【英语】2020届二轮复习阅读理解专题话题训练学案二十二：历史与地理

【英语】2020届二轮复习阅读理解专题话题训练学案二十二：历史与地理

‎2020届二轮复习 阅读理解专题话题训练学案二十二：历史与地理 ‎　Part A　Reading　‎ Passage 1‎ 题材:洋流研究　词数:332　建议时间:8分钟 Scientists today are making greater effort to study ocean currents(洋流).Most do it using satellites and other high-tech equipment.However,ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special way—by studying movements of random floating garbage.A scientist with many years’ experience,he started this type of research in the early 1990s when he heard about hundreds of athletic shoes washing up on the shores of the northwest coast of the United States.There were so many shoes that people were setting up swap meets to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear. ‎ Ebbesmeyer found out in his researches that the shoes—about 60,000 in total—fell into the ocean in a shipping accident.He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back.As expected,the company told him that they didn’t.Ebbesmeyer realized this could be a great experiment.If he learned when and where the shoes went into the water and tracked where they landed,he could learn a lot about the patterns of ocean currents.‎ The Pacific Northwest is one of the world’s best areas for beachcombing because winds and currents join here,and as a result,there is a group of serious beachcombers in the area.Ebbesmeyer got to know a lot of them and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed.In a year he collected reliable information on 1,600 shoes.With this data,he and a colleague were able to test and improve a computer program designed to model ocean currents,and publish the findings of their study.‎ As the result of his work,Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean.He has even started an association of beachcombers and ocean experts,with 500 subscribers from West Africa to New Zealand.They have recorded all lost objects ranging from potatoes to golf gloves.‎ ‎1.The underlined phrase swap meets in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to　　　. ‎ A.fitting rooms B.trading fairs C.business talks D.group meetings ‎2.Ebbesmeyer phoned the shoe company to find out　　　. ‎ A.what caused the shipping accident B.when and where the shoes went missing C.whether it was all right to use their shoes D.how much they lost in the shipping accident ‎3.How did Ebbesmeyer prove his assumption?‎ A.By collecting information from beachcombers.‎ B.By studying the shoes found by beachcombers.‎ C.By searching the web for ocean currents models.‎ D.By researching ocean currents data in the library.‎ ‎4.Ebbesmeyer is most famous for　　　. ‎ A.traveling widely the coastal cities of the world B.making records for any lost objects on the sea C.running a global currents research association D.phoning about any doubtful objects on the sea ‎5.What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage?‎ A.To call people’s attention to ocean pollution.‎ B.To warn people of shipping safety in the ocean.‎ C.To explain a unique way of studying ocean currents.‎ D.To give tips on how to search for lost objects on the beach.‎ Passage 2‎ 题材:文化遗迹　词数:266　建议时间:6分钟 ‎　　Our children and grandchildren may not have a chance to visit many of the most famous places around the world.War, weather, age, traffic and pollution damage these famous places.Looking after these places often costs more than one country can afford.‎ In the early 1970s, world governments decided that if they joined together, they would be able to preserve our history.If every country paid some money, they said, it would be possible to look after many important historic places.Also, if they discovered that a monument needed urgent help, they would have money for repairs.For these reasons, countries around the world united to form the World Heritage Organization in 1972.Today, the organization helps to maintain(维护)and restore the most important places in our history.‎ However,one of the biggest problems for historic places is vandalism(人为破坏).People sometimes enter the sites and destroy or damage the buildings.At some sites, such as Stonehenge in England, governments have built high fences to protect the site from vandals.‎ There are many different ideas about how to solve the problem of vandalism.Some experts say that if guards patrolled(巡逻)the sites, vandals would not be able to get in.Some experts say that if they fixed more television cameras, they would not need so many guards.Other experts say that the best solution is education.If people learned to respect history, they would not destroy or damage it.They would also want to spend money looking after old places.For this reason, the World Heritage Organization helps to spread information about the value of historic sites.‎ ‎1.Why did countries all over the world unite to form the World Heritage Organization?‎ A.It would be able to keep our history.‎ B.It would be possible to take care of important historic places.‎ C.They would have money to do some repairs if a monument needed help.‎ D.All of the above.‎ ‎2.Which of the following shows us the action of vandalism?‎ A.People enter the sites and destroy or damage the buildings.‎ B.Governments build high fences to protect the site from vandals.‎ C.Guards patrolled the sites and they fixed more television cameras.‎ D.They also spend money looking after old places.‎ ‎3.What’s the best way to solve the biggest problem of vandalism?‎ A.Every country spends more money looking after these places often.‎ B.To form the World Heritage Organization.‎ C.Too many guards are needed to prevent vandals getting in.‎ D.To make people know information about the value of historic sites.‎ Part B　Writing　‎ 一、话题语料积累 ‎1.话题词汇积累 ‎①　　　　　　[ˈhɪstri]n.历史,历史学 ‎ ‎②　　　　　　[ˈsleɪvəri]n.奴隶制度 ‎ ‎③　　　　　　[dɪˌskrɪmɪˈneɪʃn]n.歧视 ‎ ‎④　　　　　　[ˈfriːdəm]n.自由 ‎ ‎⑤　　　　　　[ˌiːvəˈluːʃn]n.演变;进化 ‎ ‎⑥　　　　　　[ˈfeənɪs]n.公平;公正 ‎ ‎⑦　　　　　　[dɪˈvɔːs]n.离婚;脱离 ‎ ‎⑧　　　　　　[ˈnɒlɪdʒ]n.知识,学问 ‎ ‎⑨　　　　　　[ˈmærɪdʒ]n.结婚;婚姻 ‎ ‎⑩　　　　　　[kənˈvenʃən]n.大会;协定;习惯,惯例 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈseʃn]n.正式会议;开庭 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[dɪˈfens](美defense)n.防御;防务 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈvɜːtʃuː]n.美德,优秀品质 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈfəʊkəs]n.(兴趣活动等的)中心,焦点 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[əˈfens]n.犯罪 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈprɪvəlɪdʒ]n.特权,特别待遇 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[əˈpɒlədʒi]n.辩解;道歉 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[æmˈbæsədə]n.大使 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[əˈbɔːʃən]n.流产,堕胎 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈæbsəns]n.不在,缺席;缺乏,没有 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈæltɪtjuːd]n.海拔(高度) ‎ ‎　　　　　　[əˈpɪərəns]n.出现,露面;外貌,外观 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈeəriə]n.范围;区域,地区 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈbætl]n.战役(指大规模会战);战斗 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈbætlɡraʊnd]n.战场 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[bɒm]n.炸弹 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈbɔːdə]n.边境,国界 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈbɔɪkɒt]n.抵制行动 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[kæmˈpeɪn]n.(政治或商业性)活动,宣传活动 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[keɪv]n.洞穴;窑洞 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈtʃænl]n.海峡;水渠 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈtʃaɪnə]n.中国; [小写]china n.[U]瓷器 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈsɜːkəs]n.马戏团,杂技团 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈkɒntɪnənt]n.大陆,大洲 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈdɪstrɪkt]n.区;地区;区域 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈenəmi]n.敌人;敌军 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ɪˈvent]n.事件 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[flæɡ]n.旗,旗帜 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈfjuːnərəl]n.葬礼 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[kɪs]n.& v.吻,亲吻 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[maɪn]n.矿,矿井 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈmɪnərəl]n.矿物;矿物质 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈpenʃən]n.养老金 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[fɪˈnɒmɪnən]n.现象 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈpɒləsi]n.政策,方针 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈsekʃn]n.部分,区域 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[sleɪv]n.奴隶 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈsɪmbl]n.符号,记号;象征 ‎ ‎2.话题佳句积累 ‎①My hometown is a small village not far　　　the Yellow River. ‎ 我的家乡是一个离黄河不远的小村庄。‎ ‎②The old tower has　　　long history of 2,000 years. ‎ 这座古塔有2000年的悠久历史。‎ ‎③Egypt is an　　　(Arab) country which has a history dating back to 5,000 years ago. ‎ 埃及是一个历史可追溯到5000年前的阿拉伯国家。‎ ‎④The new stadium　　　(situate) in the east of the city. ‎ 这座新体育馆坐落于城市的东部。‎ ‎⑤The monument,　　　was built in 1894, stands in the center of the square. ‎ 这座纪念碑于1894年修建,位于广场的中心。‎ 二、综合练习 ‎1.词句练习 ‎(1)根据汉语意思完成句子 ‎①We should not　　　　　　(拆除)historic buildings at will. ‎ ‎②The government should　　　　　　(制定政策)to encourage people to protect cultural relics. ‎ ‎③Everyone has responsibility to　　　　　　(保护城市遗产). ‎ ‎④China has a long history and　　　　　　(灿烂的文化). ‎ ‎⑤These historic buildings can help us　　　　　　(更好地了解)the past. ‎ ‎⑥This ancient tomb is　　　　　　(很有价值). ‎ ‎⑦It is thought forgetting about history is　　　　　　(一种背叛行为). ‎ ‎⑧This city has its own　　　　　　(特色). ‎ ‎⑨We should　　　　　　(要求,呼吁)people to pay more attention to the protection of ancient buildings. ‎ ‎⑩The invention of paper was a great contribution to　　　　　　(人类文明). ‎ ‎(2)翻译句子 ‎①他可以把先祖追溯到詹姆斯一世。‎ ‎  ‎ ‎②她已拜过她的祖先。‎ ‎  ‎ ‎③罗马人修建这些纪念碑来纪念他们杰出的祖先。‎ ‎  ‎ ‎④我们烧香来纪念我们的祖先。‎ ‎  ‎ ‎⑤西方的万圣节也起源于人们对逝者精神回归所持有的古老的信仰。‎ ‎  ‎ ‎⑥建造这幢房子的人就是它现在主人的祖先。‎ ‎  ‎ ‎⑦敬奉祖先的风俗在这些人中是普遍的。‎ ‎  ‎ ‎⑧这两个物种有一个共同的祖先。‎ ‎  ‎ ‎2.段落练习 调整下列句子的顺序,使其成为一篇由三段构成的文理通顺的短文。‎ ‎①It’s really wicked to do so.‎ ‎②I think the government and schools should teach people more about the protection of cultural relics and every one of us should try to do something for the protection of cultural relics.‎ ‎③They tell people what happened in the past and that they are the roots of a city or a place.‎ ‎④Cultural relics represent historic culture.‎ ‎⑤For example,the government makes policies to regulate people’s behavior towards the relics and call for people to take action to save the cultural relics.‎ ‎⑥As far as I know, every city is trying to protect its cultural relics.‎ ‎⑦When I was travelling, I could see some cutting or odd drawing on the historic places.‎ ‎⑧However, some people have no such awareness or even do harm to the relics.‎ 组成短文后的正确顺序为:　　　　　　　　　　　　 ‎ ‎3.篇章练习 假如你是李华,你的美国朋友Sarah打算到巴西旅游,请你写封回信,简单介绍以下内容:‎ ‎(1)巴西位于大西洋的西侧,是南美洲最大的国家,面积约851万平方公里。‎ ‎(2)有两亿多人口,多数集中在东部沿海地区。‎ ‎(3)首都巴西利亚(Brasilia)风景秀丽。 ‎ ‎(4)里约热内卢(Rio de Janeiro) 是巴西第二大城市。第31届夏季奥运会就是在这里举行的。‎ 注意:(1)词数不少于50;‎ ‎(2)信的开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。‎ Dear Sarah,‎ Thank you for your letter asking about Brazil.Here is something about it.‎ ‎  ‎ ‎  ‎ ‎  ‎ ‎  ‎ Yours,‎ ‎ Li Hua 单选模拟仿真练　‎ ‎1.They’ve moved to a different house　　　their children can attend a better school. ‎ A.in case B.as long as C.so that D.even though ‎2.　　　his ID card, Philip had to go to the police station in person and reapply for a new one. ‎ A.Having lost B.Losing C.To lose D.Lose ‎3.I believe that the world is　　　you think it is.So smile at the world and it will smile back. ‎ A.what B.how C.that D.which ‎4. —I was very angry with Kelvin yesterday.‎ ‎—I know your feelings, but if you forgive him, you　　　a bigger man. ‎ A.have been B.would be C.will be D.were ‎5. —What do you do as a volunteer in Africa?‎ ‎—　　　! There are many poor people there.They need a lot of help. ‎ A.None B.Something C.Little D.Everything ‎6.Arriving at the party in a great hurry, we were disappointed to find that the band　　　playing. ‎ A.stopped B.will stop C.has stopped D.had stopped ‎7.The sign at Gate 8 reads that you　　　show your boarding pass and passport before getting on the plane. ‎ A.can B.must C.may D.would ‎8.This ferryboat　　　to transport passengers between the harbor and the island for years. ‎ A.is used B.was being used C.is being used D.has been used ‎9.It is becoming a threat to the Chinese language and culture　　　some people can’t write Chinese characters properly. ‎ A.which B.that C.whether D.how ‎10.　　　the travelling needs of passengers, China Railway Corporation has decided that people can book tickets 60 days in advance. ‎ A.Meet B.To meet C.Met D.Meeting ‎11.The Alibaba Group,　　　was founded in 1999, has become China’s largest e-commerce company. ‎ A.which B.what C.whose D.that ‎12.—Hi, Lucy! What’s the schedule for tomorrow?‎ ‎—Let me check.You　　　an appointment with Thomas at three o’clock. ‎ A.have B.had C.were having D.have had ‎13.Peter would have the chance to present his talents in the competition now if he　　　last term. ‎ A.signed up B.had signed up C.signs up D.has signed up ‎14.There are 12 lamps hanging　　　the ceiling in the restaurant. ‎ A.on B.in C.from D.around ‎15.In Singapore, people　　　eating or drinking on the subway can be fined up to 500 Singapore dollars. ‎ A.having caught B.catching C.caught D.catch 答案Topic 22　历史与地理 Part A　Reading Passage 1‎ ‎[高级语块]‎ ‎1.make greater effort to do sth.更努力地做某事 ‎2.as a result of由于……‎ ‎3.be designed to do sth.旨在做某事 ‎[高级句式]‎ ‎1.There were so many shoes that people were setting up swap meets to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear.(so...that...引导的结果状语从句中,不定式短语to try and match...作目的状语) ‎ ‎2.Ebbesmeyer got to know a lot of them and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed.(where引导宾语从句) ‎ ‎[语篇解读]　本文是说明文,题材为科普知识与现代技术类。本文介绍了海洋专家Curtis Ebbesmeyer根据海面上漂浮物的移动研究洋流的独特方法。‎ ‎1.B　猜测词义题。由画线短语后面的“to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear”可猜测,此处swap meets指交易会,故选B项。‎ ‎2.C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知,给鞋业公司打电话的目的就是确认鞋业公司要不要他们的鞋,以便利用那些鞋研究洋流的移动。故选择C项。‎ ‎3.A　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句Ebbesmeyer got to know a lot of them and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed.可知,Ebbesmeyer证明自己的假设成立是通过从海滩拾荒者那里搜集信息来实现的。故选A项。‎ ‎4.D　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知,Ebbesmeyer对在海面上发现的任何不明物体都会打电话询问。故选D项。‎ ‎5.C　主旨大意题。根据第一段第三句However,ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special way...可知,作者写这篇文章的目的就是介绍研究洋流的一种独特的方法。故选择C项。‎ Passage 2‎ ‎[高级语块]‎ ‎1.look after照看;照料 ‎2.in the early 1970s 在20世纪70年代初 ‎3.have a chance to do sth.有机会做某事 ‎[高级句式]‎ Other experts say that the best solution is education.(that引导宾语从句) ‎ ‎[语篇解读]　本文阐述了艺术文化遗产所面临的危机以及人们对这些问题所采取的补救、防范措施。‎ ‎1.D　由第二段可知选D项。‎ ‎2.A　根据第三段第二句可知选A项。‎ ‎3.D　根据最后一段最后四句可知选D项。‎ Part B　Writing 一、话题语料积累 ‎1.话题词汇积累 ‎①history　②slavery　③discrimination　④freedom　⑤evolution ‎⑥fairness　⑦divorce　⑧knowledge　⑨marriage　⑩convention session　defence　virtue　focus　offence　privilege apology　ambassador　abortion　absence　altitude appearance　area　battle　battleground　bomb　border boycott　campaign　cave　channel　China　circus continent　district　enemy　event　flag　funeral　kiss mine　mineral　pension　phenomenon　policy　section slave　symbol ‎2.话题佳句积累 ‎①from　②a　③Arabian　④is situated　⑤which 二、综合练习 ‎1.词句练习 ‎(1)①tear down　②make policies　③protect city heritage ‎④brilliant culture　⑤(to)get a better understanding of ‎⑥of great value　⑦an act of betrayal　⑧character　⑨call for ‎⑩human civilization ‎(2)①He could trace his ancestor back to James Ⅰ.‎ ‎②She has worshiped her ancestors.‎ ‎③The Romans built these monuments in memory of their illustrious ancestors.‎ ‎④We light incense in memory of our ancestors.‎ ‎⑤The western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old belief about the return of the spirits of the dead.‎ ‎⑥The builder of the house is the ancestor of its present owner.‎ ‎⑦The custom of worshiping ancestors is prevalent among these people.‎ ‎⑧The two species share a common ancestor.‎ ‎2.段落练习 第一段:④-③-⑥-⑤‎ 第二段:⑧-⑦-①‎ 第三段:②‎ ‎3.篇章练习 One possible version:‎ Dear Sarah, ‎ Thank you for your letter asking about Brazil.Here is something about it. ‎ Brazil, the largest country in South America, lies on the west coast of the Atlantic Ocean.It covers an area of about 8.5 million square kilometers.It has a large population of 200 million.Most of its population live in the east of the country by the sea.Brasilia, the capital of Brazil, is a beautiful city.Rio de Janeiro is the second largest city in Brazil, where the 31st Summer Olympic Games was held.I’m sure you’ll like it.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎ 单选模拟仿真练 ‎1—5 CAACD　6—10 DBDBB　11—15 AABCC