2020届一轮复习外研版必修4Module4GreatScientists单元作业（12页

2020届一轮复习外研版必修4Module4GreatScientists单元作业（12页

‎2020届一轮复习外研版必修4 Module 4Great Scientists单元作业 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2019·南昌市十校模拟) Tour operators have seasonal deals on holidays to Canada, Australia and other countries in a new year.‎ Austravel Holidaymakers can save up to 30% on a trip to Australia with the Austravel sale, which runs for about a month. It also includes a fortnightlong trip to Perth and a west coast selfdrive trip from ￡795pp including flights in May or July.‎ ‎•austravel.com Canadian Affair The leading UK tour operator to Canada will be offering savings of up to ￡140pp during its winter sale. This includes a threenight city break to Toronto, including return flights, for just ￡399, if you book before 24 December. Other deals continue until 31 December.‎ ‎•canadianaffair.com Thomson and First Choice Some deals are being launched this week by Thomson and First Choice, with early booking offers including free places for kids, lower deposits and up to ￡300 off per couple on a lot of destinations.‎ ‎•thomson.co.uk, firstchoice.co.uk Eurocamp The camping company is offering thousands of Easter and May halfterm holidays for under ￡350, such as an Easter break at La Baume on the French Riviera for just ￡25 a night, based on a stay in a ‎ twobedroom holiday home. Early bookers can save up to 25% and secure a holiday with a deposit of just ￡99.‎ ‎•eurocamp.co.uk Kuoni Running from Christmas Eve, the Kuoni sale includes a wide range of offers. These offers include ten nights full board in the Maldives from ￡1,599 and seven nights in Phuket, Thailand from ￡999 per person — both including flights and transfers (换乘)．‎ ‎•kuoni.co.uk ‎1．How long may you stay in Perth with Austravel?‎ A．One month.　　　　　　　 B．Two weeks.‎ C．One week. D．Four nights.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据Austravel部分中的“It also includes a fortnightlong trip to Perth”可知，Austravel提供给游客为期14天的珀斯之游。fortnight意为“两周，十四天”。‎ ‎2．What does the author say about Thomson and First Choice?‎ A．It requires no deposit.‎ B．It offers cheap return flights.‎ C．It is suitable for family travel.‎ D．It can save up to ￡300 per person.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据Thomson and First Choice部分中的“including free places for kids, lower deposits and up to ￡300 off per couple”可知，Thomson and First Choice提供对孩子免费的地方，以及针对夫妇的折扣。所以它对家庭出游来说很合适。‎ ‎3．What do Eurocamp and Kuoni have in common?‎ A．Both have various offers.‎ B．Both include flights.‎ C．Both offer a discount for early booking.‎ D．Both need a deposit to secure a holiday.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据Eurocamp部分中的“The camping company is offering thousands of Easter and May halfterm holidays”可知，Eurocamp提供数千种假日出游选择；根据Kuoni部分中的“the Kuoni sale includes a wide range of offers”可知，Kuoni也为游客提供各种各样的出游选择。所以选A。‎ B ‎(2019·武汉市调研测试)Elon Musk was born in South Africa, in 1971. A crazy fan of computers, by the age of twelve, Musk had written the code (代码) for his own video game, which he sold for a profit.‎ He attended Queen's University in Canada, and transferred to the University of Pennsylvania, where he earned two bachelor's degrees, economics and physics. He was admitted to Stanford University in California, intending to earn a PhD in energy physics.‎ First Company — Zip2 Corporation In 1995, at the age of 24, Musk dropped out of Stanford University after just two days of classes to start his first company Zip2 Corporation. It was an online city guide that provided content for the new online versions of The New York Times and the Chicago Tribune newspapers. In 1999, Musk got $22 million from the sale of Zip2.‎ Online Banking In 1999, Elon Musk started X．com with $10 million dollars from the sale of Zip2.X.com was an online bank, and he was credited with inventing a method of securely transferring money using a receiver's ‎ email address.‎ PayPal In 2000, X．com bought a company called Confinity, which had started an Internet moneytransfer process called PayPal.Elon Musk dropped the online banking focus to concentrate on becoming a global payment transfer provider. In 2002, eBay bought PayPal for $1.5 billion.‎ Space Exploration Technologies In 2002, Elon Musk started SpaceX. He is a longstanding member of the Mars Society, a nonprofit organization that supports the exploration of Mars, and Musk is interested in building a greenhouse on Mars. SpaceX has been developing rocket technologies to enable Musk's project.‎ Tesla Motors In 2004, Elon Musk cofounded Tesla Motors, of which he is the only product architect. Tesla Motors builds electric vehicles. The company has built an electric sports car, the Tesla Roadster.‎ SolarCity In 2006, Elon Musk cofounded SolarCity, a photovoltaic (光电的) products and services company with his cousin Lyndon Rive.‎ ‎4．What was Elon Musk gifted in when he was young?‎ A．Economics. B．Physics.‎ C．Energy. D．Coding.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句“A crazy fan of computers, by the ... which he sold for a profit.”可知，埃隆·马斯克是一位疯狂的电脑迷，十二岁时他就为自己的视频游戏写代码并获利了；据此可知，他小时候就有写代码的天赋，故D项正确。‎ ‎5．Which of the following provides international payment transfer service?‎ A．X.com. B．Confinity.‎ C．PayPal. D．eBay.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据PayPal部分的第二句“Elon Musk dropped the online banking focus to concentrate on becoming a global payment transfer provider.”可知，PayPal提供国际转账支付服务，故C项正确。‎ ‎6．What has SpaceX been doing to help achieve Musk's project? ‎ A．Sponsoring the Mars Society.‎ B．Developing rocket technologies.‎ C．Building a greenhouse on Mars.‎ D．Supporting the exploration of Mars.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据Space Exploration Technologies部分的“SpaceX has been developing rocket technologies to enable Musk's project.”可知，美国太空探索技术公司(SpaceX)一直在研究开发火箭技术，帮助埃隆·马斯克实现他的项目(目标)，故B项正确。‎ ‎7．What is Tesla Motors noted for?‎ A．Its electric vehicles.‎ B．Its photovoltaic products.‎ C．Its service as a city tourist guide.‎ D．Its business with other companies.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据Tesla Motors部分，尤其是该部分的第二句“Tesla Motors builds electric vehicles.”可知，Tesla Motors是生产电动汽车的公司，故A项正确。‎ C ‎(2019·安徽师大附中测试)Whenever something looks interesting or beautiful, there is a natural desire of us to capture (捕捉) and preserve it — which means, in this day and age, that we are likely to reach for our phones to take a picture.‎ Though this would seem to be an ideal solution, there are two big problems associated with taking pictures. Firstly, we are likely to be so busy taking pictures that we forget to look at the world whose beauty and interest encourage us to take a photograph in the first place. And secondly, because we feel the pictures are safely stored on our phones, we never get around to looking at them, so sure are we that we'll get around to them one day.‎ The first person to notice the problems was the English art critic (评论家), John Ruskin. He was a keen traveler who realized that most tourists make a poor job of noticing or remembering the beautiful things they see. He argued that humans have a natural tendency to respond to beauty and desire to have it, but there are better and worse expressions of this desire. At worst, we get into buying souvenirs or taking photographs. But, in Ruskin's eyes, there's just one thing we should do — attempting to draw the interesting things we see, regardless of whether we happen to have any talent for doing so.‎ Ruskin said, “Drawing can teach us to see: to notice properly rather than gaze absentmindedly. In the process of recreating with our own hands what lies before our eyes, we naturally move from a position of observing beauty in a loose way to one where we acquire a deep understanding of its parts.”‎ Ruskin deplored the blindness and hurry of modern tourists, especially those who prided themselves on traveling around the whole Europe in a week by train, “No changing of places at a hundred miles an ‎ hour will make us stronger, happier, or wiser.There was always more in the world than men could see, if they ever walked slowly; they will see it no better for going fast. The really precious things are thoughts and sights, not pace.”‎ ‎8．According to Paragraph 2, when taking pictures, people tend to ________.‎ A．forget to appreciate something attractive on the spot B．find it hard to learn skills of taking good pictures C．find a good way to keep things in their minds D．have a chance to meet the challenge of new technology 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“Firstly, we are likely to be so busy ... in the first place.”可知，人们忙着拍照而忘了欣赏风景。‎ ‎9．According to Ruskin, what should travelers do to best express their appreciation of and desire for something beautiful?‎ A．To speak it out openly.‎ B．To photograph it instantly.‎ C．To purchase it immediately.‎ D．To paint it directly.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句“But, in Ruskin's eyes, there's just ... whether we happen to have any talent for doing so.”可知，Ruskin认为，旅游者把自己看到的美景直接画下来就是对美景欣赏的最好表达。‎ ‎10．From the fourth paragraph, we can infer that Ruskin encourages us to be ________.‎ A．considerate and determined B．active and adventurous C．creative and thoughtful D．sensitive and ambitious 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第四段的“In the process of recreating with our own hands ... we acquire a deep understanding of its parts.”可推知，Ruskin鼓励我们要有创造性，对景观要有深刻的理解。‎ ‎11．The underlined word “deplored” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to “________”．‎ A．appreciated B．criticized C．favored D．ignored 解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据最后一段的“the blindness and hurry of modern tourists”并结合Ruskin的主张可推知，deplore意为“批判，不赞成”，故选B。‎ D Scientists recently discovered three tyrannosaur (霸王龙) trackways in Canada. The trackways suggest the meat eaters traveled and hunted in groups. The 70millionyearold footprints are the first tyrannosaur trackways ever found. ‎ Tyrannosaurs were a type of meateating dinosaur that included the strong Tyrannosaurus rex and Albertosaurus. “Groups of tyrannosaurs may have stuck together as a group to increase their chances of bringing down animals and individually surviving，” study coauthor Richard McCrea says. He works for Canada's Peace Region Palaeontology Research Centre. It's believed that tyrannosaurs were_solitary_creatures. The newly discovered trackways could change the way scientists look at these frightening beasts.‎ Trackways can uncover a lot about the social behavior of a species. Unfortunately, very few tyrannosaur footprints have ever been found, and until recently, the only ones known were single prints discovered in Mongolia, the western U．S., and western Canada. But in October 2011, a hunting guide named Aaron Fredlund found two tyrannosaur track marks near Tumbler Ridge, an area in the foothills of the Canadian Rockies. Over the next year, McCrea and his team searched the site and found the remaining trackways.‎ The footprints are at about the same depth, which suggests the tyrannosaurs moved through the area at the same time. Impressions of the dinosaurs' rough skin are even visible in the prints. The prints are also in nearperfect condition. That's because the ground had a high clay (黏土) content when the dinosaurs walked through the area. The land was later covered by a thick layer of volcanic ash, which kept the marks intact (完整的). “This is the most ideal situation you could ask for，” McCrea says.‎ Researchers aren't sure of the exact species of tyrannosaur that left the prints. But the historic findings show a great deal about how the beasts moved and behaved. “We have extremely convincing evidence that tyrannosaurs traveled in groups，” says McCrea. “This is probably the most important evidence to come out to date on that topic.”‎ ‎12．What do the underlined words “were solitary creatures” in Paragraph 2 mean?‎ A．Caused others to be scared.‎ B．Usually had animal meat as food.‎ C．Usually spent much time alone.‎ D．Were able to live for a long time.‎ 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“The newly discovered trackways could change the way scientists look at these frightening beasts.”可知，科学家发现霸王龙是集体捕食的，这就推翻了以前对它们捕食行为的看法，可知以前霸王龙被认为是单独行动的动物。‎ ‎13．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?‎ A．The means of footprints.‎ B．The discovery of tyrannosaur footprints.‎ C．The protection of tyrannosaur footprints.‎ D．The study results of tyrannosaur footprints.‎ 解析：选B　段落大意题。第三段主要说明了在历史上霸王龙脚印分别在哪些地方被发现。‎ ‎14．Why were the tyrannosaur footprints well protected?‎ ‎ A．The dinosaurs left deep footprints.‎ ‎ B．The natural condition was perfect.‎ ‎ C．The area was untouched by humans.‎ D．The geological activities were active.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“That's because the ground had a high clay (黏土) ... which kept the marks intact (完整的)．”可知，霸王龙的脚印保存完好是因为有利的自然环境。 ‎ ‎15．Which of the following will McCrea most probably agree to？　‎ A．More tyrannosaur footprints would be found.‎ B．The social behaviors of dinosaurs are similar.‎ C．The mystery of tyrannosaur remains to be solved.‎ D．The findings are the basis of the research of dinosaurs.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Researchers aren't sure of the exact species of tyrannosaur that left the prints.”‎ 可知，关于霸王龙的一些迷仍未解开。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 ‎(2019·兰州市高三诊断考试)What makes people successful? Take a look around and talk to your friends and seniors who are very successful, you will see all of them have adopted certain values which have proved important for their success.‎ It is evident that successful people take initiative (主动性). When they find something needs to be done, they never hesitate to do it.__1__ They weigh immediately what has to be done and then do it with pleasure, thus strengthening their reputation.‎ Successful people do things with great enthusiasm, especially when they believe in what they are doing. They are motivated by their own satisfaction and the joy they get from doing their work. __2__‎ They do not fear failure. Failures and disappointments in life are unavoidable. __3__ Successful people pick themselves up after a fall and try again with more determination and commitment and learn from each failure. They associate with those they can learn from and enjoy the company of those appreciating their achievement.‎ Having a good IQ often gets a person what he wants but it's really the EQ that keeps him there and helps him enjoy a high reputation.__4__ By giving respect to others, they command respect for themselves.‎ ‎__5__ It's better to praise others and win favor with them. So instead of complaining about a situation, successful people always try to solve it.‎ A．Successful people never complain.‎ B．Successful persons don't make excuses.‎ C．They work hard even when no one is watching.‎ D．They believe that responsibility is taken, not given.‎ E．It's failure that teaches us much more than success.‎ F．It's hard to be successful if you don't trust the people around you.‎ G．Successful people are polite to everyone and treat others with respect.‎ ‎1选D　根据第二段第一句“It is evident that successful people take initiative (主动性)．”可知，成功的人往往积极主动，而不是被动接受任务，所以选D项。‎ ‎2．选C　根据上文中的“They are motivated by their own satisfaction and the joy they get from doing their work.”可知，因为成功人士能够从工作中得到满足和乐趣，所以他们会自己努力，不需要别人监督，故选C项。‎ ‎3．选E　根据下文中的“Successful people pick themselves up after a fall and try again with more determination and commitment and learn from each failure.”可知，E项“正是失败教会我们更多，而不是成功”符合语境，故选E项。‎ ‎4．选G　根据下文中的“By giving respect to others, they command respect for themselves.”可知，G项“成功人士礼貌待人，尊敬他人”符合语境，故选G项。‎ ‎5．选A　最后一段主要讲的是成功人士不抱怨，总是努力解决问题，故选A项作本段的主题句。‎