2020届阅读理解专项训练（3）

2020届阅读理解专项训练（3）

‎2020届阅读理解专项训练（3）‎ 阅读理解 ‎ ‎1 ‎ Some people say that the best way to reduce the size of your waist is to do stomach exercise. Many people believe that when specific muscles are exercised, the fatty tissues (组织) in the immediate area are burned up. The truth is that exercise burns fat from all over the body and not from one specific area. Of course, if you reduce the fat throughout your body, you will certainly see results around your waist too.‎ Some people believe that you need to exercise twice a week in order to keep a sufficient level of physical fitness. However, studies directed by American scientists show that unexercised muscles lose their strength very quickly. Within 48 to 72 hours, you must use the muscles again to reestablish (重建) the good physical effects. And what does that mean to you? American scientists concluded that while daily exercise is most helpful, exercising every other day or three days a week will keep a sufficient level of physical fitness.‎ Is it true that you burn more calories running one mile than walking the same distance? The answer is no. The truth is that you use the same amount of energy whether you walk or run the mile, since in both cases you are moving the same weight the same distance. The speed does not matter. Of course, if you run rather than walk for 30 minutes, you will cover more distance, and therefore burn more calories.‎ If your breathing doesn’t return to normal within 5 minutes after you finish exercising, you have exercised too much. Five minutes or so after exercising, your breathing should be normal, your heart shouldn’t be beating loudly, and you shouldn’t be tired. ‎ ‎1. If you want to reduce the fat around your waist, you should ____. ‎ A. do stomach exercise B. exercise the waist C. exercise all the muscles of your body D. run fast for 30 minutes ‎2. From the second paragraph, we learn that ____. ‎ A. we only need to exercise twice a week ‎ B. we should exercise three times a week ‎ C. muscles lose their strength after 48 hours D. we should exercise every other day, or three days a week ‎ ‎3. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _________ . ‎ A. you will lose more weight running one hour than walking one hour B. whether you run one mile or walk the same distance, you use the same amount of energy C. you will lose more weight running one mile than walking the same distance ‎ D. both A and B ‎4. If you have exercised too much, _______. ‎ A. your breathing will take longer than 5 minutes to return to normal after you finish exercising ‎ B. your breathing will return to normal within 5 minutes after finishing exercising ‎ C. your heart will not be beating loudly ‎ D. you will be too tired to move ‎5. This passage tells us that _________. ‎ A. it is better to do more running than walking ‎ B. the more exercise you do, the healthier you will be ‎ C. the unexercised muscles must be used again within 48 to 72 hours D. in order to lose weight, you have to run fast ‎【答案】1-5 CDDAC ‎【解析】‎ ‎1. C。由第一段我们可以得知每一项运动都能使全身的肌肉活动，因此减去的是全身的脂肪，而不是某个部位的脂肪。‎ ‎2. D。依据为第二段的最后一句话。‎ ‎3. D。从第三段的第三句话和最后一句话可得到答案。‎ ‎4. A。根据最后一段的第一句话可得到答案。‎ ‎5. C。根据第二段中的“However, studies directed by American scientists show that unexercised muscles lose their strength very quickly. Within 48 to 72 hours, you must use the muscles again to reestablish the good physical effects.”这两句可得出答案。‎ ‎2‎ We have all experienced days when everything goes wrong. A day may begin well enough, but suddenly everything seems to get out of control. Sometimes a single unimportant event may cause a number of things to happen. Let us suppose that you are preparing a meal and keeping an eye on the baby at the same time. The telephone rings and this causes your troubles to begin. While you are on the phone, the baby pulls the tablecloth off the table, destroying your half-prepared meal. You hang up hurriedly and attend to your baby. Meanwhile, the meal gets burnt. As if this is not enough to bring you to tears, your husband arrives home, unexpectedly bringing three guests to dinner.‎ Things can also go wrong on the road. During rush hour one evening two cars collided and the drivers began to argue. The woman driver behind the two cars happened to be a learner. She got into a panic and stopped her car. This forced the driver following her to stop suddenly. This driver’s wife was sitting beside him holding a large cake, and as she was thrown forward, the cake went right through the ‎ window and landed on the road. A truck driver seeing a cake flying through the air slammed on the brakes. The truck was carrying empty beer bottles and hundreds of them slid off the back of the truck onto the road, causing a terrible traffic jam. It took the police an hour to get the traffic on the move again. In the meantime, the truck driver had to sweep up hundreds of broken bottles. Only two dogs were enjoying themselves, for they were happily having what was left of the cake.‎ ‎6. If you want to answer the phone without any trouble, you’d better ___________ . ‎ A. pull out the telephone line when you are with your baby B. put your baby on the bed and keep an eye on him / her C. not hurry to answer the phone ‎ D. make sure your baby is not near the table ‎7. Who is responsible for the accidents that happened on the road? ‎ A. The two drivers who were arguing. B. It wasn’t mentioned in the passage.‎ C. The woman driver. D. The truck driver.‎ ‎8. From this story we learn that ________. ‎ A. there are many road accidents every day B. the accidents mentioned in the passage are very strange C. no one knows why this kind of accident happens D. the accidents mentioned in the passage are very common ‎9. The writer’s purpose in writing this passage is to ___________. ‎ A. remind us not to answer the phone when we are busy B. tell us driving is dangerous every day C. remind us not to be nervous when we meet an accident D. remind us not to carry a cake when we are sitting in a car ‎10. The main idea of this passage is that ________.‎ A. troubles always come in groups B. accidents may happen anywhere at anytime C. a telephone call may cause great trouble D. anyone may have trouble on their way home ‎【答案】6-10 CBDCA ‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎6. C。这里并不是说要通过什么具体的事情来避免接电话的麻烦，而是指做事不可太慌乱。‎ ‎7. B。文中只是在陈述事情，并没有提到谁应为此事负责任。‎ ‎8. D。从文章的第一句话以及接下来举的两个例子都可看出，这种事件的发生还是比较普遍的。‎ ‎9. C。作者写这篇文章主要是为了说明：一件很小的事情有可能引发很多麻烦，原因在于一时的慌乱。‎ ‎10. A。从文中所举的两个例子可知，在我们的生活中麻烦事会接连发生，会有连锁反应，所以选项A为最佳标题。‎ ‎3‎ The concept of health holds different meanings for different people and groups. These meanings have also changed over time. This change is no more evident than in Western society today, when notions of health and health promotion are being challenged and expanded in new ways.‎ For much of recent Western history, health has been viewed in the physical sense only. That is, good health has been connected to the smooth mechanical operation of the body, while ill health has been attributed to a breakdown in this machine. Health in this sense has been defined as the absence of disease or illness and is seen in medical terms. ‎ In the late 1940s the World Health Organization challenged this physically and medically oriented (导向的) view of health. They stated that health is a complete state of physical, mental and social well-being and is not merely the absence of disease (WHO, 1946). Health and the person were seen more holistically (mind / body / spirit) and not just in physical terms.‎ The 1970s was a time of focusing on the prevention of disease and illness by emphasizing the importance of the lifestyle and behaviour of the individual. Specific behaviours which were seen to increase risk of disease, such as smoking, lack of fitness and unhealthy eating habits, were targeted. Creating health meant providing not only medical health care, but also health promotion programs and policies which would help people maintain healthy behaviours and lifestyles. While this individualistic healthy lifestyle approach to health worked for some (the wealthy members of society), it was of little benefit to people experiencing poverty, unemployment, underemployment or who had little control over the conditions of their daily life. ‎ During the 1980s and 1990s there has been a growing swing away from seeing lifestyle risks as the root cause of poor health. While lifestyle factors still remain important, health is being viewed also in terms of the social, economic and environmental contexts in which people live. This broad approach to health is called the socio-ecological view of health. ‎ At the Ottawa Conference in 1986, a charter was developed which outlined new directions for health promotion based on the socio-ecological view of health. This charter, known as the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, remains as the backbone of health action today. In exploring the scope of health promotion it states that: Good health is a major resource for social, economic and personal development and an important dimension (尺度) of the quality of life. Political, economic, social, cultural, ‎ environmental, behavioural and biological factors can all favour health or be harmful to it. (WHO, 1986)‎ ‎11. From the passage, we can infer that _________. ‎ A. good health means not having any illness B. health has different meanings for different people in different periods C. health has always been viewed in terms of the social, economic and environmental contexts in which people live D. health has always been considered a major resource for social, economic and personal development and an important dimension of quality of life ‎12. In the late 1940s, if you ___________, that meant you were healthy. ‎ A. were strong enough B. were strong, optimistic and happy C. had enough money D. had a good lifestyle ‎13. of society benefited most from the healthy lifestyle approach to health. ‎ A. Rich people B. Poor people C. Old people D. Young people ‎14. The socio-ecological view of health includes the following broad areas EXCEPT ________. ‎ A. the social contexts B. the environmental contexts ‎ C. the economic contexts D. the area of personal development ‎15. This passage mainly tells us that . ‎ A. wealth is health ‎ B. health means different things in different periods C. it’s getting harder to be healthy ‎ D. people should change their understanding of health over time ‎【答案】11-15 BBADD ‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎11. B。从文章的第一段以及后面的段落陈述情况可得出答案。‎ ‎12. B。根据第三段的第二、三句可知答案。‎ ‎13. A。从第四段的最后一句话中可找出答案。‎ ‎14. D。依据为第五段中的“While lifestyle factors still remain important, health is being viewed also in terms of the social, economic and environmental contexts in which people live.”‎ ‎15. D。第一段点出了文章的中心：健康的意义随着时间的变化而变化。接下来用六个自然段来阐述五个不同时期对健康的不同定义，从而可引出作者写这篇文章的目的：希望人们能不断地改变自己对健康的看法。‎ ‎4 ‎ After giving a talk at a high school, I was asked to pay a visit to a special student. ‎ An illness had kept the boy home, but he had expressed an interest in meeting me. I was told it would mean a great deal to him, so I agreed.‎ During the nine-mile drive to his home, I found out something about Matthew. He had muscular dystrophy (肌肉萎缩症). When he was born, the doctor told his parents that he would not live to five, and then they were told he would not make it to ten. Now he was thirteen. He wanted to meet me because I was a gold-medal power lifter, and I knew about overcoming obstacles and going for my dreams.‎ I spent over an hour talking to Matthew. Never once did he complain or ask, “Why me?” He spoke about winning and succeeding and going for his dreams. Obviously, he knew what he was talking about. He didn’t mention that his classmates had made fun of him because he was different. He just talked about his hopes for the future, and how one day he wanted to lift weights with me. When we had finished talking, I went to my briefcase and pulled out the first gold medal I had won and put it around his neck. I told him he was more of a winner and knew more about success and overcoming obstacles than I ever would. He looked at it for a moment, then took it off and handed it back to me. He said, “You are a champion. You earned that medal. Someday when I get to the Olympics and win my own medal, I will show it to you.”‎ Last summer I received a letter from Matthew’s parents telling me that Matthew had passed away. They wanted me to have a letter he had written to me a few days before:‎ Dear Dick,‎ My mum said I should send you a thank-you letter for the picture you sent me. I also want to let you know that the doctors tell me that I don’t have long to live any more, but I still smile as much as I can.‎ I told you someday that I would go to the Olympics and win a gold medal, but I know now I will never get to do that. However, I know I’m a champion, and God knows that too. When I get to Heaven, God will give me my medal and when you get there, I will show it to you. Thank you for loving me.‎ Your friend,‎ Matthew ‎16. The boy looked forward to meeting the author because _________. ‎ A. he was also good at weight lifting ‎ B. he wanted to get to the Olympics and win a medal ‎ C. he was one of the author’s fans ‎ D. he admired the author very much ‎17. The underlined sentence in the third paragraph probably means that _______.‎ A. the boy never complained about how unlucky he was to have this disease B. the boy never complained about not being able to go to school C. the boy never complained why the author had never come to see him before D. the boy never complained about not getting a medal ‎ ‎18. From the passage we learn that _________. ‎ A. Matthew was an athlete ‎ B. Matthew was an optimistic and determined boy ‎ C. The author used to have the same disease as Matthew had ‎ D. Matthew became a champion before he died ‎ ‎19. Matthew didn’t accept the author’s medal because _________. ‎ A. he thought it was too expensive ‎ B. he was sure that he could win one in the future ‎ C. he thought it was of no use to him as he would die soon ‎ D. he would not be pitied by others ‎20. What would be the best title for this passage? ‎ A. A sick boy. B. A special friend. ‎ C. A real champion. D. A famous athlete.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎16-20 DABDC ‎【解析】‎ ‎16. D。从第一段中的“…, but he had expressed an interest in meeting me.”和第二段中的“He wanted to meet me because I was a gold-medal power lifter, and I knew about overcoming obstacles and going for my dreams.”可得出答案。‎ ‎17. A。从下文可知，Matthew一直在向往着成功，而从来没有抱怨过得这种病的人为什么是他。‎ ‎18. B。本文主要是想向大家介绍一个身残志坚、积极乐观的小男孩。‎ ‎19. D。从第三段的最后他所说的话可知Matthew是想通过自己的努力获得成功，而不想只是得到别人的同情或怜悯。‎ ‎20. C。纵观全文可知，作者很钦佩Matthew的那种身残志坚、积极与病魔作斗争的精神，所以，从文中可看出Matthew才是真正的冠军。‎ ‎5‎ When I was an official of a school in Palo Alto, California, Polly Tyner, the president of our board, wrote a letter that was printed in the Palo Alto Times. Polly’s son, Jim, had great difficulty in school. He was classified as the educationally handicapped and required a great deal of patience on the part of his parents and teachers. But Jim was a happy kid with a great smile that lit up the room. His parents knew his difficulties, but they always tried to help him see his strengths so that he could walk with pride. Shortly after Jim finished high school, he was killed in a motorcycle accident. After his death, his mother submitted this letter to the ‎ newspaper. ‎ ‎ “Today we buried our 20-year-old son. He was killed in a motorcycle accident on Friday night. How I wish I had known that the last time I had talked to him would be the last time. If I had only known that, I would have said to him, ‘Jim, I love you and I’m always so proud of you.’ I would have taken the time to count the many blessings he had brought to the lives of the people who loved him. I would have taken the time to appreciate his beautiful smile, his laughter, and his genuine love to other people. ‎ ‎ “When I put all the good things on the scale and try to balance them with all the irritating (恼人的) things such as the radio that was always too loud, the haircut that wasn’t to our liking, the dirty socks under the bed, etc., I find that the irritations really don’t amount to much. ‎ ‎ “I won’t get another chance to tell my son all that I would have wanted him to hear, but, other parents, do have a chance. Tell your young people what you would want them to hear as if it may be your last conversation. The last time I talked to Jim was the morning of the day when he died. He called me to say, ‘Hi, Mom! I just called to say I love you. You have to go to work now. Bye.’ That day, he gave me something to treasure forever. ”‎ If there is any purpose at all for Jim’s death, maybe it is to make others appreciate life more and to tell people, especially family members, that they should take the time to let each other know just how much they care. You may never have another chance. Do it today!‎ ‎21. Who was Jim?‎ A. A school boy. B. The writer.‎ C. The president of a school board. D. An official of a school.‎ ‎22. What’s the meaning of the underlined phrase “the educationally handicapped”?‎ A. The learning difficulty. B. The physical problems.‎ C. The psychological problems. D. The communication difficulty. ‎ ‎23. According to the writer, which of the following about Jim is TRUE？‎ A. He was always sad about his school marks.‎ B. His parents always scolded him about his bad school marks.‎ C. His study needed more attention from his parents and teachers.‎ D. He was killed in a car accident. ‎ ‎24. What did Polly think of Jim?‎ ‎ A. He was a lovely boy with a beautiful smile who always loved others.‎ ‎ B. He was physically sick but always happy.‎ ‎ C. He was an irritating boy with some bad habits.‎ ‎ D. He seldom expressed his love for his parents.‎ ‎25. The purpose of Polly’s letter is to .‎ ‎ A. memorize her son ‎ B. teach parents to appreciate their children ‎ C. teach children how to be good boys ‎ D. give some advice on how to deal with children’s problems ‎【答案】AACAB ‎【解析】2‎ ‎1. A。根据第一段第二句话可知Jim是Polly的儿子，从而知道Jim是学校的学生。‎ ‎22. A。根据上下文可以得出他是有学习障碍的。classify sb / sth as意为“界定”。‎ ‎23. C。根据第一段中的“He was classified as educationally handicapped and required a great deal of patience on the part of his parents and teachers.”可知。‎ ‎24. A。根据第二段中的“I would have taken the time to appreciate his beautiful smile, his laughter, and his genuine love to other people.”可知。‎ ‎25. B。根据第四段的第一句话可知，Polly没有来得及跟Jim讲很多事情，但是其他的父母亲他们还有机会和他们的孩子讲话、沟通，所以必须要珍惜与孩子们在一起的日子，要学会欣赏自己的孩子。‎ ‎6‎ While IQ (Intelligence Quotient) tells you how smart you are. EQ (Emotional Quotient) tells you how well you use your smartness. Professor Salovery, the psychologist who created the term, EQ, says that it is IQ that gets you hired but it is EQ that gets you promoted.‎ ‎ Supported by his research, he suggested that when predicting future successes, a person’s brainpower, as measured by IQ tests, might actually matter less than a person’s character, or EQ. Professor Salovery may be correct. For example, have you ever wondered why some of the best and smartest students in your class end up failing exams? Perhaps it is because of their EQ. People often make the mistake of thinking that EQ is the opposite of IQ. It is not. Although it is hoped that people have both high EQs and IQs, there is little doubt that those with low EQs have a hard time surviving in life.‎ ‎ For a long time, researchers discussed if a person’s IQ could be raised. The geneticists said no, while the social scientists said yes. Furthermore, the social scientists said that it was possible to improve a person’s EQ, particularly in terms of “people skills”, such as understanding and communication.‎ ‎ Recently, a professor released the findings of a study on senior high school students. When some normal students were introduced to some disabled students, they found that afterwards they were more willing to help people in difficulties. At the same time, there was a marked change in the disabled students’ attitudes. They became more positive about their disabilities and were more eager to try new things. People with high EQs often have positive attitudes towards life and are open to different ideas, so ‎ they tend to be more creative in their thinking. Please remember that having a high IQ is helpful but having a high EQ might even be more helpful.‎ ‎26. According to Professor Salovery, what factor matters the most in predicting whether a person will be successful or not?‎ A. How a person tests his / her brainpower. B. A person’s character. ‎ C. How smart a person is. D. A person’s IQ.‎ ‎27. The second paragraph tells us that . ‎ A. people who have a high IQ always have a high EQ B. EQ is the opposite of IQ C. people who have a low EQ tend to have a hard life D. people who have a high EQ always have a high IQ ‎ ‎28. What did the professor find from his study of normal students being introduced to some disabled children?‎ A. Students with disabilities were not open in trying new things.‎ B. There was no change in the normal students.‎ C. The disabled students became more positive and more eager to try new things.‎ D. The disabled students were more willing to help others.‎ ‎29. Which of the following is the writer’s attitude toward EQ and IQ?‎ A. IQ is more helpful to people than EQ.‎ B. IQ can be raised by understanding and communication.‎ C. EQ can get people hired.‎ D. A high EQ is of great benefit in getting people promoted.‎ ‎30. Which of the following would be the best title of this passage?‎ A. A person’s brainpower. B. IQ, EQ and success.‎ C. IQ and a person’s character. D. A person’s IQ and EQ. ‎ ‎【答案】BCCDB ‎【解析】‎ ‎26. B。根据第二段第一句话可知，一个人的性格比他（她）的智慧更重要。‎ ‎27. C。根据第二段中的“…, there is little doubt that those with low EQs have a hard time surviving in life.”可知，EQ低的人生活会比较艰辛。‎ ‎28. C。根据最后一段中的“They became more positive about their disabilities and were more eager to try new things.”可知通过教授的研究表明，有残疾的人对生活会更加充满热情，并且善于接受新事物。‎ ‎29. D。根据最后一段中的最后两句话，EQ对人生更有帮助。‎ ‎30. B。全文是在讲述人的IQ，EQ和success之间的关系，故B为最佳答案。‎