【英语】内蒙古呼和浩特市2020届高三一模试题（解析版）

【英语】内蒙古呼和浩特市2020届高三一模试题（解析版）

内蒙古呼和浩特市2020届高三一模英语试题 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节,满分40分）‎ 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分,满分30分）‎ 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项（A,B,C,D）中选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。‎ A The World’s Greatest Bookstores Getting lost in a great bookstore can take you on travels around the world. Put a bookmark beside the names of these booksellers for your next trip.‎ Atlantis Books, Santorini, Greece Atlantis books is on the sun-washed islands of Santorini. It was started by university friends with little more than a cat, a dog, and an Idea brought by a bottle of wine. Today, Atlantis takes up the basement of a big house, offering everything bestsellers to books on Greek history and culture.‎ Barter Books, Northumberland, Northeast England The store is in Ainwick, a Victorian railway station that dates back to 1887, and model railway sits overhead. Pull up a chair to the working fireplace to eat a cookie and have a cup of coffee, or search the shelves for a wide variety of titles.‎ Shakespeare and Company, Paris, France From its home by the Seine River, Shakespeare and Company often has a line of customers and tourists waiting to get in, eager to search its collection of rare books new reads and self-published titles. When you enter this English-speaking store which opened during the 1950syou get a sense of stepping back in time Ealite Taipei, China Of all the stores in the Eslite chain, the 24-hour Eslite Dunnan branch is the most popular. With more than 250,000 books to choose from, the store draws tourists and locals who stay for hours, reading books (as if they are in a library), listening to music or watching dance performances and films.‎ ‎1. How was Atlantis books build up?‎ A. It was a student’s graduation project.‎ B. It began during a chat among friends.‎ C. It was set up by a famous university.‎ D. It was a collection of the big house’s owner.‎ ‎2. Where is the Barter Books?‎ A. By a river B. On a street C. In a basement D. Under a railroad ‎3. Which bookstore provides entertainments besides reading?‎ A. Eslite B. Barter Books C. Atlantis Books D. Shakespeare and Company B Regarded as one of the English language’s most gifted poets, John Keats wrote poetry that concentrated on imagery, human nature, and philosophy (哲学). Although Keats didn’t receive much formal literary education, his own studies and passion brought him much success. Additionally, his own life situation influenced his poetry greatly.‎ Growing up as a young boy in London in a lower middle-class family, the young John didn’t attend a private school, but went to a public one. His teachers and his family’s friends regarded him as an optimistic boy who favored playing and fighting much more than minding his studies. After his father’s death in the early 1800s, followed by his mother’s passing due to tuberculosis (肺结核), he began viewing life differently. He wanted to escape the world and did so by reading anything he could get his hands on.‎ At around the age of 16, the teenage John Keats began studying under a surgeon so that he too might become a doctor. However, his literary appetite had taken too much of his fancy, especially with his addiction to the poetry of Ehmund Spenser. He was able to have his first full poem published in the Examiner in 1816, entitled O Solitude! If I Must With Thee Dwell. Within two months in 1817, Keats had written an entire volume of poetry, but was sharply criticized (批评) by a magazine. However, the negative response didn’t stop his love of rhythm (韵律).‎ John Keats’ next work was Endymion, which was published in May 1818. The story involves a shepherd who falls in love with the moon goddess and leads him on an adventure of one boy’s hope to overcome the limitations of being human. Following Endymion, however, he tried something more narrative-based (叙事体的) and wrote Isabella. During this time, John Keats ‎ began seeing his limitations in poetry due to his own limit in life experiences. He would have to have the “knowledge” associated with his poems. His next work was Hyperion that would attempt to combine all that he learned. However, a bout (发作) with tuberculosis while visiting Italy would keep him from his work and eventually take his life in 1821.‎ ‎4. John Keats’ attitude towards life changed because of .‎ A. his early education from school B. the deaths of his parents C. Edmund Spenser’s poetry D. the criticism of a magazine ‎5. What is the common thing between John Keats and his mother?‎ A. They read many books. B. They had a bad childhood.‎ C. They died of the same disease. D. They showed strong interest in poetry.‎ ‎6. While trying to achieve his dream of becoming a poet first, John Keats was .‎ A determined B. experienced C. knowledgeable D. impatient ‎7. What do we know from the passage?‎ A. Keats received little education at school.‎ B. Endymion was about a real love story.‎ C. In 1816 Keats spent two months writing a poem.‎ D. Keats once had a chance of becoming a doctor.‎ C Next time you raise an eyebrow at the views of your friend, brother, sister or colleague, remember they could be helping to make you smarter. New research shows that intelligence is not fixed but can be improved throughout adulthood by family members, bright mates and intellectually challenging careers. The study challenges the commonly held belief that intelligence is fixed by the age of about 18.‎ Scientific consensus (共识) suggests intelligence is controlled by genes, with environmental factors such as schooling and nutrition playing a part up to this age. After this point, IQ scores become steady. But James Flynn, professor at the University of Otago in New Zealand, argues that people can “upgrade” their intelligence throughout their lives. He believes intellectual stimulation (刺激)from other people is important as the “brain seems to be rather like a muscle—the more you use it, the stronger it gets”. However, the opposite is also true—so people who share a home or ‎ workplace with the intellectually challenged risk seeing their IQ levels nosedive as a result.‎ Professor Flynn analyzed US intelligence tests from the last 65 years and created new IQ “age tables”. He found a bright ten-year-old with brothers and sisters of average intelligence will suffer a five to ten point IQ disadvantage compared to a similar child with equally bright brothers and sisters. However, children with a low IQ could gain six to eight points by having brighter brothers and sisters and special educational treatment to help pull them up.‎ Professor Flynn concluded that although genetics and early life experiences determine about 80% of intelligence, the remaining 20% is linked to lifestyle. This means people can raise their IQ, or allow it to fall, by ten points or more. He suggests the best way to improve IQ levels is to socialize with bright friends, and find an intellectually challenging job.‎ ‎8. What do people commonly believe?‎ A. People1 s IQ levels fall as they get older and older.‎ B. It’s wise for people to share family members’ views.‎ C. The intelligence changes no more during adulthood.‎ D. Doing challenging deeds is good for one’s intelligence.‎ ‎9. The underlined word “nosedive” in Paragraph 2 most probably means ________.‎ A. vary B. fall C. change D. develop ‎10. Which of the following can help improve one’s intelligence according to Professor Flynn?‎ A. Staying with smart people. B. Making many friends.‎ C. Doing exercise every day. D. Learning from parents.‎ ‎11. The purpose of the text is to ________.‎ A. persuade B. advertise C. entertain D. inform D When the weather gets cold, we can put on more clothes, stay next to a fireplace, turn on the air conditioner or simply travel to a warmer city to spend the winter – people have many different ways of coping with the cold.‎ But things are not as easy for plants. Unlike humans, plants can’t move to escape the cold or generate heat to keep themselves warm. So how do they manage to survive the freezing winter?‎ It turns out that plants have their own strategies too, said a study published on Dec ‎22 in the ‎ journal Nature.‎ According to researcher Amy Zanne of George Washington University, US, the cold is a big challenge for plants. Their living tissues can be damaged when they freeze. “It’s like a plant’s equivalent to frostbite (冻疮),” Zanne told Science Daily. Also, the process of freezing and thawing (解冻) can cause air bubbles to form in the plant’s water transport system. “If enough of these air bubbles come together as water thaws they can block the flow of water from the roots to the leaves and kill the plant,” she explained.‎ To live through cold weather, plants have developed three traits, according to the study. Some plants, such as oak trees, avoid freezing damage by dropping their leaves before the winter chill sets in – effectively shutting off the flow of water between roots and leaves – and growing new leaves and water transport cells when the warm spring returns.‎ Other plants, pine trees for example, protect themselves by narrowing their water transport cells, which makes it easier for cells to travel among air bubbles.‎ The third strategy is also the most extreme – some plants die on the ground in winter and start growing as new plants from seeds when conditions get warmer.‎ However, the study also found that these smart strategies were developed very slowly – over millions of years of evolution. This leads scientists to worry that plants may not be able to deal with human-caused climate change, which has only started occurring over the past few decades.‎ Scientists are hoping that this study can help people find possible ways to save plants from the threat of climate change.‎ ‎12. What is the article mainly about?‎ A. Why plants are not afraid of the winter chill.‎ B. The ways that plants survive cold weather.‎ C Changes in plants’ water transport system in winter.‎ D. How plants evolve to keep up with climate change.‎ ‎13. According to the article, if a plant freezes in the winter, ______.‎ A. it produces more living tissues to stay alive B. its leaves quickly fall out and its roots begin to die C. its water transport cells are narrowed D. its water transport system could be blocked ‎14. How do oak trees usually survive the cold winters?‎ A. By dropping their leaves before winter.‎ B. By narrowing their water transport cells.‎ C. By widening their water transport cells.‎ D. By dropping seeds on the ground so that the new trees can grow in the spring.‎ ‎15. What are scientists worried about when it comes to plants according to the article?‎ A. Plants may not be able to adapt to the increasingly cold climate.‎ B. Human activities might have a great impact on the pace of plants’ evolution.‎ C. Plants may not be able to evolve fast enough to adapt to human-caused climate change.‎ D. The strategies plants develop are not good enough to protect them against cold.‎ 第二节（共5小题；每题2分，满分10分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Forgiveness To forgive is a virtue, but no one has ever said it is easy. When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your hate. However, forgiveness is possible, and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health. People who forgive show less sadness, anger and stress and more hopefulness, according to a recent research.‎ ‎___16___ Try the following steps：‎ Calm yourself. ___17___ You can take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, or someone you love.‎ Don’t wait for an apology. Many times the person who hurt you does not intend to apologize. They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don’t see things the same way. ___18___ Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean becoming friends again with the person who upset you.‎ Take the control away from your offender (冒犯者). Rethinking about your hurt gives power to the person who caused you pain. Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you.‎ ‎___19___ If you understand your offender, you may realize that he or she was acting out of unawareness, fear, and even love. You may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender’‎ s point of view.‎ Don’t forget to forgive yourself. ___20___ But it can rob you of your selfconfidence if you don’t do it.‎ A. Why should you forgive?‎ B. How should you start to forgive?‎ C. Recognize the benefits of forgiveness.‎ D. Try to see things from your offender’s angle.‎ E. For some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge.‎ F. To make your anger die away, try a simple stressmanagement technique.‎ G. If you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting an awfully long time.‎ 第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）‎ 第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A, B, C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ Tim Cook is both blind and deaf. And try as they might, staff on a recent flight just couldn’t figure out how to___21___with the man, who was travelling all alone.‎ But then, a 15-year-old girl used sign language and genuine compassion to___22___the day.‎ Teenager Clara Daly was ___23___with her mother Jane from Boston to Los Angeles when the flight attendants made a(n)___24___over the speaker. They were ___25___for anyone onboard who knew sign language.‎ Clara___26___the call button, as she’d studied a year of American Sign Language in school. She was the only one on the plane___27___of truly communicating with Tim, and her heart went out to him.‎ ‎“___28___six hours of just not being able to talk to anyone,” she said.‎ Clara used fingerspelling to talk to Tim, which is where you___29___each letter in every word. This way, Tim could___30___Clara’s hands and they could communicate. First, Clara helped the flight attendants ___31___ all of Tim’s needs were met. Then, she spent the rest of the time just___32___with him.‎ Together, they shared stories about their families and Clara’s future plans, while Clara___33___about Tim’s past as a salesman.‎ A nearby passenger named Lynette Scribner couldn’t___34___taking a photo and sharing it on social media. She mentioned how___35___she was to have witnessed such incredible___36___.‎ After writing about Clara’s real-life act of ___37___on social media, Lynette’s post___38___. In fact, it has since been shared over 730,000 times on US social media platform Facebook.‎ The___39___teen was quick to point out that she just did what any one of us should do when given the opportunity: help out.‎ ‎“Everyone should just be___40___each other just because that’s the nature of people,” Clara said.‎ ‎21. A. cooperate B. connect C. communicate D. meet ‎22. A. save B. enjoy C. spend D. live ‎23. A. shopping B. travelling C. working D. staying ‎24. A. forecast B. effort C. suggestion D. announcement ‎25. A. looking B. waiting C. standing D. sending ‎26. A. picked B. fixed C. hit D. made ‎27. A. afraid B. capable C. aware D. fond ‎28. A. Notice B. Predict C. Describe D. Imagine ‎29. A. draw B. mark C. sign D. say ‎30. A. feel B. see C. shake D. move ‎31. A. discover B. ensure C. prove D. recognize ‎32. A. chatting B. dealing C. playing D. joking ‎33. A. cared B. thought C. heard D. learned ‎34. A. consider B. miss C. resist D. stop ‎35. A. satisfied B. amazed C. nervous D. doubtful ‎36. A. compassion B. adventure C. courage D. wisdom ‎37. A. politeness B. bravery C. patience D. kindness ‎38. A. put up B. came up C. set off D. took off ‎39. A. proud B. humorous C. humble D. thankful ‎40. A. believing B. helping C. accepting D. understanding 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ China launched a new project in Papua New Guinea (PNG) on Tuesday to help the South Pacific nation further promote its___41___ (agriculture) conditions. A new demonstration (示范) base will ___42___(establish) in the capital city to help promote the output of upland rice and a type of grass called "Juncao", ___43___can be used to feed cows and sheep. Juncao technology was first introduced into PNG___44___China in 1997. In 1998, a team established the first base. In 2018, the two sides___45___(sign) a new deal to further deepen their cooperation in Juncao and upland rice planting.‎ ‎"The Juncao technology was invented___46___(help) China’s rural areas to shake off poverty. It could adapt to the earth and climate conditions in PNG and is suitable for local market."___47___ officer called Lin said. He added that the new demonstration base would help the local industry achieve better___48___(develop).‎ According to him, the new project ___49___ (expect) to help locals greatly to achieve a goal of___50___(get) food output of about 3,000 tons, which will help solve the food problem of over 10,000 people.‎ 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）‎ 第一节 短文改错（共10处错误；每处1分，满分10分）‎ ‎51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文. 文中共有l0处语言错误，每句中最多有两处. 错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改.‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词.‎ 删除：把多余的词用（）划掉.‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词.‎ 注意：（1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎（2）只允许修改l0处，多者（从第‎1l处起）不计分.‎ My grandparents live in the countryside. They keep a dog calling Ah Bao. One day my grandparents go to work in the fields，taking along my little brother and Ah Bao. My brother and Ah Bao came to a river nearby and enjoyed himself. My brother was trying to catch a butterfly while he fell into a river. Ah Bao barked and immediate jumped into the water. Hearing about him barking，my grandparents hurried there and saw Ah Bao swimming towards the bank carrying my ‎ brother. Ah Bao did all he could save my little brother，that moved all the people present. Everyone praised Ah Bao for his bravery and kindn.‎ 第二节 书面表达（满分25分）‎ ‎52.假定你是李华，是红星高中的学生会主席。为让更多的人了解中国优秀传统文化，你校将举办中国传统文化展（the Traditional Chinese Culture Exhibition)，请给你的外教Mr. Green写封邮件，邀请他参加。内容包括：‎ ‎1. 时间、地点以及参加人员；‎ ‎2. 文化展的宗旨；‎ ‎3. 展出内容：相关书籍、照片、绘画、剪纸等。‎ 注意：1. 词数100左右；‎ ‎2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ Dear Mr. Green,‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【答案解析】‎ 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节,满分40分）‎ ‎【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个世界上特别好的图书馆，以及它们各自的特色。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章第二段的句子It was started by university friends with little more ‎ than a cat, a dog, and an idea brought by a bottle of wine.(它是由几个大学朋友发起的，当时在谈论一只猫、一条狗和一瓶酒带来的灵感)可知，图书馆是由几个朋友闲聊时产生的灵感而创办的。B. It began during a chat among friends.(它是由几个朋友闲聊开始的)符合以上说法，故选B项。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章第三段的句子The store is in Ainwick, a Victorian railway station that dates back to 1887, and model railway sits overhead.(这家店位于1887年的维多利亚时代的安维克火车站，而铁路就坐落在它上面)可知，该书店在铁路的下面。D. Under a railroad(在铁路的下面)符合以上说法，故选D项。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的句子reading books (as if they are in a library), listening to music or watching dance performances and films.. (阅读书籍（就像在图书馆一样）听音乐或者看舞蹈表演和电影)可知，在Eslite 可以听音乐，观看表演，表演属于娱乐活动。A. Eslite符合以上说法，故选A项。‎ ‎【答案】4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D ‎【解析】‎ 文章主要讲述了约翰济慈在诗歌方面取得的成就。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段After his father’s death in the early 1800s, followed by his mother’s passing due to tuberculosis (肺结核), he began viewing life differently. He wanted to escape the world and did so by reading anything he could get his hands on.可知他对待人生的态度发生转变是在他父母去世后。故选B。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段followed by his mother’s passing due to tuberculosis (肺结核)可知他的母亲死于肺结核，再根据文章最后一句话However, a bout (发作) with tuberculosis while visiting Italy would keep him from his work and eventually take his life in 1821.可知他也死于肺结核。故选C。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章第一段Although Keats didn’t receive much formal literary education, his own studies and passion brought him much success. Additionally, his own life situation ‎ influenced his poetry greatly.可知是他自己的学习和热情使他在诗歌方面取得取得了巨大的成功，再根据后几段的内容可知无论家庭遭遇变故还是自己受到批评，the negative response didn’t stop his love of rhythm (韵律).所以可以得出他是意志力坚定的人。故选A。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章第三段At around the age of 16, the teenage John Keats began studying under a surgeon so that he too might become a doctor.‎ 可知济慈曾经学过医。根据第一段Although Keats didn’t receive much formal literary education ，可知他没有接受过正规的文学教育，但不是没上过学。所以A错误。根据最后一段 John Keats’ next work was Endymion, which was published in May 1818. The story involves a shepherd who falls in love with the moon goddess and leads him on an adventure of one boy’s hope to overcome the limitations of being human. 可知Endymion不是真实的爱情故事。根据第三段可知1816年他发表了诗歌，1817年的两个月中不断受到批评，所以C错误，属于张冠李戴。故选D。‎ ‎【答案】8. C 9. B 10. A 11. D ‎【解析】‎ 研究表明，智商不是固定的，在成年之后，你的家人、聪明的同事、对智力有挑战性的职业都会使你的智商提高。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由第一段中的The study challenges the commonly held belief that intelligence is fixed by the age of about 18. 可知，人们普遍持有传统的观念认为智商在18岁就固定了，在成年之后，智商不变。故选C。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。由第二段中的people can “upgrade” their intelligence throughout their lives. He believes intellectual stimulation (刺激) from other people is important as the “brain seems to be rather like a muscle—the more you use it, the stronger it gets”. However, the opposite is also true可知，James Flynn认为，大脑就像肌肉一样，你用的越多，它就变得越强。来自别人的智商方面的刺激对智商的提高至关重要。由此可以推知，表示不同看法的人认为和智力有缺陷的人相处会降低你的智力。故画线单词意思意为“下降”，故选B。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段This means people can raise their IQ, or allow it to fall, by ten ‎ points or more. He suggests the best way to improve IQ levels is to socialize with bright friends, and find an intellectually challenging job.可知，Professor Flynn认为，你聪明的家人、聪明的同事、对智力有挑战性的职业都会使你的智商提高。要多与聪明人在一起。故选A。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 推理判断题。本文是告知研究：智商不是固定的，在成年之后，你的家人、聪明的同事、对智力有挑战性的职业都会使你的智商提高。故选D。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ ‎【解题剖析】此题属于猜测词义中的（2）：依据反义词和对比关系猜测词义。运用对比手法描述事物或现象是文章写作的一种常用的修辞手法。在这种修辞手段下，作者常借用一些信号词来提供相反信息，从而表明一个词与前面的另一个词互为反义。常用的信号词有：but/yet/however/nevertheless; while/whereas; otherwise/or else; unlike/instead/rather than; by contrast/compared to; on the contrary/on the other hand等。答案需要找关键词however，其前后是对比关系。‎ ‎【答案定位】根据由第二段中的people can “upgrade” their intelligence throughout their lives. He believes intellectual stimulation (刺激) from other people is important as the “brain seems to be rather like a muscle—the more you use it, the stronger it gets”. However, the opposite is also true可知，James Flynn认为，大脑就像肌肉一样，你用的越多，它就变得越强。来自别人的智商方面的刺激对智商的提高至关重要。由此可以推知，表示不同看法的人认为和智力有缺陷的人相处会降低你的智力。故画线单词意思意为“下降”。‎ ‎【推理关系】题干The underlined word “nosedive” in Paragraph 2 most probably means ☞文章内容people can “upgrade” their intelligence throughout their lives. He believes intellectual stimulation (刺激) from other people is important as the “brain seems to be rather like a muscle—the more you use it, the stronger it gets”. However, the opposite is also true.‎ 答案】nosedive和 upgrade 是反义词B选项fall ‎【答案】12. B 13. D 14. A 15. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。在寒冷的冬天，人们有各种各样的保暖方法，但是植物怎么度过冬天呢？文章介绍了植物度过寒冬的方法：有的通过落叶，有的通过让自己的水运输细胞变小，有的植物在冬天“死”在地上。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第二段的But things are not as easy for plants. Unlike humans, plants can’t move to escape the cold or generate heat to keep themselves warm. So how do they manage to survive the freezing winter.It turns out that plants have their own strategies too, said a study published on Dec ‎22 in the journal Nature.(但对植物来说，事情就没那么简单了。与人类不同，植物不能移动来躲避寒冷，也不能产生热量来保暖。那么它们是如何度过寒冬的呢？‎12月22日发表在《自然》杂志上的一项研究表明，植物也有自己的过冬策略) 可知，这篇文章讲的是植物在寒冷的天气生存的方法。B. The ways that plants survive cold weather.(植物度过寒冬的方法)符合以上说法，故选B项。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段的Also, the process of freezing and thawing (解冻) can cause air bubbles to form in the plant’s water transport system. If enough of these air bubbles come together as water thaws they can block the flow of water from the roots to the leaves and kill the plant.(冻融过程会导致气泡形成植物的水运输系统。如果足够多的气泡在水融化时聚集在一起，它们就会阻止水从根部流向叶子，从而杀死植物) 可知，如果植物在冬天被冻住了，解冻时形成的气泡会堵塞它的水运输系统。D. its water transport system could be blocked(它的水运输系统会被堵住)符合以上说法，故选D项。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第五段的Some plants, such as oak trees, avoid freezing damage by dropping their leaves before the winter chill sets in – effectively shutting off the flow of water between roots and leaves (有些植物，例如橡树，为了避免冻伤，会在冬季的严寒到来之前落叶，有效地切断了根部和叶子之间的水分流动)可知，橡树是通过在冬天将树叶落下，这样来在冬天幸存的。A. By dropping their leaves before winter.(通过在冬天之前落下它们的叶子)符合以上说法，故选A项。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段的This leads scientists to worry that plants may not be able to deal with human-caused climate change, which has only started occurring over the past few decades.(这使得科学家们担心植物可能无法应对人类引起的其后变化，而人类引起的其后变化在过去的几十年里才刚刚开始)可知，科学家担心的是植物可能不能进化的那么快来适应人类造成的气候变化。C. Plants may not be able to evolve fast enough to adapt t o human-caused climate change.(植物可能不能进化的那么快来适应人类造成的气候变化。)符合以上说法，故选C项。‎ ‎【答案】16. B 17. F 18. G 19. D 20. E ‎【解析】‎ 文章是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了人们宽恕他人的方法和途径。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 根据第一段的内容和“Try the following steps”可知，接下来是提的建议，故空白处是问“应该怎样原谅他人呢？”之类的话。起承上启下的作用，故选B。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 根据Calm yourself(要冷静)和take a couple of breaths(深呼吸)可知，这里讲的是，要学会舒缓愤怒，让自己平静下来。F选项To make your anger die away, try a simple stress-management technique.让愤怒逐渐消散，尝试一个简单的压力管理技巧，符合，故选F。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 根据第一句“Don’t wait for an apology.”可知，不能等待他人的原谅，G选项If you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting an awfully long time.如果等他人来道歉，你可能会等相当长的时间，G项与wait for有关，故选G。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 根据If you understand your offender, you may realize that he or she was acting out of unawareness, fear, and even love.可知，如果你理解惹怒你的人，你可能会意识到他是无意伤害你的，应该站在对方的角度考虑一下。D选项Try to see things from your offender’s angle.试着站在对方的角度思考问题.，符合。故选D。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 根据“Don’t forget to forgive yourself.”和“...rob you of your self-confidence if you don’t do it”可知，最后一段说的是，要学会自我原谅，E项“对一些人来说，原谅他们自己是最大的挑战”符合语境。故选E。‎ 第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）‎ ‎【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. A 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. B 36. A 37. D 38. D 39. C 40. B ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇记述文。文章主要讲述了15岁的女孩克拉拉用手语和真挚的同情帮助飞机上的乘务人员跟一个又看不见又聋的一个人交流，并被一个人拍照上传到媒体上后得到很多赞美的故事。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管他们尽了最大的努力，最近一次航班上的工作人员还是不知道如何与独自旅行的那个人交流。A. cooperate合作；B. connect连接，联系；C. communicate交流；D. meet见面，满足。由上文中的“staff on a recent flight just couldn’t figure out how to”和下文中的“communicating with Tim”可知，此处指最近一次航班上的工作人员还是不知道如何与独自旅行的那个人交流。communicate with sb.是固定短语，意为“与某人交流”。故选C项。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是后来，一个15岁的女孩用手语和真挚的同情来拯救这一天。A. save解救，节省；B. enjoy享受；C. spend花费；D. live生活，居住。由上下文并结合可知，当航班上的工作人员不知道如何与独自旅行的那个又瞎又聋的人交流时，这个女孩用手语帮助他们，即拯救了这一天。故选A项。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：十几岁的克拉拉·戴利和她的母亲简从波士顿到洛杉矶旅行。A. shopping购物；B. travelling旅游；C. working工作；D. staying停留，坚持。由上文的travelling并结合语境可知，克拉拉和她的母亲也乘坐这次航班到洛杉矶旅行。故选B项。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：乘务员用喇叭作了通告。A. forecast预报；B. effort努力；C. suggestion建议；D. announcement公告。由下文中的“anyone onboard who knew sign language”并结合语境可知，此处指乘务员用喇叭作了通告。故选D项。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们在飞机上寻找懂手语的人。A. looking寻找，看；B. waiting等待；C. standing站；D. sending发送。由上文描述“乘务员用喇叭作了通告”可知，此处指在飞机上寻找懂手语的人。look for是固定短语，意为“寻找”。故选A项。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为克拉拉在学校学了一年的美国手语，所以她按下了呼叫按钮。A. picked捡起；B. fixed修理；C. hit击，打；D. made制作。由下文中的“the call button”并结合语境可知，此处指她按下了呼叫按钮。故选C项。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她是飞机上唯一一个能和蒂姆真正交流的人。A. afraid害怕的，担心的；B. capable有能力的，可以做（某事）的；C. aware意识到的，知道的；D. fond喜欢的。由下文中的“of truly communicating with Tim”并上文的“as she’d studied a year of American Sign Language in school”可知，此处指她是飞机上唯一一个能和蒂姆真正交流的人。capable of doing sth.时固定搭配，意为“有能力做某事”故选B项。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：想象一下六个小时不能和任何人说话。A. Notice通知，注意到；B. Predict预测；C. Describe描述；D. Imagine想象。由下文中的“six hours of just not being able to talk to anyone”并结合语境可知，此处指想象一下六个小时不能和任何人说话。故选D项。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：克拉拉用手语拼写法和蒂姆说话，它是你在每个单词的每个字母上签署的地方。A. draw画；B. mark做标记于；C. sign签署，示意；D. say说。由下文中的“each letter in every word”可知，此处指每个单词的每个字母上签署的地方。故选C项。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这样，蒂姆就能感觉到克拉拉的手，他们就能交流。A. feel感觉到；B. see看见；C. shake动摇，握手；D. move移动。由下文中的“they could communicate”和上文描述的蒂姆又看不见又听不见可知，此处指蒂姆就能感觉到克拉拉的手。故选A项。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，克拉拉帮助空姐满足了蒂姆的所有需要。A. discover发现；B. ensure确保；C. prove证明；D. recognize认出。由下文中的“all of Tim’s needs were met”并结合语境可知，此处指克拉拉帮助空姐满足了蒂姆的所有需要。故选B项。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，她把剩下的时间都花在和他聊天上了。A. chatting聊天；B. dealing处理；C. playing玩；D. joking开玩笑。由下文中的“Together, they shared stories about their families and Clara’s future plans”‎ 可知，此处指她把剩下的时间都花在和他聊天上了。故选A项。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：克拉拉了解到蒂姆过去是个推销员。A. cared关心；B. thought想，认为；C. heard听到；D. learned得知，学习。由上文中的“Together, they shared stories about their families and Clara’s future plans”可知，此处指克拉拉了解到蒂姆过去是个推销员。故选D项。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：附近一位名叫勒奈特·斯克里布纳的乘客忍不住拍照并在社交媒体上分享。A. consider考虑到；B. miss想念，错过；C. resist忍耐，抗拒；D. stop停止。由下文中的“She mentioned how ______ she was to have witnessed such incredible______”可知，此处指忍不住拍照并在社交媒体上分享。故选C项。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她提到亲眼目睹如此不可思议的同情心使她感到多么惊讶。A. satisfied感到满意的；B. amazed惊讶的；C. nervous紧张的；D. doubtful怀疑的。由下文中的“she was to have witnessed such incredible”可知，此处指她感到多么惊讶。故选B项。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她提到亲眼目睹如此不可思议的同情心使她感到多么惊讶。A. compassion同情；B. adventure冒险；C. courage勇气；D. wisdom智慧。由上文中的“a 15-year-old girl used sign language and genuine compassion to ______ the day”可知，此处指如此不可思议的同情心。故选A项。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在社交媒体上写了克拉拉真实的善举后，勒奈特的帖子被疯狂转发。A. politeness礼貌；B. bravery勇气；C. patience耐心；D. kindness善良。由上文中描述的克拉拉帮助这位聋人可知，此处指在社交媒体上写了克拉拉真实的善举。故选D项。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在社交媒体上写了克拉拉真实的善举后，勒奈特的帖子被疯狂转发。A. put up提供，举起；B. came up发生，走进；C. set off出发，动身；D. took off起飞。由下文中的“In fact, it has since been shared over 730,000 times on US social media platform Facebook.”可知，此处指勒奈特的帖子被疯狂转发。故选D项。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个谦逊的孩子很快指出，她只是做了我们每个人都应该做的事。A. proud自豪的；B. humorous幽默的；C. humble谦逊的；D. thankful感激的。由下文中的“she just did what any one of us should do”可知，此处指这个谦逊的孩子很快指出，她只是做了我们每个人都应该做的事。故选C项。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个人都应该互相帮助，因为这是人的本性。A. believing相信；B. helping帮助；C. accepting接受；D. understanding理解。由上文中的“Clara helped the flight attendants ______ all of Tim’s needs were met”可知，此处指每个人都应该互相帮助。故选B项。‎ ‎【答案】41. agricultural 42. be established 43. which 44. from 45. signed 46. to help 47. an 48. development 49. was expected 50. getting ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了中国帮助巴布亚新几内亚这个南太平洋国家提高农业产量，在其首都建立了新的示范基地来增加水稻和一种叫俊草的产量。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查形容词。此处应用形容词修饰名词conditions，故填agricultural。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查被动语态。主语A new demonstration (示范) base和谓语动词establish之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，又情态动词will后要用动词原形，故填be established。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词Juncao在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词，故填which。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：俊草技术在1997年从中国首次引入PNG。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处用介词from“来自”符合语境，故填from。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查时态。此处是句子谓语动词，由in 2018判断用一般过去时，故填signed。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：Juncao 技术被发明是为了帮助中国的乡村摆脱贫困。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处应用不定式表目的，故填to help。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 考查冠词。结合上下文可知，此处意为“一位姓林的长官说”，是泛指，应用不定冠词，又officer是元音音素开头，故填an。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 考查名词。此处应填名词作为achieve的宾语，故填development。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 考查时态和语态。此处是句子谓语动词，结合语境可知“期待”发生在过去，又主语project和expect之间是被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，故填was expected。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 考查动名词。此处应填get的动名词作为介词of的宾语，故填getting。‎ ‎【点睛】第3小题考查定语从句关系词。确定定语从句关系词一般分为三步：找出先行词；分析先行词在从句中充当什么成分；考虑特殊情况。以本题为例：‎ 找出先行词：Juncao 分析先行词在从句中充当什么成分：先行词Juncao在从句______can be used to feed cows and sheep.中充当主语，应用指物的关系代词。‎ 考虑特殊情况：非限制性定语从句中不能使用that故填which。‎ 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）‎ 第一节 短文改错（共10处错误；每处1分，满分10分）‎ ‎【答案】1. calling → called.‎ ‎2. go → went ‎3. himself → themselves ‎4. while → when ‎5. a → the ‎6. immediate → immediately ‎7. 删除Hearing后的about ‎8 can后加to ‎9. that → which ‎10. kind → kindness ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者家一条名叫阿宝的小狗尽自己的全力救作者弟弟的故事。‎ ‎【详解】1. 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，逻辑主语a dog和call之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，故将calling改为called。‎ ‎2. 考查时态。根据one day判断用一般过去时，故将go改为went。‎ ‎3. 考查代词。句意：我弟弟和阿宝来到附近的小河，玩得很开心。根据句意可知，此处指“弟弟和阿宝”两者，应用复数的反身代词，故将himself改为themselves。‎ ‎4. 考查连词。此处考查固定表达was doing…when…“正在做某事……（突然）就……”，故将while改为when。‎ ‎5. 考查冠词。结合上下文可知，此处特指上文提到的那条小河，是泛指，应用定冠词，故将a改为the。‎ ‎6. 考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词jumped，故将immediate改为immediately。‎ ‎7. 考查介词。hear是及物动词，其后直接宾语，故删除hearing后的about。‎ ‎8. 考查不定式。此处考查固定表达do all sb. can（do） to do sth.“尽某人所能来做某事”，其中不定式表目的，故在can后加to。‎ ‎9. 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，先行词在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词，又非限中不能使用that，故将that改为which。‎ ‎10. 考查名词。此处应用名词作为介词for的宾语，故将kind改为kindness。‎ 第二节 书面表达（满分25分）‎ ‎【答案】Dear Mr. Green,‎ I’m Li Hua, Chairman of HongXing High School. I’m writing to invite you to take part in the Traditional Chinese Culture Exhibition to be held at the Academic Hall this Friday afternoon, from 3pm. to 5pm.‎ To enable more people to learn about the traditional Chinese culture, all the teachers, students and their parents as well as anyone interested in it are welcome to participate. At the exhibition, typical and representative books, photos, paintings, paper cutting and other related stuff will be presented, through which visitors will not only understand traditional Chinese culture better but also enjoy the unique beauty of it.‎ If you’re interested, please come and appreciate it. I’ll be more than glad to offer any help.‎ Please reply to me at your earliest convenience.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封邮件。‎ ‎【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为一封电子邮件；假定你是李华，是红星高中的学生会主席。为让更多的人了解中国优秀传统文化，你校将举办中国传统文化展（the Traditional Chinese Culture Exhibition)，请给你的外教Mr. Green写封邮件，邀请他参加。内容包括：‎ ‎1. 时间、地点以及参加人员；‎ ‎2. 文化展的宗旨；‎ ‎3. 展出内容：相关书籍、照片、绘画、剪纸等。‎ 第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如time，place，content， Traditional Chinese Culture Exhibition 等。‎ 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。时态应为一般现在时。‎ 第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。‎ ‎【亮点说明】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如动词不定式 I’m writing to invite you to take part in the Traditional Chinese Culture Exhibition to be held at the Academic Hall this Friday afternoon, from 3pm. to 5pm. through which引导的定语从句 At the exhibition, typical and representative books, photos, paintings, paper cutting and other related stuff will be presented, through which visitors will not only understand traditional Chinese culture better but also enjoy the unique beauty of it.等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。‎