【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题冠词考点学案（9页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题冠词考点学案（9页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题冠词考点学案 ‎——典题尝试(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．(2018·江西九江十校联考) In 1990, over 100 countries signed an international agreement to make it illegal to buy or sell ivory.‎ ‎2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ) Instead, she is earning ￡6,500 a day as a model in New York. ‎ ‎ ——规则点拨 不定冠词用来表示one, the same, a certain或every的意思。‎ In order to find a better job, he decided to study a second foreign language.‎ 为了找到一份更好的工作，他决定学习另一门外语。‎ ‎[注意事项]‎ ‎1．表示“每……”或数量上的“一(个)……时”，a/an和one可以互换。‎ ‎2．表示种类时，a/an和one不能互换。不定冠词“a/an＋单数可数名词”可表示种类；而one只能表示数量。‎ ‎3．牢记高考中常见的纯不可数名词。它们是information, fun, weather, progress, advice, news, space, word (＝news), furniture, equipment等，均不可与不定冠词连用。‎ ‎ ——对点演练(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．(2018·山西省适应性考试)All too soon it was time to leave.I really enjoyed my stay in Xi'an. It is indeed worth a second visit. ‎ ‎2．(2018·河北石家庄二中一模)As an outgoing girl, it is my strength to get along well with my classmates. ‎ ‎3．(2018·河南豫南九校质量考评)The blog serves as an open platform where you can do lots of things.‎ ‎4．(2018·郑州高三模拟)It's a pleasure for me to be here to speak to such a distinguished group from all over the world.‎ ‎5．(2018·石家庄模拟)Our destination was Orewa, a seaside town. ‎ 定冠词的基本用法 ‎ ——典题尝试(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．(2018·江西五校一模)The World Wide Web is quickly becoming the world's most popular matchmaker.‎ ‎2．(2018·江西省高三第二次联考) I had just purchased a new backpack. I filled the backpack with snacks, drinks, a new pair of trousers and some new socks. ‎ ‎3．(2018·河南八市重点高中质检)Now we know that they have the same features that can ‎ also be found in sharks around Australia and the South Sea.‎ ‎4．Marco Polo is said to have sailed on the Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in the thirteenth century.‎ ‎ ——规则点拨 ‎1．用在序数词和形容词最高级前。‎ Yang Liwei is the first man who has been sent into space in China.‎ 在中国，杨利伟是第一个登上太空的人。‎ ‎2．用在江河、湖泊、海洋、山脉和群岛的名称前。‎ the Yellow River黄河　the Pacific Ocean太平洋 ‎3．用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级等专有名词前。‎ the People's Republic of China中华人民共和国 the United States美国 ‎4．用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示全家人或这一姓的夫妇二人。‎ the Greens格林一家　the Smiths史密斯一家 ‎5．表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位的名词前。‎ She caught me by the arm.‎ 她抓住了我的手臂。‎ ‎6．用在某些形容词或分词前，表示一类人或事。‎ the poor/rich/dead/living/wounded穷人/富人/死人/活着的人/受伤的人 ‎7．表示朝代和年代的词前。‎ the Ming Dynasty明朝 in the 1980's 在20世纪80年代 ‎8．用在表示计量的名词前，如by the hour，by the day，by the dozen，by the yard等，但是如果表示单位的名词为不可数名词，之前不用冠词，如by weight/height等。‎ I got paid by the hour.‎ 我按小时得到报酬。‎ ‎[注意事项]‎ ‎1．表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前一般加定冠词the；但如果名词前有修饰语来表示“什么样的”时也可用不定冠词。‎ the world世界　a peaceful world一个和平的世界 ‎2．表示乐器的名词前一般用定冠词，但如果该名词作为普通名词，也可用不定冠词。‎ There is a piano in his study.‎ 在他的书房里有一架钢琴。‎ ‎ ——对点演练(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．(2018·贵州遵义高三模拟)This is the book I borrowed yesterday. Isn't it an interesting one?‎ ‎2．(2018·福建泉州调研) I walked to the window，looked through it and to my surprise, found two strangers trying to open a case.‎ ‎3．(2018·江西八校一模)He tapped her on the shoulder, “Hi! I have been looking for you for such a long time！”‎ ‎4．(2018·济南模拟)When he became a doctor, he tapped people's chests to see how much liquid was in their lungs. Laennec did the same and learned to tell by tapping carefully on a chest whether it was diseased or not.‎ ‎5．(2018·大庆市二轮复习检测)I should be very interested to meet the man who threw the stone you mentioned in the newspaper.‎ 零冠词的基本用法 ‎——规则点拨 ‎1．表示一类人或事物的复数名词、物质名词和抽象名词表示泛指，一般不用冠词。‎ Glass can be made into bottles.‎ 玻璃可以制成瓶子。‎ ‎2．学科，国名、洲名，三餐，球类、棋类、游戏名称，节日、星期、月份、季节，头衔、职务等名词前一般不用冠词，但是在中国的传统节日前要用冠词。‎ Chinese汉语　　　　　National Day国庆节 Sunday星期天 spring春天 June六月 play chess下棋 the Spring Festival春节 He is chairman of the meeting.‎ 他是会议主席。‎ ‎[注意事项]‎ ‎1．school, college, prison, hospital, bed, class, church等词表示动词含义时，前边不加冠词，表示其他含义时，按照具体情况，加不定冠词或定冠词。‎ at school在校学习　in hospital住院　in bed卧床 at church在教堂做礼拜 ‎2．表示语言的名词前面一般不用冠词，但后面如果出现language一词，前面需加定冠词the。‎ English＝the English language英语 ‎ ——对点演练(单句改错)‎ ‎1．(2018·河北邯郸高三联考)At first, I decided to eat less in order to lose the weight._去掉the ‎ ‎2．(2018·山西四校高三联考)One of our teachers was in the charge of this activity and he divided us into four groups.去掉the ‎3．It is a great pleasure for me to give a speech on the nature of human beings in front of the classroom._in_后加the_‎ ‎4．(2018·成都外国语学校高三一诊)I told him I could not go to the college because I did not want to study anymore.去掉the 冠词在固定短语中的习惯用法 ‎ ‎ ——典题尝试(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed, _the_ other is with mum — she never suspects.‎ ‎2．(2015·浙江高考改编)Jane's grandmother had wanted to write a children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in the way.‎ ‎3．(2018·河北名校联盟质检)We slept in a tent and took a long walk every day.‎ ‎ ——规则点拨 ‎1．用不定冠词的短语 all of a sudden＝suddenly　　　　突然 as a matter of fact＝in fact 事实上 ‎ in a hurry 匆忙 at a time 一次 ‎ pay a visit to 参观 have a try 尝试 take a look 看一看 ‎ have a rest 休息 play a joke on 取笑某人；开某人玩笑 a kind of 一种 ‎ a large quantity of＝large quantities of　许多 a great deal of 许多 ‎2．用定冠词的短语 in the morning/afternoon/evening在早晨/下午/晚上 in the end 最后 at the beginning of 在……开始时 in the middle of 在……中间 on the contrary 相反 on the other hand 另一方面 in the hope of 希望 to tell the truth 说实话 ‎3．不用冠词的短语 at noon (night, dawn, midnight)在正午(晚上，黄昏，午夜)‎ leave school 毕业 catch fire 着火 lose heart 失去信心 take place 发生 by chance 偶然；巧合 for example 例如 in trouble 在困境中 ‎ ‎[注意事项]‎ ‎1．固定短语的构成是不可随意改变的，包括其中的冠词。‎ ‎2．固定短语的意思要牢记。要用于合适的语境中。‎ ‎ ——对点演练(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．If you want to improve your working efficiency, it will be a must for you to make the most of your time.‎ ‎2．The cake you bought in that cake shop last week tastes strange, and I don't want to bite it for the time being.‎ ‎3．As time passes, the power of newspapers seems to be on the_decrease.‎ ‎4．With the development of society, our country is badly in need of those with a better command of computer skills.‎ 冠词在语法填空题中通常以无提示词的形式进行考查，通常考查以下用法：‎ ‎1．不定冠词的基本用法 ‎①(2017·6月浙江高考) For Pahlsson, its return was ________ wonder.‎ 解析：a　此处表示“一个奇迹”，所以需要用不定冠词a表泛指。‎ ‎②(2015·四川高考改编)Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be ________ Beethoven. ‎ 解析：a　空格处用不定冠词表示一类人。‎ ‎2．定冠词的基本用法 ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅱ) This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over ______ top. ‎ 解析：the　此处特指“地铁的顶部”，故用定冠词the。‎ ‎②(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Now, years later, this river is one of ________ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup. ‎ 解析：the　后面的most outstanding是最高级，其前面要用定冠词the。‎ ‎3．冠词在固定短语中的习惯用法 ‎ ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ) As________result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.‎ 解析：a　as a result为固定搭配，意为“结果”。‎ ‎②(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.‎ 解析：a　for a while是固定搭配，意为“片刻，一会儿”。‎ ‎1．不定冠词a和an的错用 示例 ‎(2017·全国卷Ⅱ) They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. 答案：第一个a→an 点拨 ‎①在元音音素前应用不定冠词an；‎ ‎②在辅音音素前应用不定冠词a；‎ ‎③有些单词以元音字母开头但却是以辅音音素开头，前面应用冠词a而不用an，例如a university；还有一些单词以辅音字母开头但却是以元音音素开头，前面应用冠词an而不用a，例如an hour。‎ ‎2．不定冠词a(n)和定冠词the的错用 示例 ‎①(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time. ‎ 答案：the→a ‎②(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parents ... A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop.‎ 答案：shop前的a→the 点拨 ‎①表示特指时用定冠词the；‎ ‎②表示泛指时用不定冠词a(n)。‎ ‎3．单数可数名词前冠词的缺失 示例 ‎(2013·全国卷Ⅱ)This custom soon became another meal of day.答案：day前加the 点拨 一般情况下，单数可数名词前应有适当的冠词a(n)或the。 a(n)表示类指或泛指，the 表示特指。‎ ‎4．定冠词the的缺失 ‎ 示例 ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅲ) Around me in picture are the things that were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.答案：picture前加the ‎②(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)But in that case, we will learn little about world.答案：world前加the 点拨 ‎①在序数词、形容词最高级前常用定冠词the；‎ ‎②世上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the。‎ ‎5．冠词的多余 示例 ‎(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.答案：去掉flowers前的the 点拨 可数名词复数或不可数名词表示泛指时不用冠词。‎ ‎6．常见固定搭配中冠词的缺失与多余 示例 ‎①(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself. 答案：去掉the ‎②(2015·浙江高考)I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning. ‎ 答案：hurry前加a ‎③(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)As result, the plants are growing everywhere.答案：result前加a 点拨 在固定搭配中，有的用不定冠词a(n)，有的用定冠词the，而有的不带任何冠词，如：in a hurry, as a result, on the right, in fact等。‎ ‎[增分技法]‎ ‎1．遇到名词要考虑前面冠词是特指还是泛指 ‎ ‎①水对于我们的生活很重要，因此我们要尽最大努力来阻止它被污染。‎ Water is important to our life, so we must do our best to prevent it from being polluted.‎ ‎②我家乡附近那条河里的水已经被严重污染。我们要求政府尽早采取适当的措施来保护它。‎ The water in the river near my hometown has been polluted seriously. We demand our government take appropriate measures to protect it as soon as possible. ‎ ‎2．活用不定冠词a, an ‎ 就在那时，有一个七岁的小女孩正步行穿越马路。‎ Just then, there was a sevenyearold girl walking across the street. ‎ ‎3．掌握好名词前用the的各种情况 ‎ 会议将于周四下午三点到四点在3号楼四楼的402房间举行。‎ The meeting will be held in Room 402 on the fourth floor of Building 3 from 3 p．m. to 4 p．m. on Thursday afternoon. ‎ ‎4．掌握好名词前不用冠词的情况 ‎ ‎①春节是中国孩子最高兴的日子，他们可以穿最漂亮的衣服、吃最喜欢的食物。但是，在元旦他们通常不这样。‎ The Spring Festival is the happiest day for children in China, when they can wear their nicest clothes and eat their favorite food. However, they can't do so on New Year's Day.‎ ‎②我们要招聘的这个人，最好年龄在二十多岁，精通英语，有办公室工作经历和丰富的管理经验。‎ A young man in his twenties with a good knowledge of English, an experience of office work and rich experience in management is preferred. ‎ ‎[巧用增分] ‎ ‎①都说老师们过着简朴的生活，但我认为当老师很有意义。(be said to, live a simple life, be a teacher, meaningful)‎ Teachers_are_said_to_live_a_simple_life,_but_I_think_being_a_teacher_is_meaningful.‎ ‎②由于他把大部分时间都用在学英语上，难怪他英语说得这么流利。(as, devote ...to, no wonder, fluently)‎ As_he_has_devoted_most_of_his_time_to_learning_English,_it's_no_wonder_that_he_speaks_it_so_fluently.‎ ‎③张华，我们班的班长，昨天被选为我们学校的学生会主席。(monitor, elect, chairman of the Students' Union)‎ Zhang_Hua,_monitor_of_our_class,_was_elected_chairman_of_the_Students'_Union_of_our_school_yesterday.‎