2020届北师大版高考英语一轮复习：选修7Unit19Language学案

2020届北师大版高考英语一轮复习：选修7Unit19Language学案

‎(一)课前自主学习 Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 ‎1．explicit adj.　　　　　　　　 明确的；清楚的 ‎2．transparent adj. 清晰易辨的；透明的 ‎3．ambiguous adj. 模棱两可的 ‎4．certificate n．　[纵联1] 证书；证明 ‎5．competence n. [纵联1] 能力 ‎6．diploma n. 毕业证书 ‎7．stewardess n. [纵联2] 女乘务员 ‎8．steward n．　[纵联2] 男乘务员 ‎9．amateur adj. 业余的 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 ‎1．nationwide adv. 全国性地 ‎2．thankful adj. 高兴的；感谢的 ‎3．attain vt. 达到；获得 ‎4．ensure vt. 　　[纵联3] 保证，确保 ‎5．accelerate vt.&vi. 加速 ‎6．enlarge vt. 扩大 ‎7．guarantee vt. 保证 ‎8．inform vt. 告知；通知 ‎9．resemble vt. 像；与……相似 ‎10．merely adv. 只；仅仅 ‎11．purchase vt. 　[纵联4] 购买 ‎12．fasten vt. 束紧 ‎13．sincerely adv. 真诚地 ‎14．register vt. 登记 ‎15．adequate adj. 足够的，充分的 ‎16．punctual adj. [纵联1] 准时的；守时的 ‎17．theory n. 理论；学说 ‎18．regulation n. 规则 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 ‎1．accuracy n．精确度，准确度→accurate adj.精确的，准确的→accurately adv.精确地 ‎2．absence n．不存在；缺乏；缺席→absent adj.缺席的，不在场的 ‎3．acquisition n．(语言)习得→acquire v．获取，得到 ‎4．surround vt.环绕，围绕→surrounding adj.周围的→surroundings n．环境 ‎5．adjust vt.调节；调整→adjustment n．调节；调整 ‎6．congratulate vt.祝贺→congratulation n．祝贺 ‎7．negotiate vt.谈判；协商→negotiation n．谈判；协商 ‎8．offence n．冒犯；得罪→offend v．冒犯 ‎9．approval n．赞成；赞许；批准→approve vt.赞成 ‎10．applicant n．申请人→apply vi.申请→application n．申请书 ‎11．embarrass vt.使窘迫→embarrassing adj.令人难堪的，令人窘迫的→embarrassed adj.窘迫的→embarrassment n．窘迫，难堪 ‎12．fluency n．流利度，流畅度→fluent adj.流利的，流畅的→fluently adv.流利地 纵联1.想要一份工作需要什么？‎ ‎①certificate证书；证明 ②competence能力 ‎③diploma毕业证书 ④resume简历 ‎⑤application申请书 ⑥interview面试 ‎⑦punctual准时的；守时的 纵联2.“男女有别”后缀是关键 ‎① ② ‎③ 纵联3.前缀“en”/后缀“en”动词知多少 ‎①enrich使充实 ②enable使能够 ‎③enlarge扩大 ④ensure确保，担保 ‎⑤endanger使……遭遇危险 ⑥entitle给……命题 ‎⑦enforce执行，实施 ⑧fasten束紧 ‎⑨widen加宽 ⑩broaden扩大 纵联4.与“购物”相关的名词一览 ‎①discount折扣 ②customer顾客 ‎③consumer消费者 ④purchase购买 ‎⑤bargain便宜货 ⑥cashier出纳员 ‎⑦refund退款 单元话题——语言学习 子话题1　语言学习的要点 ‎①pronounce vt.发音 ②vocabulary n．词汇 ‎③phrase n．短语，词组 ④expression n．词语，措辞 ‎⑤idiom n．成语，习语 ⑥grammar n．语法 ‎⑦sentence n．句子 ⑧spell vt.拼写 子话题2　语言学习的方法 ‎①recite vt.背诵 ②retell vt.复述 ‎③preview vt.预习 ④review vt.复习 ‎⑤practise vt.& vi.练习 ⑥drill n．& vi. 训练，操练 ‎⑦refer to/consult a dictionary查字典 子话题3　语言的分类 ‎①dialect n．方言，土话 ②written English书面英语 ‎③official language官方语言 ④spoken English英语口语 ‎[学考对接·活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ完形)In order to pass the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to apply❶ what we would learn in class to our future professions❷ and, eventually, to our lives. I managed to get❸ an A in that course and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the classroom.‎ ‎①写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：applicant ‎②写出加黑单词的形容词：professional，写出其形容词在本单元的反义词：amateur ‎③写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：attain ‎2．(2015·天津高考阅读D)Boldness — a willingness to extend yourself to the extreme — is not one that can be acquired❶ overnight. But it can be taught to children and developed in adults. Confidence builds up. Surely, there will be setbacks (挫折) and disappointments in life; boldness in itself is no guarantee❷ of success. But the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot better off than the person who tries to do nothing and succeeds.‎ So, always try to live a little bit beyond your abilities❸ — and you'll find your abilities are greater than you ever dreamed.‎ ‎①写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：acquisition ‎②选择加黑词的词义：A.保证书　B．保证　C．抵押品__B__，用guarantee作动词改写加黑词所在分句：boldness_in_itself_can't_guarantee_success ‎③写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：competence，加黑词所在短语beyond your ability意为超出你的能力 ‎3．(2015·北京高考阅读C)Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does.They need to look uniform.But how they're doing it is still unknown. One thing is clear❶： for these larger❷ animals, staying transparent is an active process.When they die, they turn a nontransparent❸ milky white.‎ ‎①写出加黑词在本单元的近义词：explicit ‎②写出加黑词在本单元的同根动词：enlarge，该动词的前缀为en，以en为前缀的常见动词还有enrich,_enable,_encourage等 ‎③写出加黑词在本单元的反义词：transparent 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用 ‎(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2018·浙江高考书面表达)我学习英语已经10年了，我能说一口流利的英语，因此我能保证在向学生介绍中国的时候没有困难。(fluency, ensure)‎ I've_learned_English_for_10_years,_and_I_can_speak_English_with_fluency,_so_I_can_ensure_that_I_have_no_trouble_introducing_China_to_students.‎ ‎2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我已经写好简历，但是由于是第一次作为申请人写申请书，所以我给你写信是希望你能给予我一些帮助。如果那样的话我将不胜感激。(applicant, thankful)‎ I_have_already_finished_my_resume.But_this_is_the_first_time_that_I_have_written_an_application_as_an_applicant,_so_I'm_writing_to_you,_hoping_you_can_give_me_some_help.I_will_be_very_thankful_if_you_can_do_me_the_favor.‎ ‎3．(2015·江苏高考书面表达)‎ 事实上，交通规则是规章制度的一部分，与公众秩序紧密相关。如果没有它们，人们不可能享受到和谐，或者整个国家也会处于混乱中。但只有规则是不能保证一个有序的社会，只有人们服从规则才会变的重要。(regulation, guarantee)‎ In_fact,_traffic_rules_are_part_of_the_rules_and_regulations_closely_related_to_public_order._Without_them,_people_could_not_enjoy_harmony_or_the_country_would_be_in_chaos._But_rules_alone_don't_guarantee_an_orderly_society._It_is_the_people_who_obey_the_rules_that_matter.‎ ‎ (二)课堂重点释疑 ‎1．absence n．不在，缺席；缺乏，没有 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)absence from ...　　　　　 缺席；离开 absence of mind 心不在焉 in one's absence ＝in the absence of sb.‎ ‎ 在某人不在的时候 ‎(2)absent adj. 缺席的；茫然的 absentminded adj. 心不在焉的 be absent from 缺席；不存在；缺少 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①The little girl often takes the responsibility to look after her young brother in the absence of her parents.‎ ‎②It is because of a long absence (absent) from school that I am a bit behind the other classmates.‎ ‎③Hopefully，the robot like human beings will help some children feel less lonely while they are absent from class.‎ 句型转换 ‎④Her absence from the meeting caused lots of doubts.‎ ‎→That she was absent from the meeting caused lots of doubts.‎ ‎⑤He acted as chairman in my absence.‎ ‎→He acted as chairman in the absence of me.‎ 完成句子 ‎⑥The mistake was made due to his absence_of_mind.‎ 他因心不在焉才犯了这个错误。‎ ‎⑦While doing a WatchedPot Wait, we tend to get absentminded.‎ 当我们在WatchedPot Wait的时候，往往会心不在焉。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑧(2014·北京高考书面表达)我很遗憾地告诉你，因为我左脚受伤我可能缺席。‎ I'm_sorry_to_tell_you_that_I_can_be_absent_from_it,_because_my_left_foot_was_injured.‎ ‎2．surround vt.环绕，围绕；包围 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)surround sb./sth.with sb./sth.　 用某人/某物包围某人/某物 be surrounded by/with sb./sth. 被某人/某物包围 ‎(2)surrounding adj. 周围的，附近的 surroundings n. 周围的事物；环境；‎ ‎ 气氛 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①The experiment is carried out to prove the earth is surrounded by/with a layer of air called the atmosphere.‎ ‎②When I headed toward the centre, I found myself surrounded (surround) by buildings that mirror the best palaces of Europe.‎ ‎③Only if we take good care of the surrounding trees and rivers can we live in more comfortable and beautiful surroundings.(surround)‎ ‎④I came to realize that the key to success lay in trying to surround myself with creative people.‎ ‎[用准]　surroundings 意为“周围的事物；环境；气氛”时为复数形式。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)令我非常高兴的是，一个漂亮的新体育场建成了，周围环境优美。‎ To_my_great_joy,_a_wonderful_new_gymnasium_has_been_built_up_with_beautiful_surroundings_around_it.‎ ‎3．inform vt.告知；通知 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)inform sb.of/about sth.　　 通知某人某事 inform sb.that ... 告知某人……‎ ‎(2)informed adj. 了解情况的；消息灵通的 keep sb.informed of sth. 使某人知道某事 ‎(3)information n． [U] 信息 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①The Internet keeps us informed (inform) of what is going on around us at any time.‎ ‎②The main thing is to inform the public about/of it so that people learn what is needed to be done.‎ ‎③In fact, the aim of reading is to express the information (inform) you have got from the text.‎ 完成句子 ‎④A month ago, our_teacher_informed_us_that we would take the test on April 12th.‎ 一个月前，老师通知我们4月12日考试。‎ ‎⑤We try and keep_ourselves_informed_of current trends.‎ 我们设法随时了解形势的发展。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑥My cousin informed me of his return this Saturday morning and asked me to pick him up at the airport with his family.(用复合句和现在分词短语作状语改写句子)‎ ‎→My_cousin_informed_me_that_he_would_return_this_Saturday_morning,_asking_me_to_pick_him_up_at_the_airport_with_his_family.‎ ‎4．purchase vt.购买n.购买；购买力 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)purchase sth.from sb.　　 从某人那里买到某物 ‎(2)make a purchase 购买 on special purchase 特价出售 ‎[练通]　完成句子 ‎①Many commercial websites have a red “Buy Now” button to encourage people to make_a_purchase.‎ 为了鼓励人们购买，许多商业网站都有一个红色的“现在就买”的按钮。‎ ‎②The equipment can_be_purchased_from your local supplier. ‎ 这种设备可以从您当地的供应商那里购买。‎ ‎③These goods are on_special_purchase,_so the sooner the better.‎ 这些商品在特价销售，所以越快购买越好。‎ ‎[用准]　make a purchase意为“购买”时，purchase为可数名词，所以要加冠词a。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎④(2018·江苏高考书面表达)无论我在网上购买什么商品，我都倾向于参考消费评级。‎ I_tend_to_consult_consumption_ratings_whatever_I_purchase_on_the_Internet.‎ ‎5．embarrass vt.使窘迫，使尴尬；使为难 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)It embarrasses/embarrassed sb.to do sth.‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　 做某事使某人窘迫 ‎(2)embarrassed adj. 难堪的，尴尬的 be embarrassed at/about 对……感到为难/尴尬 embarrassing adj. 令人困窘的 ‎(3)embarrassment n. 困窘，难堪 to one's embarrassment 令某人感到困窘的是 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①One day, this approach threw me into embarrassment (embarrass)．‎ ‎②The more embarrassing (embarrass) or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes.‎ ‎③He was embarrassed at/about being the centre of attention.‎ ‎④He told a rather rude joke, and everyone present looked embarrassed (embarrass)．‎ 完成句子 ‎⑤It_embarrassed_me_to_meet the young man again, for I had misunderstood him.‎ 再次见到这个年轻人让我感到尴尬，因为我误会过他。‎ ‎⑥Much_to_her_embarrassment,_she realized that everyone was staring at her.‎ 令她感到非常困窘的是，她意识到大家都在盯着她看。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑦She felt embarrassed by so much praise and rose from her seat and left quietly.(用过去分词短语作状语)‎ ‎→Embarrassed_by_so_much_praise,_she_rose_from_her_seat_and_left_quietly.‎ ‎6．resemble vt.像；与……相似 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)resemble sb./sth. in ... 在……方面与某人/物相似 ‎ ‎(2)resemblance n. 相似 ‎[练通]　完成句子 ‎①She resembles her mother in_character but not in_appearance.‎ 她性格像她母亲，但样貌不像。‎ ‎②The_resemblance_between_the_two_signatures was remarkable.‎ 两个签名的相似之处非常明显。‎ ‎[用准]　resemble不能用于进行时，也没有被动语态。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎③Looking at the photos that you have posted me, I am amazed that how closely you are ‎ similar to a famous star in appearance.(用resemble改写)‎ ‎→Looking_at_the_photos_that_you_have_posted_me,_I_am_amazed_that_how_closely_you_resemble_a_famous_star_in_appearance.‎ ‎7．adequate adj.足够的，充分的；胜任的 ‎[记牢]‎ be adequate for 足够……，对……来说是足够的 be adequate to (do) sth. 胜任(做)某事；足够(做)某事 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①A bit too old as he is, he is still adequate to the work.‎ ‎②The information available on the Internet is adequate for our needs.‎ ‎③Is your salary adequate to_support (support) your family？‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎④(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)因此，你可以和朋友的家人一起准备晚餐——你不需要做任何事情，和他们在一起就足够了。‎ Thus,_you_can_join_your_friend's_families_to_prepare_the_dinner_—_you_needn't_do_anything,_and_just_being_with_them_is_fair_adequate.‎ ‎8．negotiate vt.谈判；协商 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)negotiate with sb.about/for sth.　 与某人商谈某事 ‎(2)negotiation n. 谈判；磋商，洽谈 under negotiation 在商谈中 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空/句型转换 ‎①We have been negotiating with the manager for/about improving the salary.‎ ‎②We are satisfied with the smoothness of the negotiation (negotiate)．‎ ‎③He asked me to tell you that the contract was still being negotiated.‎ ‎→He asked me to tell you that the contract was under negotiation.‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎④(2017·北京高考书面表达)如果你是外国游客，那就和导游商量一下你在景区的住宿。‎ If_you're_a_foreign_tourist,_you_will_negotiate_with_the_guide_about_your_accommodations_in_the_scenic_spot.‎ ‎9．guarantee vt.保证；担保n.保证；保证书；抵押品 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)　　　　　 保证某人得到某物 guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事 be guaranteed to do sth. 必定做某事 ‎(2)under guarantee 在保修期内 give sb.a guarantee (that ...) 向某人保证(……)‎ ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①I guarantee to_finish (finish) off my paper on time, no matter what happens.‎ ‎②This kind of behaviour is guaranteed to_make (make) him angry.‎ ‎③The car is still under guarantee, so you should be able to get it repaired free of charge.‎ 完成句子 ‎④Temporary extension of two years will guarantee_scientists_enough_time/guarantee_enough_time_to_scientists.‎ 临时延长两年将保证科学家有足够的时间。‎ ‎⑤Can you give_me_a_guarantee_that the work will be finished on time?‎ 你能向我保证工作会按时完成吗？‎ ‎[用准]　如果表示“保证某人做某事”，guarantee不能用于guarantee sb. to do ...，只能用于guarantee to do ...或guarantee that ...。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑥(2018·北京高考书面表达)首先，我要对你表示最热烈的欢迎，我保证你在北京的大学期间会有最难忘的经历。‎ Firstly,_I_would_like_to_express_my_warmest_welcome_to_you_and_I_guarantee_that_you_will_have_the_most_unforgettable_experience_during_your_college_in_Beijing.‎ ‎10．adjust vt.调节；调整；整理vi.适应 ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中adjust的含义 ‎①The body can adjust itself to the change of temperature. 调节 ‎②Watch out for sharp bends and adjust your speed accordingly. 调整 ‎③Once you've adjusted to your new independence you may find you can go further. 适应 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)adjust to　 　　　　　　　　　 适应于 adjust sth. to sth. 调整……以适应……‎ adjust to (doing) sth. 适应于(做)某事 adjust oneself to ... 使自己适应于……‎ ‎(2)adjustment n. 调整，调节；适应 make an adjustment/adjustments to ...‎ ‎ 对……作出调整 ‎(3)adjustable adj. 可调节的，可调整的 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎④If you adjust to someone, the person will begin to feel that you are with him on the same wave.‎ ‎⑤With the continuous changes of job market, I made adjustments (adjust) to my job expectations time and again.‎ ‎⑥You should adjust your language to the age of your audience.‎ ‎⑦A chair with adjustable (adjust) height is beneficial to your health.‎ 完成句子 ‎⑧In the new term, most students adjusted_themselves_to_their_new_environment very quickly.‎ 在新学期，大多数学生很快使自己适应了他们的新环境。‎ ‎⑨I heard that the company would make_an_adjustment_to_your_salary.‎ 我听说公司将对你的薪金作出调整。‎ ‎[用准]　在adjust to ...中，to为介词，后面要跟名词、代词或动名词。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑩(2014·天津高考书面表达)然而，虽然天气、食物与你以往有所不同，我相信你会很快适应的。‎ However,_I_think_that_you_will_quickly_adjust_to_the_weather_and_the_food_although_they_are_different_from_yours.‎ ‎11．congratulate vt.祝贺；庆贺；恭喜 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)congratulate sb. on 就……向某人祝贺 ‎ congratulate oneself on (doing) sth.‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　 感到自豪；暗自庆幸；为自己高兴 ‎(2)congratulation n. 祝贺；恭喜 offer/send one's congratulations to sb.(on sth.)‎ ‎ (为某事)向某人表示祝贺 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①The manager congratulated the employees on their great efforts.‎ ‎②I want to express my sincere congratulations (congratulate) on your success.‎ 完成句子/一句多译 ‎③我由衷地为自己有这么知识渊博的父母而感到高兴。‎ I heartily congratulate_myself_on having such profound parents.‎ 我们祝贺你们通过了高考。‎ ‎④We congratulate_you_on_your_passing the College Entrance Examination.(congratulate)‎ ‎⑤We offer_our_congratulations_to_you_on_your_passing the College Entrance Examination.(congratulation)‎ ‎[用准]　‎ congratulate ‎“祝贺；道贺”，只能用人作宾语，若要表明所祝贺的事情，后面要用on/upon连接，构成congratulate sb. on/upon sth.‎ celebrate 举行仪式、典礼的“庆祝”，只能用事(节日、胜利、成功等)作宾语 ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑥(2017·天津高考书面表达)我为自己成为8月底在天津举办的第13届全运会志愿者而感到自豪。‎ I_congratulate_myself_on_being_a_volunteer_of_the_13th_National_Games_held_in_Tianjin_at_the_end_of_August.‎ ‎[词汇过关综合训练]　‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．If you witness the accident, please inform (通知) the police.‎ ‎2．His comprehensive surveys have provided the most explicit (清楚的) statements.‎ ‎3．Exposure to the sun can accelerate (加快) the ageing process.‎ ‎4．He was absent (缺席的) from the party yesterday because of his sudden heart disease.‎ ‎5．Police will have the pictures enlarged (扩大) in an attempt to identify the thief.‎ ‎6．After discussing it with my teacher, I made a few adjustments (调整) to my original design.‎ ‎7．They agreed to go merely (仅仅) because they were getting paid for it.‎ ‎8．The couple was very thankful (感谢的) and praised him for his honesty.‎ ‎9．I appreciate your hard work, but I can not give you a guarantee (保证) that you will surely get promoted.‎ ‎10．An evening party was held to congratulate (祝贺) my classmate on his winning the English contest.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Was your knowledge of the languages adequate for the job?‎ ‎2．It's difficult to tell the plant from others because it resembles grass in appearance.‎ ‎3．We must think twice before we decide to make a purchase on the Internet.‎ ‎4．We negotiated with the school administration about the tuition increase.‎ ‎5．The whole family congratulated Jack on being admitted to the key university.‎ ‎6．The cell phone will be repaired free when it is under guarantee without human damage.‎ ‎7．Surrounded (surround) by a lake, the building looks very beautiful under the lights at night.‎ ‎8．If she wants to settle in an Englishspeaking country, she must adjust herself (her) to English life.‎ ‎9．As a monitor, I would keep you informed (inform) of what happened in the classroom every day.‎ ‎10．It is rather embarrassing (embarrass) that we still do not know how many species there are in the world today.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．Our coach is negotiating to the headmaster for the use of their gym. to→with ‎2．The boy is poor, to whom love was totally absent of his childhood. of→from ‎3．She was always calm and never seemed embarrassing. embarrassing→embarrassed ‎4．You must measure the length accurate in order to get the number. accurate→accurately ‎5．It keeps us informing of what has happened both national and international news. informing→informed Ⅳ.完成句子 ‎1．The trade agreement is still under_negotiation among members of WTO.‎ 世贸组织的成员国之间正在讨论这个商业协定。‎ ‎2．The manager required that he (should)_be_informed_of_the_latest_developments.‎ 经理要求把最新的进展情况通知他。‎ ‎3．It made his boss angry that he_was_absent_from_the_meeting so many times.‎ 他多次缺席会议使他的老板很生气。‎ ‎4．We offered/sent_our_congratulations_to_him_on his success in business.‎ 我们祝贺他生意兴隆。‎ ‎5．Much_to_her_embarrassment,_all of her friends refused to go to her birthday party.‎ 令她非常尴尬的是，她所有的朋友都拒绝参加她的生日聚会。‎ ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎1．keep_in_mind [串记1]　　　　 记住 ‎2．be_aware_of 意识到，觉察到，明白 ‎3．rely_on 依靠；依赖 ‎4．adjust_...to_... 调整……以适应……‎ ‎5．on_purpose　[串记2] 故意地 ‎6．regardless_of 不管；不顾 ‎7．on_the_other_hand 另一方面 ‎8．get_ahead 取得成功；获得进步 ‎9．take_the_form_of 以……的形式出现(存在)‎ ‎10．inform_sb._of_sth. 通知某人某事 ‎11．consist_of 　[串记3] 由……组成/构成 ‎12．catch_on 学会；受欢迎 ‎13．congratulate_sb._on_sth. 就某事向某人祝贺 ‎14．I_bet 我肯定 ‎15．more_than　[串记4] 不仅仅；超过 ‎16．stand_out 出色；突出 ‎[同根短语串记]‎ 串记1.mind短语个个清 ‎①make up one's mind 下决心 ‎ ‎②bear/keep in mind 记住 ‎③change one's mind 改变主意 ‎④come to mind 突然记起或想到 串记2.“故意地”相关词汇知多少 ‎①purposely adv. 故意地，蓄意地 ‎②deliberately adv. 有意地，故意地 ‎③intentionally adv. 故意地，有意地 ‎④by design 故意地，有意地 ‎⑤on purpose 有目的地，有意地 串记3.盘点“组成”短语 ‎①consist of ②make up ‎③be made up of ④be composed of 串记4.与than有关的短语 ‎①more than 超过；不止；不仅仅是 ‎②no more than 仅仅；只不过 ‎③not more than 至多；不超过 ‎④other than 除了 ‎⑤rather than 不愿；而不是 ‎⑥more ...than ... 比……更……‎ ‎⑦less than 少于 ‎1．jump for joy　　　　　 　　　　　欢呼雀跃 ‎2．be in a state of unrest 处于不安的状态 ‎3．the school curriculum 学校课程 ‎4．outside of the classroom 课外 ‎5．an Englishspeaking country 一个讲英语的国家 ‎6．make a circle with his fingers 用他的手指做一个圈 ‎7．a native language environment 本地语言环境 ‎8．share a common spoken language 分享共同的语言 ‎9．speak English as a second language 把英语作为第二语言 ‎1．It_was_predicted as early as the 1700s that English would one day be the global language and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades. ‎ 早在18世纪人们就预测，有一天英语将成为全球性语言，并且在过去的几十年中它已得到了证明。‎ ‎2．Quality input ensures quality output, whether it is speaking or writing.‎ 不管是说还是写，高质量的输入确保高质量的输出。‎ ‎3．Thirdly, you say that there is a discount provided_that I pay in advance.‎ 第三，你们说我只要预付款就有折扣。‎ ‎[学考对接·活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词块与句式 ‎1．(2018·天津高考完形)Thinking hard about it, I came to realize that my team might not be the number one team in Georgia, but they were depending on me. I had to change my attitude about their ability and potential.(用本单元短语替换加黑词汇)relying_on ‎2．(2018·北京高考阅读A)When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic.(用本单元短语升级加黑词汇)was_aware_of 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词块与句式 ‎(根据汉语及提示翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2018·天津高考书面表达)如果您能在收到培训计划后在邮件中提出您的宝贵建议，我们也非常高兴。(provided that引导条件状语从句)‎ We_are_also_very_pleased_provided_that_you_can_give_your_valuable_advice_when_you_receive_the_training_program_in_your_email.‎ ‎2．(2014·湖南高考书面表达)我设计的是钢笔。一方面，它很容易携带。另一方面，它不仅用于写作，也用于其他重要方面。(on the other hand)‎ I_design_my_pen.On_the_one_hand,_it's_easy_to_carry.On_the_other_hand,_it's_used_not_only_for_writing_but_also_for_other_important_aspects.‎ ‎ (二)课堂重点释疑 ‎ [短语集释]‎ ‎1．catch on学会；受欢迎，流行起来；(与to连用)理解；被接受 ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中catch on的含义 ‎①He is very quick to catch on to things. 理解 ‎②If only this idea could catch on, we should be able to make quite a lot of money out of it.‎ 被接受 ‎③The new dance quickly caught on among the young. 受欢迎，流行起来 ‎[记牢]‎ catch hold of　　　　　　　　　 抓住 catch up with 赶上；缠上 catch sight of 看见 catch one's attention 吸引某人的注意 catch sb.doing sth. 撞见某人做某事 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎④I was trying to decide what to do when I caught sight of the advertisement on a board.‎ ‎⑤Only in this way can we catch up with them in computer technology in the near future.‎ ‎⑥But I'm not sure if they are written well enough to catch their (they) attention.‎ ‎⑦Catch hold of this rope, and we'll pull you up.‎ 完成句子 ‎⑧I caught_my_classmate_reading my private letters.‎ 我撞见我的同学在阅读我的私人信件。‎ ‎⑨She_doesn't_seem_to_catch_on when people try to tell her what other people might be doing to her.‎ 当别人试着告诉她有些人会对她做一些事情的时候，她看起来无法理解。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑩(2016·江苏高考书面表达)网上投票现在很流行。许多人对投票的负面影响有些困惑，但是有些人对此很满意并且积极参与。‎ Internet_voting_is_quite_catching_on_nowadays.Many_people_are_somewhat_puzzled_at_the_negative_side_of_the_voting,_although_some_are_quite_happy_with_it,_and_active_in_doing_it.‎ ‎2．on purpose故意地；有意地 ‎[记牢]‎ for the purpose of　　　 为了……，出于……目的 with the purpose of 带着……的目的 ‎[练通]　完成句子 ‎①I know you didn't break the vase on_purpose.Don't cry!‎ 我知道你不是故意打碎花瓶的。别哭了！‎ ‎②He is the first winner of a new scholarship created by the Graduate Business Council with_the_purpose_of helping students.‎ 他是研究生商业委员会设立的旨在帮助学生的新奖学金的第一个获得者。‎ ‎③I remind myself over and over that I'm working only for_the_purpose_of one of my dreams.‎ 我一遍又一遍地提醒自己，我工作只是为了实现我众多梦想中的一个。‎ ‎[用准]　on purpose意为“故意地；有意地”时介词为on；其反义词“偶然地，意外地”的表达有：by accident, by chance, accidentally等。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎④(2014·陕西高考书面表达)今天我们如期举行英语才艺表演，旨在培养我们对英语学习的兴趣和听说实践能力。‎ As_scheduled,_we_have_English_Talent_Show_today_with_the_purpose_of_developing_our_interest_in_English_learning_and_practical_abilities_in_listening_and_speaking.‎ ‎3．on the other hand另一方面 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)on the one hand ... on the other (hand) ...一方面……；另一方面(却)……(引出不同的，尤指对立的观点、思想等)‎ ‎(2)for one thing ... for another ... 一则……；二则…… (引出并列的理由)‎ ‎(3)first(ly) ...second(ly) ... 第一……；第二……‎ ‎[练通]　完成句子 ‎①On_the_one_hand,_computers improve the working efficiency; on_the_other_hand,_they also bring about some new problems.‎ 一方面，计算机提高了(人们的)工作效率；另一方面，也引起了一些新的问题。‎ ‎②First(ly),_the higher the rating is, the better the quality of goods and services are.Second(ly),_according to the rating, I can quickly make the choice.‎ 首先，评级越高，商品和服务的质量就越好。其次，根据评级，我可以很快做出选择。‎ ‎③It's not surprising for them to do so.For_one_thing,_with the pace of modern life becoming faster and faster, time is quite precious.For_another,_home cooking food is simpler in kind and less delicious, especially for those who are particular about food.‎ 他们这样做并不奇怪。一方面，随着现代生活节奏越来越快，时间是非常宝贵的。另一方面，家庭烹饪食物在种类上更简单，味道更差，尤其是对那些对食物挑剔的人。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎④(2014·上海高考书面表达)一方面，它很大程度上覆盖了一个人的职业发展；另一方面，它对一个人未来的职业成功有很大的影响。‎ On_the_one_hand,_it_covers_one's_career_development_a_great_deal.On_the_other_hand,_it_makes_a_great_difference_to_one's_career_success_in_the_future.‎ ‎[句式集释]‎ ‎1．whether ...or ...‎ ‎[教材原句]　Quality input ensures quality output, whether it is speaking or writing.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)(2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读七选五)Whether you're looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant.‎ 不管你看的是墙纸还是油漆，花在上面的时间、精力和相关费用都是很重要的。‎ ‎(2)I'd appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether_or_not you will come.‎ 如果你能让我提前知道你是否能来，我会很感激的。‎ ‎(3)Every student should consider their own situation to choose whether_to_do_a_parttime_job_(or_not)．‎ 每个学生应该考虑他们的自身情况来选择是否要做兼职工作。‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 ‎(1)whether ...or ...引导让步状语从句，意为“不管是……还是……，不论……还是……”。‎ ‎(2)whether or not意为“无论，是否”。‎ ‎(3)whether to do sth.(or not)意为“是否做某事”，为“引导词＋to do”形式，常用来作动词宾语。‎ 注意事项 ‎(1)whether ...or ...既可以引导让步状语从句，还可引导名词性从句。‎ ‎(2)whether to do sth.(or not)作宾语时or not可以省略。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)(2016·江苏高考满分作文)Online voting becomes increasingly popular, and many competitions get people involved in it.It is beneficial to some people, while it puts others into a dilemma over whether to vote or not.(开头句)‎ ‎(2)(2015·浙江高考满分作文)Once we were left to decide whether to have a picnic in a park or go to a museum.I would love to go to a museum.(要点句)‎ ‎(3)(2015·安徽高考满分作文)I would also like to know how he felt in space and whether or not space travel is such great fun as I have read.(要点句)‎ ‎2．provided that 引导条件状语从句 ‎[教材原句]　Thirdly, you say that there is a discount provided_that I pay in advance.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)Provided/Providing (provide) your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you'll have no trouble answering these questions.‎ 只要你的意识尽可能敏锐，你就能毫不费力地回答这些问题。‎ ‎(2)Supposing/Suppose (suppose) I have a knowledge of computer, I won't trouble you with such small things.‎ 如果我懂计算机知识，这样的小事情我不会麻烦你。‎ ‎(3)They agreed to lend us the car on_condition_that we returned it before the weekend.‎ 他们同意借车给我们，条件是周末之前归还。‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 此句中的provided that作连词用，引导条件状语从句，that可以省略，相当于providing that。类似的连词有：‎ ‎(1)suppose/supposing (that), given (that), assume/assuming (that)　　　　假如，如果 ‎(2)on condition that 如果，在……条件下 ‎(3)as/so long as 只要 ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)(2014·天津高考满分作文)So provided/providing (that) you join us, I'm sure you can get along well with them and quickly make friends with them, too.(开头句)‎ ‎(2)(2018·天津高考满分作文)We are also very pleased assume/assuming (that) you can give your valuable advice when you receive the training program in your email.(要点句)‎ ‎(3)(2015·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)Suppose/Supposing (that) you are able to come with us, please let us know and we'll wait for you at the school gate at 9 in the morning.(要点句)‎ ‎[词块、句式过关综合训练]　‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 keep in mind， get ahead， rely on， on purpose， regardless of， consist of， more than， stand out， adjust ...to ...， catch on ‎1．They should adjust their websites to the needs of younger users.‎ ‎2．If you keep working like this, there's no doubt that you'll get_ahead of others.‎ ‎3．Anyone, regardless_of age or level of fitness, can practice and benefit from Tai Chi.‎ ‎4．We will never become who we want to be if we rely_on everyone else to qualify us.‎ ‎5．I think this novel will catch_on well after it comes out.‎ ‎6．They thought someone was poisoning the people on_purpose but no one knew how it was possible.‎ ‎7．Keep_in_mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean becoming friends again with the person who upset you.‎ ‎8．She is the sort of person who stands_out in a crowd.‎ ‎9．It consists_of several domeshaped laboratories, similar to the ones imagined for the first Mars settlers.‎ ‎10．At present more_than forty countries in the world grow tea with Asian countries producing 90% of the world's total output.‎ Ⅱ.句型转换/完成句子 ‎1．You can use this room so long as you keep it clean.‎ ‎①You can use this room on condition that you keep it clean.‎ ‎②You can use this room providing/provided/supposing/suppose/given that you keep it clean.‎ ‎2．Whether_you_like_it_or_not,_you have to take good care of the homeless dog.‎ 不管你喜欢与否，你必须照顾好这只流浪狗。‎ ‎3．On_the_one_hand I'd like a job that pays more, but on_the_other_hand I enjoy the work I'm doing at the moment.‎ 一方面我想要工资高的工作，但另一方面我又喜欢现在的工作。‎ ‎4．The lady repeated her question several times but I_still_couldn't_catch_on.‎ 那位女士把她的问题重复了几遍，但我还是不理解。‎ Ⅲ.分步写作 假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Peter想提高中文水平，进一步了解中国文化。请给他写一封信，推荐学习资源(resource)。内容包括：‎ ‎1．表达愿意提供帮助的意愿；‎ ‎2．学习资源：报纸、杂志及其他途径；‎ ‎3．推荐理由；‎ ‎4．表达祝愿。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 本写作属于应用文中的普通书信，时态为一般现在时，人称为第一人称。要点表达可以从下面四部分着手：一是表达愿意提供帮助的意愿；二是学习资源的介绍(报纸、杂志及其他途径)；三是推荐理由；四是表达祝愿。要点表达要力求准确全面，避免跑题。‎ 要点1：我听说你想提高中文水平，了解更多的中国文化。我想给你推荐一些资源。‎ I_hear_that_you_want_to_improve_your_Chinese_and_know_more_about_Chinese_culture.I_want_to_recommend_some_resources_to_you.‎ 要点2：首选报纸杂志，也有其他途径。‎ Newspapers_and_magazines_are_the_first_choices,_and_there_are_other_ways.‎ 要点3：资源中的新闻和故事很有趣。‎ News_and_stories_in_these_resources_are_amazing.‎ 要点4：祝你取得进步。‎ Wish_you_can_make_great_progress.‎ 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 为了使内容更充实，我们需要对要点进行升级改造，使之更加完美、地道，如要点1可使用it作形式主语而不定式作真正主语使表达水平更进一步；要点2可添加报纸和杂志的具体例子以及其他途径的具体例子，可使用动名词作主语和定语从句及there be句型；要点3中可用so ...that ...句型提升读者阅读的兴趣，同时可用条件状语从句能说明阅读这些资源的价值；要点4可使用并列句表达作者殷切期望。‎ 拓展1：我很高兴听说你渴望提高中文水平，了解更多的中国文化。我很荣幸能给你提供一些资源。(be eager to do sth., it作形式主语)‎ I_am_glad_to_hear_that_you_are_eager_to_improve_your_Chinese_and_know_more_about_Chinese_culture.It's_my_pleasure_to_recommend_some_resources_to_you.‎ 拓展2－①：阅读一些流行的报纸和杂志，如《南方周末》，是第一选择，从中你可以获得很多关于中国风俗的信息。(动名词作主语， from which引导定语从句)‎ Reading some popular newspapers and magazines, such as Southern Weekly, is the first choice, from which you can get lots of information about Chinese customs.‎ 拓展2－②：你还可以通过互联网、电视或一些应用程序等其他方式体验中国的语言和文化。(there be句型， experience)‎ There_are_other_ways_to_experience_the_Chinese_language_and_culture_on_the_Internet,_on_TV_or_with_some_apps.‎ 拓展3－①：这些资源中有趣的新闻和故事是如此令人惊奇，你永远不会感到无聊。(so ...that ...)‎ The_interesting_news_and_stories_in_these_resources_are_so_amazing_that_you_will_never_feel_bored.‎ 拓展3－②：只要你用心学习这些资源，你将会从中受益很多。(provided that, benefit from)‎ Provided_that_you_learn_these_resources_in_heart,_you_will_benefit_a_lot_from_them.‎ 拓展4：你能在学习汉语方面取得更大的进步，更好地了解中国文化。(have a better understanding of)‎ You_can_make_great_progress_in_learning_Chinese_and_have_a_better_understanding_of_Chinese_culture.‎ 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 ‎　开头表达愿意提供帮助的意愿；中间列举要点，用到连结词，如Besides；结尾用I sincerely hope that ...句型表达期待和祝愿。‎ Dear_Peter，‎ I_am_glad_to_hear_that_you_are_eager_to_improve_your_Chinese_and_know_more_about_Chinese_culture.It's_my_pleasure_to_recommend_some_resources_to_you.‎ Reading_some_popular_newspapers_and_magazines,_such_as_Southern_Weekly,_is_the_first_choice,_from_which_you_can_get_lots_of_information_about_Chinese_customs.Besides,_there_are_other_ways_to_experience_the_Chinese_language_and_culture_on_the_Internet,_on_TV_or_with_some_apps.The_interesting_news_and_stories_in_these_resources_are_so_amazing_that_you_will_never_feel_bored.Provided_that_you_learn_these_resources_in_heart,_you_will_benefit_a_lot_from_them.‎ I_sincerely_hope_that_you_can_make_great_progress_in_learning_Chinese_and_have_a_better_understanding_of_Chinese_culture.‎ Yours，‎ Li_Hua 理清句间结构之(三)　举例 一般来说，议论文和说明文都需要一些例子来支持作者的论证和说明，这些例子往往与作者的说明和论述有很大的关联，考纲中明确提出考生需要掌握区分论点与论据的能力，因此这也成了考题出处的热点。要牢记一般文章举例处的前后句就是与该例子相关的作者论点，所以在做此类题目的时候就需要追本溯源，寻找观点，才能保证所选答案的正确率。举例标志性词汇：for example, for instance, take ...as an example, such as, like等。‎ ‎[高考典例1]　2018·全国卷Ⅰ·D篇 So what's the solution (解决方案)? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more ondemand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.‎ Q：Which of the following uses the least energy?‎ A．The boxset TV.　　　　　 B．The tablet.‎ C．The LCD TV. D．The desktop computer.‎ ‎[分析]　该段中用such as举例说明在平板电脑上观看更多的点播娱乐节目，而不是看电视和台式电脑，可以将能耗降低44%。故选B。‎ ‎[高考典例2]　2017·天津卷·D篇 I read somewhere that we spend a full third of our lives waiting. But where are we doing all of this waiting, and what does it mean to an impatient society like ours? To understand the issue, let's take a look at three types of “waits”．‎ The very purest form of waiting is the WatchedPot Wait. It is without doubt the most annoying of all. Take filling up the kitchen sink (洗碗池) as an example. There is absolutely nothing you can do while this is going on but keep both eyes fixed on the sink until it's full. During these waits, the brain slips away from the body and wanders about until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks. This kind of wait makes the waiter helpless and mindless.‎ Q：While doing a WatchedPot Wait, we tend to ________.‎ A．keep ourselves busy B．get absentminded C．grow anxious D．stay focused ‎[分析]　该段以灌满洗碗池为例，说明在“看着水壶式的等待”中，我们的大脑常会离开我们，到处飘移，这与B项陈述吻合。‎ ‎[高考典例3]　2012·北京卷·C篇 ‎“Stress affects how people learn, ” says Professor Mara Mather.“People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”‎ For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images (影像) with either rewards or punishments.In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water.In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn't gone through the stress.‎ Q：We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to ________.‎ A．keep rewards better in their memory B．recall consequences more effortlessly C．make risky decisions more frequently D．learn a subject more effectively ‎[分析]　文章引用了一个观点“People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress”，接着用“For example”举例说明，引出两项研究，即能够承受压力的被施压的参与者更加精确地记住奖励而非惩罚。故选A。‎