【英语】2018届语法二轮复习形容词和副词学案(19页)

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【英语】2018届语法二轮复习形容词和副词学案(19页)

2018 届语法二轮复习:形容词和副词 真题回放 单句改错 1.(2016·新课标Ⅰ) Instead,he hopes that his business will grow steady. 2.(2016·新课标Ⅲ) They were also the best and worse years in my life. 3.(2016·新课标Ⅲ) At one time,I even felt my parents couldn't understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. 4.(2016·四川) The dishes that I cooked were Mom's favoritest. 5.(2016·四川) Mom was grateful and moving. 6.(2015·新课标Ⅰ) Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. 7.(2015·新课标Ⅱ) He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop. 8.(2015·新课标Ⅱ) Dad and I were terrible worried. 9.(2015·陕西) My mum makes the better biscuits in the world,so I decided to ask her for help. 10.(2015·浙江) On the left­hand side of the class, I could easy see the football field. 11.(2014·新课标Ⅰ) Nearly five years before,and with the help of our father,my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes (圣女果) in our back garden... 12.(2014·新课标Ⅰ) The fruits are small in size,but juicy and taste. 13 . (2014 · 新 课 标 Ⅰ ) We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost! 14.(2014·广西) So really friendship should be able to stand all sorts of tests. 15.(2014·浙江) I had noticed that the carriage was noise and filled with people. 16.(2014·浙江) No one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticket­owner before. 17.(2014·辽宁) That is too much for us,considering how closely the houses are. 18.(2014·陕西) My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows at the bird. 答案及解析 1.steady→steadily 句意:相反,他希望他的生意能够稳 步增长。grow“增长”是谓语动词,故用副词修饰。 2.worse→worst 句意:它们也是我生命中最好和最坏的那 些年。此处用最高级,与上文的 the best 呼应。 3.freely→free 句意:起初,我甚至感到我的父母不能理 解我,所以我希望我能够远离他们。be 是连系动词,其后要跟形 容词作表语。 4.favoritest→favorite 句意:我做的菜是妈妈最喜欢的。 favorite“最喜欢的”,没有比较级和最高级形式。 5.moving→moved moving“令人感动的”,moved“感动 的”。根据语境可知,妈妈感到非常感动,故应用 moved。 6.seriously→serious 句意:大量的研究表明:全球变暖 已经成为了一个严重的问题。problem 为名词,前面须用形容词 修饰。 7.去掉 very 句意:他非常喜欢它,于是很快走进了这家商 店。在 so...that...结构中,so 后面的形容词不用 very 修饰。 8.terrible→terribly 句意:爸爸和我都很焦虑。worried 为形容词,修饰形容词时要用副词。 9.better→best 句意:我妈妈做的是世界上最好的饼干, 因此我决定请她帮忙。根据句子后面的限定范围 in the world 可 知,须用最高级。 10.easy→easily 句意:在班上的左手边,我能轻易地看到 足球场。分析句子结构可知,此处修饰动词 see,须用副词。 11.before→ago 句意:大约五年前,在父亲的帮助下,妹 妹和我在后院种了一些圣女果……before 和一段时间连用常表 示过去某时间之前;ago 和一段时间连用则表示现在多长时间之 前。根据句意可知,指离现在约五年前,故用 ago。 12.taste→tasty 句意:这些水果个子很小,但是多汁而且 味道很好。根据 and 前面的形容词 juicy 可知,后面须用形容词 tasty。 13.wonderfully → wonderful 句意:我们没花什么钱而种 出了非常棒的圣女果。从句子结构分析可以看出,名词 tomatoes 前面须用形容词修饰。 14.(2014·广西) So really friendship should be able to stand all sorts of tests. 14.really→real 句意:因此,真正的友谊应该能经得住各 种考验。分析句子结构可知,friendship 是名词,应该使用形容 词 real 作定语修饰 friendship。 15.noise→noisy 句意:我注意到车厢里非常嘈杂,挤满了 人。根据 was 可知,须用 noisy 作表语。 16.previous→previously 句意:之前,车厢里没人与持票 者说话,也没注意到他。根据句子结构可知,此处修饰动词 spoken, 应该用副词 previously 作状语。 17.closely→close 句意:考虑到房子挨得这么近,我们真 是受够了。are 的后面须用形容词作表语,closely 是副词。 18.immediate→immediately 句意:叔叔们立刻跳起来,向 那只鸟射箭。从句子结构分析可知,此处修饰动词 jumped,须用 副词 immediately。 单句语法填空 1.(2016·新课标Ⅰ,63) The title will be ________ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. 2 . (2016 · 新 课 标 Ⅱ , 41) If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work,you should take a step back and identify ( 识 别 ) those of ________ (great) and less importance. 3.(2016·新课标Ⅱ,47) Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks ________ (regular). 4.(2016·新课标Ⅲ,66) Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which ________(gradual) turned into chopsticks. 5.(2016·四川,62) Chinese scientists ________ (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby. 6.(2016·四川,63) She was a very ________ (care) mother. 7 . (2016 · 浙 江 , 6) That young man is honest , cooperative , always there when you need his help.In short,he's ________ (rely). 8.(2016·浙江,18) I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend ________ (many) in the coming years. 9.(2015·新课标Ⅰ,62) A few hours ________,I'd been at home in Hong Kong,with its choking smog. 10.(2015·新课标Ⅰ,69) Abercrombie & Kent,a travel company in Hong Kong,says it ________ (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong. 11.(2015·新课标Ⅱ,45) Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat ________ (slow) during cool nights , thus warming the house. 12.(2015·福建,23) It was ________ (considerately) of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried. 13.(2015·安徽,31) They gave money to the old people's home either ________(personal) or through their companies. 14.(2015·四川,9) Little Tom sat ________ (amaze) watching the monkey dancing in front of him. 15.(2015·重庆,10) Last year was the warmest year on record , with global temperature 0.68 ℃ ________ the average. 16.(2014·新课标Ⅰ,68) While there are ________ (amaze) stories of instant transformation... 17 . (2014 · 新 课 标 Ⅰ , 70) Just be ________(patience). 18.(2014·新课标Ⅱ,43)...some of them looked very anxious and ________ (disappoint). 19.(2014·新课标Ⅱ,50) Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done , and the crowd of strangers ________ (sudden) became friendly to one another. 20.(2014·辽宁,62) Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches,naturally and ________ (soft). 21 . (2014 · 辽 宁 , 63) My legs become ________ (pain). 22.(2014·辽宁,68) The ________ (hard) you try to beat him,the more likely you will get hit. 23.(2014·广东,22) She was ________ (surprise) helpful. 24.(2014·广西,27) Raymond's parents wanted him to have the ________ (good) possible education. 25.(2014·湖北,28) Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase,she gave him a ________ (tolerance) smile and let him go. 26.(2014·安徽,33) It's our hope that we will play a greater role in the market place and,________,supply more jobs. 答案及解析 1.officially 句意:这个头衔会在伦敦的典礼上正式地被 授予我。修饰动词应用副词形式。 2.greater 句意:如果你因为工作责任而感到有压力的话, 那么你应该暂缓一下,识别哪些事情更重要,哪些不太重要。由 and 连接两个并列成分可知,great 应与 less 并列,故用比较级 greater。 3.regularly 句意:近期的研究表明,如果有规律地短暂休 息,我们的工作效率会更高。形容词通常在句中作定语或表语。 此处修饰动词短语 take short breaks,需用副词。 4.gradually 句意:小块的食物用树枝更容易吃到,这样树 枝就逐渐演变成了筷子。所填词修饰动词,所以用副词形式。 5.recently 句意:最近,中国的科学家有机会研究一只带 着新出生的熊猫宝宝的野生雌性大熊猫。在句中作状语应用副词 形式。 6.caring/careful 句意:她是一位非常体贴的/细心的妈妈。 修饰名词应用形容词形式。caring“体贴的,关心他人的”和 careful“细心的”均符合语境。 7.reliable 句意:那个年轻人很诚实,有合作精神,当你 需要他的帮助的时候,他总会在那里。简而言之,他可以信赖。be 动词后面要接形容词作表语。 8.(2016·浙江,18) I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend ________ (many) in the coming years. 8.more 句意:我一直很喜欢你组织的所有的活动,并且希 望未来的几年里参加更多的活动。此处暗含比较意义,故用比较 级形式。 9.before/earlier 句意:几小时之前,我待在香港的家, 那 里 有 令 人 窒 息 的 雾 。 结 合 语 境 用 before 或 earlier 表 示 “在……之前”。 10.regularly 句意:……说它经常为住在上海和香港的人 安排快速通道。此处需要一个副词修饰动词 arranges。 11.slowly 句意:土坯的墙壁在热天能够吸收来自太阳的热 量,并在寒冷的夜晚慢慢释放出那些热量,从而温暖房间。修饰 动词短语 give out 要用副词。 12.considerate 句意:以防我们担心,迈克通知我们他耽 搁了,他考虑得真周全。此处需要一个形容词作表语,形容人的 特性。 13.(2015·安徽,31) They gave money to the old people's home either ________(personal) or through their companies. 13.personally 句意:他们通过个人或以公司的名义把钱送 到老年之家。根据句意可知,这里需要一个副词修饰动词 gave。 14.amazed 句意:小汤姆惊讶地坐在那儿观看猴子在他面前 跳舞。此处用 amazed 说明主语的状态。 15.above 句意:去年是有记录以来最暖和的一年,全球的 温度比平均温度高出了 0.68 度。根据上文的 the warmest 可知, 应为 above。above the average“超出平均数”。 16.amazing 句意:尽管有瞬间转移这种令人难以置信的故 事……空处作名词 stories 的定语,表示事物的特性,故用形容 词 amazing“令人难以置信的”。 17 . (2014 · 新 课 标 Ⅰ , 70) Just be ________(patience). 17.patient 句意:耐心一点。作表语,应用形容词;此处 表示特性,意为“耐心的”。 18.disappointed 句意:……他们中的一些看上去很着急和 失望。and 连接两个并列成分,根据前面的形容词 anxious 判断 填形容词;表示人的感受,应填 disappointed“失望的”。 19.suddenly 句意:在车上的每个人都在谈论那个男孩的作 为,这些陌生人突然就变得相互友好起来。修饰句子的谓语 became friendly,应用副词形式。 20.softly 句意:双膝微微弯曲,将你的手臂尽量自然柔软 地像树枝一样伸展开。and 连接两个并列成分,根据前面的 naturally 可知填 softly。 21.painful 句意:我的腿开始疼起来。become 是系动词, 所以填形容词,作表语。 22.harder 句意:你越用劲打他,你越有可能被打。根据后 边的 the more likely 可知,此处是“the+比较级...,the+ 比较级...”结构。 23.surprisingly 句意:她出乎意料地有帮助。修饰形容词 helpful 用副词 surprisingly“出乎意料地”。 24.best 句意:雷蒙德的父母想让他接受最好的教育。the best 意为“最好的”,是固定用法。 25.tolerant 句意:她并没有责备那个打碎了花瓶的孩子, 而是给了他一个宽容的微笑,让他走了。本空要填的词作名词 smile 的定语,所以用形容词 tolerant“宽容的”。 26.therefore 句意:我们将在市场上发挥更大的作用,并 因此提供更多的工作机会,这是我们的希望。由前面的 a greater role 与空后的 more jobs 可知,本空要填的词需要表示因果关系, 故用 therefore“因此;所以”。 形容词或副词在短文改错中的运用 1.分析形容词或副词在句子中所作的成分和起的作用。作表 语时除了地点副词外均用形容词;作定语时,若前置须用形容词, 若后置可能用地点副词或形容词短语;作状语时除了有少数几个 能表示主语情况的形容词外,一般为副词。 2.分析句意及其修饰词,查看形容词和副词的形式。如有 “in+范围”或“of+范围”来限定范围,需用最高级形式。 3.分析句子结构,查看形容词或副词的形式。如 than..., the more...,the more...;can't...more...等须用比较级形 式。 4.注意一些习惯表达,查看形容词或副词的形式。如 sooner or later,what's more/worse 等。 (2015·陕西) I thought the biscuits were really well. (2014·四川) Don't panic or get out of line,and try to remain quiet and calmly. 【解析】well→good 句意:我认为这些饼干确实很好。well 为形容词作表语时,意为“身体好”;good 作表语时,意为“(质 量、品德等)好的”。根据句意可知,此处指饼干质量好,应用 good。 【解析】calm→calmly 句意:不要惊慌或乱套,而要设法保 持安静和冷静。此句中 remain 为系动词,后接形容词作表语。 形容词或副词在短文语法填空中的运用 1.准确理解句意,分析句子结构,判断空格处要填的词在句 子中作什么成分。如果用来修饰名词或位于系动词后作表语,应 为形容词;如果用来修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子,则为 副词。 2.观察空格后是否有表示比较的提示词 than,表示比较范 围的 in/of 短语、定语从句,使用比较级的固定句式,如“the+ 比较级...,the+比较级...”结构等,以此判断是否需要填形 容词或副词的比较等级。另外,解题时还要注意上下文提供的一 些暗示信息。 (2015·新课标Ⅱ,49/50) As ________ (nature) architects,the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ________ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. (2014·新课标Ⅰ,66) Finally,that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is ________ (clean) than ever. 【解析】natural;how 句意:作为天生的建筑师,小城镇的 印第安人精确地计算出土坯房的墙壁需要多厚来使这个循环在大 部分时间运作。形容词修饰名词,natural“天生的”;第二空填 how 表示程度,意为“多么”,后面接形容词或副词。 【解析】cleaner 句意:终于,那份艰辛的付出有了回报, 现在河里的水比之前干净。根据后面的 than 可知应填比较级。 考点知识回顾 一、与形容词同形的副词 句子中,形容词一般用作定语修饰名词,表语说明主语的性 质、状态等或宾语补足语说明宾语的情况。副词一般用作状语, 修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子等。 但是,也有少数几个形容词,如 tired,hungry,dead 等也 可作状语,说明主语当时的情况。同时,也有的副词,如 here, there 等也可作后置定语。 一般情况下形容词词尾加­ly 可以构成副词,但有的形容词 以­ly 结尾,如 friendly,lively,lovely,manly 等。另外, 英语中也有一类副词,不是以­ly 结尾,而是与形容词同形,这 两种同根的副词意义大都不同。 (1) 通常与形容词同形的副词表示直接、具体意义,­ly 结尾 的副词表示抽象意义。常用的这类副词有: {high高地 highly高度地 {wide充分张开地 widely广泛地 {deep深地 deeply深深地 {close近地 closely密切地 An eagle is circling high overhead. The government thinks highly of his invention. She opened her mouth wide so that the doctor could see clearly. These school rules are widely regarded as too strict. The scientists went deep into the cave. We were all deeply moved by his story. (2) 也有一些这样的副词意义毫无关联。 hard;hardly hard 努力地;艰苦地 hardly 几乎不 She worked hard and succeeded eventually. He was so weak that he could hardly say a word. late;lately late“晚;迟”,是具体的时间晚了、迟到了;lately“近来; 最近;前不久”。 Tom arrived late and missed the beginning of the meeting. The old man has been doing a lot of gardening lately. most;mostly most“十分;非常;很” mostly“大部分地;主要地” This is a most beautiful park. She uses her car mostly for going to work. 二、形容词和副词的比较等级 等级 形式 意义 ...as+原级+as... ……和……一样…… 原级 ...not as/so+原级+ as... ……不如…… ...比较级+than... ……比……更…… the+比较级...,the+ 比较级... 越……就越…… 比较级+and+比较级... 越来越…… 比较 级 the+比较级+of the two(+名词) 两者中较……的那 个 ...最高级+比较范围 ……中最…… ...比较级+than any other+单数名词 比任何一个…… 都…… ...比较级+than all the other+复数名词 比其他所有…… 都…… ...比较级+than anything/ 最高 级 anyone else 比任何一个…… 都…… (否定句中)...a/an+比 较级+单数可数名词 没有比……更…… 的 Tom sings as well as that famous singer. He doesn't play the piano as well as his father. She looks younger than her younger sister. He learns more quickly than his roommates. The more he studies,the happier he feels. The girl becomes more and more excited. The taller one of the two girls is my deskmate. Of all the students in this class , Mary is the best. How beautifully she draws!I have never seen a better picture. 三、通过倍数的修饰来表示比较意义的句式 (1)...倍数+as...as... Your school is three times as big as ours. (2)...倍数+比较级+than... Your school is three times bigger than ours. (3) . .. 倍 数 + the size(height , width , length , etc.)of... Your school is three times the size of ours. (4) 倍数+what 从句 Our average income is almost five times what we earned five years ago. (5) 比较级+than...+by+倍数 The population of this city is larger than that of our city by three times. 四、熟记构词法——形容词、副词 名词变形容词的方法 (1) 一些名词,包括一些与“天气”有关的名词,后面加­y 可变成形容词。如 rain—rainy,cloud—cloudy,wind—windy, snow—snowy 等。 第一,以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母的名词, 将其变为形容词时须双写词尾的辅音字母再加­y。如:sun—sunny, fun—funny 等。第二,少数以不发音的­e 结尾的名词变为形容 词时,应去掉­e,再加­y。如:noise—noisy,ice—icy 等。 (2) 一些抽象名词在其词尾加­ful 可以变为形容词。如 care—careful,help—helpful,use—useful 等。 (3) 一些表示国家的名词可以在其词尾加­ese 或­n 构成形容 词 。 如 Japan—Japanese , America—American , Australia—Australian 等 。 注 意 : Canada—Canadian , China—Chinese,England—English。 (4) 在名词后加­ous 变成形容词。如 danger—dangerous 等。 (5) 在名词后加­ly 变成形容词。如 friend—friendly , love—lovely 等。 (6) 在名词后加­less 变成含有否定意义的形容词。如 care—careless ( 粗 心 的 ) , use—useless ( 无 用 的 ) , hope—hopeless (没希望的),home—homeless (无家可归的)等。 (7)一些以­ence 结尾的名词,把­ence 改为­ent 变成形容词。 如 difference—different,silence—silent 等。 (8) 在名词后加­al 或去掉­e 再加­al 或 ial 构成形容词。如 critic—critical,nature—natural,crime—criminal 等。 形容词变副词的方法: (1) 一 般 在 形 容 词 的 词 尾 加 ­ ly 将 其 变 成 副 词 。 如 quick—quickly , slow—slowly , loud—loudly , sudden—suddenly 等。 (2) 一些以辅音字母加 y 结尾的形容词,要把­y 改为­i,再 加­ly。如 happy—happily,angry—angrily,lucky—luckily, heavy—heavily,noisy—noisily 等。 (3) 有些以­ble 或­le 结尾的形容词,去掉­e 再加­y。如 possible—possibly,terrible—terribly 等。 (4) 少数以­e 结尾的形容词,要去掉­e 再加­ly。如 true—truly 等。但绝大多数以­e 结尾的形容词仍然直接加­ly。 如 polite—politely,wide—widely 等。 (5) 以­l 结尾的形容词要在词尾加­ly,以­ll 结尾的形容词 要在词尾加­y 。如 usual—usually ,careful—carefully , useful—usefully,full—fully 等。
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