2020届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit2Englisharoundtheworld单元学案（25页word版）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit2Englisharoundtheworld单元学案（25页word版）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit 2English around the world单元学案 Period 1　新知预习课 识记词汇 ‎1.Match the words and phrases.‎ A. words (词汇连线)‎ ‎1)identity ‎2)usage ‎3)lightning ‎4)fluent ‎5)command ‎6)apartment ‎7)cab ‎8)base ‎9)native ‎10)accent ‎1)本国的,本族的 ‎2)公寓住宅,单元房 ‎3)口音 ‎4)出租车 ‎5)身份,本身 ‎6)闪电 ‎7)使用,用法 ‎8)基地,基础 ‎9)流利的 ‎10)命令 B. phrases(短语连线)‎ ‎1)比如说 ‎2)扮演一个角色 ‎3)目前,现在 ‎4)因为,由于 ‎5)走近,上来 ‎1)come up ‎2)because of ‎3)such as ‎ ‎4)at present ‎5)play a part in ‎2.根据释义写出单词 ‎1)　　　 very often or many times ‎ ‎2)　　　 slowly,step by step ‎ ‎3)　　　 someone who lives in a place all the time or has lived there for a long time ‎ ‎4)　　　 a machine carrying people up and down to different floors of a building ‎ ‎5)　　　 a long journey in a ship ‎ ‎6)　　　 a word or phrase with a particular meaning ‎ ‎7)　　　 the distance along a city street from where one street crosses it to the next ‎ ‎8)　　　 in fact ‎ ‎9)　　　 able to speak a language well ‎ ‎10)　　　 all the words that someone knows,learns,or uses ‎ 精讲词汇 ‎1.voyage,journey,trip,tour,travel ‎【完成句子】‎ ‎1)He went on a 　　　 around the world.他去做环游世界的旅行。 ‎ ‎2)He makes a 　　　 to the post office every day.他每天去邮局走一趟。 ‎ ‎3)She has just completed a six-week 　　　 of Europe.她刚完成为期六周的欧洲之旅。 ‎ ‎4)Drinking water was running short before the 　　　 was over.饮用水在航海完成之前就用完了。 ‎ ‎5)Autumn is the best season for 　　　.秋天是旅行的最好季节。 ‎ ‎6)Have a nice 　　　! 祝你旅途愉快! ‎ journey 陆地上的长途旅行 voyage 去国外或较远地方的海上旅行 trip (短途)旅行 tour 为了公务、娱乐或者教育参观多处名胜的旅行 travel 旅游,游历,尤指旅行的概念 ‎2.because/ because of 因为 ‎【完成句子】‎ ‎1)We were late 　　　 it rained.因为下雨,我们迟到了。 ‎ ‎2)They were here 　　　us.他们是为了我们而来到这里的。 ‎ ‎3)Tens of thousands of people died or were injured 　　　 the terrible earthquake in China on May 12,2008.由于2008年5月12日发生在中国的地震,成千上万的人死亡或者受伤。 ‎ ‎4)He retired 　　　 he was ill. ‎ ‎5)He retired 　　　 illness.他因病退休了。 ‎ because for the reason that 因为,用于从句的开头 because of by reason of/ on account of 因为(某人或某事),加名词、代词或者动名词 ‎3.come up/ come across/ come out/ come out with ‎【完成句子】‎ ‎1)Your problem 　　　 at the meeting.你的问题在会议上提出来了。 ‎ ‎2)The sun 　　　.太阳升起了。 ‎ ‎3)A little girl 　　　to me and asked for money.一个小女孩走向我要钱。 ‎ ‎4)I 　　　 my college classmate in town.今天在镇上我偶然遇到了我的大学同学。 ‎ ‎5)The author’s new book just 　　　.作家的新书刚出版。 ‎ ‎6)The doctor 　　　 a cure for the disease.那个医生发现了疾病的治疗方法。 ‎ come about 出现,发生 come across 偶然遇到或发现 come along 进展,跟随 come on 催促,快速行动,常使用祈使语气 come out 开会,出版,结果 come up 出现,上升,靠近 come up with 发现,想出 ‎4.such as/ for example ‎【完成句子】‎ ‎1)My doctor told me not to eat fatty foods 　　　 bacon or hamburgers.我的医生叫我不要吃油腻的事物,如咸肉或汉堡包。 ‎ ‎2)She visited several cities in Japan,　　　,Tokyo and Kobe.她访问了日本的几个城市,例如东京和神户。 ‎ ‎3)Animals 　　　 cats and dogs needn’t hibernate in winter.比如猫和狗这样的动物冬天不需要冬眠。 ‎ ‎4)I know many students of your school,Wang Ping,　　　.我认识你们学校很多学生,比如王萍。 ‎ 运用词汇 Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1.The film is b　　　 on a famous novel. ‎ ‎2.Of the two,the former is more expensive than the l.‎ ‎3.He has changed so much that I can hardly r　　　 him. ‎ ‎4.You are kindly r　　　 to fasten your seatbelt. ‎ ‎5.He read the poem aloud with e　　　. ‎ ‎6.The captain 　　　(命令) his men to attack at once. ‎ ‎7.I told her 　　　(直接地,直率地) that I didn’t like her. ‎ ‎8.The tape recorder was damaged by rough 　　　(使用). ‎ ‎9.They speak English with a foreign 　　　(口音). ‎ ‎10.You have to get an 　　　(官方的) permission to set up a new clinic in this community. ‎ Ⅱ.单项填空 ‎1.The rock 　　　 wears away due to the action of the water. ‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ A.gradually　 B.exactly　 C.loosely　 D.fluently ‎2.He is a 　　　 visitor to that country.I mean,he often goes there. ‎ A.grateful　 B.loose　‎ C.frequent　 D.native ‎3.So fluently does he speak English that he is often considered as a(n) 　　　. ‎ A.official　 B.teenager　‎ C.native　 D.accent ‎4.Go down this street,and you’ll find the police station three 　　　 away. ‎ A.curtains　 B.blocks　‎ C.voyages　 D.lorries ‎5.He may look young but he’s 　　　 45. ‎ A.actually　 B.gradually　‎ C.frequently　 D.entirely ‎6.As far as I’m concerned,you should read more literature to enrich your 　　　. ‎ A.identity　 B.power　‎ C.vocabulary　 D.accent ‎7.Mr.Smith’s office is on the 18th floor.You’d better take the 　　　. ‎ A.voyage　 B.elevator　‎ C.highway　 D.identity ‎8.I suggest you take Jack to Italy with you,for he speaks 　　　 Italian. ‎ A.official　 B.fluent　‎ C.frequent　 D.entire ‎9.The 　　　 from England to India used to take six months,which would tire out the sailors. ‎ A.request　 B.apartment　‎ C.block　 D.voyage ‎10.The 　　　 in her eyes told me something was wrong. ‎ A.block　 B.base　‎ C.item　 D.expression 参考答案 识记词汇 ‎2.1)frequently　2)gradualy　3)native　4)elevator　5)voyage　6)expression　7)block　8)actually　9)fluent　10)vocabulary 精讲词汇 ‎1.1)journey/trip　2)trip　3)tour　4)voyage　5)travel　6)journey/trip ‎2.1)because　2)because of　3)because of　4)because　5)because of ‎3.1)came up　2)comes up/ came up　3)came up　4)came across　5)came out　6)came up with ‎4.1)such as　2)for example　3)such as　4)for example 运用词汇 Ⅰ.1.based　2.latter　3.recognize　4.requested　5.expression　6.commanded　7.straight　8.usage　9.accent　10.official Ⅱ.1~5.ACCBA　6~10.CBBDD Period 2　文本研读课 ‎ ‎ 自主预习 Step 1‎ Read the short dialogue in Warming Up and find out the differences between British English and American English.‎ 思考导引 Step 1:Try to finish the following form with paired words.‎ Words British English American English 电　梯 lift ‎ 汽　油 gas 公　寓 flat ‎ 秋　天 ‎ 地　铁 underground ‎ 大　学 ‎ 垃　圾 rubbish ‎ 垃圾箱 dustbin ‎ 假　期 ‎ 两星期 two weeks Step 2‎ ‎1.Mark the countries that use English as the first or joint first language in this map.‎ ‎ ‎ 世界地图 ‎2.Which country has the largest number of population speaking English as the first foreign language?‎ ‎ ‎ 课堂探究 ‎1.‎ THE ROAD TO MODERN ENGLISH The passage is mainly about the 　　　 and 　　　 of the English language. ‎ ‎2.‎ Topic Sentences Para.1:‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Para.2:‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Para.3:‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Para.4:‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Para.5:‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3.Read Para.1 carefully and answer the following question.‎ How did English become worldwide?‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Translation ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4.Focus on Para graphs.3~5 and complete the table with correct historical events.‎ Time Events AD 450~1150 English was based more on German.‎ Between about ‎ AD800 and 1150 ‎ By the 1600’s ‎ In 1620 ‎ Later in the 18th century ‎ ‎1765~1947 ‎ By the 19th century ‎ Now ‎ ‎5.Read and discuss Q1:Why did the writer decide to end the passage with a question?‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Q2:Why should we learn English?‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 课后提升 ‎1.It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.‎ be based on sth.以……为基础 ‎1)Translation: ‎ ‎2)His new story 　　　 what happened in the coal mine many years ago is the best seller this year. ‎ A.based on　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　B.basing on C.was based on　 D.was basing on ‎3)这部电影是根据真实故事改编的。(Translation)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2.more than 多于 more than+数词+名词= over+数词+名词,其意思是　　　, 反义词是　　　。 ‎ more than one +单数名词,其意思是　　　,在意义上表示复数,但作主语时,谓语动词要用　　　。 ‎ Eg.① That mountain is more than 1,500 meters high.‎ ‎② More than one student has read the book.‎ more than + n./v. (=not only)‎ more than + adj./adv./分词(=very,extremely)‎ more A than B 与其说B,不如说A。‎ ‎【链接训练】‎ ‎1)We advertised for pupils last autumn,and got 　　　　 60. ‎ A.more than B.more of C.as much as　 D.so many as ‎2)Harry is 　　　　 my neighbor.He is a good friend of mine as well. ‎ A.less than　 B.at least C.at most　 D.more than ‎3)She was more than kind to us.(Paraphrase)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4)与其说他聪明,不如说他幸运。(Translation)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3.Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following?‎ ‎1)American English spelling came from The American Dictionary of the English Language.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2)More and more people begin to learn English in China at present.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 参考答案 ‎ 思考导引 Step 1:elevator　petrol　apartment　autumn/fall　subway　university/college　garbage　trash can　holiday/vacation　fortnight Step 2:1.the United Kingdom,the USA,Canada,Australia,New Zealand,South Africa ‎2.China.‎ 课堂探究 ‎1.history;development ‎2.Para.1:‎ Many people all over the world speak English.‎ Para.2:‎ Native speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.‎ Para.3:‎ Why has English changed over time?‎ Para.4:‎ Finally by the 19th century the language was settled.‎ Para.5:‎ English is now also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia.‎ ‎3.In 17th century,people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and then English began to be spoken in many other countries.‎ 在17世纪英国人开始航海征服了世界其他地区。于是,许多别的国家开始说英语了。‎ ‎4.‎ Time Events AD 450~1150 English was based more on German.‎ Between about ‎ AD 800 and 1150 It was less like German more French:Vocabulary enriched.‎ By the 1600’s A wider vocabulary was used.‎ In 1620 Settlers moved to America.English was spoken there.‎ Later in the 18th century British people were taken to Australia.‎ English began to be spoken there.‎ ‎1765~1947 Britain ruled India.‎ By the 19th century English was settled;two big changes in English spelling happened. ‎ Now English is also spoken as a foreign or secondlanguage in South Asia.‎ 课后提升 ‎1.1)当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础的, 而现代英语不是。‎ ‎2)A ‎3)The film is based on a true story.‎ ‎2.多于;less than;不止一个……;单数 ‎【链接训练】‎ ‎1)A ‎2)D ‎3)哈里不仅是我的邻居,也是我的知心朋友。‎ ‎4)She was very/extremely kind to us.‎ ‎5)He is more lucky than clever.‎ ‎3.1)The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.‎ ‎2)Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.‎ Period 3　知识讲练课 ‎ ‎ Step 1　Oral check:Filling in the blanks according to what you have learned.‎ All languages change when cultures communicate with one another.The English spoken between AD 450 and 1150 was quite 1)　　　 from that spoken today.2)　　　,it was based more on German than the English we speak at present.Later,it became more like French.One big change in English 3)　　　 happened when The American Dictionary of the English Language,which gave American English its own 4)　　　,came 5)　　　.Now India has a very large number of English speakers.This is because English became the language for 6)　　　 and education during 1765 to 1947,when Britain ruled India.English is also spoken in many other countries in Africa and Asia,such 7)　　　 South Africa,Singapore and Malaysia.The number of people learning English in China is also 8)　　　 rapidly. ‎ Today we hear people speak English on TV and the radio.There is no such a thing as 9)　　　 English.When people from all over the world use words and expressions different from “standard English”,it is called a 10)　　　.Geography also plays an important part in creating dialects.Although there are many differences,people have little difficulty in understanding each other. ‎ Step 2　Words and expressions ‎1.Do you know that there is more than one kind of English? 你知道有不止一种英语吗?‎ ‎【观察思考】‎ ‎1)She stayed in Paris for more than a year.她在巴黎待了一年多。‎ ‎2)More than one student has said so.不止一个学生这么说。‎ ‎3)Both of us are much more than workmates.We are close friends.我们俩不止是同事,我们还是知心朋友。‎ ‎4)He is more than glad to see me.他非常高兴见到我。 ‎ ‎5)The beauty of nature is more than I can describe.大自然之美是我难以描绘出来的。‎ ‎ more than+数词,表示“多于,超过”,相当于 over。‎ more than one+ 可数名词单数,表示“不止一个”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。‎ more than +名词,意为“不只是,不仅仅”。‎ more than + 形容词/副词/分词/动词,意思是“很,非常”。 ‎ more than + 句子(句子常含can/could),意为“非……所能的,难以……的”。‎ ‎【尝试运用】‎ 填入适当的词,使下面的句子完整。‎ ‎1)More than one girl 　　　(hold)such a view in the school. ‎ ‎2)It is hard to concentrate like that for 　　　(半个多小时). ‎ ‎3)Her speech was 　　　(非常)good.It was perfect. ‎ ‎4)—Do you need any help,Lucy?‎ ‎—Yes.The job is 　　　(超过)I could do myself. ‎ ‎【词组串记】‎ no more than 仅仅 not more than 不超过,至多 not more ... than 没有……那样 more... than 与其,不如……‎ less than 少于 no less than 不少于,多达 better than 好于,胜过 rather than 而不是 ‎ other than 除了 ‎【高考链接】‎ ‎(2009•浙江高考)It took 　　　　 building supplies to construct these energy-saving houses.It took brains,too. ‎ A.other than　　　　　　　　　　　　　　B.more than C.rather than D.less than ‎ ‎2. Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other.事实上,当不同的文化相互交流渗透时,所有的语言都会有所变化、有所发展的。 ‎ ‎【观察思考】‎ ‎1)I don’t actually remember it.其实我不记得那件事了。‎ ‎2)They are not married,actually.他们实际上没有结婚。‎ ‎3)He is actually fifty years old.他竟然五十岁了。‎ ‎3)Actually,I’m busy at the moment—can I call you back later?‎ 说实在的,我这会儿正忙——可以过一会给你回电话吗?‎ ‎ actually 副词,表示“实际上;(礼貌地纠正他人)事实上;居然,竟然;说实在地”等意义。‎ actual 形容词,真实的,实际的 actuality 名词,真实,实际 ‎【尝试运用】‎ 用actually 的适当形式完成下面的句子。‎ ‎1)　　　,China may have the largest number of English learners. ‎ ‎2)Can you give me an 　　　 example? ‎ ‎3)She looks younger than me,but in 　　　 fact,she is much older. ‎ ‎4)The food was not 　　　 all that expensive. ‎ ‎【词组串记】‎ in actual fact as a matter of fact in reality/ fact/ truth 以上词组都意为“事实上,实际上”,与actually 同义。‎ ‎3.It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础,而我们今天所说的英语不是。‎ ‎【观察思考】‎ ‎1)At present,he is on holiday.目前, 他正在度假。‎ ‎2)I can’t remember her name for the present.我一时想不起她的名字来了。‎ ‎3)What can we get him as a birthday present? 我送他什么生日礼物好呢?‎ ‎4)Three hundred guests were present at the ceremony.300位客人出席了典礼。‎ ‎5)The headmaster presented a medal to each winner.校长向每位获胜者颁发了奖牌。‎ ‎ at present=at the present time 意为“目前,现在”。‎ for the present 意为“暂时,一时”。‎ present 用作名词,意为“礼物”,与gift 同义。‎ present 用作形容词,表示“到场的,出席的”,与absent 反义。‎ present 用作动词,表示“把……交给;颁发”。‎ ‎【尝试运用】‎ ‎1)In preparing scientific reports of laboratory experiment,a student should 　　　 his findings in logical order and clear language. ‎ A.furnish　　　　　　　B.propose　　　　　　 C.raise　　　　　　　　D.present ‎2)The major will personally 　　　　 the gold medals 　　　 the winning athletes at the sports meeting. ‎ A.present;by B.present;with C.present;to D.present;for ‎3)　　　 today 　　　 sure to be praised. ‎ A.The present people;are B.Those present;is C.Those present;are D.Present those;is ‎【巧记词义】‎ The boy present at the meeting was considering asking his father for a book on the present tense as a birthday present.出席会议的那个男孩正考虑向他的爸爸要一本关于现在时态的书作为生日礼物。 ‎ ‎4.So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.所以到17世纪,莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时期都大。 ‎ ‎【观察思考】 ‎ ‎1)We must make use of every minute to study.我们必须利用每一分钟去学习。‎ ‎2)You should make good use of the chance.你应该好好利用这次机会。‎ ‎3)You can make any use of it if you like.这个你可以任意使用。‎ ‎ make use of 利用,使用 make the best of (指对不利的条件等)充分利用 make the most of 充分利用(有用的条件)‎ make good use of 充分利用 ‎【词组串记】‎ take advantage of 利用……的机会;钻……的空子;占便宜 seize on 抓住;利用 ‎“动词+名词+介词”短语 catch sigh of 看见　take pride in 以……而自豪　make way for 让路给　make sense of 理解,弄懂　take care of 找过,照料 ‎【尝试运用】‎ ‎1)She wondered uneasily what use she would 　　　 this opportunity. ‎ A.made B.make about C.make for D.make of ‎2)The manager of the company told us that very little 　　　 was made of the waste materials in the past. ‎ A.cost　　　　　B.value C.use　　　　　D.matter ‎3)The patient should be outside 　　　(make)the most of the sunshine. ‎ ‎4)The money collected should be made good use 　　　 　　　(help)the people who suffered a lot in this terrible earthquake. ‎ ‎5.Can you find the following command and request from Reading? 你能从“阅读”部分找出下列“命令”和“请求”吗?‎ ‎【观察思考】 ‎ ‎1)The officer is fond of giving commands.这位长官喜欢发号司令。‎ ‎2)Who will take the command of the army? 谁来统率这支军队?‎ ‎3)My father has a good command of computer.我爸爸精通电脑。‎ ‎4)He commanded his men to retreat.=He commanded that his men (should)retreat.他命令手下撤退。‎ ‎5)The troops were commanded by General Haig.这些部队由黑格将军统率。‎ ‎ command 用作动词,表示“命令,指挥”,用作名词,意为“命令;控制;掌握,运用能力”。‎ 作“命令”讲且后接宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、主语从句时,从句要用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用“should + do”,should 可以省略。‎ ‎【词组串记】‎ at sb.’s command 听从某人吩咐;运用自如 be in command of sb.在某人控制下 give a command 发布命令 have a good command of 精通 take the command of 统率,指挥 under sb.’s command 在某人指挥之下 ‎【尝试运用】‎ ‎1)Applicants will be expected to have 　　　 of 　　　 English. ‎ A.a good command;speak B.a good command;spoken ‎ C.good commands;speaking D.good commands;spoken ‎2)He commanded that all the gates 　　　. ‎ A.should shut B.would be shut C.shut D.be shut ‎【观察思考】‎ ‎1)Li Ming made a request for a computer from his parents.李明向他父母要了一台电脑。‎ ‎2)My request is that we (should)help each other.我的请求是我们应该互相帮助。‎ ‎3)The workers who are on strike request a rise in the salary.正在罢工的工人们要求涨工资。‎ ‎4)Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.参观者请勿触摸展品。‎ ‎5)She requested a cell phone from her boyfriend.她向男友要了一部手机。‎ ‎6)The teacher requested that we (should) come an hour earlier.老师要求我们早来一小时。‎ ‎ request 用作名词时,表示“要求;请求;请求的事物”,用作动词时,表示“要求,请求”,或“向某人要某物”,其后从句用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用”should+ do”,should 可以省略。‎ ‎【尝试运用】‎ ‎1)I requested him 　　　(help)me. ‎ ‎2)Don’t respond to any e-mails 　　　(request)personal information,no matter how official they look. ‎ ‎3)It is required that he 　　　(hand)in homework tomorrow morning. ‎ ‎4)He requested that they 　　　(sleep)at night. ‎ ‎5)She requested that no one 　　　(tell)of her decision. ‎ ‎【链接】‎ 后接名词性从句,从句须用虚拟语气的动词归纳:‎ 一个“坚持”(insist)‎ 两道“命令”(order,command)‎ 三条“建议”(suggest,propose,advise)‎ 四点“要求”(demand,desire,request,require)‎ Step 3　Sentences we are going to learn:‎ ‎1.Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English. 以英语作为母语的人,即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同,也可以互相交流。‎ ‎【观察思考】‎ ‎1)Even if we have learned “even though”,we still find it difficult to use.尽管我们学过“even though”,但我们发现运用它很难。‎ ‎2)He likes to help us even though he is very busy.尽管他很忙,他还是愿意帮我们。‎ ‎ even if=even though:in spite of the fact;no matter whether, 意为“即使,尽管”。引导让步状语从句。‎ ‎【尝试运用】‎ ‎1)　　　(即使)you don’t like wine,try a glass of this. ‎ ‎2)—Look at the clouds!‎ ‎—Don’t worry.　　　 it rains,we’ll still have a great time. ‎ A.Even if　　　　B.As though C.In case　　　　D.If only ‎3)Tim is in good shape physically 　　　 he doesn’t get much exercise. ‎ A.if B.even though C.unless D.as long as ‎ ‎2.Believe it or not,there is no such thing as standard English.信不信由你,(世界上)没有什么标准英语。‎ ‎【观察思考】‎ ‎1)There is no such thing as a free lunch.世上没有免费午餐这样的好事。‎ ‎2)He said he didn’t have time or made some such excuse.他说他没时间和别的诸如此类的借口。‎ ‎3)She did no such thing! 她没做那种事!‎ ‎4)You can’t finish the work in such a short time.你无法在这么短的时间内完成那份工作。‎ ‎5)I am not such a fool as to believe that.我不会傻到去相信那件事。‎ ‎ such 用作形容词,表示“这样的,这种的,如此的”,修饰名词时,常放在no,all,another,many,much,a few,one,several 的后面;当表示“如此……以至于”时,排列顺序为:‎ such + 形容词+ a/ an + 可数名词 + that...‎ such + 形容词+不可数名词+ that...‎ such + 形容词+ 复数名词+ that...‎ such is/ was ...that such (+ 名词)as to do ‎ ‎【尝试运用】‎ ‎1)There are 　　　(很多这样的人)in the world. ‎ ‎2)Tom showed 　　　(不太大的兴趣)in his lessons that he almost failed. ‎ ‎3)The crowd made 　　　(吵闹)that I could hardly make myself heard. ‎ ‎4)It’s 　　　(多么好的天啊)! ‎ ‎5)My English teacher’s humor was 　　　 make every student burst into laughter. ‎ A.so as to B.such as to C.such that D.so that ‎3.Although many Americans move a lot,they still recognize and understand each other’s dialects.虽然许多美国人经常迁徙,但是他们仍然能够辨别、理解彼此的方言。‎ ‎【观察思考】‎ ‎1)Although/Though he is poor,he is well contented.虽然他很穷,但他很满足。‎ ‎2)Although he hadn’t stopped working all day,yet he wasn’t tired.虽然他整体不停地工作,可是他并不疲倦。‎ ‎3)Although old,he still jogs every day.尽管年老,但他每天仍慢跑。‎ ‎ although/ though表示“虽然,尽管”,引导状语从句,不和but连用,但可以和副词still,yet 连用。although 可用于句首或句中,但不能单独使用;although不可以当副词单独用于词尾,但though可以,尤用于句末补充说明,表示“不过,可是,然而”;though 引导的让步状语从句可以倒装(将表语、状语、情态动词、助动词后的动词原形移至句首,此用法同as),也可以不倒装。‎ 如:‎ ‎1)Our team lost.It was a good game though.我们队输了,‎ 可是这也不失为一场好比赛。‎ ‎2)—Have you ever been to Australia?—No.I’d like to,though.——你去过澳大利亚吗?——没有,但是我很想去。‎ ‎3)Young though/ as he was,he knew a lot.虽然他还年轻,但他懂得很多。‎ ‎【高考链接】‎ ‎1)(2012•全国Ⅰ)I don’t believe we’ve met before,　　　 I must say you do look familiar. ‎ A.therefore B.although C.since D.unless ‎2)(2011•四川高考)Frank insisted that he was not asleep 　　　 I had great difficulty in waking him up. ‎ A.whether B.although C.for D.so ‎3)(2009•重庆高考)Unsatisfied 　　　 with the payment,he took the job just to get some work experience. ‎ A.though was he B.though he was C.he was though D.was he though Step 4 Homework ‎1.Go over the words and expressions as well as sentence structures we have learned today.‎ ‎2.Translate the sentences into English,paying attention to the usages of the words and phrases.‎ ‎1)他要求将一切告诉他。(demand)‎ ‎2)简苍白的脸色表明她生病了,她父母建议她做体检。(suggest)‎ ‎3)即使你没有成功,他们也将帮助你。(even if)‎ ‎4)虽然雨下得很大,他们继续踢足球。 (although/ though)‎ ‎5)他送了一块金表给我。(present)‎ ‎3.Preview the Grammar—direct speech & indirect speech 参考答案 ‎ Step 1‎ ‎1)different　2)Actually　3)usage　4)identity　5)out　6)government　7)as　8)increasing　9)standard　10)dialect Step 2‎ ‎1.【尝试运用】1)holds　2)more than half an hour　3)more than　4)more than ‎【高考链接】B　本题考查短语辨析。more than 不仅仅,符合题意。‎ ‎2.【尝试运用】1)Actually　2)actual　3)actual　4)actually ‎3.【尝试运用】1)D　2)C　3)C ‎4.【尝试运用】1)D　2)C　3)to make　4)of to help ‎5.【尝试运用】1)B　2)D ‎【尝试运用】1)to help　2)requesting　3)(should)hand　4)(should) sleep　5)(should)be told Step 3‎ ‎1.【尝试运用】1)Even if/ though　2)A　3)B ‎2.【尝试运用】‎ ‎1)many such persons　2)such little interest　3)such a noise　4)such a fine/ beautiful ‎ day　5)B ‎3.【高考链接】1)B　2)B　3)B Step 4‎ ‎2.1)He demanded that everything should be told to him.‎ ‎2)Jane’s pale face suggested that she was ill and her parents suggested that she should take a medical examination.‎ ‎3)They will stand by you even if you don’t succeed.‎ ‎4)Although it was raining hard,yet they went on playing football.‎ ‎5)He presented a gold watch to me.‎ Period 4　语法专题课 Direct Speech and Indirect Speech (Ⅱ)‎ ‎ ‎ 复习 Ⅰ.Change the sentences from direct speech into indirect speech.‎ ‎1.She said,“I want to go swimming now.”‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2.She said,“John,when did you set off for the swimming pool?”‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3.She said to John,“Do you come here by bike or by bus?”‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4.She said,“Practice makes perfect.”‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅱ.Fill in the blanks.‎ ‎1. A. She said, “My brother left home three years ago.”‎ B. She said 　　　 brother 　　　 　　　 home three years 　　　. ‎ ‎2.A:He asked me, “Will you go to the park this evening.”‎ B:He asked me 　　　 I 　　　 to the park 　　　 evening. ‎ ‎3.A:She said, “What are you doing?”‎ B:She asked me 　　　 　　　 　　　 doing. ‎ ‎4.A:He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.”‎ B:He said that light 　　　much faster than sound. ‎ Ⅲ.Multiple choice.‎ ‎1.I asked them 　　　 they got married. ‎ A. who　　　　　　　B. that　　　　　　　C. which　　　　　　　D. when ‎2.She asked me 　　　 I would like to go to see a film with her. ‎ A. that B. if C. what D. which ‎3.—What did she think of the film?‎ ‎—She said she 　　　. ‎ A. had never seen a better one B. had never seen so better one C. has never seen a so good one D. has never seen such a good one ‎ ‎4.Tina told me that she had visited the park　　　,so she didn’t want to go with us. ‎ A. last week B. a week ago C. two weeks before D. before two weeks ‎5.Would you like to tell me 　　　　 the key to her bicycle? ‎ A. where Salina had put B. where had Salina put C. where has Salina put D. where Salina has put ‎6.The teacher said that 　　　. ‎ A. practice made perfect B. practice would made perfect ‎ C. practice makes perfect D. practice will make perfect 感受新知 The teacher told us to open our books.‎ asked me to help my deskmate.‎ requested my deskmate to repeat the sentence.‎ advised my deskmate to read the text carefully after class.‎ ‎(suggested that my deskmate should read the text carefully after class.)‎ commanded us not to make any noise.‎ ordered Jack to come up to her office.‎ told us to hand in our homework the next day.‎ Conclusion of the rules:‎ ‎1.General rules: v. sb.(not)to do ‎ ‎2.Which verb to choose?‎ ‎(1)a command:　　　,　　　,command. ‎ ‎(2)a request:　　　,　　　. ‎ ‎(3)a suggestion:　　　,suggest that...(should)do或者suggest doing... ‎ ‎3.Don’t forget the change of persons, tenses, pronouns and adverbials.‎ 巩固运用 Ⅰ.Brainstorming Brainstorm about what the mother said when you reached home after school yesterday.‎ The mother said, “Take off your overcoat.”‎ ‎“Turn off the TV.”‎ ‎“You’d better do your homework now.”‎ ‎“Look after your little sister.”‎ ‎“Please pass the salt to me.”‎ ‎...‎ The mother 　. ‎ ‎　. ‎ ‎　. ‎ ‎　, ‎ ‎　. ‎ Ⅱ.Correct the mistakes in the sentences.‎ ‎1. She asked John to help him carry this box. ‎ ‎2. The teacher asked him to turn off the light when he leaves the classroom. ‎ ‎3. The teacher ordered us not make any noise. ‎ ‎4. Jack suggested to sell the old car and buy a new one. ‎ Ⅲ.Multiple choice.‎ ‎1.—What did the teacher say? ‎ ‎—He told me 　　　 again. ‎ A. not to careless B. not to be careless C.to be not careless D. not being careless ‎2.Young students are　　　 not to smoke both in and out of school. ‎ A. suggested B. requested C. hoped D. invited ‎ 3.The teacher asked us　　　 in deep water. ‎ A. not swim B. not swimming C. not to swim D.to not swim ‎4.Tom suggested that they 　　　 to the cinema that afternoon. ‎ A. went B.to go C. should go D. going ‎5. My teacher asked me to show my homework to her.‎ ‎→My teacher said to me, “Show 　　　 homework.” ‎ A. her my B.me her C.me your D. her your 参考答案 ‎ 复习 Ⅰ.1.She said that she wanted to go swimming then.‎ ‎2.She asked John when he had set off for the swimming pool.‎ ‎3.She asked John if he went there by bike or by bus.‎ ‎4.She said that practice makes perfect.‎ Ⅱ.1.her;had left; before　2.if;went;that　3.what I was　4.travels Ⅲ.1~5.DBACA　6.C 感受新知 ‎2.(1)tell; order　(2)ask; request　(3)advise 巩固运用 Ⅰ.told me to take off my overcoat ordered me to turn off the TV advised me to do my homework then told me to look after my little sister asked me to pass the salt to her Ⅱ.1.her;that　2.left　3.not to　4.selling;buying Ⅲ.1~5.BBCCC 高考试题链接 Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎(2018•河南中原名校高三预测)‎ From the loss of wildlife to rising sea levels，we’re all well aware of the problems that climate change could cause.‎ But while it may seem like such issues won’t affect most of us directly，it looks like future generations could grow up without something that many of us now take for granted：chocolate.‎ According to an essay published by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration，changes to the climate in the regions that produce cacao—the plant from which chocolate is produced—may mean that it will soon become extinct.‎ Most of the world’s cacao grows in countries close to the equator，with over half of it growing in the African nations of Ghana and Ivory Coast.‎ It’s predicted that by 2050，climate change will have accelerated the rate at which temperatures in these countries rise，making it extremely difficult for cacao to grow there.‎ The problem doesn’t lie in increased heat，however，but in lower humidity(湿度)，as it’s believed that rainfall will stay at the same level if the temperature rises.‎ ‎“In other words，as higher temperatures squeeze more water out of soil and plants，it’s unlikely that rainfall will increase enough to offset the moisture(含水量) loss，” Michon Scott，the essay’s author，wrote.‎ To help fight this problem，researchers from Berkeley University in the US are working on changing the DNA of cacao plants to allow them to survive in dryer conditions by using gene editing technology，according to US News.‎ In the meantime，US company Mars，one of the world’s biggest manufacturers of chocolate products，announced in January that it would spend 1 billion to help reduce the effects of climate change.‎ ‎“This is a world issue，and it requires everyone to work together，” Mars spokesperson Barry Parkin told Business Insider.‎ The message here is that if we all do our part，we may be able to prevent some of the worst impacts of climate change.Or if we’re unlucky，chocolate will become a thing of the past.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了未来由于气候的变化，为制造巧克力提供原料的可可树可能会灭绝，所以巧克力有可能会成为历史。‎ ‎1．What could make it hard for cacao to survive around the equator in the future?‎ A．The increased heat there.‎ B．The higher humidity there.‎ C．The decrease in rainfall there.‎ D．The moisture loss in the soil there.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。由第七段可知，未来赤道附近的可可树很难存活，是因为那里土壤中水分的流失，故选D。‎ ‎2．What does the underlined word “offset” in the seventh paragraph mean?‎ A．Hold back. B．Make up for.‎ C．Protect. D．Accept.‎ 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。由第七段可知，高温带走了土壤和植物中更多的水分，降雨量不可能增长到足以抵消水分流失的水平，所以“offset”的意思是“弥补，抵消”，故选B。‎ ‎3．What will US company Mars do to help cacao survive?‎ A．It will work hard to plant cacao in greenhouses.‎ B．It will apply gene editing technology in planting cacao.‎ C．It will give financial support to help fight climate change.‎ D．It will develop cacao that can survive in dryer conditions.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。由倒数第三段可知，美国的火星巧克力公司将为对抗气候变化提供资金援助，故选C。‎ ‎4．What may be the best title for this text?‎ A．Chocolate Could Become History B．Work Together to Fight Climate Change C．How Do We Grow Cacao in the Future?‎ D．How Do Cacao Plants Affect Climate Change?‎ 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。本文主要讲了未来由于气候的变化，为制造巧克力提供原料的可可树可能会灭绝，所以巧克力有可能会成为历史，故选A。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎(2018•江西新余高三模拟)‎ Many people think of guys as being carefree when it comes to their appearance.But in fact，a lot of guys spend plenty of time in front of the mirror.They care just as much as girls do about their body image.‎ Body image is a person’s opinions and feelings about his or her own body and physical appearance. 5 You appreciate your body for its capabilities and accept its imperfections. 6 Here are some ideas.‎ Recognize your strengths.‎ Different body types are good for different things.What does your body do well? Maybe your speed，strength，or coordination makes you better than others at a certain sport.That may be basketball，table tennis，mountain biking，dancing，or even running.Or perhaps you have nonsports skills，like drawing，painting，singing，playing a musical instrument，writing，or acting. ‎ ‎7 ‎ Exercise regularly.‎ Exercise can help you look well and feel good about yourself.Good physiques(体形) don’t just happen. 8 A healthy habit can be as simple as exercising 20 minutes to 1 hour three days a week.Working out can also lift your spirits.‎ Respect your body.‎ Practicing good habits—regular showering；taking care of your teeth，hair and skin；wearing clean clothes，and so on—can help you build a positive body image.‎ ‎ 9 ‎ Your body is just one part of who you are.Your talent for comedy，a quick wit(智慧)，and all the other things make you unique.So try not to let small imperfections take ‎ over.‎ A．Be yourself.‎ B．Just explore talents that you feel good about.‎ C．So，what can you do to develop a positive body image?‎ D．Use this as an opportunity to discover what you’re good at.‎ E．The good news is that selfimage and body image can be changed.‎ F．They take hard work，regular workouts，and a healthy diet.‎ G．Having a positive body image means feeling satisfied with the way you look.‎ 语篇解读　男孩其实和女孩一样很在意自己的形象，本文就如何才能有好的形象提出了几点建议。‎ ‎5．答案　G 解析　空前的意思是：身体形象是一个人对自己的身体和面貌特征的看法和想法。空后的意思是：你欣赏你身体的能力并接受它的不足。所以这里选G(有积极的形象意味着我们对于自己的长相是满意的。)与上下文一致。‎ ‎6．答案　C 解析　空后的意思是：这里有一些建议。所以这里选C(所以为了发展一个健康的形象你可以做什么？)与上下文一致。‎ ‎7．答案　B 解析　空前的意思是：或许你有非运动技巧，像画画、唱歌、玩乐器、写作或者表演。所以这里选B(只需探索你感觉好的天赋。)与上下文一致。‎ ‎8．答案　F 解析　空前的意思是：好的身材不会凭空就会有。空后的意思是：健康的习惯是像一周三天二十分钟到一个小时的锻炼时间这样简单。所以这里选F(好的身体需要努力、有规律的锻炼和健康的饮食。)与上下文一致。‎ ‎9．答案　A 解析　该空为段落小标题。下文的意思是：你的身体只是你自己的一部分。不要被一些小缺点所掌控。所以这里选A(做你自己。)与上下文一致。‎ ‎ 过高考 ‎ Ⅲ.完形填空 ‎(2016•浙江)‎ During the war，my husband was stationed at an army camp in a desert in California.I went to live there in order to be 10 him.I hated the place.I had never 11 been so unhappy.My husband was ordered out on a longterm duty，and I was left in a tiny shack(棚屋) alone.The heat was 12 —almost 125°F even in the shade of a cactus(仙人掌)． 13 a soul to talk to.The wind blew nonstop，and all the food I ate，and the very air I breathed，were 14 with sand，sand，sand!‎ I was so sorry for myself that I wrote to my parents.I told them I was 15 and coming back home.I said I couldn’t stand it one minute longer.I 16 be in prison! My father answered my 17 with just two lines—two lines that will always sing in my 18 —two lines that completely changed my life：‎ Two men looked out from prison bars，‎ One saw the mud，the other saw the stars.‎ I read those two lines 19 .I was ashamed of myself.I made up my mind I w ould find out what was good in my present 20 ；I would look for the stars.‎ I made friends with the natives，and their 21 amazed me.They gave me presents of their favorite artworks which they had 22 to sell to tourists.I studied the delightful forms of the cactus.I watched for the desert sunsets，and 23 for seashells that had been left there millions of years ago when the sands of the desert had been an ocean 24 .‎ What brought about this 25 change in me? The desert hadn’t changed， 26 I had.I had changed my 27 .And by doing so，I changed an unhappy experience into the most amazing 28 of my life.I was excited by this new world that I had discovered.I had looked out of my selfcreated prison and 29 the stars.‎ 语篇解读　这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者讲述自己为了离丈夫近一些，住在他所在的沙漠的军营里，寂寞的生活和恶劣的生存环境让++作者难以忍受，她写信告诉父母要回家。父亲给她的信中只有两行字，就是这两行字使作者改变了生活态度，学会了在逆境中享受生活。‎ ‎10．A.off B．behind C．near D．beyond 答案　C 解析　根据空格前的went to live there可以看出，作者到那里住的目的是希望离丈夫近(near)一些。off离开；behind在……后面；near在……附近；beyond超出，远于。‎ ‎11．A.before B．already C．then D．still 答案　A 解析　根据上文使用的过去时及第二段第三句“I said I couldn’t stand it one minute longer.”可知，作者在此之前(before)从未那么不快乐过。before在……之前；already已经；then然后，那么；still仍然。‎ ‎12．A.inflexible B．incomprehensible ‎ C．uncontrollable D．unbearable 答案　D 解析　由破折号后的“almost 125°F even in the shade of a cactus(仙人掌)．”可知，即便是在仙人掌的阴凉里，这种炎热也是让人无法忍受的(unbearable)。inflexible缺乏弹性的，不可改变的；incomprehensible难懂的，不可理解的；uncontrollable控制不住的，无法管束的；unbearable无法忍受的，承受不住的。‎ ‎13．A.Only B．Not C．Many D．Such 答案　B 解析　由该段内容可以看出，作者所居住的地方环境很恶劣，可推知空格处应该指这里没有(not)作者可以与之聊天的人。only仅仅，只有；not没有；many许多；such那样的。‎ ‎14．A.covered B．filled C．buried D．charged 答案　B 解析　be covered with用……覆盖；be filled with充满……；be buried with 被……掩埋；be charged with被指控犯……(罪)。由该句语境可以看出，无论是作者吃的食物还是呼吸的空气，到处都充满了(were filled with)沙子。‎ ‎15．A.catching up B．keeping up ‎ C．giving up D．getting up 答案　C 解析　由后面的“I said I couldn’t stand it one minute longer.”可以看出，由于居住地恶劣的环境，作者打算放弃(give up)并准备回家。catch up赶上；keep up保持，维持；give up放弃；get up起床。‎ ‎16．A.ought to B．might well ‎ C．would rather D．had better 答案　C 解析　由该空所在句可知，作者在信中告诉父母，她一分钟也坚持不下去了，她宁愿(would rather)去蹲监狱。ought to应该；might well有可能；would rather宁愿；had better最好。‎ ‎17．A.request B．call C．question D．letter 答案　D 解析　由该段第一句中的“...I wrote to my parents.”可知，作者给自己的父母写了封信。request请求，要求；call通话，召唤；question问题；letter信。‎ ‎18．A.comparison B．imagination ‎ C．consideration D．memory 答案　D 解析　由下文可以看出，作者父亲的这两行话彻底改变了作者对生活的态度，所以这两行话总是在她的记忆(memory)里唱响。comparison对比；imagination想象；consideration考虑，体贴；memory记忆。‎ ‎19．A.over and over B．by and by ‎ C．up and down D．now and then 答案　A 解析　由上下文语境可知，作者收到父亲的信后反复(over and over)阅读，并为自己感到羞愧。over and over再三，反复；by and by不久，很快；up and down上上下下，来回；now and then不时，时常。‎ ‎20．A.company B．occupation ‎ C．situation D．relationship 答案　C 解析　由上文可知，空格所在句表示作者下定决心找到自己目前处境(situation)的优势。company陪伴，公司；occupation工作，占用；situation处境，状况；relationship关系。‎ ‎21．A.movement B．reaction ‎ C．guidance D．purpose 答案　B 解析　由该段内容可知，作者与当地人交朋友，而他们把最喜欢的艺术品作为礼物送给作者。他们的反应(reaction)让作者感到吃惊。movement运动，活动；reaction反应；guidance指导；purpose目的。‎ ‎22．A.refused B．failed C．managed D．happened 答案　A 解析　由上下文语境可知，当地人对作者作出的反应让作者感到吃惊，因为他们竟然舍得将拒绝(refuse)卖给游客的艺术品当作礼物送给作者。refuse拒绝；fail失败，不及格；manage管理；happen发生，碰巧。‎ ‎23．A.asked B．hunted C．waited D．headed 答案　B 解析　各选项均可与空格后的for构成短语。ask for请求，要求；hunt for寻找；wait for等待；head for前往……。由下文中的定语从句“...that had been left there millions of years ago...”可知，作者在沙漠里寻找(hunt for)几百万年前遗留下来的贝壳。‎ ‎24．A.floor B．surface C．rock D．level 答案　A 解析　由空格所在句“...when the sands of the desert had been an ocean .”可知，沙漠里的沙地曾经是海底(floor)。floor底部，地面；surface表面；rock岩石；level水平。‎ ‎25．A.shocking B．challenging ‎ C．puzzling D．astonishing 答案　D 解析　由上文可以看出，作者由最初的抱怨并打算放弃在沙漠中的生活，到后来接受自己的处境并学会欣赏生活中的美好可以看出，作者的变化是令人十分惊讶的(astonishing)。shocking骇人的；challenging具有挑战性的；puzzling令人迷惑的。‎ ‎26．A.as B．but C．for D．or 答案　B 解析　由上文可以看出，沙漠没有改变，但(but)作者发生了变化。as表原因；but表转折；for表原因；or表示出现相反的情况。‎ ‎27．A.attitude B．principle C．identity D．standard 答案　A 解析　由上文可以看出，作者由最初的不快乐到后来学会享受沙漠生活，完全是因为自己对生活的态度发生了改变。attitude态度；principle原则；identity身份，一致；standard标准。‎ ‎28．A.vacation B．operation C．affair D．adventure 答案　D 解析　所给选项中的adventure与该句中的experience相对应。vacation假期；operation操作，手术；affair事务，事件；adventure冒险，奇遇。‎ ‎29．A.sought B．counted C．found D．reached 答案　C 解析　作者将自己从最初感受到沙漠之苦到后来体验到沙漠生活的快乐的转变比喻为在自创的监狱里发现(find)了星星。seek寻找；count数数；find发现；reach到达。‎ Ⅳ.语法填空 ‎(2018•全国Ⅲ)‎ I’m not sure 30. is more frightened，me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.I’m walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic.Unexpectedly，I’m facetoface with the gorilla，who begins screaming at 31. top of her lungs.That makes her baby scream，and then a 400pound male appears.He screams the 32. (loud) of all.The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid 33. (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel 34. (challenge)．‎ My name is Mireya Mayor.I’m a 35. (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.I was searching 36. these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing.No one had seen them for hours，and my colleagues and I were worried.‎ When the gorillas and I frightened each other，I was just glad to find 37. (they) alive.True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature，the huge animal 38. (mean) me no real harm.He was just saying：“I’m king of this forest，and here is your reminder！” Once his message was delivered，he allowed me 39. (stay) and watch.‎ ‎30．答案　who/which 解析　考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：我不确定谁(哪一个)更害怕，是我还是那只不知从哪里突然冒出来的雌猩猩。‎ ‎31．答案　the 解析　考查冠词。at the top of one’s lungs用尽量大的声音，放声大叫，为固定搭配。‎ ‎32．答案　loudest 解析　考查副词的比较等级。由空前的the以及空后的of all可知要用最高级。‎ ‎33．答案　looking 解析　考查非谓语动词之动名词。avoid doing sth.避免做某事。avoid后面可以接动名词作宾语，不能接不定式作宾语。‎ ‎34．答案　challenged 解析　考查词性转换之动词变为形容词。连系动词feel后要接形容词作表语。challenged adj.受到挑战的；challenging adj.困难的，富有挑战性的。由语境可知，填challenged。‎ ‎35．答案　scientist 解析　考查词形转换之名词构词法。由空后的who可知，定语从句的先行词是表示人的名词。故填scientist科学家。‎ ‎36．答案　for 解析　考查介词。search for寻找，为固定搭配。‎ ‎37．答案　them 解析　考查代词之人称代词。分析句子结构可知，此处要用代词作find 的宾语，故要用人称代词的宾格。they的宾格为them。‎ ‎38．答案　meant 解析　考查动词的时态。由语境可知，此处事情发生在过去，要用一般过去时态。‎ ‎39．答案　to stay 解析　考查非谓语动词之动词不定式。allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事，为固定搭配。‎