【英语】2020届二轮复习语法专项名词性从句学案

【英语】2020届二轮复习语法专项名词性从句学案

专题9名词性从句 题型 高考真题 命题解读 语法填空 1. ‎(2019全国一卷61) While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence that they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.‎ 2. ‎(2018北京卷11) Without his support, we wouldn’t be where we are now. ‎ 3. ‎(2015全国二卷70) As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be make the cycle work on most days. ‎ 语法填空对名词性从句的考查集中在对引导词的选择上，其中what、that、how、if与whether是考查的重点。‎ 短文改错 1. ‎(2016全国一卷) My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that→ where I live. ‎ 2. ‎(2016全国二卷) My classmates and I are talking about how→ what to do during the holiday. ‎ 3. ‎(2015全国二卷) After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where→ that/去掉where his parents were missing. ‎ 1. 从属连词与副词之间的错用；‎ 2. 连接代词（what、which、who等）之间的错用；‎ 3. 从属连词that与连词代词（尤其是what）之间的错用以及that与whether/if之间的错用；‎ 4. 从属连词that的缺失或多余。‎ 名词性从句与语法填空 名词性从句与短文改错 1. 1. 首先确定空格处所在从句是否为名词性从句。然后分析从句在整个句中所充当的成分，确定从句所属类型：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句。‎ 1. 判断从句中的连接词。‎ ‎(1)若从句不缺少成分则要考虑句意是否完整，若句意不完整，则需用 whether/if;若句意完整，则用that；‎ ‎(2)若从句缺少主语、宾语或表语，则用连接代词；‎ ‎(3)若从句缺少状语，则用连接副词。‎ 2. 另外，还需注意一些特殊的引导词(如 whether、 because、asif等)的用法。‎ 首先分析句子结构，分析从句在全句中所充当的成分，确定从句所属类型。‎ 1. 检查连接词之间是否误用。尤其注意容易混淆的that与what、that与 which、 which与what、if与 whether。‎ 2. 检查连接词是否缺失。‎ 3. 检查宾语从句与主句的时态呼应是否正确。‎ 4. 检查主语从句与谓语动词的数是否一致。‎ 5. 检查作形式主语或形式宾语的it是否缺失。‎ 必备知识梳理 考点一主语从句：‎ 一． 引导主语从句的连接词：‎ 从属连词that、whether、迁;连接代词what、who、whom、whose、whatever、 whichever、whoever等；连接副词when、where、why、how、 whenever等。‎ Thatthey were in truth sisters was clear from the facial similarity between them. ‎ Whatstruck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son.‎ 二． ‎ it作形式主语的主语从句：‎ 主语从句一般放在句首，但有时也可用it作形式主语，而将主语从句移到句子的末尾。常见的句型：‎ ‎(1)It+be+形容词( necessary/likely// important/ uncertain等)+主语从句 ‎(2)It+be+名词(短语)( a pity/ no wonder/ no surprise等)+主语从句 ‎(3)It+be+过去分词(said/ reported/ decided/ believed等)+主语从句 ‎(4)1t+不及物动词( seems/ appears/ happens等)+主语从句 It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring aboutalthough about two thousand patients have taken it.‎ It’s no surprise thatour team has won the game. ‎ It is decided that the meeting will be put off till next Monday.‎ 考点二宾语从句：‎ 一． 引导宾语从句的连接词 从属连词that、whether、if；连接代词what、who、whose、whatever、whichever、whoever等；连接副词when、where、why、how等。从句用陈述句语序。‎ ‎(2016浙江卷阅读七选五) Nobody entering a university knows exactly what they want to study.‎ We promise whoeverattends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.‎ ‎(2017天津卷完形填空) I came to believethat I could do nothing about my weight.‎ In order to make a change, you need to decide why it’s important.‎ 二． it作形式宾语的宾语从句 (1) 一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时，则需要用让作形式宾语，而将that引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有find、 feel， think、 consider、 believe、 guess， suppose、make等。‎ He has made it clear thatthe meeting will not be postponed.‎ (2) 动词hate、like、dislike、 appreciate、 enjoy等表示“喜欢”“厌恶”时以及动词短语 see to、 depend on、 rely on等常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。‎ I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.‎ 考点三表语从句：‎ 一． 引导表语从句的连接词 从属连词that、 whether；连接代词what、who、 whose、 whatever、 whichever、 whoever等；连接副词when、where、why、how等。从句用陈述句语序。‎ I’d like to start my own business---that’s what I’d do if I had the money.‎ 二． as if/as though引导的表语从句 as if/ as though引导的表语从句常跟在be动词，seem、look、taste、 sound、feel、 appear等系动词之后。‎ The thick smog covered the whole city. It was as ifa great black blanket had been thrown over it.‎ 一． because、why引导的表语从句 because，why也可引导表语从句，但 because引导的表语从句主语不能是 reason或 cause(该结构常用that引导)。常用于以下句型 This/ That is/ was why…这/那是……的原因 This/ That is/ was because…这/那是因为……‎ The reason why.is/ was that…的原因是……‎ From space, the earth looks blue. This is becauseabout seventy one percent of its surface is covered by water.‎ The reason why he didn’t pass the exam was that he was toocareless.‎ 考点四同位语从句：‎ 一. 引导同位语从句的连接词 同位语从句通常用that引导，that无词义也不作成分，但是不能省略，从句用陈述语序。同位语从句还可用 whether、when、 where、why、how等引导。‎ ‎ He stood by his belief that the problem wasn’t serious. ‎ ‎ I’ve no idea where his birthday party will be held. ‎ 二．接同位语从句常见的名词 接同位语从句的常见名词:fact、news、 idea、 truth、hope、 problem、 information、 belief、 thought、 doubt、promise、question等。‎ He broke his promise that he shall buy me a gift. ‎ ‎ He started the project with the thought that they would help him. ‎ 三．分隔式同位语从句 分隔式同位语从句。有时同位语从句的谓语较短，而从句内容较长，这时为避免“头重脚轻”，常常将谓语提到从句前面，形成分隔式同位语从句。‎ ‎ The news came that the mayor would come to visit our school. ‎ 易错提示1‎ that与what引导名词性从句的区别 that在名词性从句中不能够充当句子成分，也没有含义what可以在名词性从句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语，意思是“什么，…的事情，什么样的”。that引导宾语从句有时可以省略，引导其他名词性从句一般不省略，what引导名词性从句都不能省略。‎ What makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.‎ It’s good to know that the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away.‎ 易错提示2‎ whether和if的区分，下列情况一般使用 whether ‎(1)当主语从句位于句首时，常用 whether引导，而不用if；‎ ‎(2)当if作形式主语，主语从句放在句末时，用if或 whether引导均可，但如果被后置的主语从句中引导词后直接接ornot时，常用 whether；‎ ‎(3)引导表语从句和同位语从句；‎ ‎(4)引导介词的宾语从句。‎ 易错提示3‎ that引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别 that引导定语从句时，that既起引导词的作用，又在从句中充当句子成分;如果在从句中作宾语that还可以省略，所修饰的名词指物时可用 which替换。引导同位语从句时，that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，不能省略。‎ The fact that he was hurt surprised me. (同位语从句，that后为fact的内容，不能省)‎ The fact that he told me surprised me. (定语从句，that在从句中作宾语，可省略)‎ A卷真题卷 单句填空题 1. ‎______________ you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant.‎ 2. Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I’m still putting to use______________ he taught me.‎ 3. Adults understand ______________ it feels like to be flooded with objects.‎ 4. I’m not sure______________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.‎ 1. We now realize______________ important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when you’re raising children.‎ 2. The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about ______________ to do during the holiday. ‎ 3. Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. ______________ finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.‎ 4. The journey was intended to achieve more than ______________ Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. ‎ 5. The gold medal will be awarded to______________ wins the first place in the bicycle race. ‎ 6. This is______________ my father has taught me---to always face difficulties and hope for the best.‎ 7. By boat is the only way to get here, which is ______________ we arrived. ‎ 8. Every year, ______________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.‎ 9. She asked me______________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t. ‎ 10. We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of______________ it used to charge.‎ 11. Your support is important to our work. ______________ you can do helps. ‎ 12. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is______________ one can be entirely free from dust.‎ 13. It is often the case______________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. ‎ 14. ‎______________ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it.‎ 15. You have to know______________ you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there. ‎ 16. ‎______________ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. ‎ 17. If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate______________ is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water 1. We must find out______________ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.‎ 2. A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not______________ ships are built for. ‎ 3. 一I wonder______________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years. ‎ 一By working out every day.‎ 4. ‎______________the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.‎ 5. I think______________impresses me about his painting is the colors he uses.‎ 6. ‎“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is______________ my mother used to tell me. ‎ 7. Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That’s______________I was born.”‎ 8. As John Lennon once said, life is ______________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.‎ 9. 一Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?‎ 一Yeah, but I have no idea ______________he did it; that’s one of his favorite universities. ‎ 答案解析：‎ 1. Whether 根据语境及后面的or可知，whether…or…引导的是状语从句；‎ 2. what分析句子结构可知，动词use后为宾语从句，从句的谓语动词taught也缺直接宾语，故用what引导宾语从句；‎ 3. what 分析句子结构可知，动词understand后为宾语从句，从句中的feel like也缺宾语，故用what引导宾语从句；‎ 4. who/which 分析句子结构可知，空格处在从句中做主语；‎ 5. how分析句子结构可知，此句是宾语从句。从句中的important为形容词需要用how来修饰；‎ 6. what about缺宾语，后面的to do也缺宾语，所以用what；‎ 7. Whoever此处whoever引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，表示无论谁；‎ 8. what 分析句子结构可知，空格处在从句中作had done的宾语，故用what；‎ 9. whoever分析句子结构可知，空格处作be awarded to的宾语，同时在后面的从句作主语，指人；‎ 10. what分析句子结构可知，此句是表语从句，空格处在从句中作teach的宾语，应用what 引导；‎ 1. how 分析句子结构可知，how在表语从句中作方式状语；‎ 2. whoever 分析句子结构可知，主语从句中缺少主语，且指人，结合语境，表示任何一个人；‎ 3. whether/if asked有疑问的意思，连词此处引导宾语从句；‎ 4. what分析句子结构可知，介词of后跟名词或从句构成介词宾语，动词charge无宾语，故用what；‎ 5. Whatever 分析句子结构可知，空格处引导主语从句，从句中的动词do缺少宾语；‎ 6. that 分析句子结构可知，is后的表语从句不缺少成分，且句意完整；‎ 7. that本句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的名词性从句，从句结构完整，不缺成分，故用that引导；‎ 8. Where 主语从句中的空格处缺少地点状语，故用where；‎ 9. where 分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，缺少地点状语，故用where；、‎ 10. How 分析句子结构可知，主语从句中缺少方式状语，故用how；‎ 11. what 分析句子结构可知，此处要用what引导宾语从句，what在从句中作主语；‎ 12. when 根据语境可知，when引导宾语从句，在从句中作时间状语；‎ 13. what 空格处引导表语从句，从句中的for缺少宾语，what与for连用，表目的；‎ 14. how 根据答语可知，此处的how引导宾语从句；‎ 15. When 根据语境可知，此处用when引导主语从句；‎ 16. what 分析句子结构可知，空格处在宾语从句中引导主语从句，且指物；‎ 17. what 分析句子结构可知，此处应用what引导表语从句；‎ 18. where 分析句子结构可知，where在表语从句中作地点状语；‎ 19. what分析句子结构可知，空格处引导表语从句，在从句中作主语，且指物；‎ 20. why 分析句子结构和根据语境可知，空格处引导同位语从句，在从句中作原因状语，故用why。‎ 单句改错题 1. Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing what she was heading. ‎ 2. The manager put forward a suggestion we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do. ‎ 答案解析：‎ 1. what→ where 此处应用where引导宾语从句，在从句中地点状语，表示不知道往哪里走；‎ 2. suggestion 后加that suggestion后为其内容，应添加that引导同位语从句且不可省略。‎ B卷模拟卷 单句填空题 1. When I walked on the street, I wanted to say______________ clean the streets were. ‎ 2. It is said______________ he is focusing on a book on space exploration.‎ 3. The happiest people enjoy______________ each age gives them.‎ 4. Only you know______________ isthe best for you. ‎ 5. I had no idea of______________ a stagemanager actually did. ‎ 6. Experts aren’t still sure exactly how dreams work, but what is certain is______________ theyare necessary for our mental health and that everyone has dreams. ‎ 7. ‎______________ astonishes us is thatAlphaGo defeated the human champion.‎ 8. They often think that their parents are out of touch with modern ways, they are too serious and too strict with their children, and______________ they seldom give their children freedom. ‎ 9. When you are reading, make a note of______________you think is of great importance.‎ 10. His writing is so confusingthat it’s difficult to make out______________ it is that he is trying to express.‎ 11. If you are going to kill the snake, you have to get close to______________ the head is and cut it off. ‎ 12. People who visited me used toask me______________ I could sleep, “Doesn’t the sound of thetraffic bother you? How can you get used to so much noise?”‎ 13. That is______________ the eaglelearned to believe.‎ 14. That just goes to show that as a matter of fact when you really love a person youdon’t care______________ nationality he or she is.‎ 15. You know______________teenagegirls are like.‎ 1. I didn’t know ______________ he was at home instead of my mother. ‎ 2. One concern relates to a lack of control over______________ appears both on the Internet andtelevision.‎ 3. Growing evidence shows______________ exercising won’t protect us if we sit too much. ‎ 4. ‎______________ parents say and do usually has a life-long effect on their children. ‎ 5. Home is ______________ we complain the most, but are often treated the best. ‎ 参考答案:‎ 1. how;‎ 2. that; ‎ 3. what/whatever; ‎ 4. what; ‎ 5. what; ‎ 6. that;‎ 7. What; ‎ 8. that;‎ 9. what; ‎ 10. what; ‎ 11. where; ‎ 12. how; ‎ 13. what; ‎ 14. what; ‎ 15. what; ‎ 16. why; ‎ 17. what; ‎ 18. that;‎ 19. What; ‎ 20. where ‎ 单句改错题 1. What he really means is what he disagrees with us. ‎ 2. But the sales girl didn’t understand that the foreigner was saying.‎ 3. There is no doubt whether the future belongs to the young.‎ 4. I don’t know if or not he likes it. ‎ 5. Father made a promise what if I passed the examination he would buy me a new dictionary.‎ 6. The most breathtaking moment is that the athletes are getting to the finishing line. ‎ 7. Mr Black is willing to do that Mrs Black tells him to do.‎ 8. The problem is more and more young people are getting into the habit of smoking.‎ 9. The reason why he failed in the exam was because he wastoo careless.‎ 10. I have no idea that he will be back. ‎ 参考答案:‎ 1. 第二个what→that;‎ 2. that→what; ‎ 3. whether→that;‎ 4. if→whether; ‎ 5. what→that; ‎ 6. that→when; ‎ 7. that→what; ‎ 8. is后加that; ‎ 9. because→that; ‎ 10. that→when.‎