(全)高考英语语法虚拟语气-专题汇总

(全)高考英语语法虚拟语气-专题汇总

高考英语语法虚拟语气-专题汇总 虚拟语气谓语动词的几种表现形式 ‎1. 用在虚拟条件句中 虚拟条件句及其主句的谓语形式可归纳如下:‎ 例1：I would certainly go if I had the time.‎ 例2：How nice it would be if you could stay a bit longer.‎ 例3：She would have come if we had invited her.‎ 注：如果条件从句中包含有were, had, should或could，有时可把if省略掉，但这时要把were, had, should或could放在主语前面(这种结构在口语中较少使用)。‎ 例如：‎ ‎1)Had we made adequate preparations, we might have succeeded.‎ Had we made = If we had made ‎2)Were there no gravity, there would be no air around us.‎ ‎3)Should it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.‎ ‎2. 用在含蓄条件句中 句子中，假设的情况不用条件从句表示出来，而是用一个介词短语来表示，句子的谓语形式也可遵循上表的规则。‎ 这种用法也常见于or, or else, otherwise和but后面的分句中。‎ 例如：‎ ‎1)Without music, the world would be a dull place.‎ ‎2)But for your help, we would have failed.‎ ‎3)She would have gone with us, but she didn’t have time.‎ ‎4)He must have had an accident, or he would have been here then.‎ ‎3.用在错综时间条件句中 有时候，条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时，谓语动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整，这种句子可称作错综时间条件句。‎ 例如：‎ ‎1)If you hadn’t watched television so late, you wouldn’t be so sleepy now.‎ 此句为时间交错的虚拟条件句，从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，主句则假设与现在情况相反 ‎2)If you were in better health, we would have allowed you to join them in the work.‎ 从句表示与现在事实相反的假设，主句则表示一种与过去事实相反的设想.‎ ‎4.用在wish后的宾语从句中 这种句子主要表示愿望，that常省略。‎ 若指现在或将来的愿望，从句用过去时;若指过去没有实现的愿望，从句用过去完成时。‎ 例如：‎ ‎1)I wish I had learned to play chess.(与过去事实相反)‎ ‎2)I wish I remembered his address.(与现在事实相反)‎ ‎3)I wish he would try again.(对将来情况的假设)‎ 若wish 后的宾语从句中用would，可以表示请求，通常意味着说话人的不快或不满。‎ 例如：‎ ‎1)I wish you would help us.‎ ‎2)I wish you would stop asking such silly questions.‎ ‎5.用在if>当表示“但愿”，“要是…就好”时，它的用法和wish基本相同，只是更富有感情色彩，表示一时很难实现的愿望。‎ 例如：‎ ‎1)If>2)If>6.用在以as if (as though) 引出的方式状语从句中 当表示过去想象中的动作或情况时，用过去完成时;当表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑时，用一般过去时。‎ 例如：‎ ‎1)The old couple loved the orphan girl as if she had been their daughter.‎ ‎2)It seems as if it were spring.‎ ‎7.用在某些虚拟的定语从句中 例1：He was the very person I should have been wished to see.‎ 例2：It’s (high) time that we went to class.‎ ‎8.用以表示说话人的主观愿望或选择，仅用在一些惯用句型的从句中 例1：I’d rather they came tomorrow.‎ 例2：He’d rather I went to Fuzhou by sea.‎ 例3：I’d just as soon you didn’t watch television this evening.‎ 但had rather, would rather, would just as soon, would sooner等惯用语如用在简单句中，其后都用不加to的动词不定式。‎ 例如：‎ ‎1)I’d rather die than give up my principle.‎ ‎2)I’d just as soon (would sooner) resign than take part in such dishonest deals.‎ ‎2‎ 用固定的情态动词表示的虚拟语气 ‎1. should +动词原形(有时省略should)‎ ‎(1)用在动词如advise, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, urge等后的宾语从句中。‎ 例如：‎ ‎1)They requested that we (should) send a delegation to their country.‎ ‎2)She urged that he write and accept the post.‎ ‎(2)用在it is suggested, it is desired, it is required, it was ordered, it was proposed, it has been decided, it is necessary (essential, imperative, important, desirable) that等引出的主语从句中。‎ 例如：‎ ‎1)It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight.‎ ‎2)It is necessary that the teacher (should) have a thorough knowledge of the subject he teaches.‎ ‎(3)用在suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendation, plan, idea, requirement等引起的表语从句和同位语从句.‎ 例如：He put his coat over the child lest he should catch cold.‎ ‎2.用在表示比拟的方式状语从句中 例如：They talked as if they had been friends for years.‎ ‎3.用在表示虚拟情况的定语从句中 例如：It is high time you handed in your test paper.‎ ‎4.用在某些表示主观愿望的名词从句中 例1：I wish I were as strong as you.‎ 例2：He insisted that we (should) take up the matter at the meeting.‎ ‎5.用在婉转的请求、建议、批评等句子中 例1：Could you spare me a few minutes?‎ 例2：You might have told me earlier.‎ 例3：Hadn’t you better go and see you dentist about that tooth?‎ ‎6.用在表示祝愿的简单句中 例1：Long live world peace.‎ 例2：May you succeed.‎ 附-容易混淆的英语词组列举分析 ‎1. clothes, cloth, clothing clothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数，‎ cloth指布，为不可数名词 clothing 服装的总称，指一件衣服用 a piece of, an article of ‎2. amount, number amount后接不可数名词，‎ number后接可数名词 a number of students ‎3. sound, voice, noise sound自然界各种各样的声音，‎ voice人的嗓音，‎ noise噪音 I hate the loud noise outside.‎ ‎4. cause, reason cause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，‎ 后接of sth./doing sth，‎ reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，‎ 后接for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late ‎5. exercise, exercises, practice exercise运动，锻炼（不可数），‎ exercises练习（可数），‎ practice（反复做的）练习 Practice makes perfect.‎ ‎6. officer, official officer部队的军官，‎ official政府官员 an army officer ‎7. work, job 二者均指工作。‎ work不可数，job可数 a good job ‎8. cook, cooker cook厨师，cooker厨具 He is a good cook.‎ ‎9. problem, question problem常和困难联系，‎ 前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise，‎ question常和疑问联系 多和ask, answer连用 ‎10. a number of, the number of a number of许多，谓语动词用复数。‎ the number of…的数目，谓语动词用单数。‎ The number of students is increasing.‎ ‎11. chick, chicken 二者均可指小鸡，‎ chicken还可以当鸡肉 The chicken is delicious.‎ ‎12. trip, journey, travel, voyage travel是最常用的，‎ trip指短期的旅途，‎ journey指稍长的旅途，‎ voyage指海上航行 a three-day trip ‎13. in front of, in the front of in front of范围外的前面 in the front of范围内的前面 In the front of the room sits a boy.‎ ‎14. three of us, the three of us three of us我们（不止三个）中的三个，‎ the three of us我们三个（就三个人）‎ The three of us---Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema.‎ ‎15. by bus, on the bus by bus表手段，方式，不用冠词，‎ on the bus表范围 They went there by bus.‎ ‎16. for a moment, for the moment for a moment 片刻，一会儿，‎ for the moment暂时，一时 Thinking for a moment, he agreed.‎ ‎17. in a word, in words in a word总之，一句话，‎ in words口头上 In a word, you are right.‎ ‎18. in place of, in the place of in place of代替，‎ in the place of在…地方 A new building is built in the place of the old one.‎ ‎19. go to sea, by sea, by the sea go to sea当海员，出航，‎ by sea乘船，由海路，‎ by the sea在海边 go by sea ‎20. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacher the doctor and teacher 指一个人，既是医生又是老师，‎ the doctor and the teacher 两个人，一个医生和一个老师