【英语】2019届二轮复习高考语法填空真题深度解读(一)（10页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习高考语法填空真题深度解读(一)（10页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习高考语法填空真题深度解读(一)‎ 第二部分：命题揭秘 ‎1.命题形式 有不给提示词(纯空格)和给提示词两类。两类题的比例通常为3:7，有时为4:6。‎ ‎2. 答案词数 不给提示词的纯空格只能填1个英语单词，而给提示词的答案可能是一个词、两个词，也可能是多个词。‎ ‎3. 纯空格题的考点：‎ ‎(1)主要考查冠词、介词和连词。‎ ‎(2)有时也会考查构成疑问句或强调句的助动词do, does, did，或连接性副词，如before, ago, later, besides, however, otherwise等。 ‎ 此外，强调句型it is…that中的it或that，以及nothing, nobody, any, every, all, both, another, nor, neither, either, too等也不可忽视。‎ ‎4. 给提示词题的考点：‎ ‎(1)年年考查谓语动词(包括时态、语态、主谓一致等)、非谓语动词和词类转换。‎ ‎(2)经常考查名词的复数形式、代词、形容词或副词的比较等级。‎ 注意：‎ 如果是要求考生填形容词性物主代 词、名词性物主代词、人称代词宾语、反身代词等，命题人会给出其基本形式，如人称代词的主格。但如果要求考生填人称代词的主格(如I, you, he, she, it, we, they)或无需变化的it等，命题人就可能不给提示词了，如2017年全国Ⅱ卷。‎ 第三部分：解题方略 牢记纯空格题与给提示词题各自的考点，对解题非常有用。具体技巧见考点破解，解题的大致方法与策略如下：‎ ‎1.略读全文了解大意。‎ ‎2.从句子结构的完整性去思考该填哪类词。‎ ‎3.从句子意思的完整性去思考具体填哪个词。‎ ‎4.根据前后句子之间的逻辑关系确定填适当的并列连词或从句的引导词。‎ ‎5.先易后难，等容易的做好后再考虑做难题。‎ ‎6.做完后再通读一遍，认真检查。 ‎ 第四部分：真题研读 一、真题解读 ‎2016年全国I卷 材料类型：与中国相关 ‎1.Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top____61____ (attract).‎ ‎2. So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I____62____ (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be ____63____ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back ____64____ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ____65____I was the first Western TV reporter____66____ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include ____67____ (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. ‎ ‎3. On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by ____68____ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few____69____ (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, ____70____ other is with mum---she never suspects.‎ 二、语篇分析 大意：本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了作者作为特邀大使在熊猫基地的所见所闻。‎ Part 1：主要讲了作者对成都的印象，并指出最吸引人的事物是熊猫。①句作者提出了几种成都的特色事物，可能会对旅游者产生吸引力。②句用But表明作者对上文提到的几种事物并不感兴趣，最令他感兴趣的是熊猫。‎ Part 2：主要讲作者被邀请作为一名熊猫使者，介绍了他很早以前就关注过大熊猫，并简要阐述了作为使者的职责所在。①句表达了作者认为被邀进入一个熊猫基地是一个巨大的荣耀，反证了第一段中提到的熊猫是最吸引作者的事物，说明作者真的非常喜欢大熊猫。②说明了作者此次的身份，是作为一名英国使者。③句是对②句的进一步说明，使者的头衔是由国家正式授予作者的，说明了作者作为使者的任务之重、此次活动的重要性。④句讲述了作者并非第一次与大熊猫接触，早在20世纪80年代作者就已经拍摄过大熊猫，印证了第一段中作者喜欢大熊猫的说法。⑤句作者简要阐明了作为大使的职责。‎ Part 3：讲述了一次作者在成都大熊猫基地的所见所闻。①句介绍了在最近的一次拜访中，作者帮助了一只被母亲拒绝哺育的熊猫宝宝。②句说明了针对①句中的情况，育儿室的工作人员所采取的措施，成功帮助了熊猫宝宝而未引起熊猫妈妈的怀疑。‎ 三、长难句理解 But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.‎ ‎[分析]句中when引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明先行词the mid-1980s；在这个定语从句中，过去分词短语permitted…‎ 作定语修饰reporter；现在分词短语caring for…作定语修饰unit；过去分词短语rescued from…作定语，修饰pandas。‎ ‎[句意]但我和熊猫的联系可以追溯到20世纪80年代中期的一档电视节目中，我是第一个被允许拍摄一个特殊单位的西方电视台记者，这个单位是照顾从野外挨饿中营救的熊猫的。‎ 四、答案详解 ‎61. attraction 考查词类转换。在“形容词性物主代词(its)+形容词(top)”后应填名词，attraction指“吸引人的事物或地点，景点”。attraction作“吸引”讲为不可数名词；作“吸引人的事物”讲是可数名词。pandas仅为一项吸引人之处，故用单数。‎ ‎62. was allowed 考查语态。因I与allow之间是被动关系，作者是被允许走进这些动物，故用被动语态；又由句中的was可知，用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎63. officially 考查词类转换。修饰动词，应用副词，表示“正式地”。‎ ‎64. to 考查介词。因go back to(追溯到)为固定搭配。‎ ‎65. when 考查连词。引导定语从句并在从句中作时间状语，先行词是days，故用when。‎ ‎66. permitted 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词was，故permit应为非谓语动词；又因reporter与permit之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。事实上，先行词前有序数词修饰时，通常用不定式作定语，所以也可填to be permitted。‎ ‎67. introducing 考查非谓语动词。由include 后习惯上要动名词作宾语，即include doing可知，填introducing。‎ ‎68. its 考查代词。在名词前作定语，表示“a lively three-month-old twin的”妈妈，故用its。‎ ‎69. days 考查名词的数。空格前有few 修饰，故day用复数。‎ ‎70. the 考查冠词。前句提到twins和“one is being bottle-fed”，因此表示“另一个”用the other。 二、课堂演练 ‎2014年全国I卷 Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?‎ ‎    In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It ____61____ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it ____62____ (actual) caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of ____63____ most outstanding examples of environmental clean-up. ‎ But the river wasn’t changed in a few days ____64____even a few months. It took years of work ____65____ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is ____66____(clean) than ever. ‎ ‎    Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit ____67____ is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or don’t know how to control your credit card use. When ‎ you face such an impossible situation, don’ t you want a quick fix and something to change immediately? ‎ ‎  While there are ____68____ (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the ____69____ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be ____70____(patience).‎ 参考答案：‎ ‎1969年，凯霍加河因为油污着火，通过几年治理，河水重新变得清澈，这成为治理环境最突出的例子之一。作者以此为例说明，人们在遇到棘手的问题时不要灰心，也无须急于改变现状，而是要用一定的耐心，以审慎的态度和具体的措施来理智地解决问题。‎ ‎61. was   指1969年的情况，用一般过去时；上下句的时态也有提示作用。‎ ‎62. actually   修饰谓语动词caught，作状语，用副词。‎ ‎63. the   构成最高级。‎ ‎64. or   上文说到对这条河的治理非常成功，本句中的转折连词but及下句的It took years of work说明这条河流的改变不是几天，也不是几个月的事情，故用or起并列作用，表示“或者”。‎ ‎65. to reduce   是it takes time to do sth.句型，不定式作真正的主语。‎ ‎66. cleaner   作表语，依然用形容词；由than可知，要用比较级。‎ ‎67. that /which   引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词是a habit。‎ ‎68. amazing   在名词stories前作定语，要用形容词；由句意可知，需要填表示“惊人的”amazing。‎ ‎69. changes   作主语或冠词后应当用名词，change除作动词外也可作名词；由紧接着的are可知，要用复数形式。‎ ‎70. patient   在系动词be后作表语，要用形容词。‎ 三、课后练习 ‎2017年全国Ⅲ卷 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎    She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term____61____ (rest). Instead, she is earning ₤6,500 a day as ____62____ model in New York.‎ ‎    Sarah ____63____ (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah, ____64____ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants ____65____ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her ____66____(educate).‎ ‎    She has turned down several ____67____ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree ____68____ engineering or architecture.‎ ‎    Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at that moment, school ____69____ (come) first. I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is ____70____ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don’t want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can’t model any more.”‎ ‎ ‎ 参考答案 ‎    语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了16岁的Sarah在上学的同时兼职做模特，并且取得了巨大的成功。虽然她父亲希望她当全职模特，但是Sarah仍然坚持要先完成学业。‎ ‎1. resting考查固定搭配。spend time doing sth.是固定搭配，故填resting。‎ ‎2．a考查冠词。该空后面model是可数名词单数，此处表示“作为一名模特”，表示泛指，故填a。‎ ‎3．has been told/was told　考查动词时态和语态。此处动词tell与Sarah之间是被动关系，因为第二段在讲述父亲和Sarah的想法时都是用现在时，因此可以用现在完成时表示过去对现在的影响，故可以填has been told。此外，“被告知”这件事情发生在过去，故也可填was told。‎ ‎4．who考查定语从句的引导词。此句Sarah是主语，wants是主句谓语，因此可以判断此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为Sarah，从句中缺主语且指人，故填who。‎ ‎5．to prove考查非谓语动词。want to do是固定搭配，故填to prove。‎ ‎6．education考查词性转化。形容词性物主代词her后需用educate的名词形式，故填education。‎ ‎7．invitations考查名词复数。invitation是可数名词，前面有several修饰，要用复数形式，故填invitations。‎ ‎8．in考查介词。degree与介词in搭配，表示在某方面的学位。故填in。‎ ‎9．comes考查动词时态。全文以现在时为主，且school是第三人称单数，故填comes。‎ ‎10．certainly考查词性转化。此处fun是名词，但空处修饰整个句子，作状语，故填certainly。‎ 第一部分：真体研读 ‎(一) 2016年全国Ⅱ卷  ‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式。‎ ‎    1. If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of ____61____ (great) and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of ____62____ (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ____63____ (be) often acceptable.‎ ‎    2. Most of us are more focused ____64____ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive ____65____ possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.‎ ‎    3. Recent ____66____(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks ____67____ (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ____68____ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.‎ ‎    4.If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely ____69____ (bring) your work home. It could be anything—gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, ____70____ (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.‎ 二、语篇分析 大意：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了处理工作压力的方法。‎ Part 1：作者首先给我们一个建议：做事要分清轻重缓急，不能眉毛胡子一把抓。‎ Part 2：作者建议我们要充分利用早晨注意力比较集中的这段黄金时间开展工作，这样才能够使一天过得很圆满。‎ Part 3：作者引用科研成果告诫我们要劳逸结合。‎ Part 4：作者叮嘱我们，虽然要劳逸结合，但不能把业余爱好变成一种新的负担。‎ 三、答案详解 ‎61. greater  跟less并列，一起作importance的定语，与应用同less一样用比较级。‎ ‎62. achievement  在介词后作宾语要用名词，表示“成就”。‎ ‎63. is  动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。‎ ‎64. on  因be focused on (集中精力于)是固定搭配。‎ ‎65. as  因as…as possible (尽可能……)是固定搭配。‎ ‎66. studies  作主语用其名词形式，而study表示“研究”本身可以作名词；又由谓语动词show可知，主语应为复数，故填studies。‎ ‎67. regularly  修饰谓语动词用副词。‎ ‎68. a  表示“一会儿”用for a while。‎ ‎69. to bring  因be likely to do sth.是固定搭配。‎ ‎70. make  主句是祈使句，以动词原形开头。句意：但是不论是什么事儿一定要确保它是你一天压力的放松而不是另外一件需要担心的事情。‎ ‎(二) 2014年全国Ⅱ卷 ‎    One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about ____61____ (be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, ____62____ some of them looked very anxious and ____63____ (disappoint). When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next ____64____ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a ‎ bike ____65____ (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused ____66____ (stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept ____67____ (ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked, “____68____ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear! It’s ____69____(I).” She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers ____70____ (sudden) became friendly to one another.‎ 二、语篇分析 大意：本文记叙了作者坐公交车的一次经历。作者目睹一位骑自行车的男孩捡到一位旅客的箱子后一路追赶公交车，直到下一站，将箱子交还失主，车上的陌生人之间也因此变得相互友好。‎ 三、长难句分析 Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers suddenly became friendly to one another.‎ 分析：本句中，and是并列连词，连接前后两个小分句。前一个分句中是what引导介词about的宾语从句，同时做宾语从句中done的宾语。‎ 句意：车上的每个人都在谈论男孩所做的一切，瞬间一群陌生人对彼此变得友善起来。‎ 四、答案详解 ‎61. being   在介词后作宾语，动词be应用动名词形式。‎ ‎62. and   前后是两个句子，应填连词；不缺句子成分，意义完整，再根据两句意义之间的逻辑性判断，是并列关系，并没有选择或是转折关系，故填连词and。‎ ‎63. disappointed   因looked作“看起来”解是系动词，句中所给词与形容词anxious并列，一起作looked的表语，故用其形容词形式；再根据语境，可知其意为“失望的”，故填disappointed。‎ ‎64. to   因名词the window在句中不作主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语，很可能就是作介词的宾语；next to意为“在……的旁边，挨着……”，故填to。‎ ‎65. caught   在句中作谓语，考虑时态语态；a boy与catch是主动关系，又由语境可知用一般过去时，故填caught。‎ ‎66. to stop   表示“拒绝做某事”，是refuse to do sth.。‎ ‎67. riding   表示“继续/一直做某事”，是keep doing sth.。‎ ‎68. Did   考查疑问句的结构。由本句的标点可以判断出这是一个一般疑问句，再根据它的构成形式，可判断此处应填助动词do帮助构成疑问句。本句是问“有人在前一站丢了东西吗？”显然是过去时，而lose是原形，故填助动词Did，注意句首首字母要大写。‎ ‎69. mine /me   句中It可能是替代my ‎ suitcase，意为“那是我的箱子”，填mine；也可能是代替anyone，意为“丢东西的人是我”，填me。本题有两种可能性。一是，承接上一句司机的问话“谁丢的……？”，答语自然可以用me，指“是我丢的”。二是，乘客直接说“是我的手提箱”，这时就需要用名词性物主代词mine。‎ ‎70. suddenly   修饰动词became，作状语，用副词。‎ 第二部分：真题演练 ‎(一) 2017全国卷Ⅰ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎    There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community (医学界) ____61____ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side ____62____ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. ‎ ‎    Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required ____63____ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt ____64____ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As ____65____ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even ____66____ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food ____67____ (be) full of fat and salt; by ____68____ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. ‎ ‎    Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be ____69____ (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ____70____ is not good for the health. ‎ ‎(二)2017全国卷Ⅱ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎    In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible ____61____(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and ____62____ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, ____63____(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over____64____ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.‎ ‎    Steam engines____65____(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been ____66____(fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using ____67____ every day.‎ ‎    Later, engineers ____68____(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the ____69____ (introduce) of ‎ electric-powered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most ____70____(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.‎ 参考答案：‎ ‎2017全国卷Ⅰ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种低脂肪、低盐的饮食趋势及其对人们健康的影响。‎ ‎61．as　考查介词。分析句子结构可知，此处在句中作状语，表示“作为一种抵御心脏病的方式”，所以填as，意为“作为”。‎ ‎62．effects　考查名词复数。这种趋势产生了一些意想不到的副作用。根据空前的“some”及空后的“such as overweight and heart disease”可知，此处指不止一种副作用，故用名词复数形式effects。‎ ‎63．to process　考查非谓语动词。be required to do sth.为固定用法。‎ ‎64．are removed　考查时态和语态。本文的主体时态为一般现在时，此处亦应用一般现在时；又fat and salt是动词remove的承受者，应用被动语态。所以此处填are removed。‎ ‎65．a　考查冠词。as a result为固定搭配，意为“结果”。‎ ‎66．worse　考查比较级。短语even worse意为“更糟糕的是”，表示意义的递进。故填worse。‎ ‎67．is　考查时态和主谓一致。此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时；分析句子结构可知，该句缺少谓语动词，又因主语为Fast food，故填is。‎ ‎68．eating　考查非谓语动词。介词by后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故填eating。‎ ‎69．careful　考查词性转化。此处为形容词作表语，故填careful“当心的”构成系表结构。‎ ‎70．which　考查关系代词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，空处指代前句的内容，且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词which。‎ ‎2017全国卷Ⅱ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了世界上第一个地下客运铁路在英国开放及其逐渐发展成现在的地铁的过程。‎ ‎61．crowds　考查名词复数。因为crowd为可数名词，并且其前没有限定词，所以此处用其复数形式。‎ ‎62．from　考查介词。此处是指“当他们来回上下班时”。‎ ‎63．laying　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句的主语为This，谓语动词included后由and连接了三个动名词短语作宾语。故填laying。‎ ‎64．the　考查定冠词。此处特指“地铁的顶部”，故填定冠词the。‎ ‎65．were used　考查动词时态和语态。因为是介绍1863年的事情，而且Steam engines与use之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were used。‎ ‎66．fairly　考查词性转化。修饰形容词unpleasant，故填副词fairly。‎ ‎67．it　考查代词。根据上文的“the railway quickly ...”可知，此处用it指代the railway。‎ ‎68．managed　考查动词时态。因为engineers与manage之间为主动关系，而且是发生在过去的事情，所以填managed。‎ ‎69．introduction　考查词性转化。由前面的定冠词the可知，其后应接名词，故填introduction。‎ ‎70．successful　考查词性转化。根据语境并结合空前的the most可知，空处表达最高级意义。故填successful。‎