【英语】2018届人教版必修1一轮复习：Unit5NelsonMandela---amodernhero单元学案（8页）

【英语】2018届人教版必修1一轮复习：Unit5NelsonMandela---amodernhero单元学案（8页）

Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero单元学案 一Words and expressions ‎ devote v. 投入于,献身 ‎1. He devoted himself entirely to music. 他将一生奉献给了音乐。 ‎ ‎2. Please devote more time to your work. 请把更多的时间用于工作。 ‎ ‎3. He started to study ecology and decided to devote his whole life to the science. ‎ ‎ 他开始研究生态学，并决心将他的一生献身于这门科学。 ‎ ‎4. The noblest ideal to which one can devote oneself is Communism. ‎ ‎ 能为之献身的最崇高的理想是共产主义。 ‎ out of work ‎ 失业 ‎1. He's been out of work for six months. 他已失业六个月了。‎ ‎2. He must square up to the reality of being out of work. 他必须正视失业这一现实。‎ ‎3. He was out of work for three years and did not qualify for state aid, so that he was practically on the bread line. 他失业3年了，没资格享受州政府用于地方公共事业的补助费，所以他实际上已在领取救济食品的行列之中。‎ ‎4. Hundreds were thrown out of work. 数以百计的人失去了工作。‎ vote ‎ n. 投票,表决 v. 投票,选举,投票拥护 ‎1. At the end of the meeting, a vote was taken on the motion. 会议结束前对该项提议进行了表决。‎ ‎2. Parliament voted the bill through without a debate. 国会未经辩论就投票通过了这项法案。‎ ‎3. The show was voted a success. 大家一致认为表演很成功。‎ ‎4. UK nationals get the vote at 18. 英国国民18岁始有选举权。‎ ‎5. I vote (that) we stay here. 我建议我们留在这里。‎ ‎6. I suggested putting the matter to a vote, but the chairman demurred to it. 我建议对此事投票表决，但主席表示反对。‎ ‎7. A large vote was polled. 投票踊跃。‎ ‎8. He became a citizen, thereby gaining the right to vote. 他成为公民，并因此获得了选举权。‎ attack n. 攻击,评击 v. 攻击,动手,疾病发作 ‎1. The enemy attacked us at night. 敌人在夜里向我们进攻。 ‎ ‎2. It is reported that this disease attacks the central nervous system. ‎ ‎ 据报道说这种疾病破坏中枢神经系统。 ‎ ‎3. The police are launching a major attack on drug dealers. 警方对毒品贩子发动大规模的攻击。 ‎ ‎4. We must move more players into the attack. 我们要多调配运动员到攻球区。‎ ‎5. They attacked their meal with gusto. 他们大吃大喝。‎ ‎6. This piece of music needs to be played with more attack. ‎ ‎ 这段乐曲的开始部分要演奏得更加雄壮有力。‎ ‎7. England's attack has been weakened by the injury of certain key players. ‎ ‎ 英格兰队某些主力运动员受伤而使攻球削弱。‎ ‎8. Shall we attack the washing-up? 咱们动手洗碗碟好吗? ‎ in trouble ‎ 处于困境 ‎1. You are always getting yourself in trouble. 你总是给自己找麻烦。‎ ‎2. His upset looking gave rise to rumors that he had got in trouble with police. 他不安的神色引发了谣传说他与警方发生了某些纠葛。‎ ‎3. Nothing gives him more pleasure than helping someone in trouble. 没有一件事要比帮助陷入困境的人带给他更大的快乐。‎ ‎4. Do as you're told, otherwise you'll be in trouble. 叫你怎么做就怎么做, 否则有麻烦。‎ ‎5. They stole the car for a lark, but now they're in trouble. 他们偷了汽车原以为好玩, 现在可惹祸了。‎ ‎6. If I cop you cheating again you'll be in trouble. 我要再发现你骗人, 决不轻饶。‎ ‎7. You'll be in trouble if you don't watch your step. 你要是不谨慎从事就要倒霉了。‎ ‎8. I'm in trouble with the police over drugs. 我因毒品事落入警方手中。‎ turn to 求助于,转向 ‎1. The child turned to its mother for comfort. 那孩子向母亲寻求安慰。‎ ‎2. We turned to and got the whole house cleaned in an afternoon. ‎ ‎ 我们起劲地干了起来, 一个下午就把整所房子打扫干净了。‎ ‎3. The parish priest is someone to whom people can turn in difficult times. ‎ ‎ 牧区牧师是人们在困难时可以求助的人。‎ ‎4. She has nobody she can turn to. 她求助无门。‎ ‎5. The more depressed he got, the more he turned to drink. 他情绪越低落越是借酒浇愁。‎ ‎6. I tried to stand on my own two feet rather than turned to my parents. ‎ ‎ 我设法自立而不求助于我的父母。 ‎ ‎7. Turn to the left and you will find the post. 向左转，你会找到邮局的。 ‎ ‎8. Follow the main road until it branches, and then turn to the right. ‎ ‎ 顺着这条大路走，在路的分岔口向右拐。 ‎ lose heart ‎ 丧失勇气,失去信心 ‎1. He fail many times, but he do not lose heart. 他失败了许多次，但他并没有失去信心。‎ ‎2. Difficulties were increasing. Even then we did not lose heart. 尽管困难在增加，但我们毫不灰心。‎ ‎3. He failed many times, but he did not lost heart. 他失败了许多次，但他并没有失去信心。‎ ‎4. No matter what you do, never lose heart. 不管你做什么千万不可泄气。‎ escape n. 逃亡,避难设备 v. 逃脱,避开,溜走 ‎[计算机] 换码 ‎1. The thief jumped into a car and made his escape. 小偷跳上汽车逃走了。 ‎ ‎2. The prisoner has escaped. 犯人逃走了。 ‎ ‎3. Where can we go to escape the crowds? 我们到哪里才能躲开这些人群? ‎ ‎4. The fire-escape is at the back of the building. 太平门在建筑物的后面。 ‎ ‎5. It won't have escaped your notice that I've been unusually busy recently. ‎ ‎ 你一定注意到了我最近一直忙得不得了。 ‎ ‎6. There's gas escaping somewhere can you smell it? 有什么地方漏煤气了，你闻到了吗? ‎ ‎7. There have been few successful escapes from this prison. 没有什么人能从这座监狱逃走. ‎ ‎8. A lion has escaped from its cage. 有一头狮子从笼中逃走了. ‎ educate v. 教育,培养 vt. 教育 ‎1. He had paid out good money to educate his daughter at a boarding school. ‎ ‎ 他花了很多钱让他的女儿在寄宿学校受教育。 ‎ ‎2. She educated her younger daughter at home. 她在自己家里教育她的小女儿。 ‎ ‎3. Where were you educated? ie Which school(s), etc did you go to? 你在哪（些）所学校学习过? ‎ ‎4. The public should be educated in how to use energy more effectively. ‎ ‎ 公众应受到合理地利用能源的教育。‎ ‎5. Parents should educate their children to behave well. 父母应当教育子女守规矩。‎ ‎6. It is not easy to educate teenagers. 教育青少年不是件容易的事。 ‎ ‎7. It is not the way to educate a child by making him do things against his will. ‎ ‎ 勉强他做事不是教育孩子的办法。 ‎ beg v. 请求,乞求 ‎1. I beg your pardon? 对不起,你说什么？(正式场合用语) ‎ ‎2. The boy begged me not to tell his parents. 这个男孩请求我不要告诉他的父母。 ‎ ‎3. He lives by begging. 他以行乞为生。 ‎ ‎4. I beg leave to address the Council. 我请求允许向议会发表演说。 ‎ ‎5. He knew he had hurt her and begged her to forgive him. 他自知伤了她的心而央求她原谅。‎ ‎6. There are hundreds begging in the streets. 街上有数以百计的乞丐。‎ ‎7. May I beg a favour (of you)? 可以（请你）帮个忙吗? ‎ ‎8. He begged (her) for forgiveness. 他请求（她）原谅。‎ reward ‎ n. 报酬,酬谢,赏金 v. 奖赏,酬谢 ‎1. They rewarded the winners with gifts of fruits and flowers.他们奖给优胜者水果和鲜花。‎ ‎2. He got a reward for helping them. 他因帮助他们而拿到一笔酬金。‎ ‎3. A 1000 reward has been offered for the return of the stolen painting. 悬赏1000英镑寻找失窃的画。‎ ‎4. He grudges you your reward. 他很吝啬，不愿给你报酬。‎ ‎5. She deserves a reward for her efforts. 她积极努力, 应得到奖赏.‎ ‎6. You have received a just reward. 你已得到了应有的报酬。‎ ‎7. By rights, half the reward should be mine. 按理说, 有一半奖赏应该是我的。‎ ‎8. They promised to make it worth her while (ie pay or reward her) if she would take part. 他们许诺说她要是参加就一定给她报酬。‎ ‎[词义辨析] award，reward 这两个词都可以用作名词和动词，作名词时，意义相近，但不是同义词。‎ 作名词时，award的意思是“奖品”、“奖金”，其义与prize近似，两者都指因为作出杰出成就而受奖。例：‎ The Olympic winner received a gold medal as an award．‎ He won the second award of $ 2，000．‎ 而reward作名词时，其意为“赏金”、“酬金”或一些非金钱的报酬。例：‎ We will offer a reward of ten thousand dollars for information about the case．如果有人提供有关案件的情报，我们愿意出一万元赏金。‎ We don't expect substantial rewards．我们并不期望得到优厚的报酬。‎ 用作动词时，award的意思是“授与”、“颁发”、“判给”；reward则表示“报答”、“酬谢”之意。例：‎ He was awarded the first prize for Outstanding Industrial Design．他获杰出工业设计一等奖。‎ set up ‎ vi. 建立 ‎1. The slump on Wall Street set up a chain reaction in stock markets around the world. 华尔街金融滑坡引起世界股票市场的连锁反应。‎ ‎2. A hot drink will soon set you up. 你喝杯热饮料马上就精神了。‎ ‎3. A fund will be set up for the dead men's families. 抚恤死难工人家属的基金会即将建立起来。‎ ‎4. A week in the country will set her up nicely after her operation. 她手术后在郊外住上一个星期一定能复原。‎ ‎5. He likes to set himself up as an intellectual. 他喜欢自命为知识分子。‎ ‎6. How long will it take to set up the projector? 把这个放映机安放好需要多长时间?‎ ‎7. Her father set her up in business. 她父亲出钱帮她创业。‎ ‎8. His father set him up as a bookseller. 他父亲资助他做了书商。‎ 二 Notes to difficult sentences ‎ ‎ The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.我初次 遇到纳尔逊·曼德拉是在我一生的一个非常困难的时期。‎ when在句子中引导的是时间定语从句。when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语：‎ ‎(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. ‎ ‎(2) The time when we got together finally came.‎ ‎2. …my family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare. 我的家人不能继续为我支付学费和公交费用。‎ ‎ [词义辨析] fee and fare fee (职业性的咨询或服务所收)费用，报名费，会费。如：doctor’s fees/a membership fee ‎ fare (车、船等)费用，购票所需费用。如：‎ ‎＊Train fares are going up again. ‎ ‎＊Urban crowdedness would be greatly relieved if only the charges_____ on public transport were more reasonable. A) fees B) fares C) payments D) costs ‎ 译文：只要公共交通的收费更合理一些，城市的拥塞情况就可大大缓解。答案是B。 ‎ ‎3. …we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.我们到达了一个完全没有权利的地步。‎ 关系副词where在本句中引导的是地点定语从句。关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：‎ There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。‎ Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.　北京是我的出生地。‎ Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?　这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？‎ ‎…only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只是在那时我才决定以暴制暴。‎ 句首出现only then，谓语部分要部分倒装。‎ 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。Never have I seen such a performance. Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.‎ 当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。‎ 注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。I have never seen such a performance. The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.‎ 三能力测试 ‎ I. Structure and vocabulary ‎1. The weather turned out to be very good, ____ was more than we could expect.‎ A. what B. which C. that D. it　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎2. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.‎ A. which B . that C. where D. when　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎3. The house ______ we live is not large.‎ A. in which B. which C. on which D. at which　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎4. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _____ was very reasonable.‎ A. which price B. its price C. the price of whose D. the price of which ‎5. He lived in London for 3 months, during ____ time he learned some English.‎ A. this B. which C. at which D. some ‎6. I will never forget the day _____ he came to see me.‎ A. that B. which C. at which D. when ‎7. The visitor asked the guide to take his picture _____ stands the famous tower.‎ A. where　B. that C. which D. there ‎8. The tallest building ______ I like most is the one ______ windows face the lake.‎ A./ ;which B./; that C. that; whose　D. which; whose ‎9. I don’t like _____ you speak to her.‎ A. the way B. the way in that　C. the way which　D. the way of which ‎10. What impressed me most was that they never ______.‎ A. lost hearts B. lost their heart C. lost heart D. lost their hearts II. A cloze test Nelson Mandela, b______ on July 18,1918, is the first black president of South Africa. He studied l______ after he entered university. In 1944 he f______ the ANC Youth League. Then in 1952 he set up a law o______ to help poor black people. Because of his fight a______ the government and anti-black laws, he was s______ to five years hard labor. Fighters from ANC began to b______ up buildings in 1963 and he was sentenced to life imprisonment on Robben Island. Twenty-seven years later, he was f______ by the white government,. In 1993 he was m______ president of South Africa and the government by and for black people was finally set up. Nelson Mandela is a g______ man.‎ Ⅲ. Translation ‎ ‎1.他总是乐于帮助那些处于困境中的人。(be willing to do in trouble)‎ ‎2. 我建议立即采取措施。（advise）‎ IV. A multiple-choice test（高考试卷中关系副词when，where， why引导的定语从句专练）‎ ‎1．We are living in an age ____ many things are done on computer. （2003北京春） ‎ A. which B. that C. whose D. when ‎ ‎2. The film brought the hours back to me ____ I was taken good care of in that far away village. （2001） ‎ A. until B. that C. when D. where ‎ ‎3. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, ____ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup. （2000北京、 安徽春） ‎ A. that B. while 　 C. which 　 D. when ‎ ‎4. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a ‎ child. （1996） ‎ A. which B. where C. that D. when ‎ ‎5. We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, ____ other visitors seldom go. （2002北京） ‎ A. what B. which C. where D. when ‎ ‎6. I walked in our garden, ____ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. ‎ ‎（2005辽宁） ‎ A. which B. when C. where D. that ‎ ‎7. We’re just trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk. （2006山东） ‎ A. where B. that C. when D. which ‎ 七选五阅读 ‎（2017高考模拟选编）下面文章中有5个段落需要添加首句(第1～5题)。请从以下选项(A、B、C、D、E和F)中选出适合各段落的首句。选项中有一项是多余选项。 ‎ A．Try different new things.‎ B．Avoid “black and white thinking”．‎ C．Associate with optimistic people.‎ D.Make a plan to stop thinking negatively.‎ E．Understand the benefits of staying positive.‎ F．Adopt the motto “everything happens for a reason”．‎ Develop a positive attitude towards life When you are going through a challenging time，people will just instruct you to think positively.More often than not，thinking positively proves a strategy for interpreting everything that happens to you in a useful，constructive way.If you want to know how to think more positively，just follow these tips.‎ ‎1．________Choosing to think more positively will not only help you take control of your life and make your everyday experiences more pleasant，but it will have countless benefits on your mental and physical health as well as your ability to deal with change.Being aware of ‎ these benefits can help you be even more motivated to think positively on a regular basis.One of the most important benefits of positive thinking is that you are more likely to have better coping skills during times of stress.‎ ‎2．________Don't think everything you are faced with either is or it isn't.In fact，there is what we call the shades of gray in life.Therefore，if something doesn't turn out the way you want it to，make a list of all of the outcomes in between to see that things aren't as serious as they seem.For example，if you get a late start on a paper and think you shouldn't bother because you won't finish it in time，consider the other possibilities.You could finish half the paper and still get a better grade than if you don't turn it in.‎ ‎3．________That means deciding to overcome the negativity that is going on around you—and there will always be plenty of it.Think of what you can do today that is good for you and others.Decide how you will react in ways that will make a difference to your life.Don't let other people ruin your plan.People will often make things seem more important or worrisome than they really are.Making a plan to be more positive will already be a move in the right direction.This will help you to stay positive because you will feel a greater sense of control over your life and your choices.‎ ‎4．________Experiencing a wide variety of life will do wonders.Stepping out of your comfort zone can often take you by surprise and knock those negative thoughts or black and white thoughts right back into their cave.Something as simple as trying a new food in a restaurant can lead to the discovery of new tastes and different feelings，along with the release of negative impressions.Visiting a new town，city，or country and see how other people view the world can help put a positive spin on your life.‎ ‎5．________Optimism is infectious.If you want to be infected by optimism，you should spend time with people who can provide something of value.Look for the positives in other people too—finding what is good in people.Learn to praise people around you.Connect with people who have many passions and want to share them with you.Avoid seeing anyone with a negative outlook，unless you really care about that person and want to change their thoughts.If you tend to think negatively，you'll be falling into a trap.‎ Keys: ‎ Ⅰ. 1-5BCADB 6-10DACCC ‎ Ⅱ. born; law; formed; office; against; sentenced; blow; frees; made; great ‎ Ⅲ. He is always willing to help those (who are) in trouble. I advise that steps (should ) be taken at once. ‎ IV. 1. D 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. A ‎ 七选五阅读 ‎1.E　2.B　3.D　4.A　5.C ‎ A selected English passage for recitation英文精选背诵短文 Become a hero You may believe that you are not a hero. You may believe that your life is so mean, so low, so hopeless and full of drudgery, that you can never rise above it. But I, the Famous Adventurer of Silmaria, know differently.‎ This is a special web site. It can only be accessed by the few, the proud, the True Heroes. If you were not a hero, you would not be here. No matter what your station, no matter how humble your life may be, now that you have found this web site you have only to bookmark it and follow the instructions contained herein, and you will soon be showered with unimaginable glory.‎ But first, you must pay the price. Glory cannot be borrowed, and heroism cannot be stolen. Before you can be free to pursue that which you most secretly and passionately desire, you must be tested.‎ Gather your courage. And when you are ready, brave adventurer... (162 words)‎