湖北浠水县 2017 高考英语一轮阅读理解新编（一）

湖北浠水县 2017 高考英语一轮阅读理解新编（一）

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 湖北浠水县 2017 高考英语一轮阅读理解新编（一） 阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C 和 D) 中, 选出最佳选项。 【2013·潍坊 5 月模拟】 Rae and Bruce Hostetler not only work very hard，they also relax just as well.Numerous vacations help the couple to maintain their health and emotional wellbeingand it’s no surprise to health care professionals. “Rest，relaxation，and stress reduction are very important for people’s wellbeing and health.This can be accomplished through daily activities，such as exercise and meditation，but vacation is an important part of this as well，” said primary care physician Natasha Withers from One Medical Group in New York.Withers lists a decreased risk of heart disease and improved reaction time as some of the benefits from taking some time off.“We also know that the mind is very powerful and can help with healing，so a rested，relaxed mind is able to help the body heal better，” said Withers. Psychologists confirm the value of vacations for the mind.“The impact that taking a vacation has on one’s mental health is great，” said Francine Lederer，a clinical psychologist in Los Angeles who specializes in stress and relationship management.“Most people have better life perspective and are more motivated to achieve their goals after a vacation，even if it is a 24hour timeout.” The trips could be good for their health，good for their family and good for their businesses. The online travel agency Expedia conducted a survey about vacation time in 2010，and according to their data the average American earned 18 vacation days—but only used 14 of them.France topped the list，with the average worker earning 37 vacation days and using all but two of them.Americans’ responses may not be surprising in a culture where long hours on the job often are valued，but that’s not always good for the individual，the family or the employer. Psychologists have also found that people who don’t take enough time to relax may find it harder to relax in the future.“Without time and opportunity to do this，the nerve connections that produce feelings of calm and peacefulness become weaker，making it actually more difficult to shift into lessstressed states，” Mulhern said. 1．How did the author introduce the topic of the text? A．By making comparisons. B．By giving an example. C．By raising questions. D．By providing data. 2．According to Natasha Withers，vacations can________. A．weaken reaction system B．cure serious diseases C．reduce the level of wellbeing 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 D．decrease the risk of heart disease 3．Expedia’s survey shows that Americans________. A．dislike family gatherings B．have the shortest vacation C．enjoy as many vacations as the French D．think much of spending long hours on the job 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．One should never wait to relax. B．Work and rest go against each other. C．Time and opportunity wait for no man. D．A relaxed mind determines everything. 5．What is mainly talked about in the text? A．Ways to relax in one’s free time. B．The benefits of taking time off. C．Different opinions on holidays. D．The Hostetlers always on the go. 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了休息和度假对人们生活幸福和身体健康的好处。 1．解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段可知，文章通过 Rae Hostetler 和 Bruce Hostetler 夫妇的例子 引出了文章的主题，故选 B。 答案： B 2．解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“Rest，relaxation，and stress reduction are very important for people’s wellbeing and health.”以及“but vacation is an important part of this as well”可知，度假对人们的身体健康很重要。 答案： D 3．解析： 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句中的“Americans’ responses may not be surprising in a culture where long hours on the job often are valued”可知，美国人很认同将大 量时间花在工作上的做法。 答案： D 4．解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，如果没有时间和机会休息，时间久了会使得产生平静和 安静的感情神经变得很弱，从而就更难产生让人放松的感觉了，由此可推知，选 A。A 项意为“我们要及时 休息”。 答案： A 5．解析： 主旨大意题。文章第一段通过 Rae Hostetler 和 Bruce Hostetler 夫妇的例子引出了文章 的主题，即度假休息有利于人们的身心健康。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 答案： B 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项。 (The Relationship between Brain Process with Mental Experience) By 1950, the results of attempts to relate brain processes to mental experience appeared rather discouraging. Such variations in size, shape, chemistry, conduction speed, excitation threshold, and the like as had been demonstrated in nerve cells remained negligible in significance for any possible correlation with the manifold dimensions of mental experience. Near the turn of the century, it had been suggested by Hering that different modes of sensation, such as pain, taste and color, might be correlated with the discharge of specific kinds of nervous energy, However, subsequently developed methods of recording and analyzing nerve potentials failed to reveal any such qualitative diversity. It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types; however, proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its conduction was influenced by these differences, which seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits. Although qualitative variance among nerve rigidly disproved, the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of the opposing view, namely, that nerve impulses are essentially homogeneous in quality and are transmitted as “common currency” throughout the nervous system. According to this theory, it is not the quality of the sensory nerve impulses that determines the diverse conscious sensations they produce, but, rather, the different areas of the brain into which they discharge, and there is some evidence for this view. In one experiment, when an electric stimulus was applied to a given sensory field of the cerebral cortex of a conscious human subject, it produced a sensation of the appropriate modality for that particular locus, that is, a visual sensation from the visual cortex, an auditory sensation from the auditory cortex, and so on. Other experiments revealed slight variations in the size, number, arrangement, and interconnection of the nerve cells, but as for as psychoneural correlations were concerned, the obvious similarities of these sensory fields to each other seemed much more remarkable than any of the minute differences. However, cortical as diverse as those of red, black, green and white, or touch, cold, warmth, movement, pain, posture and pressure apparently may arise through activation of the same cortical 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 areas. What seemed to remain was some kind of differential patterning effects in the brain excitation: it is the difference in the central distribution of impulses that counts. In short, Brain theory suggested a correlation between mental experience and the activity of relatively homogenous nerve-cell units conducting essentially homogeneous impulses through homogeneous cerebral tissue. To match the multiple dimensions of mental experience psychologists could only point to a limitless variation in the spatiotemporal patterning of nerve impulses. 1. Up until 1950, efforts to establish that brain processes and mental experience are related would most likely have been met with [A]. vexation. . irritability. [C]. discouragement [D]. neutrality 2. The author mentions “common currency” primarily in order to emphasize the [A]. lack of differentiation among nerve impulses in human beings. . similarities in the views of the scientists. [C]. similarity of sensations of human beings. [D]. continuous passage of nerve impulses through the nervous system. 3. Which of the following theories is reinforced by the depiction of the experiment in lines 16—19? [A]. Cognitive experience manifested by sensory nerve impulses are influenced by the area of the brain stimulated. . Qualitative diversity in nerve potentials can now be studied more accurately. [C]. Sensory stimuli are heterogeneous and are greatly influenced by the nerve sensors they produce. [D]. Differentiation in neural modalities influences the length of nerve transmissions. 4. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following exhibit the LEAST qualitative variation? [A]. Nerve cells. . Nerve impulses. [C]. Cortical areas. [C]. Spatial patterns of nerve impulses. Vocabulary 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 1. mental experiences 精神感受 2. discharge 释放 3. negligible 微小的，可以忽略不计的 4. manifold 多种多样的，多方面 5. neuron 神经元/细胞 6. neural （中枢）神经的（系统） 7. qualitative diversity 质的多样性，量变的 8. disprove 反驳，反证 9. homogeneous 相似的 10. sensory nerve 感觉神经 11. cortical 外皮的，皮质的 12. cerebral cortex 大脑皮层 13. locus 地点，区域 14. psychoneural 精神神经 15. heterogeneous 异源的，异种的，异体的 16. spatiotenporal 时空的 难句译注 1. Such variations in size, shape, chemistry, conduction speed, excitation threshold, and the like as had been demonstrated in nerve cells remained negligible in significance for any possible correlation with the manifold dimensions of mental experience. [结构分析] 句型为 such…as 可 as 具有关系代词作用，此处作从句中 had been demonstrated 的主语。 [参考译文] 神经细胞中所显示的诸如在尺寸，形状，化学，神经脉冲中传导速度，激发界限等方面的那 种变化差异对多方面的精神感受可能有联系来说仍然意义不大。 2. It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types; however, proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its conduction was influenced by these differences, which seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits. [参考译文] 有可能用其他办法来显示神经类型之间细微的结构差异。可是，缺乏证据证实脉冲的或者其 脉冲传导的质量受这些差别的影响。相反，这种质量看起来它却影响了中枢神经循环的进展模式。 3. In one experiment, when an electric stimulus was applied to a given sensory field 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 of the cerebral cortex of a conscious human subject, it produced a sensation of the appropriate modality for that particular locus, that is, a visual sensation from the visual cortex, an auditory sensation from the auditory cortex, and so on. [结构分析] 主从句。后面跟解释性同位语：that is ……。 [参考译文] 在一个实验中，当电刺激作用于有意识的人体大脑皮层的某个感觉部位，它对这个特定部位 产生一种恰如其分的感觉道，也就是说，视觉来自视觉皮层，听觉来自听皮层，以此类推。 4. Other experiments revealed slight variations in the size, number, arrangement, and interconnection of the nerve cells, but as for as psychoneural correlations were concerned, the obvious similarities of these sensory fields to each other seemed much more remarkable than any of the minute differences. [参考译文] 其他实验揭示了神经细胞在尺寸，数目，排列和相互联结上的细微变化。可是，就精神神经 相互关系而论，这些感觉部位相互之间明显的相似性似乎比任何细微差异更为明显多。 5. In short, Brain theory suggested a correlation between mental experience and the activity of relatively homogenous nerve-cell units conducting essentially homogeneous impulses through homogeneous cerebral tissue. [参考译文] 总之，大脑理论说明精神感觉和相对相似的神经细胞单位的活动有关系。这种活动通过相似 的大脑皮层组织传导的基本相似的脉冲。 写作方法与文章大意 文章是对“大脑神经活动和精神感受关系的探讨。”采用时空写法。先从 1950 年，探索两者关系的 结果令人沮丧谈起。在临近本世纪转折时期，由赫林提出的不同的感觉态可能和某种神经能量有关。经过 一系列理论和经验探索，最后得出大脑理论说明神经感受和相对相似的神经细胞单位活动有关的结论。这 是一种通过相似的大脑结构引导相似脉冲的活动。 答案祥解 1. C. 令人失望。答案见文章的第一句话“到了 1950 年，大脑活动过程和精神感受有关系的实 验结果看起来令人沮丧。” A. 令人恼火。 B. 激怒。 D. 中立。 均不对。 2. A. 在人的神经脉冲中缺少变异（差别）。Common currency 本义是一般通用。这里的上下问 决定了它的含义“无变异脉冲（普通脉冲）”。第二段“虽然神经能量中的质变理论从没有受到严厉的驳 斥，但这一学说被普遍放弃，而赞成其对立的观点；那就是：神经脉冲在质量沙锅内基本相似，并作为无 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 变异脉冲（普通脉冲）经神经系统传送。”所以普通脉冲就是指神经脉冲无变异，在质量上基本相似。 B. 科学家观点上的相似性。 C. 人类感觉相似性。 D. 神经脉冲连续不断通过神 经系统。这三项和 common currency 无关。 3. A. 受刺激的大脑部位影响感觉神经脉冲所显示的认知感受。在第二道题译文下面“根据这一 理论，不是感觉神经脉冲的质量决定它们所产生的各种有意识的感觉。而是由脉冲在大脑中释放的不同部 位决定，并且有证据证明这一论点。”见难句译注 3。 B. 现在对神经潜力的质量变化可以进行更精彩的研究。 C. 感官刺激是异源的，并深受它 们所产生的神经感觉（感受器）的影响。 D. 神经形态上的差异影响神经传递长度。 4. B. 神经脉冲。这在第 2 题答案 A 中译注（即第二段）已有明确的答复。“神经脉冲在质量 上基本相似……。” A. 神经细胞。见难句译注 2，“有可能用其他办法来显示神经细胞类型之间细微的结构差 异。” C. 外皮区域（部位）。 D. 神经脉冲空间模式。见难句译注 5 和本文最后 一句“为了和精神感受多样性吻合，心理学家只能指明神经脉冲时空模式上的无限差异。”这说明，它不 是 “Least qualitative variation.” [文化教育型阅读理解]----- (三) Millions of people pass through the gates of Disney's entertainment parks in California, Florida and Japan each year. What makes these places an almost universal attraction? What makes foreign kings and queens and other important people want to visit these Disney parks? Well, one reason is the way they're treated once they get there. The people at Disney go out of their way to serve their “guests”， as they prefer to call them, and to see that they enjoy themselves. All new employees, from vicepresidents to parttime workers, begin their employment by attending Disney University and taking “Traditions 1”. Here, they learn about the company's history, how it is managed and why it is successful. They are shown how each department relates to the whole. All employees are shown how their part is important in making the park a success. After passing “Traditions 1”， the employees go on to more specialized training for their specific jobs. No detail is missed. A simple job like taking tickets requires four eighthour days of training. When one ticket taker was asked why it took so much training for such a simple, ordinary job, he replied, “What happens if someone wants to know where the restrooms are, when the parade starts or what bus to take back to the campgrounds？…We need to know the answers or where to get them 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 quickly. Our constant aim is to help our guests enjoy the party.” Even Disney's managers get involved in the daily management of the park. Every year, the managers leave their desks and business suits and put on special service clothes. For a full week, the bosses sell hot dogs or ice cream, take tickets or drive the monorail (单轨列车), and take up any of the 100 jobs that make the entertainment park come alive. The managers agree that this week helps them to see the company's goals more clearly. All these efforts to serve the public well have made Walt Disney Productions famous. Disney is considered by many as the best mass service provider in America or the world. As one longtime business observer once said, “How Disney treats people, communicates with them, and rewards them, is in my view the very reason for his fifty years of success…I have watched, very carefully and with great respect and admiration, the theory and practice of selling satisfaction and serving millions of people on a daily basis, successfully. It is what Disney does best.” 1. The first day they come to Disney parks, all new employees ________． A. begin as ticket takers B. must learn several jobs C. begin by receiving onthejob training D. have already attended Disney University 2. The main goal of the Disney employees is to ________． A. learn all parts of the business B. keep their important guests happy C. be able to answer all kinds of questions D. see that their guests enjoy themselves 3. Each year, managers wear special service clothes and work in the park to ________． A. gain a better view of the company's objectives B. remind themselves of their beginnings at Disney C. set a good example for employees D. replace employees on holiday 4. Which is the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. Parades are regularly held in Disney's entertainment parks. B. Disney attracts people almost from all over the world. C. Tourists learn the history of Disney in its entertainment parks. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 D. Disney's managers are able to do almost all kinds of work in the Disney parks. 5. This passage is mainly about ________． A. how Disney employees are trained B. the history and traditions of the Disney enterprises C. the importance Disney places on serving people well D. why Disney enterprises make a lot of money (三) 【要点综述】 本文主要介绍了迪斯尼公司通过严格的训练管理和优质的服务吸引了来自世界各地的人们观 光旅游。 1．C 细节理解题。从第二段“All new employees, from vicepresidents to parttime workers, begin their employment by attending Disney University and taking ‘Traditions 1'.”和后面所讲述的训 练情况可知，每一个新职员必须在开始就进行工作培训。 2．D 细节理解题。根据文中第三段最后一句话“Our constant aim is to help our guests enjoy the party.”可知，迪斯尼乐园职工的目的是让游客们玩得高兴。 3．A 细节理解题。根据第四段提供的信息“Every year, the managers leave their desks and business suits and put on special service clothes.”和本段的最后一句话“The managers agree that this week helps them to see the company's goals more clearly.”可知，经理们每年穿上特殊的工作服是为了更 好地看清迪斯尼公司的目标。 4．C 细节理解题。通读全文可知，选项 C 是错误的，因为游客到迪斯尼的目的不是了解它的历史，而是 进行娱乐活动。 5．C 主旨大意题。通篇文章主要介绍了迪斯尼公司严格的训练管理和优质的服务。迪斯尼公司把为游客 服务放在重要的位置。