【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题形容词和副词考点学案（12页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题形容词和副词考点学案（12页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题 形容词和副词考点学案 ‎——典题尝试(单句改错)‎ ‎1．(2018·银川质检)As we all know, a good learning environment is of significantly importance if we want to study well.significantly→significant ‎2．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)The teenage years from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and worse years in my life. worse→worst_‎ ‎3．(2016·四川高考)The dishes that I cooked were Mom's favoritest. favoritest→favorite_‎ ‎ ——规则点拨 一、形容词和副词原级比较的用法 ‎1．基本用法。‎ 表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as＋原级形容词/副词＋as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“not so/as＋原级形容词/副词＋as”的结构。‎ This building looks not so/as high as that one.‎ 这座大楼看上去不如那座高。‎ Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you.‎ 徐小姐说英语和你一样流利。‎ ‎2．特殊句式。‎ ‎(1)sth.is as much A as it is B的意思是“某物既是A也是B”。‎ Teaching is as much an art as it is a science.‎ 教学既是一门艺术也是一门科学。‎ ‎(2)A is to B as C is to D的意思是“A对于B来说就好像C对于D一样”。‎ Books is to him as water is to fish.‎ 书对于他来说就好像水对于鱼来说一样重要。‎ ‎3．“as＋形容词＋as＋数量词”，这时“as ...as ...”结构通常译为“多达，长达，宽达，高达”等。‎ The tree is as tall as 13 meters.‎ 这棵树高达13米。‎ 二、形容词和副词比较级的用法 ‎ ‎1．双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级＋than”的结构表示。‎ This picture is more beautiful than that one.‎ 这幅画比那幅要漂亮。‎ ‎2．表示一方不及另一方时，用“less＋原级＋than”的结构表示。‎ This room is less beautiful than that one.‎ 这间房间不如那间漂亮。‎ ‎3．表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even, a lot, a bit, a little, still, much, far, yet, by far等修饰。‎ He works even harder than before.‎ 他比以前工作更努力了。‎ ‎4．表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the＋比较级(主语＋谓语), the＋比较级(主语＋谓语)”的结构，意为“越……就越……”。‎ The harder he works, the happier he feels.‎ 他工作越努力就越高兴。‎ ‎5．不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级＋and＋比较级”的结构。‎ The weather is getting colder and colder.‎ 天气变得越来越冷。‎ 三、形容词和副词最高级的用法 ‎ ‎1．三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the＋最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常跟有表示比较范围的介词短语。‎ Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.‎ 张华是这三个人中最高的那个。‎ ‎2．最高级可以被序数词以及much, by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not quite, not really, nothing like等词语所修饰。‎ This hat is by far/much/nearly/almost/not really/by no means/not quite/nothing like the biggest.‎ 这顶帽子显然/绝对/几乎/差不多/远非/绝不/不完全/完全不是最大的。‎ How much did the second most expensive hat cost?‎ 第二贵的那顶帽子花了多少钱？‎ ‎[注意事项]‎ ‎1．某些以ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有：inferior (劣等的，次的)，superior(较好的，优于……), junior(资历较浅的), senior(资格较老的)等。‎ He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry.‎ 他在化学上比张老师优秀。‎ ‎2．否定词加比较级表示最高级的意思。‎ I can't think of a better idea.‎ 这是我想到的最好的办法了。‎ ‎3．表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent, extreme, perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。‎ ‎ ——对点演练(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．(2018·广东湛江调研)The more support you win from others, the_faster_(fast) you will move toward your goal.‎ ‎2．(2018·山西四校联考)I was scanning the restaurant, waiting to sit at the first table that was_more_convenient (convenient) than others.‎ ‎3．(2018·河北唐山调研)Al's adult son, Ernie, however, is one of the_kindest_ (kind) men I have ever known.‎ ‎4．At that time I knew it had to be a significant day to them. Nothing could be better (good) if someone offered to help them.‎ ‎5．I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time — there are more_meaningful (meaningful) things to do.‎ 形容词、副词词形变化或词性转 换 ‎ ——典题尝试(单句改错)‎ ‎1．(2018·成都三诊)How exciting and grateful his parents were to meet him！exciting→excited ‎2．(2017·江苏高考改编) Only five years after Steve Jobs' death, smartphones defeated convention PCs in sales. convention→conventional ‎3．(2018·东北三省四市联考)It reminds me of my childhood and of the old man who didn't real want to make money by painting._real→really_‎ ‎4．(2018·河南豫南九校质量考评)And you will possible find proper solutions with the help of your schoolmates.possible→possibly ‎ ‎5．(2018·江西红色七校联考)We came to the foot of the hill and selected a place that looked suitably and settled down.suitably→suitable ‎ ——规则点拨 一、名词变形容词的方法 ‎1．一些名词，包括一些与“天气”有关的名词，后面加y可变成形容词。如rain—rainy, cloud—cloudy, wind—windy, snow—snowy等。‎ ‎2．一些抽象名词在其词尾加ful可以变为形容词。如care—careful, help—helpful, use—useful等。‎ ‎3．一些表示国家的名词可以在其词尾加ese或n构成形容词。如Japan—Japanese, America—American, Australia—Australian等。注意：Canada—Canadian, China—Chinese, England—English。‎ ‎4．在名词后加ous变成形容词。如danger—dangerous等。‎ ‎5．在名词后加ly变成形容词。如friend—friendly, love—lovely等。‎ ‎6．在名词后加less变成含有否定意义的形容词。如care—careless (粗心的), use—useless (无用的), hope—hopeless (没希望的), home—homeless (无家可归的)等。‎ ‎7．一些以ence结尾的名词，把ence改为ent变成形容词。如difference—different, silence—silent等。‎ ‎8．在名词后加al或去掉e再加al或inal构成形容词。如 critic—critical, nature—natural, crime—criminal等。‎ 二、形容词变副词的方法 ‎1．一般在形容词的词尾加ly将其变成副词。‎ 如quick—quickly, slow—slowly, loud—loudly, sudden—suddenly等。‎ ‎2．一些以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，要把y改为i，再加ly。如happy—happily, angry—angrily, lucky—luckily, heavy—heavily, noisy—noisily等。‎ ‎3．有些以ble或le结尾的形容词，去掉e再加y。如possible—possibly, terrible—terribly等。‎ ‎4．少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加ly。如true—truly等。但绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加ly。如polite—politely, wide—widely等。‎ ‎5．以l结尾的形容词要在词尾加ly，以ll结尾的形容词要在词尾加y。如usual—usually, careful—carefully, useful—usefully, full—fully等。‎ ‎[注意事项]‎ ‎1．以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母的名词，将其变为形容词时须双写词尾的辅音字母再加y。如：sun—sunny, fun—funny等。‎ ‎2．少数以不发音的e结尾的名词变为形容词时，应去掉e，再加y。如：noise—noisy, ice—icy等。‎ ‎ ——对点演练(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．(2018·山西晋商四校联考)On one very dangerous (danger) part of the path, Ian fell three meters off the side of the path.‎ ‎2．(2018·山东临沂一模) It is one of the most amazing_(amaze) TV shows from an artistic point of view.‎ ‎3．(2018·山西重点中学协作体一模)According to an actor, his acting was so convincing_(convince) and amusing that everybody couldn't help bursting into laughter.‎ ‎4．(2018·河北唐山调研) Neither Al nor his wife took the condition very seriously ‎(serious)．‎ ‎5．(2018·山东师大附中模拟) That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely (polite) declined her invitation, closed my book and walked away.‎ ‎6．(2018·河南部分重点中学联考) She selflessly_(selfless) covered her own coat around his shoulders.‎ ‎1．考查形容词或副词的比较等级 所给提示词是形容词或副词时，需考虑是否变为比较级或最高级。 ‎ ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Even________ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.‎ 解析：worse　短语even worse意为“更糟糕的是”，表示意义的递进。故填worse。‎ ‎②(2016·全国卷Ⅱ) If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of ________ (great) and less importance. ‎ 解析：greater　本空所填之词与less是并列关系，应用比较级的形式。‎ ‎③(2014·辽宁高考)The ________ (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit.‎ 解析：harder　这里是“the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...”句式，表示“越……就越……”。‎ ‎2．考查词类转换 ‎ 所给提示词是形容词时，还需要考虑形容词转化为副词或名词。‎ ‎① (2017·全国卷Ⅱ)The Central London Railway was one of the most________ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. ‎ 解析：successful　根据语境并结合空前的the most可知，空处表达最高级意义。故填successful。‎ ‎② (2017·全国卷Ⅲ)It is________ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. ‎ 解析：certainly　此处fun是名词，但空处修饰整个句子，作状语，故填certainly。‎ ‎③(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The title will be ________ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. ‎ 解析：officially　修饰动词应用副词形式。‎ ‎④(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ________ (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.‎ 解析：ability　空格前的their是形容词性物主代词，其后应该接名词。‎ ‎1．形容词与副词的错用 ‎ 示例 ‎①(2015·浙江高考)On the lefthand side of the class, I could easy see the football field. 答案：easy→easily ‎②(2015·陕西高考)I thought the biscuits were really well. 答案：well→good 点拨 ‎①修饰名词应用形容词而不用副词，修饰动词应用副词而不用形容词；‎ ‎②系动词后作表语应用形容词而不用副词。‎ ‎2．形近引起的错用 示例 ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ) A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. 答案：late→later ‎②(2014·辽宁高考)Beside, Cleo tends to bark an average of six hours a day.答案：Beside→Besides 点拨 有些词词形看似差不多但实际词意相差甚远，例如：‎ ‎①hard用作副词时表示“努力地”，而hardly表示“几乎不”；‎ ‎②sometimes表示“有时”，而sometime表示“某个时候”；‎ ‎③high表示具体的高，而highly表示抽象的高。‎ ‎④late, later, lately：‎ late adj.迟到；近深夜的 adv.迟；晚 ‎ later(也是late的比较级) adj.后来的；以后的 adv.后来；以后 ‎ lately adv.(＝recently)最近；近来 ‎ ‎⑤besides与beside: besides作介词，后应接宾语，表示“除……之外(还)”；作副词，表示与上文的递进关系，意为“此外”；beside只能作介词，意为“在旁边(或附近)”。‎ ‎3．比较等级的错用 示例 ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together.答案：earlier→early ‎②(2015·陕西高考)My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decided to ask her for help. 答案：better→best 点拨 ‎①比较级与最高级的错用。表示二者比较用比较级；表示三者或三者以上比较用最高级；‎ ‎②原级与比较级的错用。若句中有than或暗含比较意味用比较级，若没有比较意味或表示同等程度的比较则用原级；‎ ‎③比较级的重复。若形容词或副词后面加了er，前面就不能再用more。‎ ‎[增分技法]‎ ‎1．正确使用形容词和副词。 ‎ ‎①那天我病得很厉害，不幸的是，爸爸也不在家。‎ I was seriously ill that day, but unfortunately, Dad wasn't at home. ‎ ‎②又惊又怕，他不知道该怎么办。‎ Frightened and surprised, he was at a loss what to do.‎ ‎2．正确使用比较级、最高级。 ‎ ‎①说着容易做着难。‎ It's easier said than carried out. ‎ ‎②现在，学好英语是你最重要的事情。‎ At the moment, learning English well is by far the most important thing for you. ‎ ‎[巧用增分]‎ ‎①唱歌可以使人放松，也可以帮助减轻压力。(sing songs, relaxing, reduce stress)‎ Singing_songs_is_relaxing,_which_can_help_reduce_stress.‎ ‎②我听说你上周病了。你现在轻一点了吗？(be ill, any better)‎ I_hear_that_you_were_ill_last_week._Are_you_any_better_now?‎ ‎③我认为英语要比数学容易得多、有趣得多。(使用much修饰比较级)‎ I_think_English_is_much_easier_and_much_more_interesting_than_maths._‎ ‎[题点对点练] ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2018·湖北襄阳调研)Thanks for your last letter. I am_pleased (pleasant) to hear all your news.‎ ‎2．His past record is certainly something to be proud (pride) of.‎ ‎3．(2018·聊城一模)One of the worst (bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher, Ms Chen. ‎ ‎4．(2018·唐山一中仿真模拟)However, there are still some other people who have made lots of money at even younger (young) ages.‎ ‎5．(2018·郑州高三诊断)But he said they also had more sugar and salt, so they tasted much better (good)．‎ ‎6．(2018·保定模拟)As we know, the greater difficulty we meet on our way to success, the more_likely (likely) we will be able to achieve ‎ our goals.‎ ‎7．(2018·河北隆化存瑞中学高三质检)There are amazing (amaze) things in the world.‎ ‎8．(2018·龙岩质检)No one is beyond the law, so it is reasonable (reason) that the talented young university student was sentenced to death for murdering his roommate with poison.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．(2018·成都外国语学校月考)His calming, gentle voice did wonders and I decided to study harder and complete my graduation early.early→earlier ‎2．(2018·安徽示范性高中第二次联考)If smokers can't quit smoking once and for all, they can reduce the number of cigarettes they have per day until this bad habit is dropped complete.complete→completely ‎3．(2018·四川成都五校联考) In our life, we will be nice to other people, but when facing our parents，we are patient and even argue with them.patient→impatient ‎4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, which is on the rooftop of their house.interesting→interested ‎5．(2018·河北沧州联考)Aimed at a platform for students to exchange their books, the annually book fair will be held in our school.annually→annual Ⅲ.单句写作 ‎1．李华各科成绩都很好。在我看来，与其说他聪明，不如说他勤奋。(do well in, subject, in my opinion, diligent, intelligent)‎ Li_Hua_does_well_in_all_his_subjects._In_my_opinion,_he_is_more_diligent_than_intelligent._‎ ‎2．在全身心投入之后，他发现学英语越来越有趣，并且他的英语成绩也越来越好。(put one's heart into, find, get better)‎ After_putting_his_heart_into_it,_he_finds_learning_English_more_a nd_more_interesting_and_his_English_is_getting_better_and_better._‎ ‎3．他给我们讲了一个吸引人的故事，我们被他的故事迷住了。(fascinating, be fascinated by)‎ He told us a fascinating story and we were fascinated by his story. ‎ ‎[题型综合练] ‎ Ⅰ.语法填空 ‎ ‎(2018·湖南郴州模拟)High in thick bamboo forests in the misty, __1__ (rain) mountains of southwestern China __2__ (live) one of the world's rarest mammals: the giant panda, also called the panda. Only about 1,000 of these blackandwhite __3__ (relative) of bears survive in the wild.‎ Pandas eat almost nothing __4__ bamboo shoots and leaves. __5__ (occasion) they eat other plants, fish, or small animals, but bamboo accounts __6__ 99 percent of their diets. Pandas eat fast; they eat a lot, and they spend about 12 hours a day __7__ (do) it. The reason is that they digest only about a __8__ (five) of what they eat. Overall, bamboo is not very nutritious. To stay healthy, they have to eat a lot — up to 15 percent of their body weight in 12 hours — so they eat fast.‎ Pandas' molars (臼齿) are very broad and flat. The shape of these teeth helps the animals crush the bamboo shoots, leaves, and stems they eat. __9__ (get) the bamboo to their mouths, they hold the stems with their front claws, which have enlarged wrist bones that act as thumbs for grasping things. A panda should have at least two bamboo species where it lives, or it will starve. Pandas are shy; they never leave areas __10__ they live. This restricts pandas to very limited areas.‎ ‎1．rainy　此处与misty并列修饰名词mountains，故应用形容词形式。‎ ‎2．lives　句子的主语为“one of the world's rarest mammals”，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。‎ ‎3．relatives　relative为可数名词，且此处被these修饰，因此用复数形式。‎ ‎4．but　nothing but意为“除了……外什么也不”。‎ ‎5．Occasionally　此处作状语应用副词形式。‎ ‎6．for　account for为固定搭配，意为“占(比例)”。‎ ‎7．doing　spend time (in) doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事”。‎ ‎8．fifth　此处指五分之一，分母用序数词表示。‎ ‎9．To get　作目的状语应用动词不定式。‎ ‎10．where　先行词为areas，定语从句中关系词作地点状语，故用关系副词where。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 ‎(2018·山东泰安一模)Everyone should take the action to reduce haze (雾霾), which is harmless to our health. First of all, I believe that if we plant more tree, there will be less haze in their city. Trees can absorb car exhaust fumes, thus reduce pollution. Second, the government should punish the factories where produce too many fumes. Exhaust fumes is the main cause of haze and do greatly harm to people's health. Maybe we can move factories to areas where few people live. Third, I think it was a great idea to encourage people to use public transportation. Last but not least, we can call on citizens ride bikes if they travel short journeys. ‎ 答案：第一句：去掉the; harmless→harmful 第二句：tree→trees; their→our 第三句：reduce→reducing 第四句：where→which/that 第五句：is→are; greatly→great 第七句：was→is 第八句：ride前加to