiful rhythm and rhyme and that ancient poems have further meanings, which teach us a lot more. Besides, ancient poems are precious cultural heritage left by our ancestors so we should pass them on from generation to generation. ‎　　However, the other 58% of the students hold the view that modern poems are easier to understand and can express our different feelings and ideas easily. What’s more, modern poems don’t have to follow special patterns of rhythm and rhyme so we are free to express ourselves. ‎　　In my opinion, both ancient poems and modern poems are our national cultures and we should learn from them.‎ ‎28.话题:健康 常用词汇:　　relax oneself 放松自己　breathe fresh air 呼吸新鲜空气energetic 精力充沛的　build our bodies 增强体质　do good to one’s health.对某人健康有好处　form the habit of getting up early 养成早起的习惯　take exercise 锻炼身体　keep fit 保持健康　oxygen 氧气　sleep disorder 睡眠不好　go on a diet 节食　green food 绿色食品　physical fitness　身体健康　lose weight 减肥　get rid of the bad habit of smoking 改掉抽烟的坏习惯　do harm to one’s health 对某人的健康有害处　give up smoking 戒烟 范例:‎ ‎　　As we all know smoking does great harm to human beings.More and more people have come to realize how serious this problem is.But they are never bored with it. Some people think it is a kind of fashion, some think it is of great fun and others think that smoking can refresh them. However, smoking does cause many illnesses.A lot of people always cough because of smoking.The most serious illness caused by smoking is lung cancer. Meanwhile smoking is a waste of money.Besides, careless smokers may cause dangerous fires. 　　　　‎ ‎　　It’s high time for smokers to give up smoking.‎ ‎29.话题:环境保护 常用词汇:　　pollute污染　environmental conservation 环境保护　save energy/water 节约能源/水　sort rubbish 垃圾分类　recycle textbooks/trash 课本/垃圾回收利用　ban smoking in public 禁止在公共场合吸烟　improve our living condition 改善居住条件　keep the balance of nature 保持自然界的平衡　ban the abuse of plastic bags 禁止滥用塑料袋　Don’t litter/spit everywhere 不随地扔垃圾/吐痰　Waste is scattering here and there.到处撒满了废弃物。　protect the environment 保护环境　send out smoke and poisonous gases into the air 散发出烟和有毒气体　cut down trees砍伐树木　pour waste water into the rivers把废水注入河流　It is a shame to throw rubbish around.乱扔垃圾是可耻的。　form good habits to protect the surroundings养成良好的习惯来保护环境　take active measures to protect rare ‎ animals采取积极措施保护稀有动物　take good care of our forests关心我们的森林　plant more trees to improve the environment 多植树来改善环境　The terrible pollution has done great harm to us as well as to the surroundings.可怕的污染已经给我们自己还有我们的环境带来了很大的危害。‎ 范例:‎ Say “ No” to Plastic Bags ‎　　Since June 1st, 2008, plastic bags are no longer provided for free in the supermarkets. Different people have different opinions on this matter.‎ ‎　　As far as I am concerned, the government is taking steps to protect our living environment. It’s true that plastic bags make people’s shopping more convenient. However, most people just throw them away after using them, and don’t know how to deal with them. What’s more, it will take a long time for plastic bags to break down. As a result, they can cause serious pollution and do great harm to our surroundings, then to people’s health. ‎　　Personally speaking, I fully agree with this policy.After all, it is good for our environment.And we could use bags made of paper or cloth instead of plastic bags when shopping. ‎30.话题:自然 常用词汇:‎ hurricane 飓风　storm 风暴　thunderstorm 雷雨　earthquake 地震　flood 水灾　typhoon 台风　panic 惊慌　volcano 火山　erupt 爆发　eruption 爆发　atmosphere 大气层　temperature 温度　disaster 灾难　lightning 闪电　safe 安全的　matter事情　message 消息　damage损害　warming 警告　predict 预测　affect 影响　environment 环境the power of nature 自然的力量　scientific equipment 科学仪器　the local people 当地人　burn to the ground 烧毁　thick forest 茂密的森林　nature reserve 自然保护区　all over the world 全世界 范例:‎ Extreme weather ‎　　According to the passage, extreme temperatures happen much more frequently than ever before in European countries.These are largely due to the heat produced in cities and the circulation of the atmosphere. ‎　　Reasons for extreme temperatures are varied.For one thing, human’s activities like burning fossil fuels produce carbon dioxide, which makes the globe warmer, causing the global temperature to go up.For another, people’s cutting down trees that can absorb large quantities of carbon dioxide for furniture also contributes to the warmth of the earth, which gives rise to extreme temperatures. ‎　　Extreme temperatures can do a lot of harm to people’s health.The heatwave or the high temperatures can cause stress, worsening of diseases and even death, especially among children and old people. Therefore, to ‎ cope with the extreme temperatures, the most effective way is a global effort to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases.‎ Individuals should use less energy, plant more trees and recycle materials because everyone’s contribution counts. ‎31.话题:人际关系 常用词汇: harmonious 和谐的 friendly 友好的 civilized 文明的 honest 真诚的credible诚信的 be public-spirited 有公德心的 be in order 有序的 peaceful 和平的 help each other 互助 care for each other 互相关心learn from each other 互相学习 build 创建 cherish珍惜take an active part in 积极参与 promote the friendship 增进友谊improve the relationship 改善关系 show love and concern for sb 爱护和关心某人 build a good relationship 建立良好的关系 trust each other 彼此信任communicate with 交流、沟通 the harmonious relationship between teachers and students 师生之间的和谐关系 范例:‎ Don’t hesitate to say “No” ‎ It is very difficult to say “No” to a request, especially to a request from a close friend. However , on some occasions, you have to say “No”. For example , suppose one friend of yours asks you to take exams for him, and he promises to offer you some material benefits.To such request, definitely, you should say “No”. ‎ In real life, there are many people who do not say “No” when they should do so. There are several reasons for this practice .One important one is that they fear they would lose the friend. ‎ When we should say “No”, don’t hesitate to say so. Otherwise you do harm to both you and the one who made the request.For example, if someone bribes you and you don’t say “No” to it, both of you may end up in prison. ‎ So do not hesitate to say “No”, when you need to do so.‎ ‎32.话题:现代技术 常用词汇: science 科学 science and technology 科学技术 information 信息 ‎ email 电子邮件 robot 机器人 screen 荧光屏 mouse 鼠标 operate 操作 application 应用 invent 发明 invention 发明 smart 聪明的 electronic 电子的 laptop 手提电脑 equipment设备 software 软件 data 数据 database 数据库 battery电池 chip芯片 digital数字的 fax 传真 remote 遥远的 engineer 工程师 update 更新 virus 病毒 test out the theory by experiment 用实验检验理论 turn out 结果是……‎ 范例: (2011年广州市高三年级调研测试——读写任务)‎ ‎ Blogging has become increasingly popular among middle school students. Some view it as a great way to share ideas and motivate students, while others fear it will interfere with students’study.‎ ‎ There are arguments both for and against student-blogging.On the negative side, if students blog too frequently it may interfere with their study.And if they are completely unsupervised, some inappropriate topics may be discussed. On the other hand, blogging allows students the chance to write about the things that are most important to them.Because they are interested in those topics, they will be more motivated to write, thus practicing their skills.It will also give the blog-readers the chance to practice their reading skills, too.Furthermore, blog-based discussions will help to develop students’ability to think independently and communicate with others. For these reasons, I am generally a big supporter of student-blogging. ‎ Of course, there have to be some limits such as parents monitoring their children to make sure they don’t spend too much time on it and the subjects discussed are suitable.‎ ‎33.话题:地理—海洋 常用词汇:sea 海　　ocean 海洋　　water 水　　waterway 水道　　river 河流　underground water 地下水　waves 波浪　deep 深的　shallow 浅的　dirty 脏的fresh water 淡水　serious严重的still 平静的　terrible 可怕的　sea port 海港　bank 岸　　beach 沙滩　　surface 水面　　waves 波浪sea animals and plants 海洋动植物 范例: ‎ Beihai Aquatic Products Museum(北海水产品展示馆) is located in the Seashore Park of Beihai City.Opened to the public in 1978, it is regarded as the largest aquatic products museum in China.Besides the sea animals and plants in South China Sea which are common in any kind of aquatic products museum, this museum also gives visitors an opportunity to see some special ones.A Dugong(美人鱼), which is quite rare on earth now, about 2 meters long, is now on display in the Sea Animal Hall.Some sea animals, such as the Chinese White Dolphin, which are protected by the Chinese government, are also on exhibition.‎ ‎34.话题:社会 常用词汇: harmonious 和谐的 friendly友好的 civilized文明的 honest真诚的 credible 可信的 be public-spirited有公德心的 balanced 平衡的be in order有序的 peaceful和平的 live in harmony生活和谐sustainable ‎ development可持续发展等 help each ether互助care for each other互相关心 have deep love for 热爱 be concerned with 关心 build创建 cherish 珍惜 take an active part in积极参与pay attention to social moral讲究社会公德 protect the environment保护环境save energy节省能源 No pains, no gains.不劳无获。 can be achieved by hard work……可以通过劳动获得 It is difficult to find work in the present situation.在当前形势下,很难找到工作。‎ It is honorable to … ……是光荣的。‎ If everyone…for others and the society, our world will be …如果每个人为他人和社会做……, 我们这个世界将会……‎ Every one should…and devotes himself to building our motherland into a strong country.每个人应该……,为把我们祖国建设成为一个强大的国家而奉献自己的力量。‎ 范例:‎ Is the Spirit of Lei Feng out of style？ ‎ There are some voices claiming lei Feng’s spirit has gone out of style in today’s society.They reason that in commodity economy people should seek more practical things, such as fame, money and the comfortable life.To them nothing is more important than those things, which are often regarded as views of present generation. ‎ There are some other voices claiming that the spirit of lei Feng still has an enormous echo in millions of Chinese people.The great soldier’s story has such a strong influence on people’s ideas, values and ways of life that in every field of society there arise countless “Living Lei Fengs”, who follow the example of Lei Feng and serve the people heart and soul. ‎ In my opinion, the spirit of Lei Feng will never be out of date.Instead, it has been brought forward.Today more and more “Lei Fengs” are coming forth from various circles, among whom “Xu Hu” has already set a good example to the whole nation.The spirit of Lei Feng—an unselfish spirit will always encourage us to go forward.‎ ‎35.话题:国外留学 常用词汇: Study学习,研究 college大学 institute学院 department 部门，系 president 校长 recommend推荐 recommendation letter推荐信period时期,学时 major in主修　 examination考试　 dismiss 解散,开除term 学期　 apply申请 timetable时间表 quiz小测验 optional lessons 选修课library图书馆 librarian图书管理员 curriculum 课程 course课程 test 测验effort 努力 research 研究 guarantee保证 point 点,分数 extra额外的qualify证明有资格 qualification 资格,条件 in terms of tuition 有关学费方面get/be admitted 被录取 apply for the university申请那所大学spare no efforts to do不遗余力地去做 quality education policy素质教育的政策 范例: Study Overseas ‎ With the improved living standard and China’s being more open to the world, more and more young people choose to pursue their higher education in Englishspeaking countries such as America, Britain or Australia.Frankly speaking, studying overseas has both advantages and disadvantages.‎ ‎ The main benefit of studying abroad is the academic one. Obviously in western colleges and universities, the laboratories are more sophisticated, and book resources more up-to-date. More importantly, they have first rate professors who are aware of the latest developments in their respective field.Hence, the standard of teaching is much higher. Besides , traveling abroad can broaden their mind and offer them greater opportunities to develop their independence. Despite these obvious advantages, we should not overlook negative effects.One problem is the difficulty they have to adjust to a new culture.They may experience loneliness and homesickness, which will of course do harm to their study. Another is . the financial problem.It is not easy for ordinary students to cover high college cost. ‎ While overseas study has its drawbacks, the advantages are obvious. Personally, I think it a good idea to study overseas , learning something different from our own country.‎ ‎36.话题:文化 常用词汇: ‎ culture文化 civilization文明 education 教育 schooling 教育 literature 文学 cultural symbols文化标志 cultural background 文化背景 cultural differences 文化差异 elect 选举 election 选举 immigrate 移入immigration 移民入境 immigrant 移民 race 人种 racial 种族的 racism 种族歧视 majority 大部分 customs习俗 hardship 苦难 reform 改革 civil 国内的,公民的 state 州 live on 以……为主食 lead/live a…life 过……的生活 make a living 谋生 settle down 定居settlement 定居点 way of life 生活方式 diversity 多样性 范例: ‎ Although the United States and Canada have diversity, American culture and Canadian culture arent too different and arent too similar.The United States is referred to as “the great melting pot of society” where people of all nations join together to form “a more perfect nation”. While Canada on the other hand has been compared to ‎ a mosaic(马赛克), where people are invited to join the nation and still retain their cultural identities, complete with traditions, languages and customs.‎ ‎ When it comes to language in the United States and Canada they both have English as one of the main languages.Since a lot of people speak French and 20% of the population of Canada are FrenchCanadian, on most things not only English is written but also is French, while in United States since they encourage people to be more into the “American culture” there will be less of different types of cultures but more of one.‎ ‎37.话题:热点话题 常用词汇:‎ topic 话题,主题 heated discussion 热烈的讨论 hot 热点 differ 不同,差异different不同的 ban 禁止 object to 反对 agree同意 disagree 不同意 be against 反对 be for赞成 in favor of 赞成 reasonable 合乎情理的argument 争论 advantage缺点 disadvantage优点 have an effect/impact/influence on 对……有影响 affect影响be worth considering值得考虑 be concerned about关心 in terms of从……角度contribute to solving the problem of 有助于……问题的解决a sound attitude 正确的态度 medical breakthrough 医学上的突破unethical 不道德的 范例:‎ ‎ With the College Entrance Exam coming, from time to time we hear students discuss whether Senior 3 students should take a lot of tonics (补品) to keep fit.There are different opinions about it.Some students object to taking tonics, because tonics will make them put on more weight, which is not appropriate for their health.‎ Moreover, the parents will have a great impact on the Senior 3 students if they show too much concern by offering them tonics, which is bound to bring more stress to the Senior 3 students.They will feel cast down and ashamed when they can’t get a high mark as their parents have expected.Besides, they don’t think their effort will pay off only if they take tonics.However, some students-opinion completely differs from it.They are in favor of the opinion that it is easy for the Senior 3 students to feel tired by working hard, and tonics can help to bring themselves back to energy as soon as possible, so it is good to take some tonics.‎ ‎38.话题:发明创造—兴趣与爱好 常用词汇:invent 发明 invention 发明 inventor 发明家 create 创造 creative 有创造力的 patent 专利 spare time业余时间 favorite最喜欢的interest兴趣 hobby爱好 appetite嗜好 taste口味 read novels读小说play football/basketball打足球/篮球 surf the internet上网 chat online在线聊天play games玩游戏 collect stamps集邮 ‎ ‎ make e-friends交网友climb mountains爬山 watch TV看电视 enjoy popular music喜欢流行音乐be interested in对……感兴趣 develop an interest in 在……方面发展兴趣be fond of 喜欢… be keen on 喜欢…… have love for 喜爱……have a taste in对……有兴趣 范例: ‎ Leonardo da vinci, whose family was poor, was born in 1452.Besides painting, he also became interested in machines when he was a boy.By studying and drawing them, Leonardo gained knowledge about their design and structure.Different from others, his drawing skills enables him to produce clear drawings of his mechanical ideas easily.Even more than 150 years later, many of his designs can still be used to create perfect working machines.While making inventions Leonardo was also painting.Today we think of him as one of the greatest painters, but if he had never been a painter, we would still appreciate him as one of the greatest inventors of his time.‎ ‎39.话题:文学 常用词汇:‎ adapt 改编 adaptation 改编本 classic literature 古典文学 contemporary literature现代文学 popular literature 大众文学 novel 小说 bestseller 畅销书 masterpiece杰作 play 戏剧 story 故事 ending 结局 pun 双关语 act 幕 scene场 plot 情节 episode 逸事 poetry 诗歌 pronounce 发音 pronunciation 发音 classic 经典著作 classical 古典的 be regarded as被认为…… make one’s acquaintance与……结识 make a fortune 发财 pass off …as 冒充…… ‎ in artistic terms 从艺术的角度来说 ‎ 范例: Review of Emma by Jane Austin ‎ This book tells the story of a rich, young lady two hundred years ago who enjoys planning the marriages of all her friends.However, it turns out that her plans are not successful.It is a very amusing book which anyone will enjoy. ‎ The part I enjoyed best was when Emma goes home with a young man who she thinks is in love with her friend.Only then does she discover that the man wants to marry her because she is rich.He proposes marriage and she is very shocked and rude to him. ‎ The humor lies in the fact that Emma thinks she understands everybody around her.In fact everyone else is more aware of the true state of affairs than her. ‎ I enjoyed this book because it showed me that people can make themselves believe that what they want to happen will happen.‎ ‎40.话题:历史 常用词汇:history历史 in history历史上 ancient古代的 ancestor祖先 dynasty朝代 ‎ ‎ date back to/date from 追溯到has/possess a history of 有……的历史 historian 历史学家 emperor 皇帝memory 回忆 primitive 原始的 unforgettable 难忘的 remind …of 记起……memory 记忆 in memory of 为纪念……look at the problem from a historical point of view 用历史观点看问题 范例: ‎ Davidson Black was a Canadian doctor who helped develop the techniques that led to the discovery of the bones in the Zhoukoudian Caves, near Beijing.He was a specialist in the study of bones and found it challenging to search for and identify bones of early people.As the university in which he worked was aware of the significance of his work, they gave him ample free time to do the research.And at last, it was his assistant, Pei Wenzhong, who made the discovery of these primitive bones and sharpened stone tools.Dr.Davidson thought highly of Pei Wenzhong because of his talent and hard work.‎ ‎41.话题:体育 常用词汇:sports 运动　football足球　basketball篮球　running跑步　swimming 游泳　marathon 马拉松　the Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会　sportsman 运动员　athlete运动员　break Guinness record破吉尼斯世界纪录　conventional sport 传统体育　gym体育馆　sports can keep us healthy运动可以使我们健康　take exercise做运动　take part in different kinds of sports参加不同的运动　spirit 精神　motto 格言,口号　inspiring鼓舞的　impressive印象深刻的　exciting 兴奋的　fascinating 迷人的　unbelievable 难以置信的　be of significance 具有重要意义 ‎42.话题:自然资源——水 常用词汇:sea 海　ocean 海洋　seaman 海员　explorer 探险家　coastline 海岸线　seaweed 海草　longitude 经度　latitude 纬度　water resource 水资源　water pollution 水污染　water shortage 水匮乏　protect the water resources from being polluted 保护水资源不受污染　take up 占据　cope with the problem of water pollution 处理水污染问题 范例:(10年福建高考题)  ‎　　Ladies and gentlemen, Good morning.I’m Li Hua from Fujian, China.It’s my great honor to be here to say something about the global water shortage and ways of dealing with it. As we know, the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe mainly due to global warming, environmental pollution and the ever-increasing population. Therefore, it’s high time we did something about it. ‎　　Firstly, an effective way, I think, is to reserve water in a scientific way for future use.Secondly, new methods need to be developed to use the existing water resources, for example, turning sea water into fresh water.Thirdly, we must stop water pollution by law.Last but not least,‎ ‎ it’s everyone’s responsibility to make good use of water, such as recycling and saving water in our daily life. ‎　　In conclusion, people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage, protect the present water resources and explore potential ones scientifically. ‎　　That’s all. Thank you.‎ ‎43.话题:历史与地理 常用词汇:geography 地理　continent 大陆　ancestor祖先　beach 沙滩　port港口　dynasty朝代　Oceania大洋洲　Pacific太平洋　primitive原始的　desert沙漠　industry 工业　agriculture农业　urban城市的　rural农村的　developed 发达的　developing 发展中的　promising有前途的　prosperous繁荣的　area地区　population人口　be situated in 位于……　consist of由……组成　own a diverse culture 拥有多元文化　be rich in natural resources 自然资源丰富 范例: Australia and New Zealand ‎ Australia and New Zealand, well-known as the two main countries in Oceania, ‎ somewhat resemble each other but differ in some aspects meanwhile. ‎　　As for similarities, firstly, they are both located in the South Pacific Ocean, with very short distance between them. Besides, they both regard English as the official language, though they both own a diverse culture and various languages. In addition, both of them gain international fame for their large sheep population and prosperous wool industry.‎ Distinctions are clear to see. Australia is composed of the Mainland and Tasmania, while New Zealand consists of the South Island and the North Island. Moreover, New Zealand has a smaller population of about 4,500,000, only one-fifth of that of Australia, a total of about 20,000,000. Furthermore, Australia resembles the USA in size.On the contrary, New Zealand covers an area smaller than Japan.‎ ‎44.话题:自然—植物 常用词汇:plant 植物　flower 花 branch 树枝　bloom 开花　seeds 种子　root 根　fade 凋谢　in full bloom 正在盛开　soil 土壤　crops 庄稼　grass 草　with leaves 有叶子　be aware of the importance of plants 意识到植物的重要性　fragrant 芳香的　live in special environment 生长在特殊的环境 范例: ‎　　Lotus(荷花) lives in water.It can be divided into two parts.One part is made up of flowers and leaves, and the other refers to its roots.You can only see the flowers and leaves above the surface of water.The flowers are big and beautiful with light sweet smell giving out.The leaves look like big green plates covering the surface of the water and supporting the flowers.The roots, growing deep into the mud of the pond, can be made into several kinds of foods. ‎　　Lotus is very popular with people because of its beauty and special spirit.A lot of famous poets, both ancient and modern, have written plenty of poems to praise lotus spirit of growing in the dirty mud but giving beauty to the world.And artists also draw pictures for it.‎ ‎45.话题:文化——广告 常用词汇: advertise 登广告　advertising 广告业　advert/advertisement 广告　advertiser 广告商　honest 诚实的　honesty 诚实　inform 通知　information 信息　technique技巧　educate 教育　be exposed to 接触　be flooded with 泛滥成灾　when it comes to advertising 涉及广告时 　it is one’s duty to do 做……是某人的责任　have an influence on 对……有影响　on TV 在电视上　on the radio 在广播中　in newspapers 在报纸上　in magazines 在杂志上 范例: Advertisements ‎　　Nowadays, more and more advertisements appear on newspapers, broadcasts, ‎ magazines as well as streets. People have different views on advertisements. ‎　　Some people think advertisements can help people to have a wide choice of goods and they help consumers know the goods and businessmen better.The consumers can gain not only knowledge of goods but also artistic enjoyment. ‎　　Contrary to those people, many others think advertisements are very unpleasant.Consumers are often cheated by the false advertisement on which consumers always waste a great deal of time.What is more, consumers felt annoyed to be interrupted when they are watching TV plays.So advertisements should be limited. ‎　　But whether you like it or not, advertisements have become a part of our life.‎