【英语】2018届语法二轮复习定语从句（含解析）教案（8页）

【英语】2018届语法二轮复习定语从句（含解析）教案（8页）

‎2018届 语法二轮复习 定语从句 ‎ 要点回顾 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 ‎1．who, whom, whose引导的定语从句 ‎①The person whom I can turn to for help when in trouble is Mr. Wang.‎ 我困难时可以求助的人是王先生。‎ ‎②Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.(2010·北京高考)‎ 很少进行体育锻炼或饮食富含脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。‎ ‎③I’d like a room whose window (＝the window of which) looks out over the sea.‎ 我想要一间窗子朝海的房间。‎ ‎(1)who和whom指人，who在定语从句中作主语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。‎ ‎(2)whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时常可用of which取代。‎ ‎2．that, which引导定语从句 ‎①He talked about the people and the place that he had visited in that country.‎ 他谈到了他在那个国家所见到的人和所参观的地方。‎ ‎②All the people that come from the country work much harder.‎ 所有来自农村的人工作都更努力得多。‎ ‎③This is the best play that was written by Jack.‎ 这是杰克写得最好的一个剧本。‎ ‎④That evening, which I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ 那天晚上我工作到很晚，随后我会告诉你更多相关的情况。‎ ‎(1)that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，作宾语或表语时可省略。指物时其用法和which大致相同，但也有区别。‎ ‎(2)which指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略。‎ ‎(3)下列情况只用that不用which：‎ ‎①先行词是all, something, everything, anything, nothing, little, much, few等不定代词；‎ ‎②先行词被all, any, every, no, little, much, some等词修饰；‎ ‎③先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词；‎ ‎④先行词被the only, the very(正是，恰是)，the last修饰；‎ ‎⑤先行词中既有人也有物；‎ ‎⑥在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。‎ 二、关系副词引导的定语从句 ‎①When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house where I would be staying.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)‎ 当我到达时，Bryan带我去看了我将要住的房子。‎ ‎②I shall never forget the days when/in which we worked on the farm.‎ 我永远也不会忘记我们在农场工作的那些日子。‎ ‎③The reason why I don’t trust him is that he often tells lies.‎ 我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。‎ ‎④Is this the reason (that) he explained for his rudeness at the meeting?‎ 这就是他在会议上解释的无礼的原因吗？‎ ‎⑤They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.‎ 他们已经到了必须分手的地步。‎ ‎⑥Remember that there is still one point which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow.‎ 记住在明天的会议上我们还有一点必须弄清楚。‎ ‎1．关系副词when, where, why的先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词，在从句中作状语。有时可用“介词＋which”结构替换。‎ ‎2．当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词表时间、地点和原因仍用which/that。‎ ‎3．当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point, situation, case, stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。‎ 三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 ‎①Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted.‎ 皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。‎ ‎②I wish to thank Professor Smith, without whose help I would never have got this far.(2012·天津高考)‎ 我希望感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助，我永远不会走这么远。‎ ‎③Present at the meeting were almost experts on DNA, most of whom came from the US.‎ 出席会议的几乎都是DNA方面的专家，其中大部分来自美国。‎ ‎④Recently I bought an ancient vase, the price of which(＝whose price) was very reasonable.‎ 最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。‎ ‎1．若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词＋whose＋名词”结构。‎ ‎2．该结构中介词的选用 ‎(1)一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：‎ ‎①先行词的意义；‎ ‎②从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；‎ ‎③句子的意思。‎ ‎(2)表示“整体和部分关系”，介词常用of。常见结构：‎ ‎①在some, any, few, little, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。‎ ‎②the＋比较级或最高级前、后用of which/whom等。‎ 四、as, which引导的定语从句 ‎①The air quality in the city, as is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.(2012·福建高考)‎ 正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。‎ ‎②Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, which made one of the Chinese people’s longheld dreams come true.(2013·安徽高考)‎ 莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖，这使中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变成现实。‎ ‎③Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem as none of us worked out.(定语从句)‎ Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem that none of us worked it out.(结果状语从句)‎ 上学期数学老师考试出题太难，没有一个人能解出来。‎ ‎④I would like to use the same tool as you used yesterday.‎ 我想用你昨天使用的那种工具。‎ I would like to use the same tool that you used yesterday.‎ 我想用你昨天使用的那件工具。‎ ‎1．as作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，正像”‎ ‎，as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。‎ ‎2．as常用在下列习惯用语中：‎ as (it) often happens, as I remember, as is often the case, as is expected, as is known to us, as is shown等。‎ ‎3．which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容则只能位于句末。‎ ‎4．“such/so ... that ...”表示“如此……以致……”的意思，用来引导一个结果状语从句；而“such/so ... as ...”表“像……这样……”的意思，用来引导定语从句，as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。‎ ‎5．“the same ... that ...”表同一人或物，而“the same ... as ...”表同种类的东西。‎ 五、way和time后接定语从句的情况 ‎①What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it.‎ 让我吃惊的不是他说的话，而是他说话的方式。‎ ‎②The way he explained to us was quite simple.‎ 他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。‎ ‎③This is the second time (that) the President has visited the country.‎ 这是总统第二次访问这个国家了。‎ ‎④This was at a time when/during which there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets.‎ 这是一个没有收音机、没有电话，也没有电视的时期。‎ ‎1．在定语从句中，the way在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which, that或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。‎ ‎2．先行词是time，若time作“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段时间，时代”讲且作状语时，应用关系副词when或介词at/during＋which引导定语从句。‎ ‎ 考点搜索 考点一关系代词引导的定语从句 ‎1．(2014·武昌调研)After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, who_urgently_needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.(need)‎ 洪水过后，灾区人民急需干净的饮用水和帐篷来渡过难关。‎ ‎2．(2014·宜昌调研)The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those whose_lives_were_affected.(affect)‎ 这本书是以那些生活受到影响的人们的视角讲述地震中发生的故事的。‎ ‎3．(2014·随州调研)Do you still remember the food company which_my_father_visited ten years ago? (work)‎ 你还记得十年前我父亲参观过的那家食品厂吗？‎ 考点二关系副词引导的定语从句 ‎4．(湖北高考) The city where/in_which_I_grew_up is very hot and damp in summer.(grow)‎ 我成长的那座城市夏季非常炎热和潮湿。‎ ‎5．(2014·孝感调研)It's helpful to put children in a situation where_they_can_see_themselves differently.(see)‎ 将孩子们置身于他们以不同方式看待自己的境地非常有益。‎ ‎6．(2014·十堰调研)The days are gone when_women_are_looked_down_upon.(look)‎ 妇女被瞧不起的日子一去不复返了。‎ 考点三“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 ‎7．(2013·湖北高考)Through the course of my schooling, I met many teachers, two of_whom_influenced me greatly.(influence)‎ 上学时我遇到过很多老师，其中两位对我影响很大。‎ ‎8．(湖北高考)Learning strategies, to which_(the)_teachers_attach importance, have not yet drawn enough attention of students.(attach)‎ 老师们认为重要的学习策略还没有引起学生们的重视。‎ 考点四as, which引导的定语从句 ‎9．(湖北高考)As_has_been_mentionedmany times, serving the people is our first policy.(mention)‎ 正如多次提到的那样，为人民服务是我们的首要方针。‎ ‎10．(2014·武汉调研)Mary is much kinder to Jack than she is to the others, which_makes all the others upset.(make)‎ 玛丽对杰克要比对别人好得多，这使得其他人感到不安。‎ ‎ 综合检测 ‎1．(2014·荆州调研)The director is communicating with those two guest professors, both_of_whom_are_experts at hotel management.(expert)‎ 主任正在和两位客座教授交谈。这两位教授都是酒店管理方面的专家。‎ ‎2．(2014·武昌区调研)The boy, who_is_said_to_have a great talent for language learning and persuasion, is a Manchu.(say)‎ 据说这个有语言天赋和很强说服力的男孩是个满族人。‎ ‎3．(2014·黄冈适应性考试)The achievements of our ancestors in which_we_take/show/feel_(a)_pride,_will shine brightly and open to everyone.(pride)‎ 我们引以为豪的我们祖先的辉煌，将永远闪耀着光芒，并向每个人开放。‎ ‎4．(2014·黄石调研)He made a few friends soon after he transferred to the new school, with_whose_help/with_the_help_of_whom/and_with_their_help/and_with_the_help_of_them he had no difficulty in fitting in.(help)‎ 转学到了新校不久他就交了几个朋友，在他们的帮助下他毫不费劲地就适应了。‎ ‎5．The world has been changing at such a high speed as_no_one_has_expected.(expect)‎ 世界变化速度之快没有人意料得到。‎ ‎6．I'd like to express my thanks to my family and especially my wife, without_whose_‎ encouragement I could not have done this.(encouragement)‎ 我想对我的家庭，尤其是我的妻子表示感谢，没有他们的鼓励，我不可能做到这些。‎ ‎7．The company, in_front_of_which_flows a small river, has never poured any waste into it.(flow)‎ 门前有小河流过的那家公司从来没有往河里倾倒过垃圾。‎ ‎8．Global warming has become a serious problem, to_which_we_should_pay more attention.‎ ‎(pay)‎ 全球变暖已经成为一个严肃的问题，对此我们应该给予更多关注。‎ ‎9．If you come across a word whose_meaning_you_have_forgotten,_please look it up in the dictionary.(forget)‎ 如果你遇到一个你已经忘记了其意思的单词，请查词典。‎ ‎10．The white building, whose_roof_was_damaged in the big fire, is actually a hospital.‎ ‎(damage)‎ 房顶在大火中被损坏的那栋白色建筑实际上是一所医院。‎ ‎11．The library contains 5,000 books, many_of_which_come_from the collection of the professor.(come)‎ 这家图书馆有5 000册书，其中许多来自这位教授的收藏。‎ ‎12．The sun heats the earth, which_is_important to us human beings.(important)‎ 太阳给地球热量，这点对我们人类很重要。‎ ‎13．Such advice as_he_was_given has proved to be worthless.(give)‎ 结果证明像他所得到的那种建议毫无价值。‎ ‎14．I'd like you to explain the reason for_which/why_you_were_absent.(absent)‎ 我想让你解释一下你没有来的原因。‎ ‎15．He asked me to read the article to_which_he_referred/referred_to in his talk.(refer)‎ 他请我读一读他在讲话中提到的那篇文章。‎