2020届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit2Workingtheland单元学案（33页）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit2Workingtheland单元学案（33页）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit2Working the land单元学案 Period One　Warming Up，Prereading and Reading ‎1 Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.（P10）‎ 拓展归纳 struggle with/against与……斗争 struggle for努力争取……；为……而斗争 struggle to do sth.努力做某事 struggle for existence生存竞争 without a struggle未经努力 fight against...为反对……而斗争 fight with...与……作战；与……并肩战斗 fight for...为争取……而斗争 compete against...与……竞争/对抗 ‎ ‎ fight，war，battle，struggle ‎(1)fight意为“打仗；作战；战斗”，引申为一般的斗争。‎ They fought back in selfdefence.‎ 他们进行了自卫还击。‎ ‎(2)war指全面战争，包含多次。‎ We experienced two world wars in the last century.‎ 上个世纪我们经历了两次世界大战。‎ ‎(3)battle战役，指大的、连续数小时或数天的战斗。‎ the Battle of Waterloo滑铁卢战役 ‎(4)struggle指较长时间的激烈的争斗，常指肉体、精神上的搏斗。‎ They had to struggle for their freedom.‎ 他们不得不为自由而战。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)He_has_been_struggling (他一直努力奋斗着) to succeed in his business.‎ ‎(2)She struggled_to_keep_back_the_tears (努力忍住泪水)．‎ ‎(3)The lion made a sudden angry noise and struggled_to_its_feet (挣扎着站了起来)．‎ ‎(4)After_a_long_struggle (经过长期的努力)，she gained control of the business.‎ ‎2At that time，hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside.(P10) ‎ 拓展归纳 ‎(have) a hunger for sth.渴望某物/事 a strong hunger for knowledge强烈的求知欲 die of hunger死于饥饿 hunger for sth.渴望某事(＝long for sth.)‎ hunger for peace渴望和平 be hungry for sth.渴望某物/事 ‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)他饿死了。‎ He died_of_hunger.‎ ‎(2)[谚]饥饿能使人冲破石墙。/饥饿使人造反。‎ Hunger_breaks stone walls.‎ ‎(3)她渴望得到他的爱。‎ She hungered_for his love.‎ ‎3Dr.Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.(P10) ‎ 拓展归纳 expand...into...把……扩展/发展成……‎ expand into...发展成/扩大成……‎ expand on sth.细说/阐述……‎ expansion n．扩大，膨胀 ‎ ‎ expand，extend，enlarge，spread ‎(1)expand扩大；使膨胀，指范围、体积的扩大。‎ ‎(2)extend扩充；伸长，指空间范围等的扩大，长度、宽度的延伸及时间的延长。‎ ‎(3)enlarge指面积、体积和范围的扩大以及能力的增长，不能用来指重量、速度、时间等。‎ ‎(4)spread侧重指向四面八方展开，强调其表面，也指物种、疾病、思想或文化习惯的传播、延伸。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)水结冰时体积变大。‎ Water expands when it freezes.‎ ‎(2)炎热的天气一直持续到十月份。‎ The hot weather extended to October.‎ ‎(3)阅读能扩大你的词汇量。‎ Reading will enlarge your vocabulary.‎ ‎(4)这种疾病迅速在整个村庄里蔓延。‎ The disease spread quickly around the village.‎ ‎4He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.(P10) ‎ 拓展归纳 equip...for...给某人/物配备……以……；使有能力做……‎ equip sb. with用……装备起来，使装(具)备 equip oneself整装，准备行装，装备自己 be equipped for准备好，对……有准备 be equipped with装(配)备；安装 be fully/specially/poorly/well equipped装备齐全/独特/简陋/完好 完成句子 ‎(1)士兵们配备着最新式的武器。‎ The soldiers were_equipped_with the latest weapons.‎ ‎(2)我们使孩子们受到良好的教育。‎ We equip our children with_a_good_education.‎ ‎(3)我们为了北极探险而装备船只。‎ We equipped our ship for an Arctic expedition.‎ ‎(4)她装备齐全，准备登山。‎ She was_fully_equipped_for the climbing.‎ ‎5 Dr. Yuan is now circulating his knowledge in India,Vietnam and many other ‎ less developed countries to increase their rice harvests.（P10）‎ 拓展归纳 circulate sth. to sb.把……传递(送)给某人 circulate sth.使某物循环(流通)‎ circulation n．循环；运行，流通；传播 have a good/bad circulation流通(循环)好/不好 in circulation在流通(散布)‎ ‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)她死去的消息迅速传开。‎ The news of her death circulated quickly.‎ ‎(2)散布流言者该受谴责。‎ People who circulate_false_news are to be blamed.‎ ‎(3)有消息说美术老师要结婚了。‎ There_is_a_story_circulating that the art teacher is getting married.‎ ‎6Thanks to his research，the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.(P10) ‎ 拓展归纳 get rid of去掉，除去，摆脱 remind sb.of sth.让某人想起某事 inform sb. of sth.通知某人某事 rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人某物 cheat sb.of sth.骗取某人某物 ‎ ‎ because of，owing to，due to，as a result of，thanks to ‎(1)because of由于，因为，作状语，可置于句首，也可置于句子主干后。‎ ‎(2)owing to由于，作状语或表语，可置于句首，也可置于句子主干后。‎ ‎(3)due to由于，因为，作状语或表语，只能置于句子主干后，不能置于句首。‎ ‎(4)as a result of因为，由于，作状语，置于句子主干前后皆可。‎ ‎(5)thanks to由于，多亏。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ‎ 用恰当的动词填空 ‎(1)It is said that a tenminute fast walk can rid oneself of a low mood.‎ ‎(2)The old picture reminded him of his childhood.‎ ‎(3)Who can inform the director of the meeting?‎ 单项填空 ‎(4)________ his help，we can solve the problem.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ A．For B．Because C．Thanks to D．Due to 答案　C ‎(5)It’s acknowledged that the traffic accident was largely ________ the driver’s ‎ carelessness.‎ A．because of B．due to C．thanks to D．with a result of 答案　B ‎(6)________ our party’s reform policy，the economic situation of our country has already ________ much better than before.‎ A．Owing to；turned on B．Because of；turned over C．Despite；turned around D．Thanks to；turned out 答案　D ‎7Dr. Yuan is quite satisfied with his life.(P10) ‎ 拓展归纳 be satisfied with sb./sth.(＝be content/pleased with sb./sth.)对……满意 be satisfied that...对……感到满意的 satisfy vt.满足，满意，使……满意/满足 satisfy sb.使某人满意 satisfy one’s need for满足某人对……的需要 satisfied adj.满意的，满足的 satisfying adj.令人满意的 satisfaction n．满足，高兴；令人满意的事 satisfactory adj.令人满意的，圆满的 to one’s satisfaction(＝to the satisfaction of sb.)使某人满意的是 with satisfaction满意地 express one’s satisfaction with sb./sth.‎ 对某人/某物表示满意 用satisfy的适当形式填空 ‎(1)She’s never satisfied with what she has got.‎ ‎(2)Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does satisfies his boss.‎ ‎(3)He came in running with a satisfied smile on his face.‎ ‎(4)The work is satisfactory but not outstanding.‎ ‎(5)He was enjoying all the satisfactions of being a parent.‎ ‎8Dr. Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people.(P10) ‎ 拓展归纳 in hopes of(＝in/with the hope of)希望能 beyond (all) hope (of...)没有(……的)希望 without hope没有希望 hope for希望发生某种情况，希望得到……‎ hope for the best抱最好的希望，希望情况有最好的发展 完成句子 ‎(1)I called her early in_the_hope_of_catching_her (希望找到她) before she went to work.‎ ‎(2)There_is_little_hope (希望很渺茫)that they will be found alive.‎ ‎(3)He went to the city with_the_hope_of_making_much_money (满怀挣大钱的希 望)．‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1 Dr. Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.袁隆平博士种植的是被称为“超级杂交水稻”的稻种。‎ 用法点拨 what is called super hybrid rice是what引导的名词性从句，作grows的宾语，what在宾语从句中作主语。what引导名词性从句时可充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，表示事情、言语、人、样子、数量、时间和地点等。‎ The color of the flower is different from what it was in the morning.‎ 这朵花的颜色与它早晨时的不同。‎ What we can’t get seems better than what we have.‎ 我们不能得到的似乎比我们拥有的更好。‎ I’ll never forget what the headmaster said at the graduation party.‎ 我永远也忘不了毕业宴会上校长说的话。‎ After I waited for what seemed two hours，the opening ceremony finally began.‎ 在我等了似乎两个小时之后，开幕式终于开始了。‎ What is now the North Sahara was once a civilized world.‎ 现在是北部撒哈拉沙漠的地方曾是一个文明世界。‎ 句型转换 ‎(1)The thing that he referred to in his article was known to the general reader.‎ What he referred to in his article was known to the general reader.‎ ‎(2)China is no longer the country that it used to be fifty years ago.‎ China is no longer what it used to be fifty years ago.‎ ‎(3)His words at the meeting impressed all the audience.‎ What he said at the meeting impressed all the audience.‎ ‎2He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。‎ 用法点拨 would rather宁愿；宁可 ‎(1)would rather do...宁愿干某事，否定形式为would rather not do...。‎ I would rather not go by car.‎ 我宁愿不坐汽车去。‎ If you’d rather be alone，we’ll all leave here.‎ 如果你宁愿独自呆着，那我们都离开这儿。‎ ‎(2)would rather与than连用，可构成另一个惯用句式，即“would rather do...than do...”，意为“宁愿……(而)不愿……；与其……不如……”，用来表达主语的意愿，强调经过选择后做其中一件事，而不愿做另一件事。也可改写成“would do...rather than do...”，其用法及含义不变。‎ He would repair his car himself rather than ask for help.‎ 他宁愿自己修车也不愿意求助。‎ I’d rather take some tea than coffee.‎ 我宁愿喝些茶，而不要喝咖啡。(连接两个宾语some tea和coffee)‎ She’d rather be told about this tomorrow than now.‎ 她宁愿明天被告知这件事，而不要现在告诉她。(连接两个时间状语tomorrow和now)‎ 注意　would rather...than...有时为了表示语气上的强调，可将rather than置于句首。‎ Rather than get money in such a dishonest way，he would beg in the street.与其以那种不诚实的方式搞到钱，他宁愿在街上乞讨。(rather than连接get money in such a dishonest way和beg in the street)‎ ‎(3)would rather后也可跟从句，表示主语宁愿让某人干某事。这时，从句要用虚拟语气，即用一般过去时表示现在或将来要做的事；用过去完成时表示过去要做的事。‎ I’d rather you met her at the airport tomorrow morning.‎ 我希望你明天早上能在机场见到她。‎ I would rather you knew about it now，than afterwards.‎ 我宁愿你现在知道这件事，而不要以后才知道。‎ I’d rather you hadn’t told him the news that day.‎ 我真希望你那天没有把那个消息告诉他。‎ 翻译句子 ‎(1)今晚你最好呆在家里做作业。‎ You_would_rather_stay_at_home_and_do_your_homework_this_evening.‎ ‎(2)——你不愿意住在城里？‎ ‎——是的，我不愿意。‎ ‎—Wouldn’t_you_rather_live_in_the_city?‎ ‎—No，I_wouldn’t.‎ ‎(3)我宁愿没说过那种话。‎ I_would_rather_not_have_said_that.‎ ‎(4)我宁愿你明天来，不要今天来。‎ I_would_rather_you_came_tomorrow_than_today.‎ ‎3 Using his hybrid rice,farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.用他的杂交水稻种子，农民们种出的粮食比以前多了一倍。‎ 用法点拨 twice as large as是表示倍数的句型，意为“是……的多少倍”。“A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as B”表示A是B的几倍，倍数常用a quarter，half，twice，...times等。‎ This table is twice as big as that one.‎ 这张桌子是那张的两倍大。‎ We got three times as many people as we had expected.‎ 来的人数是我们预料的三倍。‎ You are not half as clever as you think you are!‎ 你没有你自己想像的一半聪明！‎ 拓展归纳 ‎(1)“...times(倍数)＋adj./adv.比较级＋than”也是表倍数的句型。‎ This table is twice bigger than that one.‎ 这张桌子比那张大两倍。‎ The number of the students in our school is three times larger than theirs.‎ 我们学校学生的人数比他们学校的人数多三倍。‎ ‎(2)“...times(倍数)＋the＋性质名词＋of...”也可表倍数，性质名词有size，length，width，height等。‎ This table is three times the size of that one.‎ 这张桌子是那张的三倍大。‎ The wall is twice the height of that one.‎ 这墙是那墙的两倍高。‎ 句型转换 ‎(1)This new road is 4 times as wide as the old one.‎ This new road is 4 times the width of the old one.‎ ‎(2)The output of cars in 2008 is 8 times that of 2006.‎ The output of cars in 2008 is 8 times what it was in 2006.‎ ‎(3)At least，the train runs five times faster than the boat.‎ At least，the train runs six times as fast as the boat.‎ ‎ ‎ 造福人类的先驱者 尽管是中国最著名的科学家之一，袁隆平仍然认为自己是个农民，因为他在田间耕作，进行科学研究。的确，他那被太阳晒得黝黑的脸庞和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又结实的身躯，就跟其他千百万中国农民一样，过去50年来，他一直在努力帮助他们。袁隆平博士种植的是被称为“超级杂交水稻”的稻种。1974年，他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先驱。这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获三分之一的产量成为可能。如今中国每年出产的稻米有60%以上出自这种杂交稻种。‎ 袁博士于1930年出生在一个贫穷的农民家庭，1953年毕业于西南农学院。从那时起，找到种植更多水稻的方法就成为他一生的目标。年轻时，他就看到了稻田增产的巨大需求。当时，饥荒是许多农村地区面临的一个令人不安的问题。袁博士要在不增加土地面积的基础上寻求达到增收稻米的途径。1950年，中国农民只能生产五千万吨稻米，而近来却生产了将近两亿吨稻米。这一粮食产量的增加意味着中国用仅仅占世界7%的耕地养活了世界22%的人口。袁博士现在在印度、越南和很多欠发达国家传播提高水稻产量的知识。由于他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中有了更多的方法。用他的杂交水稻种子，农民们种出的粮食比以前多了一倍。‎ 袁博士对生活非常满足。但是，他对成名并不关心，并且觉得出名后搞科研就不那么自由了。他宁愿把时间花在自己的业余爱好上。他喜欢听小提琴乐曲、打麻将、游泳和读书。在自己身上花钱或者享受舒适的生活对袁博士来说意义也不大。事实上，他认为一个人有了太多钱，他的麻烦事只会更多，而不是更少。于是，他拿出好几百万元帮助其他人进行农业科学研究。‎ 然而，梦想是不花本钱的。很久以前，袁博士曾在梦里看到水稻长得像高粱一样高，稻穗跟玉米穗一样大，而每粒稻米像花生米一般大。袁博士从梦中醒来，希望能种植一种能养活更多人的水稻。许多年后的今天，袁博士还有另外一个梦想：他的稻谷可以出口并长遍全 球。一个梦想并不足够，尤其对一个热爱和关心人民的人来说更是如此。 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．He is sunburnt (晒黑的)from a day on the beach.‎ ‎2．The human beings struggle (斗争)with the environment.‎ ‎3．He has been working hard in the field for decades (几十年)on end.‎ ‎4．The month output (产量) of the factory has increased by 10%.‎ ‎5．The document will be circulated (传给)to all the members.‎ ‎6．He did it simply out of hunger.‎ ‎7．The business has expanded from having one office to twelve.‎ ‎8．They can’t afford to equip their laboratories because of lack of funds.‎ ‎9．Please bring in every single grain.‎ ‎10．Wool is one of the chief exports of Australia.‎ Ⅱ.词语填空 export，exchange，rid，struggle，supply，reduce，confuse，expand，circulate，equip ‎1．This is a laboratory equipped for atomic research，where you can make a good study of atomic energy.‎ ‎2．The government is doing its best to_supply the people in the flooded area with necessary food，medicine and clothes.‎ ‎3．At the conference the scientists exchanged their new discoveries with each other.‎ ‎4．SoutheasternAsian countries export different kinds of fruit every year.‎ ‎5．Some less developed countries are eager to_rid themselves of poverty (贫穷)．‎ ‎6．The Nobel Prize winner is now giving lectures around the world to_circulate what he knows in his field.‎ ‎7．Many schools are interested in expanding their campus (校园) to meet the need of more and more students.‎ ‎8．The sheep fell into the river，struggling in it for long.‎ ‎9．He couldn’t make himself clearly.As a matter of fact，he made us more confused.‎ ‎10．Our government is trying to_reduce the burden (负担) on farmers.‎ Ⅲ.句型转换 ‎1．Making a speech in English is not easy for me.‎ It is not easy for me to make a speech in English.‎ ‎2．To going back home，she prefers staying at school.‎ She prefers to stay at school rather than go back home.‎ ‎3．The number of the employees has fallen from 1,000 to 800.‎ The number of the employees has been reduced by 20%.‎ ‎4．No matter what you think，you must apologize to the customer.‎ Whatever you think，you must make an apology to the customer.‎ ‎5．You should look it up in the dictionary when you are not too sure about an idiom.‎ You should refer to the dictionary when you are not too sure about an idiom.‎ ‎6．Great changes have taken place in the past 10 years.‎ Great changes have taken place during the past decade.‎ ‎7．She completed her courses for a degree in law in Cambridge.‎ She graduated from Cambridge with a degree in law.‎ ‎8．He is not only a talented musician but also a photographer.‎ He is a photographer as well as a talented musician.‎ ‎9．Are you content with your present salary?‎ Are you satisfied with your present salary?‎ ‎10．I’m very tired after such a long walk.‎ I’m exhausted after such a long walk.‎ Ⅳ.用适当的介词填空 ‎1．It was thanks to his advice that I succeeded.‎ ‎2．Her dress got caught on a rose bush，and she tore it when she tried to free it from the thorns(刺)．‎ ‎3．Western food is rich in fat and sugar and is not healthy food.‎ ‎4．How can I rid the house of rats?‎ ‎5．They struggled against/with the invaders for national independence.‎ ‎6．His evening study has equipped him for a career as an electrical engineer.‎ ‎7．We reduced the price by 10 percent.‎ ‎8．Every day the farmers supply fresh vegetables to the workers.That is to say，they supply the workers with fresh vegetables every day.‎ ‎9．The medical workers have made up their minds to devote themselves to finding a new cure for cancer.‎ ‎10．To the students’ surprise，the professor nodded with/in satisfaction.‎ Ⅴ.完成句子 ‎1．Are_you_satisfied_with_the_flat (你对这套房间满意吗)？If not，I’ll try to find a better one for you.‎ ‎2．Though they are old，they_lead_an_active_life (但是生活得很活跃)．‎ ‎3．The reading room is_not_equipped_with (没有配备) an air conditioner.‎ ‎4．The boy said he would_rather_not_join (宁可不参加) us in the outing this time.‎ ‎5．I knew she was_referring_to_me (指的是我) when she spoke of a delightful young lady.‎ ‎6．The number of the words in the report should_be_reduced_to_800(应减少到八百)．‎ ‎7．Whatever_happens (不管发生什么事情)，we’ll complete the work on time.‎ ‎8．He raised his voice trying to_make_himself_heard_by_those_at_the_back (想让后面的人听到他所说的话)．‎ Ⅵ.单项填空　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎1．He gave me a ________ smile.‎ A．satisfied B．satisfying C．satisfies D．satisfaction 答案　A 解析　形容人的面部表情用ed形式的形容词。又如：his surprised look他吃惊的表情。‎ ‎2．We students should ________ ourselves with knowledge for the competition nowadays is very fierce.‎ A．supply B．equip C．relate D．feed 答案　B 解析　equip sb. with sth.用某物武装、装备某人。句意为：我们学生应该用知识武装自己因为现在竞争非常激烈。‎ ‎3．If you want to improve yourself，you’ll first have to ________ yourself of those shortcomings that can become barriers to progress.‎ A．remove B．cut C．reduce D．rid 答案　D 解析　句意为：如果你想提高自己的话，你首先要改掉那些阻碍进步的缺点。remove除掉；去除，常与from连用，构成remove...from...；cut削减；删除；reduce减少。‎ ‎4．Life was difficult for her，but she ________ to make ends meet.‎ A．fought B．made C．struggled D．covered 答案　C 解析　句意为：生活对她来说很艰难，但她努力使收支相抵。fight战斗；make制造，且后面接省略to的不定式；cover覆盖，而struggle后面可以接不定式，表示“努力做某事”；故选C。‎ ‎5．Before liberation，people in China ________ a very hard ________.‎ A．lead；life B．led；life C．earned；life D．made；life 答案 　B 解析　句意为：解放以前，中国人民过着非常艰苦的生活。因为解放前是一个过去的时间，所以要用过去时，可以先排除A；选项C、D的搭配应该为earn/make a living，都意为“谋生”；“过着怎样的生活”应该用lead a．..life，故选B。‎ ‎6．All flights have been put off ________ the fierce typhoon.‎ A．for the sake of B．as a result C．thanks to D．because 答案　C 解析　句意为：由于凶猛的台风，所有的航班都推迟了。for the sake of表示目的，意为“为了……”；as a result表示“作为……的结果；由于……”，后接名词时应加介词of；thanks to表示“多亏了；由于”；because后引导从句。 ‎ ‎7．The murderer was brought in，with his hands ________ behind his back.‎ A．being tied B．having tied C．to be tied D．tied 答案　D 解析　本题考查with＋名词/代词＋分词＋介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语常用with来引导。由于本句中名词“手”与“绑”是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选D。‎ ‎8．________ chemistry，the girl would take up biology at university.‎ A．Other than learning B．Rather than learn C．Instead of learning D．Except learning 答案　B 解析　空格处与后面的would take up构成would do...rather than do...的搭配。本句把rather than learn提到句首了。‎ ‎9．—I’m going out tonight.‎ ‎—Well，I’d rather you ________.‎ A．aren’t B．don’t C．won’t D．didn’t 答案　D 解析　主要考查would rather后接从句的用法。would rather＋从句表示主语宁愿让某人去做某事，后面的从句要用虚拟语气。用一般过去时表示现在或将来要做的事，用过去完成时表示过去要做的事。由“I’m going out tonight.”可知，应选D。‎ ‎10．Young people have a strong ________ for new things.‎ A．thirst B．hunger C．eager D．willing 答案　B 解析　have a．..hunger for对……有渴望，渴望得到……。C、D项只能用于be eager/willing to do句式。‎ ‎11．Some food is not very good for health，for it doesn’t contain necessary ________.‎ A．nutrition B．fat C．water D．calories 答案　A 解析　不含有必需的营养才对健康没有很多好处。‎ ‎12．It is ________ that the team will lose the match，for they haven’t had good training recently.‎ A．suitable B．right C．sure D．certain 答案　D 解析　后面说“他们最近没有得到好的训练”，故前面应说“这支球队肯定要输掉这场比赛”，而不是适合。sure不能用于it is sure that句式。‎ ‎13．________ industrial and agricultural products can increase a country’s income.‎ A．Expanding B．Exporting C．Buying D．Introducing 答案　B 解析　句意为：出口工农业产品能增加国家的收入。‎ ‎14．Don’t ________ Australia with Austria.They are two different countries.‎ A．confuse B．supply C．deal D．keep 答案　A 解析　confuse...with...把……和……混淆。后面说：它们是两个不同的国家，故前面应说“别把澳大利亚和奥地利混淆了”。‎ Ⅶ.完形填空 The amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world.__1__springs and streams sometimes means control，particularly in the__2__areas like the desert.The control is possible even without possession of large areas of__3__land.In the early days of the American West，gun fights were not__4__for the water resources(资源)，and laws had to be __5__to protect the water rights of the__6__and the use of the water resources accordingly.‎ ‎__7__is known to us all，there is not__8__water in all places for everyone to use as much as he likes.Deciding on the __9__of water that will be used in any particular period__10__careful planning，so that people can manage and use water more__11__.Farmers have to change their use of or demand for water__12__the water supply forecast(预报)．‎ The__13__water supply forecast is based more on the water from the__14__than ‎ from the below.Interest is__15__in the ways to increase rainfall by manmade methods，and to get water from the winter snow on mountain__16__.With special equipment，some scientists are studying the ways in which the mountain snow can be__17__，and with the help of a repeater station，they send the__18__data(数据)to the base station.The operator at the base station can get the data at any time by__19__a button.In the near future，the forecast and use of water__20__probably depend on the advanced knowledge of snow on mountains，not of water underground.‎ ‎1．A.Using B．Holding C．Owning D．Finding 答案　C 解析　文章第一句便点题“在全世界可以使用的水的总量一直是人们感兴趣的”，故引起下文“拥有泉水或溪流有时意味着控制”，故选C项。‎ ‎2．A.dry B．distant C．deserted D．wild 答案　A 解析　因为下文提到like the desert所以此处为dry areas。‎ ‎3．A.fine B．beautiful C．rich D．farming 答案　C 解析　rich land译为“富饶肥沃的土地”，本句暗示出“人们控制水要比拥有富饶肥沃的土地还重要”。‎ ‎4．A.unlawful B．unacceptable C．unpopular D．uncommon 答案　D 解析　uncommon译为“不寻常的”，本句中not uncommon即为common来说明为争水而引起争斗或打仗是常事，可见水是重要的。‎ ‎5．A.made B．designed C．signed D．written 答案　A 解析　make laws to do制订法律做……。‎ ‎6．A.winners B．settlers C．fighters D．supporters 答案　B 解析　settlers译为“外来殖民者”。‎ ‎7．A.That B．It C．What D．As 答案　D 解析　as作为关系代词引导非限制性定语从句。‎ ‎8．A.plentiful B．enough C．any D．much 答案　B 解析　由上文可知水并不是像人们想的那样用之不尽，取之不竭的，因此“there is not enough water...”。‎ ‎9．A.type B．quality C．amount D．level 答案　C 解析　the amount of...……的数量/总量。‎ ‎10．A.requests B．requires C．means D．suggests 答案　B 解析　require要求，根据上下文可知用水要有计划地节约使用。‎ ‎11．A.effectively B．easily C．conveniently D．actively 答案　A 解析　根据上下文可知应选effectively，译为“有效地”。‎ ‎12．A.leading to B．due to C．owing to D．according to 答案　D 解析　according to介词短语，意为“根据”。‎ ‎13．A.correct B．further C．average D．early 答案　A 解析　correct water suply forecast中的correct译为“正确的或准确的”。‎ ‎14．A.clouds B．sky C．air D．above 答案　D 解析　该空与上文below相对使用，故填above。‎ ‎15．A.raising B．rising C．building D．lasting 答案　B 解析　rising表示增加，此空需填不及物动词。‎ ‎16．A.rocks B．tips C．tops D．trees 答案　C 解析　mountain tops山顶上。‎ ‎17．A.taken care of B．made use of C．piled up D．saved up 答案　B 解析　make use of固定词组，译为“使用，利用”。‎ ‎18．A.picked B．produced C．used D．gathered 答案　D 解析　gathered一词译为“收集到的”，过去分词作定语。‎ ‎19．A.touching B．knocking C．pressing D．turning 答案　C 解析　press a button按开关。‎ ‎20．A.might B．can C．will D．should 答案　C 解析　用情态动词will更含有一种趋势，可能性。‎ Period Two　Learning about Language v．ing形式作主语和宾语 动词的ing形式既是现在分词形式，也是动名词形式。作为动名词，它具有动词的基本性质，因而可以有状语修饰它，及物动词的动名词还应有宾语，从而构成动名词短语；它也具有名词的基本性质，因而在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语等。‎ 一、动名词形式作主语 ‎1．v.ing形式直接作主语，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，在口语中也可以表示具体的动作，通常直接置于句首。‎ Reading aloud is a good way in learning languages.‎ 大声朗读是学习语言的一个好办法。‎ Wasting a person’s time is the same as killing him for his property.‎ 浪费别人的时间无异于谋财害命。‎ ‎2．it作形式主语，v.ing形式放在其后。‎ It is no use crying over spilt milk.‎ 覆水难收。‎ It is no good learning without practice.‎ 只学习而不实践是不好的。‎ It is a waste of time arguing about it.‎ 争辩此事是浪费时间。‎ It is worthwhile making the experiment.‎ 做这个实验是值得的。‎ ‎3．在“There be＋v.ing形式”结构中作主语。‎ There is no joking about such matters.‎ 这种事开不得玩笑。‎ There is no point doing such a silly thing.‎ 做这件傻事毫无意义。‎ 二、动名词形式作宾语 ‎1．v.ing形式作动词的宾语。可接动名词作宾语的动词有enjoy，include，excuse，practise，advise，suggest，mind，delay，forbid，keep，consider，miss，finish，appreciate，can’t help(禁不住)，risk，admit，imagine等。‎ Mary is considering changing her job.‎ 玛丽正在考虑换工作。‎ Xiao Wu suggests spending the evening with the workers.‎ 小吴提议今晚和工人们一起过。‎ He admitted making a serious mistake.‎ 他承认犯了一个严重错误。‎ Can you imagine living alone on a wild island?‎ 你能想像单独生活在一个荒凉野岛上是什么样子吗？‎ ‎2．在下面的短语中，动名词常用作介词的宾语：be good at，dream of，care about，devote...to，be concerned about，look forward to，be interested in，be used to，feel like，insist on，object to，think of，give up，aim at，put off，set about，stick to，apply to，succeed in...，owing to，pay attention to等。‎ I have never dreamed of visiting that place.‎ 我从未幻想过要参观那个地方。‎ I feel like going to the movie this evening.‎ 今晚我想去看电影。‎ I’ve been looking forward to hearing from you.‎ 我一直盼望着能收到你的来信。‎ ‎3．既可接v.ing，又可接动词不定式作宾语，意义差别不大的有：hate，like，prefer，attempt，begin，start，continue，intend等。‎ Price will continue to rise/rising.‎ 物价将持续上涨。‎ What do you intend to do/doing next?‎ 你下一步打算做什么？‎ ‎4．接v.ing形式和动词不定式作宾语，但意义差别较大的词或词组有：‎ stop to do sth.停下来去做某事stop doing sth.停止做某事 mean to do sth.想要做某事mean doing sth.意味着做某事 try to do sth.努力/企图要做某事try doing sth.试着做某事(看会发生什么) be afraid to do sth.不敢做某事be afraid of doing sth.害怕发生……‎ allow/permit/advise＋sb. to do sth.允许(建议)某人做某事doing sth.允许(建议)做某事 remember doing sth.记得做了某事remember to do sth.记住要去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记做了某事forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事 regret doing sth.后悔做了某事regret to do sth.遗憾要去做某事 go on to do sth.继续做(另外一件事)go on doing sth.继续做(原先没有做完的事) I remember to mail the letter but forget buying the stamp.‎ 我记得去寄信可忘了已买邮票了。‎ Please stop working and have a rest.‎ 请停下工作，休息一下。‎ ‎5．下列动词可接v.ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。‎ need/want/require/deserve doing(＝need/want/require/deserve to be done)‎ This small room needs painting.(＝This small room needs to be painted)．‎ 这个小房间需要粉刷了。‎ The sick woman required examining.(＝The sick woman required to be examined.)‎ 这位生病的妇女需要接受检查。‎ 三、动名词的复合结构 ‎1．带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词前加物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。其中物主代词(名词所有格)是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词的复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等。‎ Her coming to help encouraged all of us.‎ 她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。‎ Mary’s coming late made her teacher angry.‎ 玛丽迟到使她的老师很生气。‎ Jane’s being careless caused so much trouble.‎ 简这么粗心惹来了不少麻烦。‎ What’s troubling them is their not having enough food.‎ 困扰他们的问题是食物不足。‎ ‎2．在口语中，如果动名词的复合结构作宾语，其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格，名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替，但在句首作主语时不能这样来代替。‎ Can you imagine him/Jack cooking at home?‎ 你能想像他/杰克在家做饭的样子吗？‎ The father insisted on his son’s/his son going to college.‎ 爸爸坚持要求儿子上大学。‎ Mary’s(不可用Mary)being ill made her mother upset.‎ 玛丽病了，这使她妈妈很着急。‎ His(不可用Him)smoking made his family angry.‎ 他抽烟，这使他家人非常生气。‎ ‎3‎ ‎．如果动名词的逻辑主语是无生命的事物或是有生命名词但表示泛指意义时，则要用名词的普通格或人称代词宾格。‎ The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.‎ 这个婴儿被猛烈的关门声吵醒了。‎ The sound of desks being opened and closed could be heard out in the street.‎ 书桌的开关声在街上都能听到。‎ Have you ever heard of women practising boxing?‎ 你听说过妇女练拳击吗？‎ ‎4．there be的动名词的复合结构为there being。‎ What’s the chance of there being a storm tomorrow?‎ 明天有暴风雨的可能性有多大？‎ 四、动名词的时态和语态 动名词的时态和语态如下表所示：‎ ‎ 语态 时态　　　 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 writing being written 完成式 having written having been written 其否定形式是在doing前加not ‎1.动名词的一般式表示的动作通常是一般性的，即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作，或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。‎ I hate talking with such people.‎ 我讨厌与这样的人说话。‎ She dreams of becoming a teacher.‎ 她梦想成为一名教师。‎ She enjoys playing the piano.‎ 她喜欢弹钢琴。‎ ‎2．动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。‎ I am very pleased at your having been honoured with a medal.‎ 我很高兴你能获得一枚奖牌。‎ He was praised for having done a good deed.‎ 他因做了好事而受到表扬。‎ 注意　有些动词如admit，forget，remember，deny，apologize，regret，thank等以及介词after等后面的动名词可用一般式表达完成式的意义。‎ I forgot meeting her(＝having met her) in the park.‎ 我忘记了曾在公园里见过她。‎ After reading your letter，I realized I had misunderstood you.在读了你的信之后，我才意识 到我误解了你。‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．This story is not suitable (合适的)for young children.‎ ‎2．In an invoice the amount (数量)of money should be written both in words and in figures.‎ ‎3．Most people prefer organic (有机的)vegetables.‎ ‎4．He tried to rid (摆脱)himself of debts.‎ ‎5．He is developing (发展)into a good soldier.‎ ‎6．The human being struggles (斗争)with his environment.‎ ‎7．Rumours began to circulate (传播)about his financial problems.‎ ‎8．He equipped (装备)himself for a long journey.‎ ‎9．The blood exports waste products from the tissues.‎ ‎10．Grain is used for making flour.‎ Ⅱ.用所给动词的适当形式填空 ‎1．All the boys are looking forward to going (go) forward to_feed (feed) the animals.‎ ‎2．The bird was lucky and it just missed being_caught (catch)．‎ ‎3．I always prefer to_start (start) early rather than leave (leave) everything to the last minute.‎ ‎4．Walking (walk) is a good form of exercise for both men and women.‎ ‎5．While shopping women sometimes can’t help being_persuaded (persuade) into buying more clothes than necessary.‎ ‎6．—What made Jane so upset?‎ ‎—Losing (lose) the ring her husband bought her for her birthday.‎ ‎7．Once your business becomes international，flying (fly) constantly will be part of your life.‎ ‎8．Do you think it of any use arguing (argue) with him any more？We are wasting our time trying (try) to persuade him to give up the idea.‎ ‎9．Finding (find) a job in such a big company has always been beyond his wildest dream.‎ ‎10．—Maybe you’ve forgotten to_post (post) my letter.‎ ‎—How could I？I remember putting (put) it into the letter box.‎ Ⅲ.短文填空 I used to like to go to our local cinema.It was old and rather uncomfortable，but it was special.Now they’ve stopped 1.showing (show) films there.The owner would like to go on 2.running (run) the cinema，but he couldn’t afford 3.to_make (make) a lot of improvements，which would mean 4.spending (spend) tens of thousands of pounds.I remember 5.watching (watch) the last film at the cinema.It was a murder mystery.It was five minutes before the end，and we were trying 6.to_work (work) out who was the murderer when suddenly all the lights went out and the film stopped.We sat in the dark for a few minutes，and then the owner appeared with a torch.“I regret 7.to_tell (tell) you”，he said.“that our electricity has failed.I don’t mean 8.to_disappoint (disappoint) you，but I’m afraid we can’t show you the end of the film.We’ve tried 9.phoning (phone) the electricity company，but they say they can’t help.”He went on 10.to_explain (explain) to the audience how the film ended.I didn’t understand the story.But I don’t regret 11.going (go) to the cinema on that last evening.‎ Ⅳ.句型转换 ‎1．Would you mind if I stay away from the conference?‎ Would you mind my/me staying away from the conference?‎ ‎2．Alice was ill，which made her mother worried a lot.‎ Alice’s being ill made her mother worried a lot.‎ ‎3．It was very slow to drive to the office this morning because of the traffic.‎ Driving to the office was very slow this morning because of the traffic.‎ ‎4．I prefer him to paint the door blue.‎ I prefer that he paint the door blue.‎ ‎5．You must do it well whatever you do.‎ You must do it well no matter what you do.‎ ‎6．Dr. Yuan would work the land than do research in a big city.‎ Dr. Yuan would work the land rather than do research in a big city.‎ ‎7．Jane Goodall decided to live in Gombe National Park so as to make a deep study of the chimp.‎ Jane Goodall decided to live in Gombe National Park so that she could make a deep study of the chimp.‎ ‎8．That Sunday the student came to the professor，hoping to get some advice from him.‎ That Sunday the student came to the professor with the hope of getting some advice from him.‎ Ⅴ.完成句子 ‎1．Dr. Yuan Longping is_still_working_his_land (仍然在耕着田地) and doing his research into hybrid rice.‎ ‎2．She struggled_along_the_road (在公路上挣扎) to her home.‎ ‎3．As time goes，Dr. Yuan is_getting/becoming_more_and_more_famous (变得越来越著名)．‎ ‎4．China can produce much more rice than before thanks_to/because_of_Yuan_Longping’s_‎ contributions (由于袁隆平的贡献)．‎ ‎5．Now many people are_living_a_happy_and_comfortable_life (过着幸福而舒适的生活)．‎ ‎6．If you don’t work hard，you won’t get what_you_wish_for/hope_for (你希望得到的)．‎ ‎7．Wuxi is_rich_in_fish_and_rice (鱼米之乡)．‎ ‎8．He kept_the_table_free_from_dirt (使餐桌不蒙上灰尘) by putting a cover over it.‎ Ⅵ.单项填空　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎1．I know he didn’t listen to me，but I went on ________ to get him ________ in the project.‎ A．to hope；interesting B．to hope；interested C．hoping；interested D．hoping；interesting 答案　C 解析　go on doing sth.继续做某事；get sb. interested in...使得某人对……感兴趣，interested用以修饰人。‎ ‎2．Seeing the funny scene，I can’t help ________.‎ A．laugh B．to laugh C．laughing D．laughed 答案　C 解析　can’t help doing禁不住干某事。can’t help (to) do不能帮助干某事，由题意可知应选C。‎ ‎3．We look forward every spring to ________ the flowerlined garden.‎ A．walking in B．walk in C．visit D．paying a visit 答案　A 解析　look forward to盼望……，期盼……，其中的to为介词，后跟动名词(短语)作宾语。D项虽为doing形式，但是visit后应加介词to。‎ ‎4．The girl said that she had never dreamt of ________ a volunteer.‎ A．be B．to be C．being D．is 答案　C 解析　dream of梦想；向往，介词of后应跟v.ing形式作宾语。‎ ‎5．________，I failed in the driving test.‎ A．To my joy B．To my sad C．To my happy D．To my regret 答案　D 解析　to one’s＋n.结构表“令某人……的是”，B、C本身形式不对，另由题意可知D为正确选项。‎ ‎6．—I hear Johnson was badly injured in the earthquake.‎ ‎—________，let’s go and see him.‎ A．What’s more B．If so C．Where possible D．When necessary 答案　B 解析　what’s more而且，更有甚者；where possible有可能的地方；when necessary有必要的时候；if so如果那样的话，表示如果前面的情况是真的。由答语的后半句可知是要去看他，所以应选B，表示Johnson如果在地震中真的受了重伤的话。‎ ‎7．I have to go to work on foot，for my bike needs ________.‎ A．repair B．to repair C．repairing D．being repaired 答案　C 解析　need作“需要”讲时，后跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。类似用法的词还有want，require等。‎ ‎8．________ with the pay，the young man decided to change his job.‎ A．Being not satisfied B．Not being satisfied C．Not satisfying D．Not satisfied 答案　D 解析　形容词化了的过去分词作原因状语。句意为：由于对报酬不满意，那位年轻人决定换工作。‎ ‎9．I wouldn’t advise ________ there by bus，because it is too crowded.‎ A．go B．to go C．to going D．going 答案　D 解析　advise后的动词用doing。‎ ‎10．In England as early as the ________ century young people enjoyed ________ ‎ soccer.‎ A．twelfth；playing B．twelveth；playing C．twelfth；to play D．twelveth；to play 答案　A 解析　twelve的序数词是twelfth。enjoy后的动词用动名词形式。‎ ‎11．—What makes him so happy?‎ ‎—________ a prize in the computer contest.‎ A．Because of winning B．For he won C．Winning D．He won 答案　C 解析　回答what用动名词，作省略句的主语。‎ ‎12．Do you remember ________ a ruler from Betty？Don’t forget ________ it to her tomorrow.‎ A．borrowing；to return B．borrowing；returning C．to borrow；to return D．to borrow；returning 答案　A 解析　第一空填borrowing，表示“你还记得从Betty那里借过一把尺子吗？”；第二空填to return，表示“别忘了明天还给她。”。‎ ‎13．—By the way，when did you get your room ________？‎ ‎—Last year.‎ A．painting B．painted C．to paint D．to be painted 答案　B 解析　get sth. done的搭配。‎ Ⅶ.阅读理解 The agriculture revolution in the nineteenth century involved two things：the invention of laboursaving machinery and the development of scientific agriculture.Laboursaving machinery naturally appeared first where labour was scarce：“In Europe，”said Thomas Jefferson，“the object is to take the most of their land，labour being more than enough；here it is to make the most of our labor，land being more than enough.”It was in the United States，therefore，that the great advance in the nineteenth century agriculture machinery first came.‎ At the opening of the century，with the exception of a crude plow，farmers could have carried practically all of the existing agricultural tools on their backs；by 1860，most of the machinery in use today had been designed in an early form.The most important of the early inventions was the iron plow.As early as 1790 Charles Newbold of New Jersey had been working on the idea of a castiron plow and spent his entire fortune in introducing his invention.The farmers，however，were not interested in it，claiming that the iron poisoned the soil and weeds grew.Nevertheless，many people developed their attention to the plow，until 1869 James Oliver of South Bend，India，turned out the first chilledsteel plow.‎ ‎1．What is the main topic of the passage?‎ A．The need for an agriculture advance to help to feed a growing population.‎ B．The development of a saver machinery demanded by the labor movement.‎ C．Machinery that contributed to the agriculture revolution.‎ D．New Jersey as a leader in the agriculture revolution.‎ 答案　C 解析　文章主要讲的是农业机械对农业的促进作用。‎ ‎2．Which of the following can be inferred from what Thomas Jefferson said in the first paragraph?‎ A．Europe was changing more quickly than the United States.‎ B．Europe had greater need of farm machinery than the United States did.‎ C．The United States was finally running out of good farmland.‎ D．There was a shortage of workers on the United States’ farms.‎ 答案　D 解析　在欧洲，人多地少；然而在美国，人少地多。‎ ‎3．Why did the farmers reject Newbold’s plow?‎ A．Their horses were frightened by it.‎ B．They preferred lighter tools.‎ C．It was too expensive.‎ D．They thought it would ruin the land.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。从最后一段倒数第二句可以找到相关依据。‎ ‎4．Which of the following inventions came first?‎ A．The chilledsteel plow. B．The castiron plow.‎ C．The iron plow. D．The crude plow.‎ 答案　D 解析　农业铁犁的诞生顺序应为：原始犁——铁犁——铸铁犁——淬钢犁。‎ Ⅷ.阅读填空 ‎__1__They decorate (装饰) the walls of homes and are used in stores for sales of different goods.The news is filled with pictures of fires, floods, and special events.Photos record the beauties of nature.They can also bring things close that are far away.Through photos, people can see wild animals, cities in foreign lands, and even the stars in outer space.‎ ‎__2__ Reporting the news through photos is called photojournalism.At times photojournalists tell their stories through a single picture.At other times, they use a group of pictures to tell a story.Each picture is like a chapter in a book, which can do more than record the facts.‎ ‎__3__ Jacob Riis was among the first photojournalists.He took pictures of parts of New York City where the poor lived.Riis believed that poverty (贫穷) caused crime, and he used photos to help him prove his point.A few years later, the photos of small children working in factories by Lewis Hine shocked the public.Hine’s pictures helped bring about laws to protect such children.‎ Hundreds of pictures may have to be taken in order to get one or two really good photos.It takes science to have the photo come out clearly and art to make a photo that has a good design and expresses feeling.Photojournalists make an actual record of what they see.__4__ It can record an important event as a beautiful or exciting picture.‎ ‎__5__Today photojournalists still have their pictures appear in newspapers and magazines.They also publish (发表) them in books and on the Internet.‎ A．It can also be a strong force for social change.‎ B．Photos help people improve.‎ C．A photo, however, can be both a work of art and an actual record.‎ D．Photos are also works of art.‎ E．Photos also tell stories.‎ F．Photographs are everywhere.‎ G．As historical and artistic documents (文献), photos can become more important over time.‎ 答案　1.F　2.E　3.A　4.C　5.G Period Three　Using Language ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1It is important to explain this again or we will confuse the students.(P13) ‎ 拓展归纳 confuse sb.使某人困惑(糊涂)‎ be confused by sth.被某(事)物搞糊涂了 become/get confused困惑，不知所措 confuse...with/and...把……和……混淆 confuse black with white混淆黑白 confusable adj.会被混淆的，会被弄糊涂的 confused adj.困惑的，不知所措的；混乱的 confusing adj.令人困惑的，难以理解的 confusion n．[U]混乱，混淆；困惑 ‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)这个难题使他困惑。‎ The difficult question confused_him.‎ ‎(2)人们被大量的信息搞糊涂了。‎ People were_confused_by a lot of information.‎ ‎(3)我把她和她妹妹弄错了，因为她们长得太像了。‎ I confused_her_with_her_sister because they were so alike.‎ ‎2regret(P13) ‎ 拓展归纳 regret to do sth.遗憾/抱歉要去做……(do动词一般是say，tell，inform，announce等这样的词)‎ regret doing sth.后悔曾经做过某事 regret not to have done sth.后悔没做过某事 regret that...遗憾/后悔……‎ have no regrets没有遗憾 It is a matter for/of regret that...令人遗憾的是……‎ It is to be regretted that...使人遗憾的是……‎ to one’s regret(对某人而言)可惜的是 用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎(1)He bitterly regretted ever having_mentioned (mention) it.‎ ‎(2)I regret to_say (say) that I’m unable to accept your kind invitation.‎ ‎(3)I have no regrets (regret) about leaving Newcastle.‎ ‎(4)Emma shook her head regretfully (regret) when she heard the result.‎ ‎3A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy.(P14) ‎ ‎ 拓展归纳 reduce (...)to...(把……)减少到……‎ reduce (...)by...(把……)减少了……‎ reduce sth. to...使……成为(某种状态)‎ reduce sb. to (doing) sth.迫使某人陷入(不佳状态)；使某人不得不……‎ reduction n．减少，缩减；折扣，减价 reductive adj.减少的；缩减的 完成句子 ‎(1)商店已经降低了商品的价格，所以现在是买东西的好时候。‎ They’ve reduced_the_prices in the shop，so it’s good time to buy.‎ ‎(2)她的体重减轻了5千克。‎ She reduced_her_weight by 5 kilograms.‎ ‎(3)炸弹使该市成为废墟。‎ The bombs reduced the city to_ruins.‎ ‎(4)她见到那情景便哭了起来。‎ She was_reduced_to_tears at the sight.‎ ‎4These chemicals in the food supply build up in people’s bodies over time.(P14) ‎ ‎ ‎ build up，put up，set up ‎(1)build up逐步建立，建造，建设，常指建造较大的物体。‎ ‎(2)put up着重指建造、搭起一个具有高度的具体的物体，口语中set up和build也有此意。‎ ‎(3)set up开办，建立，常和表示组织、机构、团体等意义的名词连用，与found基本相同，但found更着重打基础。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)各方面的压力越来越大，他因负荷太重有好几个星期没上班了。‎ All the pressure built_up and he was off work for weeks with stress.‎ ‎(2)试试让他增进对自己的信心。‎ Try and build_up_his_confidence a bit.‎ ‎(3)他们的话在面试后增强了我的信心。‎ Their words built_up my confidence after the interview.‎ ‎(4)在十年拼搏后他们建立了这家公司。‎ They built_up_this_company after ten years’ struggle.‎ ‎5Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.(P14) ‎ 拓展归纳 lead sb. to...引导某人去……(地方)‎ lead sb. to do sth.引导某人做某事 lead a．..life过……的生活 result from产生于；因……引起 lie in在于，由于 have a good lead over领先于 完成句子 ‎(1)这条小路通到那个村庄。‎ The path leads_to the village.‎ ‎(2)我们的产品仍领先于我们的竞争者。‎ Our product has_a_good_lead_over our competitor’s.‎ ‎(3)我们队在前半场领先。‎ Our team was in_the_lead at halftime.‎ ‎(4)什么使你相信我病了？‎ What_led_you_to_believe I was ill?‎ ‎6They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease.(P14) ‎ 拓展归纳 come into focus(某物)轮廓明显，清晰；(问题)突出 in focus焦距对准；清晰 out of focus焦距没对准；模糊 the focus of attention注意力的中心；焦点 focus on(＝concentrate on)注意；关注 focus a camera/telescope on/upon 使照相机、望远镜聚焦于 focus/fix/concentrate one’s attention/mind/eyes on/upon 使某人的注意力/心思/眼睛专注于 用focus on的适当形式填空 ‎(1)The discussion focuses_on three main problems.‎ ‎(2)All his attention was_focused_on one thing only—how to solve the problem of water shortage.‎ ‎(3)In the scene，the camera focused_on the actor’s face.‎ ‎7 Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil,and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next year’s crop.(P14)‎ 拓展归纳 stop sb. (from) doing sth.阻止某人做某事 keep sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事 protect sb. from...保护某人不受……侵袭 keep sb. doing sth.让某人一直做某事 完成句子 ‎(1)大雨使我们无法外出。‎ The heavy rain stopped/prevented_us_(from)_going_out.‎ ‎(2)妈妈不让我单独外出。‎ Mother kept_me_from going out alone.‎ ‎(3)雨伞可以保护你不被雨淋。‎ The umbrella can protect you from the rain.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1 Recently,however,scientists have been finding that longterm use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and,even more dangerous,to people’s health.然而，最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。‎ 用法点拨 ‎(1)have been finding是现在完成进行时。现在完成进行时与现在完成时是有区别的，前者说明动作从过去某段时间到现在一直进行着，而且有可能还将持续下去；后者强调的是一个完成的动作，用于说明动作的结果，而不是动作本身。‎ John has been painting the ceiling.‎ 约翰一直在粉刷天花板。‎ John has painted the ceiling.‎ 约翰把天花板粉刷完了。‎ ‎(2)本句中的情态动词can表示理论的可能性。肯定句中，can可以表示客观的(理论的)可能性，并不涉及具体某事是否会发生，此种用法常常可以说明人或事物的特征；要表达具体某事实际发生的可能性时，不可用can，须用could，may，might。‎ Accidents can happen on such rainy days.‎ 这种下雨的天气可能会发生事故。(客观的可能性)‎ Peter may come with us tonight，but he isn’t sure yet.‎ 彼得今晚可能和我们一起来，但他还没确定。(实际可能性，不用can)‎ 用所给动词的适当形式填空 ‎(1)I won’t tell the students the answer to the maths problem until they have_been_working (work) on it for more than an hour.‎ ‎(2)They had_been_working (work) on the program for almost one week before I joined them，and now we are_still_working (still work) on it as no good results have come out so far.‎ ‎(3)—Are you still busy?‎ ‎—Yes，I am_finishing (finish) my work and it won’t take long.‎ ‎2 Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil,making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.像豌豆、大豆一类的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，使之适宜于种植那些要求土壤肥沃的农作物，例如小麦或玉米。‎ 用法点拨 making it...是现在分词短语作结果状语。现在分词作结果状语时，其逻辑主语可以是句子的主语，也可以是整个句子。‎ By 1820 the population of New York had grown to about 125,000，making it the largest city in the USA.‎ 到1820年纽约的人口增长到大约125 000人，这(使它)成为美国最大的城市。‎ They were caught in a traffic jam，thus causing the delay.‎ 他们遇上了交通阻塞，因而迟到了。‎ ‎ ‎ 现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别 ‎(1)现在分词作结果状语时一般只能单独使用，也就是说，没有固定的句型结构，它通常位于句末，其前有逗号隔开。有时为了突出结果之意可在现在分词前加副词thus，常译为“因而，因此”。现在分词作结果状语往往表示正常出现的、自然而然的或意料之中的结果。‎ Tom fell down from the tree，breaking his arm.‎ 汤姆从树上摔了下来，摔断了胳膊。‎ ‎(2)动词不定式单独作结果状语，通常表示偶然的、出乎意料的结果，有时为了强调这种意外的结果，可在不定式前加only，译为“(结果)却……，只(只是……)”，在这种情况下，不定式的逻辑主语也可能是全句的主语。‎ After two days we finally arrived at the small village，only to be told that the old man had passed away.‎ 两天之后我们终于到达了这个小村庄，(使我们失望的是)村民们告诉我们那位老人已经去世了。‎ Yesterday a beggar bought a lottery ticket，to make him a millionaire overnight.‎ 昨天一个街头乞丐买了一张彩票，结果使他一夜之间成了百万富翁。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ 用所给动词的适当形式填空 ‎(1)He went to New York to see his daughter，only to_find (find) she had gone to Washington.‎ ‎(2)Oil prices have risen by 32% since the start of the year，reaching (reach) a record of $57.65 a barrel on April 4.‎ ‎(3)He hurried to the cinema only to_find (find) the film had been on.‎ ‎(4)European football is played in 80 countries，making (make) it the most popular sport in the world.‎ ‎(5)His father was lost in the war，never to_be_heard (hear) of again.‎ ‎ ‎ 化学耕作还是有机耕作？‎ 在过去的半个世纪里，在耕作中使用化肥已经非常普遍。很多农民喜欢使用化肥，把化肥作为防治农作物病虫害和提高产量的重要手段。然而，最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。‎ 化肥带来的问题有哪些呢？首先，化肥在杀死病菌和害虫的同时也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。化学物质还会在地里和地下水中保存很长时间，而这会影响到农作物，进而影响到动物和人类，因为化学成分会进入到农作物中，并且不能被冲洗掉。随着时间的推移，食物中的这些化学成分会在人体中堆积。很多化学成分能导致癌症或其他疾病。另外，施过化肥的水果、蔬菜和其他食物通常生长得过快而营养不足。它们表面上很好看，但是里面通常是含过多的水分，而不是维他命和矿物质。‎ 由于这些发现，一些农民和许多消费者开始转向有机耕作。有机耕作就是不用任何化学肥料的耕作。农民关心的是保持土壤肥沃并且免受病害。健康的土壤会减少病虫害并且帮助农作物茁壮成长。因此，有机耕作的农民通常喜欢把天然的动物粪便当作肥料，他们认为这样会使田地更富含矿物质，因而也会更加肥沃，同 时还可以让空气、土壤、水以及农作物不受化学物质的污染。‎ 有机耕作的农民也使用很多其他的方法来保持土壤肥沃。在同一块地里，他们经常每隔几年就换种农作物。例如：种玉米或小麦后，来年再改种豌豆或大豆。像豌豆和大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜于要求土壤肥沃的农作物，比如小麦或玉米。有机耕作的农民还种植多种农作物来利用不同层次的土壤。比如，他们先种植生长于浅层土壤的花生，然后再种植生根于深层土壤的蔬菜。还有一些有机耕作者喜欢在农作物之间种草，以防止水土流失，并且把草留在地里，从而成为来年农作物的天然肥料。这些许多不同的有 机耕作的方法有着同样的目标：种植好的粮食，避免损害环境或者是人们的健康。‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．From his sunburnt face，we can know he spends much time working under the sun.‎ ‎2．Hunger is still a big problem in the world，for many people haven’t enough to eat.‎ ‎3．The output of coal must be increased to meet the need of electricity.‎ ‎4．People have so much freedom to choose their jobs that they can do whatever they like.‎ ‎5．I don’t think the job suitable for you.You’d better choose another one.‎ ‎6．This area is rich in minerals and the need for miners is great.‎ ‎7．The river expands and forms a lake.‎ ‎8．He is considering ridding of the weeds in the garden，for they are affecting the growth of the flowers.‎ ‎9．The factories are trying to reduce pollution to an even lower level so that we can have a better environment.‎ ‎10．The flood rose to a level of 60 feet.‎ Ⅱ.句型转换 ‎1．I’m just getting ready for school.‎ I am preparing for school.‎ ‎2．He comes to see me every week.‎ He comes to see me every seven days.‎ ‎3．He didn’t study hard；as a result，he failed.‎ As a result of his laziness，he failed.‎ ‎4．A heavy rain stopped me coming here yesterday.‎ A heavy rain prevented me from coming here yesterday.‎ ‎5．No matter what you say，I won’t listen to you.‎ Whatever you say，I won’t listen to you.‎ ‎6．His company becomes larger and larger.‎ His business is expanding.‎ ‎7．There is no doubt that he will attend the party.‎ It is certain that he will attend the party.‎ ‎8．He suggested that the work should be started at once.‎ He advised that the work be done at once.‎ ‎9．The result of the contest satisfied the teachers.‎ The teachers were satisfied with the result of the contest.‎ ‎10．The project had to be stopped because they were short of money.‎ The project had to be stopped because of lacking money.‎ Ⅲ.完成句子 ‎1．Over the past half century，using_chemical_fertilizers_has_become_very_common ‎_in_farming (在耕作中使用化肥已非常普遍)．‎ ‎2．Many farmers welcomed them as_a_great_way_to_stop_crop_disease_and_increase_‎ production(把他们作为防治农作物病虫害和提高产量的重要手段)．‎ ‎3．These chemicals in the food supply build_up_in_people’s_bodies_over_time (随着时间的推移会在人体中堆积)．‎ ‎4．The farmers focus on keeping_their_soil_rich_and_free_of_disease (保持土壤肥沃并免受病害)．‎ ‎5．With these discoveries，some farmers and many customers are_beginning_to_turn_to_‎ organic_farming(开始转向有机耕作)．‎ ‎6．In_addition (另外)，fruit，vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow_too_fast_to_be_full_of_much_nutrition (生长得过快而营养不足)．‎ ‎7．They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and_so_more_fertile (因而也会更加肥沃)．‎ ‎8．A healthy soil reduces disease and helps_crops_grow_strong_and_healthy (帮助农作物茁壮成长)．‎ ‎9．Eating more vegetables might_not_always_be_good_for_us (并不总是对我们有好处)．‎ ‎10．It_is_certain_to_be_healthy_and_safe (肯定是健康和安全的)for people’s health.‎ Ⅳ.单项填空　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎1．It’s expensive.Can you reduce the price ________ a third？‎ A.to B．by C．of D．at 答案　B ‎ 解析　reduce(...)to...(把……)减少到……；reduce (...)by...把(……)减少了……。由题意可知应是把价格减少13，故选B。‎ ‎2．—Why don’t we take a little break?‎ ‎—Didn’t we just have ________？‎ A．it B．that C．one D．this 答案　C 解析　one用于指代同类事物中的一个；it特指上文中提到的事物，即同一个；this这个；that那个。答句句意为：我们不是刚刚休息过吗？‎ ‎3．At sea the wind can build ________ giant，powerful waves.‎ A．in B．up C．on D．down 答案　B 解析　句意为：在海上，风能形成巨大强劲的波浪。build up 逐渐增强；建立；开发。build in安装；固定；build on建立于；指望；build down降低；衰减，三者皆不符合题意。‎ ‎4．Each chapter concludes with a short ________.‎ A．declaration B．fiction C．composition D．summary 答案　D 解析　句意为：每个章节都以简短的总结结束。summary总结；概要。declaration指正式的官方立场、态度等的声明；fiction虚构；小说；composition作文；写作。‎ ‎5．—Do you believe me?‎ ‎—________，I’ll believe ________ you say.‎ A．No；whatever B．Yes；however C．No；however D．Yes；whatever 答案　D 解析　首先由答语的后半句看出，应该使用肯定回答，由此排除A和C；又因答语中say后缺少宾语，所以只能用代词whatever作say的宾语。‎ ‎6．Most homeless people are ________ with tents，food and drink.‎ A．supplied B．given C．offered D．burnt 答案　A 解析　supply sb. with sth.＝sb. be supplied with sth.向某人提供某物。‎ ‎7．Her poor English often ________ misunderstanding when she first went to England many years ago.‎ A．arose from B．resulted from C．led to D．lay in 答案　C 解析　句意为：由于她的英语很差，因而许多年前她第一次去英国时常引起误会。lead to导致；造成(后果)。arise from(＝result from)起因于；lie in在于……；由于……。‎ ‎8．It’s quite strange that the man sleeps with his mouth ________ and his eyes ________.‎ A．closed；open B．closed；opened C．closing；open D．closing；opening 答案　A ‎ 解析　考查with复合结构：with＋宾语＋宾语补足语。closed和open两个形容词分别作his mouth和his eyes的宾补，用于说明宾语的状态。‎ ‎9．________ the timely rain，our crops are saved.‎ A．Thanking to B．Thanks to C．Thanking for D．Thanks for 答案　B 解析　thanks to幸亏；由于，是固定搭配。句意为：幸亏这场及时雨，我们的庄稼得救了。‎ ‎10．John is the tallest boy in the class，________ according to himself.‎ A．five foot eight as tall as B．as tall as five foot eight C．as five foot eight tall as D．as tall five foot eight as ‎ 答案　B 解析　five foot eight五英尺八英寸，放在as tall as后面表示John的身高。‎ ‎11．He offered to ________ me with another ticket free ________ charge.‎ A．give；from B．provide；from C．supply；from D．supply；of 答案　D ‎ 解析　空格后有with，第一空填supply，构成supply...with的搭配。第二空填of，free of charge意为“免费的”，作后置定语修饰another ticket。‎ ‎12．I’m determined to climb the mountain，________ there may be a lot of difficulties.‎ A．as if B．when C．even though D．since 答案　C 解析　用even though(即使)引导让步状语从句。‎ ‎13．The forest guards often find campfires that have not been ________ completely.‎ A．turned down B．put out C．put away D．turned over 答案　B 解析　A项当“拒绝(请求/建议)”或“降低(声音)”解；B项作“扑灭”解；C项意为“把……收起来放好”；D项的意思是“把……翻转过来”或“把……递交给……”。句意为：护林员经常发现没有被完全熄灭的露营火。故选B项。‎ ‎14．________ with what he had already，the new stamps were not very interesting.‎ A．Compare B．Comparing C．Compared D．To compare 答案　C 解析　compare常用结构为：compare A with B把A与B作比较；compare A to B把A比作B；compare with (to)．..和……比起来。句意为：和他已有的相比，这几张新邮票算不上有趣。‎ ‎15．—What had made you so happy，Mary?‎ ‎—Oh，I’ve just ________ an old friend I haven’t seen for years.‎ A．come upon B．come in C．come out D．come up 答案　A 解析　come upon表示“偶然发现或遇见某人某物”；come in表示“进入”；come out表示“出现，显现”；come up表示(种子、植物等)长出地面；走近；被提出。句意为：——什么使你那么高兴，玛丽？——噢，我刚刚遇到一位多年未见的老朋友。‎ ‎ Ⅴ.短文改错 I’m glad to write to you.It has been nearnearly a month since you leaveleft our hospital.I’m still worried about you.WhatHow are you getting along these days? I think you may be much better now.But you’d better to have a good rest and take good care ∧of yourself, for you are a sixtyyearold man.I still remember those days thatwhen you helped me with my English.With your help，itI made a little ‎ progress.AndBut to my regret, my English remainremains very bad though I work hard at it.Can you give me some advicesadvice on it? ‎ Ⅵ.书面表达 假定你住在一个涉外小区。社区委员会请你帮忙用英文以短文形式写一封电子邮件，将周末农家采摘活动的安排传达给住户。‎ 要点：‎ 时间：下周六上午8∶00至11∶00‎ 内容：采摘苹果 报名：办公室，下周四下午5∶00前 提示：带帽子、手套 欢迎踊跃参加 注意：1.词数100左右，开头已为你写好；‎ ‎2．可适当增加细节以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3．参考词汇：社区community ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 参考范文 Hi，everyone!‎ The committee of our community will arrange our residents to pick up apples from 8∶00～11∶00 next Saturday.It will do good to our health and we can have a chance to relax.If you are willing to join in the activity，please sign up for it before 5∶00 in the afternoon of next Thursday.Please prepare caps and gloves in advance.‎ Welcome everyone’s attending.‎ Thanks a lot.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎ Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as shortterm teachers，almost three times the number hired last year，________ reduce unemployment pressures.(江苏高考)‎ A．help B．to have helped C．to help D．having helped 答案　C 解析　根据句意可知此处应该选动词不定式作目的状语。‎ 课文原文 ‎ ‎...for he works the land to_do_his_research.‎ ‎ My uncle’s house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours，but it is twice ________ expensive.(四川高考)‎ A．as B．so C．too D．very 答案　A 解析　but分句实际上是一个省略句，补充完整为：but it is twice as expensive as ours。‎ 课文原文 Using his hybrid rice，farmers are producing harvests twice_as_large_as_before.‎ ‎ The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ________ rising steadily since 1997.(山东高考)‎ A．is B．are C．has been D．have been 答案　C 解析　“the number of＋n.”作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式；由since 1997可知句子的时态应用现在完成时。‎ 课文原文 These increased harvests mean that 22% of the world’s people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in China.‎ ‎ ________ twice，the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.(北京高考)‎ A．Being bitten B．Bitten C．Having bitten D．To be bitten 答案　B 解析　Bitten twice在句中作状语，bite与句子主语the postman之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作状语，表示被动。‎ 课文原文 Born into a poor farmer’s family in 1930，Dr.Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953.‎ ‎ Excuse me，Marcia，a reporter from Vanity Fair ________ all day.Could you speak to her now？(辽宁高考)‎ A．phones B．has phoned C．has been phoning D．phoned 答案　C 解析　句意为：对不起，玛西娅，一位来自Vanity Fair 的记者一整天都在打电话，你现在能和她通话吗？表示过去开始的动作一直持续进行到现在用现在完成进行时。题干中all day表示一段时间。‎ 课文原文 Recently，however，scientists have_been_finding that longterm use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and，even more dangerous，to people’s health.‎