重庆市2021届高三12月第二次预测性考试英语试题 Word版含解析

重庆市2021届高三12月第二次预测性考试英语试题 Word版含解析

2021 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语(预测卷二) 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分 30 分) 第一节(共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分) 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中 选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时 间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1.What did the man do? A. He had some drinks. B. He made a phone call. C. He took care of the woman. 2. How does the woman go shopping now? A. By car. B. On foot. C. By bus. 3. Where did the man spend four days? A. In America. B. In Canada. C. In Mexico. 4. What does the woman advise the man to do? A. Have his car repaired. B. Lend his car to Bill. C. Refuse Bill with a white lie. 5. What can we infer from the conversation? A. The man’s clothing is dirtied accidentally. B. The man wants to have a coffee. C. A traffic accident happened. 第二节(共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分) 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有 2 至 4 个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选 项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话前，你将有 5 秒钟的 时间阅读各个小题；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两 遍。 听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。 6. What does the boy think of the woman? A. Generous. B. Careless. C. Hard-working. 7. How will the boy go to school? A. By car. B. By bus. C. By taxi. 听第 7 段材料，回答第 8 至 9 题。 8. Why does the man hold the party? A. For house-warming. B. For birthday. C. For promotion. 9. How long will the party last? A. 4 hours. B. 5 hours. C. 6 hours. 听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。 10. What did the man do first after he left high school? A. He worked as an actor. B. He went to a drama school. C. He traveled all over the country. 11. What is Casualty? A. A police detective story. B. A hospital drama series. C. A love story. 12. What does the man say about his current work? A. It’s very hard. B. He’s earned enough money. C. He’s learning a lot while working. 听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。 13. Where is the woman from? A. Canada. B. Sweden. C. England. 14. How does the woman know where the man comes from? A. From his name. B. From his accent. C. From his appearance. 15. Which of the following is forbidden? A. Using the man’s kitchen. B. Having a potluck party. C. Smoking in the room. 16. What’s the result if the woman loses her room key? A. She can’t get another room key. B. Officials might check her room. C. She has to pay for a new one. 听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。 17. Where will the swimming competition be held? A. At the school swimming pool. B. At the Jackson Sports Center. C. At the New Town Swimming Pool. 18. At what time will Grade 7 gather? A. 9:30. B. 9:35. C. 9:45. 19. What can we learn from the passage? A. Students needn’t bring cold drinks. B. Students can get their lunch for free. C. Students will return to school at noon. 20. What is the announcement about? A. The location of the Sports Center. B. The process of the competition. C. The arrangements for Grades 7 and 8. 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分 50 分) 第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A The Best Silk Road Tour Silk Road, a business and trade route, originates from the ancient China and connects with the Asian. African and European countries. Our well-designed Silk Road tour package will never let you down. Departure City: Shanghai Guide&Driver: English-speaking guide, experienced driver with an air-conditioned vehicle Meals:12 western buffet breakfasts, 6 lunches with some being a la carte (点菜)style Tour Highlights: ●Must-see sights in China-Terracotta Warriors, Famen Temple,Dunhuang Mogao Caves, Maiji Caves, Jiayuguan Pass and Mutianyu Great Wall ●Trace back to the Silk Road of 2,000 years ago& learn about the culture and history ●Marvel at the art treasure- Mogao Caves&enjoy an exciting camel riding in the Gobi Desert We Guarantee 100%No Shopping Stops! Tour Prices ●Prices are per person in US Dollars. ●Any parts of the tour length, activities or hotels can be tailored to your individual interests Are you ready to follow the footsteps of the ancients to explore this mysterious land now? 1. What will people do on the tour? A. Appreciate the ancient heritage. B. Ride on camels all the way. C. Stay a few nights in caves. D. Do a lot of shopping. 2. Which of the following is most likely to join the tour? A. A Beijing businessman good at golf. B. A Japanese model loving fashion. C. A Yunnan biologist interested in birds. D. An American student learning history. 3. How much should a traveler pay for her family(with two sons)who want to live comfortably? A. $3479. B. $3749. C. $7498. D. $11247. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. D 【解析】 这是一篇应用文。文章是关于去丝绸之路旅行的广告。广告介绍了始发城市、景点、食宿和 价格等。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Tour Highlights:部分的 Must-see sights in China-Terracotta Warriors, Famen Temple, Dunhuang Mogao Caves, Maiji Caves, Jiayuguan Pass and Mutianyu Great Wall(中国必 看景点：兵马俑，法门寺，敦煌莫高窟，麦积山石窟，嘉峪关和慕田峪长城)可知，在旅行 过程中游客可以欣赏中国古代遗产。A. Appreciate the ancient heritage.(欣赏古代遗产)符合以 上说法，故选 A 项。 【2 题详解】 推理判断题。根据 Tour Highlights:部分的 Must-see sights in China-Terracotta Warriors, Famen Temple, Dunhuang Mogao Caves, Maiji Caves, Jiayuguan Pass and Mutianyu Great Wall(中国必 看景点：兵马俑，法门寺，敦煌莫高窟，麦积山石窟，嘉峪关和慕田峪长城)可知，在旅行 过程中游客可以欣赏中国古代遗产。由此推测，一个学历史的学生很有可能参加该旅行 D. An American student learning history.(一个学历史的美国学生)符合以上推测，故选 D 项。 【3 题详解】 细节理解题。根据表格内容可知，如果一个游客和家里的两个儿子要想住得舒适，要支付的 费用是每人 3749 美元，$3749*3=$11247 。D. $11247.符合以上说法，故选 D 项。 B The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University has turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are. Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive. Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life. These include custom-made navigation(导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.” “But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.” Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains, “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.” “For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.” “We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.” 4. What is the purpose of the DriveLAB? A. To explore new means of transport. B. To design new types of cars. C. To find out older driver’s problems. D. To teach people traffic rules. 5. Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe? A. It keeps them independent. B. It helps them save time. C. It builds up their strength. D. It cures their mental illnesses. 6. What do researchers hope to do for older drivers? A. Improve their driving skills. B. Develop driver-assist technologies. C. Provide tips on repairing their cars. D. Organize regular physical checkups. 7. What is the best title for the text? A. A new Model Electric Car B. A Solution to Traffic Problem C. Driving Service for elders D. Keeping Older Drivers on the Road 【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B 7. D 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了老年司机在需要停止开车的年龄之前就不得不停止开车， 所以一些研究人员就开始了解老年司机存在的问题，想要用技术去解决这些问题，比如开发 了控制速度的系统、制定导航工具、夜视系统和智能速度适应。 【4 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段 The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.可知，DriveLAB 为了理解 老年司机所面对的挑战，发现关键点在哪里。即发现老年司机的问题，故选 C。 【5 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中 Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”可知，开车对于保持老年司机 的独立性很重要，让他们可以自由地出去走动，而不必依赖别人。故选 A。 【6 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中 The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.及最 后一段 We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.可知，研究人员想要用技术解决的老年司机的关键难 题，而且正在研究一种控制速度的系统，即开发驾驶员辅助技术，故选 B。 【7 题详解】 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述一些研究人员想要利用技术解决老年司机驾驶存在的问题，其目 的是帮助老年司机能够一直开车直到应该停止的年龄，故以 Keeping Older Drivers on the Road 符合全文主旨，其他题目都太片面，不足以概括全文。故选 D。 【点睛】主旨大意题解题技巧 Topic/Title 型-使用逆推法 （1）要在阅读原文基础上，仔细考虑选项是否与文章主题有密切联系 （2）再看选项对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何 （3）要注意题目是否过大或者过小 （4）要避免下列三种错误概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，导致范围过小）、过度概括（多 表现为扩大范围）、以事实、细节代替抽象概括的大意。 比如第四题主要围绕老年司机为主，故排除了 A 和 B，对象不正确。C. Driving Service for elders. 为老人提供服务，本文也算服务的一种，但是犯了过度概括的错误，范围扩大了， D. Keeping Older Drivers on the Road.这正是本文介绍的内容，研究人员目的也是延长老年司机 的驾驶时间。故选 D。 C Offshore wind turbines (风力发电机) could generate enough electricity to power every home and business on Earth, according to a new report published by the International Energy Agency (IEA). The IEA describes the results as the "most comprehensive global study" of offshore wind. Fatih Birol, executive director of the IEA, said that offshore wind has the potential to join oil, gas and solar power as energy sources that have enjoyed a boom in production following a sharp fall in costs. "Offshore wind currently provides just 0.3% of global power generation, but its potential is vast," Birol said. "More and more of that potential is coming within reach, but much work remains to be done by governments and industry for it to become a mainstay." Increased government support and new investment would help unlock new technology, including floating platforms that would allow turbines to be located much further out to sea. The report says that developing well-equipped wind sites located close to shore would supply more than the total amount of electricity consumed worldwide today. The maximum potential for offshore wind production is more than 120,000 gigawatts (千兆瓦) , or 11 times projected global electricity demand in 2040, although that estimate does not factor in difficulties in transmitting and storing the power generated. Wind power will be able to satisfy increasing demand for clean power to reduce the carbon use, according to the IEA. In the European Union, for example, offshore wind capacity is set to be the region's largest source of electricity in the 2040s. Its growth is expected to far outpace the increase in electricity demand, allowing surplus wind power to be used to produce hydrogen (氢) , which in turn could reduce carbon use in transportation and building. Chinese government policies designed to meet sustainable energy goals will help the country overtake the United Kingdom as having the largest offshore wind fleet by 2025. The push will see China's offshore wind capacity rise from 4 gigawatts in 2019 to 110 gigawatts by 2040. Other countries with a large number of coastal urban centers are also set to benefit, said the IEA. 8. Which of the following statements may be agreed by Fatih Birol? A. Offshore wind has its potential within reach. B. Offshore wind can lead to a sharp fall in costs. C. Offshore wind has enjoyed a boom in production. D. Offshore wind power will for sure become a mainstay. 9. What does the underlined word “surplus” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Spare. B. Enough. C. Limited. D. Abundant. 10. What can we infer from this text? A. China will meet its sustainable energy goals in 2025. B. Wind power will reduce the carbon use in the world. C. Offshore wind will be the largest source of power in 2040. D. The maximum potential mentioned can’t be fully achieved. 11. What is the main idea of this text? A. Wind power will become a new trend. B. A clean power has been found by IEA. C. Offshore wind could power the world. D. IEA published a report on offshore wind. 【答案】8. B 9. A 10. D 11. C 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海上风能可以为世界提供能源。 【8 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Fatih Birol, executive director of the IEA, said that offshore wind has the potential to join oil, gas and solar power as energy sources that have enjoyed a boom in production following a sharp fall in costs.( IEA 执行干事 Fatih Birol 表示，海上风力发电有 可能与石油、天然气和太阳能发电一道，成为在成本大幅下降后产量大增的能源来源。)” 可知，Fatih Birol 认为海上风力发电可以导致成本的急剧下降。故选 B。 【9 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据文章第四段划线词前半句“Its growth is expected to far outpace the increase in electricity demand,(它的增长速度预计将远远超过电力需求的增长，)”可知，因为风力发 电量将远远超过电力需求，所以使得风能过剩。从而猜测 surplus 为“过剩的，多余的”之 意。故选 A。 【10 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The maximum potential for offshore wind production is more than 120,000 gigawatts ( 千 兆 瓦 ) , or 11 times projected global electricity demand in 2040, although that estimate does not factor in difficulties in transmitting and storing the power generated.(海上风力发电的最大潜力超过 12 万千瓦，是 2040 年全球预计电力需求的 11 倍， 尽管这一估计没有考虑到传输和存储所产生电力的困难。)”可推断，所提到的最大潜力不 能完全实现的。故选 D。 【11 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Offshore wind turbines (风力发电机) could generate enough electricity to power every home and business on Earth, according to a new report published by the International Energy Agency (IEA).(根据国际能源机构发布的一份新报告，海上风力涡轮机可 以产生足够的电力供应地球上每一个家庭和企业。)”及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了海 上风能可以为世界提供能源。故选 C。 D One morning, when Gregor Samsa woke from troubled dreams, he found himself transformed in his bed into a horrible insect. He lay on his armor-like back, and if he lifted his head a little he could see his brown belly, slightly domed and divided by arches into stiff sections. The bedding was hardly able to cover it and seemed ready to slide off any moment. His many legs, pitifully thin compared with the size of the rest of him, waved about helplessly as he looked. "What's happened to me?" he thought. It wasn't a dream. His room, a proper human room although a little too small, lay peacefully between its four familiar walls. A collection of textile samples lay spread out on the table—Samsa was a travelling salesman—and above it there hung a picture that he had recently cut out of an illustrated magazine and housed in a nice, gilded frame. It showed a lady fitted out with a fur hat and fur scarf who sat upright, raising a heavy fur muff (暖手筒) that covered the whole of her lower arm towards the viewer. Gregor then turned to look out the window at the dull weather. Drops of rain could be heard hitting the window, which made him feel quite sad. "How about if I sleep a little bit longer and forget all this nonsense," he thought, but that was something he was unable to do because he was used to sleeping on his right, and in his present state couldn't get into that position. However hard he threw himself onto his right, he always rolled back to where he was. He must have tried it a hundred times, shut his eyes so that he wouldn't have to look at the floundering legs, and only stopped when he began to feel a mild, dull pain there that he had never felt before. He thought, "What a heavy career it is that I've chosen! Travelling day in and day out. Doing business like this takes much more effort than doing your own business at home, and on top of that there's the curse of travelling, worries about making train connections, bad and irregular food, contact with different people all the time so that you can never get to know anyone or become friendly with them." He felt a slight itch up on his belly; pushed himself slowly up on his back towards the headboard so that he could lift his head better; found where the itch was, and saw that it was covered with lots of little white spots which he didn't know what to make of; and when he tried to feel the place with one of his legs he drew it quickly back because as soon as he touched it he was overcome by a cold tremble. He slid back into his former position. "Getting up early all the time," he thought, "it makes you stupid. You've got to get enough sleep. Other travelling salesmen live a life of luxury. For instance, whenever I go back to the guest house during the morning to copy out the contract, these gentlemen are always still sitting there eating their breakfasts. I ought to just try that with my boss; I'd get kicked out on the spot. But who knows, maybe that would be the best thing for me. If I didn't have my parents to think about I'd have given in my notice a long time ago, I'd have gone up to the boss and told him just what I think, tell him everything I would, let him know just what I feel. He'd fall right off his desk! And it's a funny sort of business to be sitting up there at your desk, talking down at your inferiors from up there, especially when you have to go right up close because the boss is hard of hearing. Well, there's still some hope; once I've got the money together to pay off my parents' debt to him—another five or six years I suppose—that's definitely what I'll do. That's when I'll make the big change. First of all though, I've got to get up, my train leaves at five." 12. According to the passage, Gregor initially believes his transformation is a ? A. curse B. disease C. nightmare D. fraud 13. The word "floundering" in paragraph 3 most nearly means ? A. struggling B. painful C. pitiful D. trembling 14. The author most likely includes a description of Gregor's itch in paragraph 4 to ? A. remind the reader that Gregor has already turned into an insect B. stress the disconnection between Gregors' thoughts and his actual situation C. present important details about what Gregor's new body looks like D. show that Gregor's thoughts are focused on the changes to his body 15. The main rhetorical (修辞的) effect of the final sentence of the excerpt ("First of all though, I've got to get up, my train leaves at five") is to ? A. provide a solution to the conflict Gregor faces B. foretell the conflict between Gregor and his boss C. illustrate Gregor's flexibility and ability to move on D. emphasize Gregor's extreme sense of duty 【答案】12. C 13. A 14. B 15. D 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇记叙文。本文选自小说《变形记》。节选的部分叙述了文章的主人 Gregor 在早晨 醒来时，发现自己变成了一只可怕的害虫。在挣扎的过程中，Gregor 诉说了自己为养活家 人尽心尽力，常年在外奔波的辛苦。 【12 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“One morning,when Gregor Samsa woke from troubled dreams, he found himself transformed in his bed into a horrible insect”（一天早晨，Gregor 从噩梦中醒来， 发现自己在床上变成了一只可怕的昆虫）可知，Gregor 发现自己的转变是在梦醒后，所以 他最初认为这是一个噩梦，nightmare 是原文中 terrible dreams 的近义词。故选 C。 【13 题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段，“His many legs, pitifully thin compared with the size of the rest of him, waved about helplessly as he looked”（他的许多条腿，跟他的身体其他部分比起来，瘦的可怜， 一边望着，一边无助地挥动着）可知，该词修饰 legs，这些腿是没有力气的，只能挣扎着艰 难移动，所以猜测本词是“挣扎”的含义。故选 A。 【14 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文中第四段，“He felt a slight itch up on his belly; pushed himself slowly up on his back towards the headboard so that he could lift his head better; found where the itch was, and saw that it was covered with lots of little white spots which he didn't know what to make of; and when he tried to feel the place with one of his legs he drew it quickly back because as soon as he touched it he was overcome by a cold tremble.”（他觉得肚子有点痒；他慢慢地仰 面朝床头爬去，以便能更好地抬起头来；他找到了痒的地方，发现上面有很多白点，他不知 道那是什么；当他试着用一条腿去摸那个地方，他却很快缩了回来，因为他一触摸到它，他 就冷的发抖）可知，作者这样描述是为了证明 Gregor 大脑的判断与真实的情况之间是有差 距的，即思维与实际情况判断有误。故选 B。 【15 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文中内容可知，Gregor 为父母着想，为了还债，做了一份自己不喜欢的 工作。虽然抱怨工作辛苦，但为了实现自己的目标，仍然在努力。由此可推断出，他是一个 有责任心的人，所以最后一句，“ First of all though, I've got to get up, my train leaves at five.” （尽管如此，我还要不得不起床，我的火车 5 点出发）说明他即使不请愿，也会按照既定的 目标去生活，因此这样说是为了表明他是一个有责任心的人。故选 D。 【点睛】 第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分) 阅读下面的短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中 有两项为多余选项。 What is culture? Culture is too complex to define in simple terms.____16____ One is that culture is a total pattern of behaviour that is consistent in its components. Another fundamental is that culture is learned behaviour. The third is that culture is behaviour that is shared by a group of people. To understand the culture of a particular country or region, one could examine its components, among which are material culture, language, and social organisation. Material culture includes the tools and symbols in a society, not including those physical things found in nature, unless they have undergone some change or have been given meaning by people. ____17____The way we consume and what we consume are heavily influenced by material culture. ____18____ Linked with all other aspects of culture, it reflects the nature and values of that culture. Industrialised societies have a rich vocabulary for commercial and industrial activities, while less industrialised societies may have richer vocabularies for matters important to their societies. The Eskimos in Alaska have many words to describe snow whereas English has only one general term. Social organisation differs somewhat from society to society. The primary kind of community association is based on blood ties. ____19____. It provides mutual protection, psychological support, and a kind of economic insurance or social security for its members. The term "brothers" in Zaire includes those whom we call cousins and uncles. Cultural analysis serves a variety of purposes. Understanding the various dimensions and their inter- relatedness helps promote cross-cultural awareness. ____20____ A. Some scholars even suggest that it is useless to try. B. Language is the most obvious difference between cultures. C. However, there are certain agreed- on fundamentals that can be easily identified. D. The values represented within a culture can also change with the passing of time. E. For example, a mouse running on a street is not part of a culture, but the Mickey Mouse is. F. In many developing countries, the extended family fulfills several social and economic roles. G. It leads on to the promotion of goodwill, social and economic planning and harmony between social groupings or societies. 【答案】16. C 17. E 18. B 19. F 20. G 【解析】 【分析】 本文为夹叙夹议文。本文论述了从三个方面论述了什么是文化，如何理解文化，以及分析文 化有何好处。 【16 题详解】 考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据上一句：文化太复杂，不能用简单的术语来定义。 而下面却又给文化下了定义，可知，文化虽复杂，不好简单定义，但在某些方面还是达成共 识的。前后内容是相反的。分析选项可知 C 项中的“however”表示转折，再看意思（然而， 有一些可以轻易确定的商定的基本原则）符合题意，故选 C。 【17 题详解】 考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空格的上句“Material culture includes the tools and symbols in a society, not including those physical things found in nature, unless they have undergone some change or have been given meaning by people”可 知，物质文化不包括自然界中发现的物质事物，除非它们经历了某种变化或被人们赋予了意 义。分析选项可知 E 项中说的过街老鼠不是物质文化的一部分，但米老鼠就被赋予了意义， 成为文化的一部分。由此可推断 E 项符合题意，故选 E。 【18 题详解】 考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本空格所在的第三段中出现的“vocabularies”、 “words”、“English”等，这都属于语言（Language）的范畴，可知本段主要讲述的是不 同文化中所用的语言和词汇存在着差异，分析选项可知 B 项（语言是不同文化之间最明显 的差异）符合语境，故选 B。 【19 题详解】 考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空前的“第一种社区交往是以血缘关系为基础 的。”，可知，此处是指以血缘关系为基础的即是家庭（family）。结合下句“它为其成员 提供相互保护、心理支持和一种经济保险或社会保障。”可知，大家庭在社会经济中的作用。 结合空格前后的语境可知，本段主要介绍了大家庭发挥了若干社会和经济作用。分析选项可 知 F 项符合题意，故选 F。 【20 题详解】 考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据本段的首句“文化分析有多种用途”以及空前的 “了解不同的维度及其相互关系有助于提高跨文化意识”可推断出空格主要叙述文化分析 的作用。分析选项可知 G 项（它促进了亲善、社会和经济规划以及社会群体或社会之间的 和谐。）符合题意，故选 G。 【点睛】七选五题型考察学生把握整篇文章的布局和逻辑层次关系和把握微观信息间关联性 这种题一般可从以下方面来做： （1）看首段，跳过空格快速通读全篇，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构，分析篇章结构， 了解文章大意。首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具 有重要意义。 （2）精读空格前后两句，利用各种衔接手段选择正确的选项填入空格。七选五空出的是整 个句子，可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句 子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。第 5 小题根据本段的首句“文化分析有多种用 途”以及空前的“了解不同的维度及其相互关系有助于提高跨文化意识”可推断出空格主 要叙述文化分析的作用。分析选项可知 G 项（它促进了亲善、社会和经济规划以及社会群 体或社会之间的和谐。）符合题意，故选 G。 （3）看选项，找出与空前空后句中心词同义，近义或相关性的词语，。实现关键词的对接， 尤其是词（或短语）的复现。先易后难，各个突破。通过阅读选项，有可能根据选项中的关 键词找出正确选项。如第 3 小题所在的第三段中出现的“vocabularies”、“words”、 “English”等，这都属于语言（Language），可知本段主要讲述的是不同文化中所用的语言 和词汇存在着差异，分析选项可知 B 项（语言是不同文化之间最明显的差异）符合语境， 故选 B。 （4） 解题的关键是能娴熟地利用各种衔接手段。尤其要注意代词，连词等。如表示转折关 系的 but，though, however 等。如第 1 小题，根据上一句：文化太复杂，不能用简单的术语 来定义。而下面却又给文化下了定义，可知，文化虽复杂，不好简单定义，但在某些方面还 是达成共识的。前后内容是相反的。分析选项可知 C 项中的“however”表示转折，再看意 思（然而，有一些可以轻易确定的商定的基本原则）符合题意，故选 C。 最后，用代入法，检查答案是否合理，将所有选择答案放回空白处，通读全文，检查文章内 容是否语义连贯合理、紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思 路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确． 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分 30 分) 第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的 最佳选项。 When my kids were young, I would sometimes wonder what I had done wrong when child after child was born into our family with far too high a dose (剂量) of “strong will”. I would___21___observe other families whose children seemed so understanding and so easy to please. My kids, ___22___, were “spirited”. They hardly ever obeyed me, constantly testing my___23___. It was their way or the highway or at least a lot of screaming and other such nonsense if their way was not acknowledged. I began to wonder if strong will was a genetic trait (遗传特性). One Sunday, I was out in the hallway at church with Andrew, who was about 3 years old at the time, but who was so___24___active and excited about small things. While he was screaming, a sweet elderly woman came up to me and said, “Your kids are so___25___.” I glanced down at my screaming baby, and___26___if she was talking to the right person. “They are brave and determined,” she went on, “which means that they will___27___great things.” I told her that I hoped she was right, and she___28___repeated, with a loving smile, that she was. Quite___29___, I was a little shocked at her timing. She had seen me come to church week after week, and watched me_____30_____with my noisy troublemakers. She knew that I spent more time walking the halls_____31_____ trying to keep them quiet than actually sitting in the meetings. I did not understand why she had picked that particular moment, when my patience was running out and my child was screaming, to tell me that my kids were full of _____32_____. As I realized not too late, “Strong-willed children are a_____33_____, not a curse (诅咒)!” Yes, there have been times when I have_____34_____wanted to throw my hands in the air and scream, and times when I have done just that. But there have_____35_____been moments when I have felt like I was the student instead of the teacher. 21. A. happily B. longingly C. relatively D. unwillingly 22. A. furthermore B. otherwise C. therefore D. however 23. A. patience B. love C. courage D. chance 24. A. strictly B. hesitatingly C. uncommonly D. nervously 25. A. strong B. helpful C. hopeful D. smart 26. A. questioned B. considered C. wondered D. understood 27. A. explain B. accomplish C. change D. invent 28. A. faithfully B. confidently C. stubbornly D. secretly 29. A. calmly B. badly C. sadly D. honestly 30. A. debate B. fight C. struggle D. wrestle 31. A. before B. after C. while D. until 32. A. energy B. excitement C. courage D. potential 33. A. wish B. blessing C. choice D. fate 34. A. desperately B. eventually C. accidentally D. simply 35. A. hardly B. also C. never D. already 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. C 32. D 33. B 34. A 35. B 【解析】 本文是夹叙夹议文。作者本来为自己“意志坚定的”孩子感到烦恼，觉得他们是一群捣蛋鬼。 一位老妇人称赞儿子将来会大有作为的话，让作者意识到有“意志坚定的”孩子是一大幸 事。 【21 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我会迫切地观察其他家庭，他们的孩子看起来是那么善解人意， 那么容易取悦。A. happily 幸福地；B. longingly 渴望地；C. relatively 相对地；D. unwillingly 不情愿地。根据上文“I would sometimes wonder”中的“wonder”可知，作者渴望知道别人 家的孩子为什么都那么善解人意。故选 B。 【22 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我的孩子们却总是“精神饱满的”。A. furthermore 此外； B. otherwise 否则；C. therefore 因此；D. however 然而。根据上文“children seemed so understanding and so easy to please”可知，别人家的孩子都很善解人意，以及后文“My kids were ‘spirited’”可知，前后两个句子之间语义转折，因此用 however 表示转折关系。故选 D。 【23 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们几乎从不听我的话，不断地考验我的耐心。A. patience 耐心； B. love 爱；C. courage 勇气；D. chance 机遇。根据下文“my patience was running out and my…was screaming”可知，孩子们不听作者的话，他们会经常大声尖叫，这很考验当妈妈 的作者的耐心。故选 A。 【24 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：一个星期天，我和安德鲁在教堂的走廊上，当时他大约 3 岁，但 对一些小事他表现出非常活跃和兴奋。A. strictly 严格地；B. hesitatingly 迟疑地，犹豫地；C. uncommonly 罕见地，非常；D. nervously 紧张地。根据下文“my screaming baby”可知，安 德鲁看到一些东西都大喊大叫，异常地兴奋。故选 C。 【25 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他大声尖叫的时候，一位和蔼的老妇人走到我面前说：“你 的孩子很机灵。” A. strong 强壮的；B. helpful 帮助人的；C. hopeful 充满希望的；D. smart 聪明的，机灵的。根据上文“active and excited about small things”可知，安德鲁对看到的小 事物都显得很活跃、很兴奋，那位老妇人觉得他很机灵。故选 D。 【26 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我低头看了看我尖叫的宝宝，想知道她是不是在跟对的人说话。 A. questioned 询问；B. considered 考虑；C. wondered 感到疑惑；D. understood 理解。根据下 文“I hoped she was right”和“my noisy troublemakers”可知，作者觉得自己的孩子尖叫吵 闹，因此当老妇人称赞安德鲁机灵时，她不知道老妇人是不是在说她的儿子。故选 C。 【27 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“他们勇敢而坚定，”她继续说，“这意味着他们将成就大事。”A. explain 解释；B. accomplish 完成，实现；C. change 改变；D. invent 发明。根据老妇人称赞 作者孩子的话“brave and determined”可知，老妇人觉得这些孩子会大有作为。故选 B。 【28 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我告诉她我希望她是对的。她带着慈爱的笑容，自信地再一次说 她是对的。A. faithfully 忠实地；B. confidently 有信心地；C. stubbornly 固执地；D. secretly 秘密地。根据“repeated”可知，老妇人相信自己说的是正确的。故选 B。 【29 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：老实说，我有点惊讶于她（说这话）的时机。A. calmly 平静地； B. badly 糟糕地；C. sadly 悲哀地；D. honestly 老实地，诚实地。根据下文“I did not understand…she had picked that particular moment”可知，作者很坦诚地承认自己不知道为什 么老妇人选择那个时候说这些话。短语 quite honestly“说实在地，坦率地说”。故选 D。 【30 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她看到我每周都去教堂，看着我和那些吵吵嚷嚷的捣蛋鬼作斗争。 A. debate 辩论；B. fight 斗争，打架；C. struggle 作斗争，挣扎；D. wrestle 摔跤。根据“my noisy troublemakers”和“trying to keep them quiet”可知，作者让不停地吵闹、捣乱的孩子 安静下来，和他们作斗争。故选 C。 【31 题详解】 考查连接词词义辨析。句意：她知道当我试图让他们安静下来时，我花了更多的时间在大厅 里走动，而不是真正地坐在集会上。A. before 在……之前；B. after 在……之后；C. while 在……期间； D. until 直到。在作者想让孩子们安静下来的这一段时间里，她更多的时间是 在外面的大厅里，应用 while 引导时间状语。故选 C。 【32 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不明白为什么她会在我失去耐心、我的孩子尖叫的时候，告诉 我说我的孩子们充满潜力。A. energy 精力；B. excitement 兴奋；C. courage 勇气；D. potential 潜力。根据上文老妇人称赞作者的孩子的话“‘They are brave and determined,’ she went on, ‘which means that they will 10 great things.’”可知，老妇人认为作者的孩子很有潜力，将 来会大有作为。故选 D。 【33 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我还不是太晚地意识到“意志坚定的”孩子是幸事而不是祸事 时。A. wish 愿望；B. blessing 祝福，幸事；C. choice 选择；D. fate 命运。blessing 与 not a curse 意义相对。故选 B。 【34 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我还不是太晚地意识到“意志坚定的”孩子是幸事而不是祸事 时，是的，我曾有时候极想举起双手在空中挥舞并大声尖叫，曾经有时候我就是这么做的。 A. desperately 极度渴望地；B. eventually 最终地；C. accidentally 偶然地；D. simply 简单地， 仅仅。作者得知自己孩子的“意志坚定”是好事的时候，非常想表达自己内心的兴奋。故选 A。 【35 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：但也有一些时候，我觉得自己像是一个学生，而不是老师。A. hardly 几乎不；B. also 也；C. never 从不；D. already 已经。上文提到“there have been times when…”， 此处提到“there have 20 been moments when…”，与上文句式并列，因此用 also 表示递 进关系。故选 B。 第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The American space agency, NASA, ___36___ (release) its latest plan to place the first humans on the moon since 1972. The ___37___ (update) information on the Artemis mission renews NASA’s promise ___38___ one of the astronauts will be a woman. “We’re going back to the moon for ___39___ (science) discovery, economic benefits, and inspiration for a new generation of explorers,” NASAAdministrator Jim Bridenstine said in a statement Monday. NASA’s moon mission is part of ___40___(it) Artemis plan. It will use NASA’s newest rocket, the Space Launch System, or SLS. The astronauts are to travel on NASA’s Orion spaceship. Three projects ___41___ (compete) to build a moon lander ___42___ will transport two astronauts to the moon from the Orion spaceship. The competitors are all private companies, Blue Origin, SpaceX and Dynetics. Artemis 1 will send a spaceship around the moon in 2021. It will not use ___43___ human crew. Artemis II is to send astronauts around the moon in 2023. Artemis III will land on the lunar surface in 2024 and remain for a week. NASA plans to have the astronauts ___44___ (leave) the lander to collect soil and rock, search for water and other resources and carry _____45_____ experiments. NASA says the plan will cost $28 billion dollars over a period of five years. 【答案】36. has released 37. updated 38. that 39. scientific 40. its 41. are competing 42. that/which 43. a/any 44. leave 45. out 【解析】 本文是一则新闻报道。文章主要介绍了 NASA 最新的载人登月计划。 【36 题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：美国航天局(NASA)公布了自 1972 年以来首次将人类送上月球的最 新计划。根据 since1972 推出，此处应使用现在完成时态，主语 The American space agency 是单数概念，谓语动词用单数形式。故填 has released。 【37 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：有关阿尔特弥斯任务的最新信息使美国宇航局再次承诺，其中一名 宇航员将是女性。此处修饰 information，二者之问是被动的关系，应使用过去分词作定语， 意为“已更新的信息”。故填 updated。 【38 题详解】 考查同位语从句。句意：有关阿尔特弥斯任务的最新信息使美国宇航局再次承诺，其中一名 宇航员将是女性。_____ one of the astronauts will be a woman 是同位语从句，从句句意齐全， 不缺成分，应使用只起连接作用、无实意的 that 引导。故填 that。 【39 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我们重返月球是为了科学发现、经济利益和激励新一代的探索者。此处 使用形容词 scientific，修饰名词 discovery，意为“科学发现”。故填 scientific。 【40 题详解】 考查物主代词。句意：美国宇航局的探月任务是其阿尔特弥斯计划的一部分。此处修饰 Artemis plan，意为“它的阿尔忒弥斯计划”，应使用形容词性物主代词。故填 its。 【41 题详解】 考查动词时态，句意：三个项目正在竞争建造一个月球着陆器，这个着陆器将把两名宇航员 从猎户座飞船送到月球。根据语境可知，此处表示现在正在发生的事情，应使用现在进行时。 故填 are competing。 【42 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：三个项目正在竞争建造一个月球着陆器，这个着陆器将把两名宇航员 从猎户座飞船送到月球。______ will transport two astronauts to the moon from the Orion spaceship 是限定性定语从句，先行词为 lander，指物，从句缺主语，应使用关系代词 that/which 引导。故填 that/which。 【43 题详解】 考查冠词。句意：它不会使用人类船员。crew 本意为全体工作人员（船、飞机等），a/an…crew 表示“一群/伙专业团队”，如 a film crew“电影摄制组”，human 是以辅音音素开头的词， 应使用不定冠词 a；也可用 not any crew“没有任何工作人员”，加强语气。故填 a 或 any。 【44 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：NASA 计划让宇航员离开着陆器去收集土壤和岩石，寻找水和其他 资源，并进行实验。have sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”，此处为省略 to 的不定式。故填 leave。 【45 题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：NASA 计划让宇航员离开着陆器去收集土壤和岩石，寻找水和其他资 源，并进行实验。根据句意可知，此处是固定短语 carry out“执行，实施”。故填 out。 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分 40 分) 第一节(满分 15 分) 46. 假定你是李华,针对校园内存在浪费粮食的现象,学校决定举行抵制浪费粮食的活动。请 你代表学生会在学校英文报上写一封倡议书,内容包括: 1.活动的理由及目的; 2.具体的做法; 3.呼吁从我做起,节约粮食。 注意: 1.写作词数应为 80 左右; 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear fellow students, _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ The Student Union 【答案】One possible version: Dear fellow students, We all feel concerned when seeing leftovers piled in the bins of the canteen. To arouse our awareness of saving food, our school is to launch a campaign against food waste. As for us students, please don’t order food that we can’t finish. Furthermore, let’s remind each other to clear the plate all the time or pack leftovers home. Treasuring food is a Chinese traditional virtue. Remember, every grain comes after hard work. Let’s save food and do it from now! The Student Union 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文，根据要求写一封倡议书。 【详解】第一步：假定你是李华， 针对校园内存在浪费粮食的现象学校决定举行抵制浪费 粮食的活动。请你代表学生会在学校英文报上写一封倡议书，内容包括： 1.活动的理由及目的；2.具体的做法；3.呼吁从我做起，节约粮食。 第二步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：save food（节约事物）；launch a campaign（发 起一项活动）；food waste （食物浪费）；as for（就…..而言）；come after（相继，跟随）。 第三步：根据提及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应 用一般现在时。 第四步：连句成文， 注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接和过渡，书写一定要规范清 晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。 【点睛】第一段，开门见山，表达目的，清晰明确，简单明了。 第二段，说明具体做法，结构清晰，Furthermore…连接结构的短语和词运用得体恰当。 第三段，发出呼吁，结构严谨。 文章内容完整，提纲要点全面，格式规范，语篇连贯，使用复合句，显示考生有很高的英语 驾驭能力，如 As for us students, please don’t order food that we can’t finish.（至于我们的学生， 请不要点我们吃不完的食物。）定语从句的运用。 第二节(满分 25 分) 47. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 Old Man Donovan was a mean man who hated children. He threw rocks at them and even shot at them with a shotgun. At least that’s what we had heard. His small farm bordered our neighborhood where my younger sister, Leigh Ann, and I lived when we were growing up. His farm was long, narrow, and quaint. It held two treasures. One was his beautiful fruit. There were many varieties of fruit: pears, apples, and lots more I just can't think of. The fruit naturally drew the children to his land. It made them into thieves. But my sister and I didn't dare to take his fruit because of the horrible rumors we had heard about Old Man Donovan. One summer day, we were playing in a nearby field. It was time to head back home. My sister and I were feeling very daring that day. There was a short cut to our house that went through the Donovan farm. We thought he wouldn't be able to see us run across his property around the luscious fruit trees. We were almost through the farm when we heard, "Hey, girl!" in a gruff, low voice. We stopped dead in our tracks! There we were, face to face with Old Man Donovan. Our knees were shaking. We had visions of rocks pounding our bodies and bullets piercing our hearts. "Come here," he said, reaching up to one of his apple trees. Still shaking, we went over to him. He held out several ripe, juicy, red apples. "Take these home,” he commanded. We took the apples with surprised hearts and ran all the way home. Of course, Leigh Ann and I ate the apples. As time went on, we often went through Old Man Donovan's farm, and he kept on giving us more luscious fruit. One day, we stopped by to see him when he was on his front porch. We talked to him for hours. While he was talking, we realized that we had found the other hidden treasure: the sweet, kind heart hidden behind his gruff voice. Soon, he was one of our favorite people to talk to. Unfortunately, his family never seemed to enjoy our company. They never smiled or welcomed us in. Paragraph 1: Every summer, we would visit Mr. Donovan and talk to him. _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Paragraph 2: The next winter, word got around that Old Man Donovan had died. _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 【答案】Paragraph 1 Every summer, we would visit Mr. Donovan and talk to him. We shared with him our colorful experiences at school while he kept giving out his luscious fruits to us as usual. As time went by, we seemed to be more a family than good friends. But one summer, we were informed that he was seriously ill and we were anxious and restless, so we rushed straight to the hospital. It was from his family that we knew that he had fell from a tree while looking after the fruits and his head was seriously hurt and needed a dangerous operation. Paragraph 2 The next winter, word got around that Old Man Donovan had died. Hearing the bad news, I felt a lump in my throat and tears welled up in my eyes. I realized gone were the days when we sat together chatting with each other. I realized gone were the days when we were lucky enough to have a taste of the luscious fruit grown by him. However, he left us a hidden treasure—his kind heart, which shall never die away with the passage of time. 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达是读后续写，要求根据所给情节续写两段。 【详解】第 1 步：根据提示可知，本文要求续写两段：阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续 写，使之构成一个完整的故事，时态应为一般过去时。 第 2 步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如； colorful（多姿多彩的），luscious（甘美的）， inform（通知），anxious（担忧的），restless（不安的），gamble（冒险），hidden（隐藏的） 及 treasure（财富）等。 第 3 步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第 4 步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰， 保持卷面的整洁美观。 【点睛】范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式， 高级词汇有 give out（分发），as usual（像往常一样），rush to （火速赶往），die away (消失)， look after（照顾），well up（涌出）以及 get around（消息传开），而且还使用了状语从句“As time went by, we seemed to be more a family than good friends.”，宾语从句“But one summer, we were informed that he was seriously ill and we were anxious and restless”，同位语从句 “The next winter, word got around that Old Man Donovan had died.”，倒装和定语从句“I realized gone were the days when we sat together chatting with each other.”及“I realized gone were the days when we were lucky enough to have a taste of the luscious fruit grown by him.”， 强调句型“It was from his family that we knew that he had fell from a tree while looking after the fruits and his head was seriously hurt and needed a dangerous operation.”，非限定性定语从 句“However, he left us a hidden treasure—his kind heart, which shall never die away with the passage of time.”，非谓语动词“Hearing the bad news, I felt a lump in my throat and tears welled up in my eyes.”，全文没有语法错误，上下句转换自然流畅。