【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题议论文类型模拟试题10篇训练之八（18页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题议论文类型模拟试题10篇训练之八（18页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题议论文类型模拟试题10篇训练之八 ‎[一]‎ As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line(装配线) on September 27,1908.Only eleven cars were produced the next month. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.‎ ‎ Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger. For most of the last century, the car represented what it meant to be American—going forward at high speed to find new worlds. The road novel, the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest public works project in history.‎ ‎ In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with“ a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial power.‎ The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster. In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.‎ The problems of excessive(过度的)energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L.Friedman. He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.‎ ‎ Friedman points out that the green economy(经济)is a chance to keep American strength.“ The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”‎ ‎【文章大意】汽车作为美国的文化符号尚年轻,但给美国带来了方方面面的变化。由于石油的过度消费,也带来了生态灾难。‎ ‎28. Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?‎ A. To explain Americans’ love for travelling by car.‎ B. To show the influence of cars on American culture.‎ C. To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.‎ D. To praise the effectiveness of America’s road system.‎ ‎【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger.可知,汉堡是汽车影响美国文化的产物。故选B。‎ ‎29.What has the use of cars in America led to?‎ A. Decline of economy.‎ B. Environmental problems.‎ C.A shortage of oil supply.‎ D. A farm-based society.‎ ‎【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段可知,汽车在推动美国梦的同时,也带来了生态灾难。故选B。‎ ‎30.What is Friedman’s attitude towards America’s future?‎ A. Ambiguous. B. Doubtful.‎ C. Hopeful. D.Tolerant.‎ ‎【解析】选C。观点态度题。根据倒数第二段中He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.以及下一段中的具体建议,可知,Thomas L.Friedman对美国的未来是充满希望的。故选C。‎ ‎[二]‎ In the 1760s, Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted(享有)a special meat soup called consommé. Although the main attraction was the soup, Roze’s chain shops also set a new standard for dining out, which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.‎ Today, scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants. Take visual hints that influence what we eat: diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta(意大利面食)when their plates matched their food. When a dark-colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one, customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.‎ Lighting matters, too. When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness, they couldn’t tell how much they’d had: those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else, but were none the wiser—they didn’t feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert. ‎ Time is money, but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants. Unlike fast-food places, fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend. One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round: put on some Mozart(莫扎特).When classical, rather than pop, music was playing, diners spent more. Fast music hurried diners out. Particular scents also have an effect: diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草)stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon, or no scent.‎ Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spending—“bad” tables, crowding, high prices— don’t necessarily. Diners at bad tables — next to the kitchen door, say — spent nearly as much as others but soon fled. It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly concerned about ‘bad’ tables,” given that they’re profitable. As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant’s reputation, suggesting great food at fair prices. And doubling a buffet’s price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.‎ ‎【文章大意】现代学者对餐馆进行了大量有意义的研究,发现视觉,照明,就餐时间,餐桌位置,拥挤程度等都可以用来改善餐馆生意。‎ ‎58.The underlined phrase “none the wiser” in Paragraph 3 most probably implies that the customers were .‎ A. not aware of eating more than usual ‎ B. not willing to share food with others C. not conscious of the food quality ‎ D. not fond of the food provided ‎【解析】选A。词义猜测题。上文those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else意为:那些得到更多分量的人比别人吃得多;下文they didn’t feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert 意为:他们没有感觉到饱,还准备吃甜点呢。再根据but表示转折,可推测出画线部分的意思是:没有意识到比平时吃得多了。‎ ‎59. How could a fine dining shop make more profit?‎ A. Playing classical music.‎ B. Introducing lemon scent.‎ C. Making the light brighter.‎ D. Using plates of larger size.‎ ‎【解析】选A。 细节理解题。根据第四段中fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend. One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round: put on some Mozart.可知,高级餐馆会播放莫扎特的音乐(即:古典音乐)来让客人多待一会儿。‎ ‎60.What does the last paragraph talk about?‎ A. Tips to attract more customers.‎ B. Problems restaurants are faced with.‎ C. Ways to improve restaurants’ reputation.‎ D. Common misunderstandings about restaurants.‎ ‎【解析】选D。段落大意题。最后一段第一句话Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spending—“bad” tables, crowding, high prices— don’t necessarily.意为:你认为有些因素可能影响人们消费,比如:位置不好的餐桌,拥挤,高价格等,但是未必。再根据下文对这些因素的分析可知,本段主要讲述了一些常见的关于餐馆的错误认识。‎ ‎[三]‎ Give yourself a test. Which way is the wind blowing? How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door? If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you’ll have no trouble answering these questions.‎ Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A child’s day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder. Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness. But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear; we are numb(麻木的)to new stimulation(刺激),new ideas. Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple, although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits.‎ The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs. This blocks awareness. One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students, I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream. The students began complaining about how cold it would be. We reached the stream, and they unwillingly walked ahead. They were almost knee-deep when they realized it was a hot spring. Later they all admitted they’d felt cold water at first.‎ Another block to awareness is the obsession(痴迷) many of us have with naming things. I saw bird watchers who spotted a bird, immediately looked it up in field guides, and said, a “ruby-crowned kinglet” and checked it off. They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing.‎ The pressures of “time” and “destination” are further blocks to awareness. I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom ‎ occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see what’s around them. I asked them what they’d seen.“ Oh, a few birds,” they said. They seemed bent on their destinations.‎ Nature seems to unfold to people who watch and wait. Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is, take in all the sights, sounds and sensations. Wander in this frame of mind and you will open a new dimension to your life.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文属于议论文,主要论述了随着个人的成长,我们对周围事物失去了敏感度,缺少了好奇心。作者告诉我们:在乎目的地的同时也要懂得欣赏沿途的风景。‎ ‎51. According to Paragraph 2,compared with adults, children are more .‎ A. anxious to do wonders B. sensitive to others’ feelings C. likely to develop unpleasant habits D. eager to explore the world around them ‎【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear; we are numb to new stimulation, new ideas.”可知“相比孩子,我们(成年人)对新刺激、新观点变得麻木了。”‎ ‎52.What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3?‎ A. To avoid jumping to conclusions.‎ B. To stop complaining all the time.‎ C. To follow the teacher’s advice.‎ D. To admit mistakes honestly.‎ ‎【解析】选A。推理判断题。本段属于总分结构,由首句“...to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs.”可知“我们要停止在还没有感受过程的时候就预测结果。”该段后面的例子用于证明这个论点。‎ ‎53.The bird watchers’ behavior shows that they .‎ A. are very patient in their observation B. are really fascinated by nature C. care only about the names of birds D. question the accuracy of the field guides ‎【解析】选C。推理判断题。辨鸟的事例是为本段首句论点服务的,因此由本段首句中的“the obsession many of us have with naming things”可知答案。‎ ‎54.Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings during the journey?‎ A. The natural beauty isn’t attractive to them.‎ B. They focus on arriving at the camp in time.‎ C. The forest in the dark is dangerous for them.‎ D. They are keen to see rare birds at the destination.‎ ‎【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第五段的首句“The pressures of ‘time’ and ‘destination’ are further blocks to awareness.”可知“他们在乎的是时间和目的地。”‎ ‎55.In the passage, the author intends to tell us we should .‎ A. fill our senses to feel the wonders of the world B. get rid of some bad habits in our daily life C. open our mind to new things and ideas D. try our best to protect nature ‎【解析】选A。推理判断题。文章属于总分结构,第一、二段是总的部分,根据这一部分可知作者建议我们用心去感知世界的奇妙。‎ ‎[四]‎ Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you're doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you're holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation (感觉) of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions - those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.‎ Psychologists have known that one person' s perception (感知) of another' s "warmth" is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either "warm" or "cold" is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a "cold" person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies' conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness.Classic studics by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth "mother" rather than one made of wire, even when the wire "mother" carried a food bottle. Harlow's work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.‎ ‎　　Feelings of "warmth" and "coldness" in social judgments appear to be universal.Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as "warm"， or "cold" is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.‎ ‎　　To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study's hypotheses (假设) , handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form. The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of"Person A"based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.‎ ‎"We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly，" says Bargh.‎ ‎[语篇解读]最近的心理学研究发现，人们对"温暖"或者"寒冷"的感受可以改变人们的情感。‎ ‎5．According to Paragraph 1, a person' s emotion may be affected by________.‎ A. the visitors to his office B. the psychology lessons he has C. his physical feeling of coldness D. the things he has bought online ‎[解析]细节理解题。由文章第一段的第三句话可知，温暖的感觉激发温暖的情感，而冷饮在手则会阻止你做出不明智的决定，因此可以说一个人的情感可能会受到冷的感觉的影响。[答案]B ‎6．The author mentions Harlow' s experiment to show that________.‎ A. adults should develop social skills B. babies need warm physical contact C. caregivers should be healthy adults D. monkeys have social relationships ‎[解析]细节理解题。在试验中，猴子喜欢去靠近布制的"妈妈"而不喜欢"金属线"做的"妈妈"。这使心理学家们强调养育者应该让孩子们多接触一些令人感觉温暖的东西，以帮助孩子们成长为有正常社交技能的健康的成年人，故B项正确。[答案]B ‎7．In Bargh' s experiment, the students were asked to________.‎ A. evaluate someone' s personality B. write down their hypotheses C. fill out a personal information form D. hold coffee and cold drink alternatively ‎[解析]　细节理解题。由文中倒数第二段中的"After that，the students were asked to rate the personality of'Person A'based on a particular description."可知选A。在试验中，学生被要求评价某人的性格。[答案]A ‎8．We can infer from the passage that________.‎ A. abstract thinking does not come from physical experiences B. feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide C. physical temperature affects how we see others D. capable persons are often cold to others ‎[解析]推理判断题。全文都在论述人们对"温暖"或"寒冷"的感觉可以影响人们对事物的评价。因此，物理温度会影响我们看待他人的方式。因此选C。[答案]C ‎9．What would be the best title for the passage?‎ A. Drinking for Better Social Relationships B. Experiments of Personality Evaluation C. Developing Better Drinking Habits D. Physical Sensations and Emotions ‎[解析]主旨大意题。本文主要介绍的是人们对物理温度的感觉对人们情绪的影响，D项概括性比较强。[答案]D ‎[五]‎ In ancient Egypt ，the pharaoh(法老) treated the poor message runner like a prince when he arrived at the palace, if he brought good news. However, if the exhausted runner had the misfortune to bring the pharaoh unhappy news, his head was cut off.‎ Shades of that spirit spread over today' s conversations.Once a friend and I packed up some peanut butter and sandwiches for an outing. As we walked lightheartedly out the door，picnic basket in hand, a smiling neighbor looked up at the sky and said, "Oh boy, bad day for a picnic. The weatherman says it' s going to rain." I wanted to strike him on the face with the peanut butter and sandwiches. Not for his stupid weather report, for his smile.‎ Several months ago I was racing to catch a bus.As I breathlessly put my handful of cash across the Greyhound counter, the sales agent said with a broad smile, "Oh that bus left five minutes ago." Dreams of headcutting!‎ It' s not the news that makes someone angry. It' s the unsympathetic attitude with which it' s delivered. Everyone must give bad news from time to time, and winning professionals do it with the proper attitude. A doctor advising a patient that she needs an operation does it in a caring way. A boss informing an employee he didn' t get the job takes on a sympathetic tone.Big winners know, when delivering any bad news, they should share the feeling of the receiver.‎ Unfortunately, many people are not aware of this. When you are tired from a long flight, has a hotel clerk cheerfully said that your room isn' t ready yet? When you had your heart set on the toast beef, has your waiter merrily told you that he just served the last piece? It makes you as traveler or diner want to land your fist right on their unsympathetic faces.‎ Had my neighbor told me of the upcoming rainstorm with sympathy, I would have appreciated his warning.Had the Greyhound salesclerk sympathetically informed me that my bus had already left, I probably would have said, "Oh, that ' s all right. I'll catch the next one. "Big winners, ‎ when they bear bad news, deliver bombs with the emotion the bombarded (被轰炸的) person is sure to have.‎ ‎[语篇解读]当我们告诉别人不好的消息时，我们应该以同情的表情和语气来表达。‎ ‎1．In Paragraph 1 ，the writer tells the story of the pharaoh to________.‎ A. make a comparison B. introduce a topic C. describe a scene D. offer an argument ‎[解析]逻辑推理题。从第一段可知，作者用"法老的故事"来引出文章的话题，所以答案选B。[答案]B ‎2．In the writer' s opinion, his neighbor was________.‎ A. friendly B. warmhearted C. not considerate D. not helpful ‎[解析]事实细节题。文章中第二段，作者的邻居高兴地向作者传达一个坏消息，他没有考虑作者的感受，由此可知作者的邻居很不会体贴人，考虑事情不周全。[答案]C ‎3．From "Dreams of headcutting！" ( Paragraph 3 ), we learn that the writer________.‎ A. was mad at the sales agent B. was reminded of the cruel pharaoh C. wished that the sales agent would have bad dreams D. dreamed of cutting the sales agent' s head that night ‎[解析]逻辑推理题。从文章第三段推断可知，作者对售票员的这种行为非常愤怒，所以答案选A。[答案]A ‎4．What is the main idea of the text?‎ A. Delivering bad news properly is important in communication.‎ B. Helping others sincerely is the key to business success.‎ C. Receiving bad news requires great courage.‎ D. Learning ancient traditions can be useful.‎ ‎[解析]主旨大意题。本文告诉我们"在日常交流中，当向别人传达坏消息时应该委婉地表达出来，以照顾到对方的感受，这在日常交流中是非常重要的"。由此可知答案为A项。[答案]A ‎[六]‎ A rainforest is an area covered by tall trees with the total high rainfall spreading quite equally through the year and the temperature rarely dipping below 16℃.Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the ‎ climate. Without the forest cover, these areas would reflect more heat into the atmosphere，warming the rest of the world. Losing the rainforests may also influence wind and rainfall patterns, potentially causing certain natural disasters all over the world.‎ In the past hundred years, humans have begun destroying rainforests in search of three major resources (资源): land for crops, wood for paper and other products, land for raising farm animals. This action affects the environment as a whole. For example，a lot of carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)in the air comes from burning the rainforests. People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit.‎ There are two main reasons for this. Firstly, when people cut down trees, generally they can only use the land for a year or two. Secondly, cutting large sections of rainforests may provide a good supply of wood right now, but in the long run it actually reduces the world' s wood supply.‎ Rainforests are often called the world's drug store. More than 25% of the medicines we use today come from plants in rainforests. However, fewer than 1% of rainforest plants have been examined for their medical value. It is extremely likely that our best chance to cure diseases lies somewhere in the world's shrinking rainforests.‎ ‎[语篇解读]文章论述了热带雨林的重要作用以及对环境的影响。‎ ‎5．Rainforests can help to adjust the climate because they________.‎ A. reflect more heat into the atmosphere B. bring about high rainfall throughout the world C. rarely cause the temperature to drop lower than 16℃‎ D. reduce the effect of heat from the sun on the earth ‎[解析]因果判断题。由文章第一段内容可以得出答案。[答案]D ‎6．What does the word "this" underlined in the third paragraph refer to?‎ A. We will lose much more than we can gain.‎ B. Humans have begun destroying rainforests.‎ C. People have a strong desire for resources.‎ D. Much carbon dioxide comes from burning rainforests.‎ ‎[解析]由上下文内容可知，A项正确。[答案]A ‎7．It can be inferred from the text that________.‎ A. we can get enough resources without rainforests B. there is great medicine potential in rainforests C. we will grow fewer kinds of crops in the gained land D. the level of annual rainfall affects wind patterns ‎[解析]推测判断题。由文章最后一段内容即可得出答案。[答案]B ‎8．What might be the best title for the text?‎ A. How to Save Rainforests B. How to Protect Nature C. Rainforests and the Environment D. Rainforests and Medical Development ‎[解析]主旨大意题。整篇文章主要论述了热带雨林的重要作用以及砍伐热带雨林对环境所造成的影响。‎ ‎[答案]C ‎[七]‎ The latest research suggests that the key factor separating geniuses from the merely accomplished is not IQ, a generally bad predictor of success. Instead, it' s purposeful practice. Top performers spend more hours practising their craft. If you wanted to picture how a typical genius might develop, you' d take a girl who possessed a slightly above average language ability. It wouldn' t have to be a big talent, just enough so that she might gain some sense of distinction. Then you would want her to meet, say, a novelist, who coincidentally shared some similar qualities. Maybe the writer was from the same town, had the same family background, or, shared the same birthday.‎ This contact would give the girl a vision of her future self.It would give her some idea of a fascinating circle she might someday join.It would also help if one of her parents died when she was 12, giving her a strong sense of insecurity and fuelling a desperate need for success. Armed with this ambition, she would read novels and life stories of writers without end. This would give her a primary knowledge of her field.She'd be able to see new writing in deeper ways and quickly understand its inner workings.‎ Then she would practise writing. Her practice would be slow, painstaking and errorfocused. By practising in this way，she delays the automatizing process. Her mind wants to turn conscious, newly learned skills into unconscious, automatically performed skills. By practising slowly, by breaking skills down into tiny parts and repeating, she forces the brain to internalize a better pattern of performance. Then she would find an adviser who would provide a constant stream of feedback, viewing ‎ her performance from the outside, correcting the smallest errors，pushing her to take on tougher challenges. By now she is redoing problems - how do I get characters into a room - dozens and dozens of times. She is establishing habits of thought she can call upon in order to understand or solve future problems.‎ ‎　　The primary quality our young writer possesses is not some mysterious genius. It' s the ability to develop a purposeful, laborious and boring practice routine. The latest research takes some of the magic out of great achievement. But it underlines a fact that is often neglected. Public discussion is affected by genetics and what we're "hardwired" to do. And it's true that genes play a role in our capabilities. But the brain is also very plastic. We construct ourselves through behavior.‎ ‎[语篇解读]你依然认为天才由基因决定，认为自己不可能成为天才吗？一项新的研究表明：成功并不取决于人的IQ，而是通过后天有目的的训练得来的。‎ ‎1．The passage mainly deals with________.‎ A. the function of IQ in cultivating a writer B. the relationship between genius and success C. the decisive factor in making a genius D. the way of gaining some sense of distinction ‎[解析]主旨大意题。这篇文章主要讲了决定成功的主要因素并不是IQ，而是些后天的、有目的的训练和努力。所以C项正确。A、B两项不符合文章意思；D项不具体。[答案]C ‎2．By reading novels and writers' stories, the girl could________.‎ A. come to understand the inner structure of writing B. join a fascinating circle of writers someday C. share with a novelist her likes and dislikes D. learn from the living examples to establish a sense of security ‎[解析]细节判断题。依据文章第二段的"This would give her a primary knowledge of her field.She'd be able to see new writing in deeper ways and quickly understand its inner workings."可知A项正确。[答案]A ‎3．In the girl' s long painstaking training process，________.‎ A. her adviser forms a primary challenging force to her success B. her writing turns into an automatic pattern of performance C. she acquires the magic of some great achievements D. she comes to realize she is "hardwired" to write ‎[解析]细节理解题。根据文章第三段的"By practising in this way，she delays the automatizing process. Her mind wants to turn ‎ conscious，newly learned skills into unconscious，automatically perfomed skills."可知B项正确。[答案]B ‎4．What can be concluded from the passage?‎ A. A fuelling ambition plays a leading role in one' s success.‎ B. A responsible adviser is more important than the knowledge of writing.‎ C. As to the growth of a genius, IQ doesn' t matter, but just his/her efforts.‎ D. What really matters is what you do rather than who you are.‎ ‎[解析]推理判断题。文章主要讲述：一个人的成功并不是由IQ决定的而是通过后天的努力训练得来的。D项"重要的不是你是谁而是你做了什么"符合文章主旨大意。[答案]D ‎[八]‎ ‎237 West Palmdale Boulevard Fresno, California 93706　‎ AmToy Corporation Suite 15‎ TransAm Building San Francisco, California 94115‎ November 20,2008　‎ Dear Sirs，‎ As a concerned parent, I am writing to protest your recent advertisement for ElectroRobo seen in local media in California. Specifically, I am referring to newspaper and magazine ads (attached to this letter)published the week of November 15.‎ Children respond to your type of advertising in an immature way；that is, they are unable to understand how expensive some toys are for middleclass parents. Further, your product is violent in nature. Your advertisement gives children the impression that it's fine to have"two guns and laser eyes. "You also suggest that children need your toy to protect them"when you go outside. "This is not a healthy attitude for children to have.‎ I hope you will stop advertising your product in such a way that may harm our children.‎ Sincerely yours，‎ ‎(Mrs.) Alma Hernandez President, Parents for Nonviolent Toys Enc.‎ It's Here ! Ready for You, Now ! It's ElectroRobo !‎ Every boy dreams of being in control of a robot, and AmToy can make your dream come true! ElectroRobo is the world's first fully automatic robot with radio control. Standing 80 centimeters tall, ElectroRobo is like a friend at home. He can walk, talk, and even shake your hand! He has two guns and laser eyes to help you defend yourself when you go outside with him. Every boy needs ElectroRobo !‎ Ask your Mom and Dad to buy ElectroRobo for your birthday or for Christmas, which is coming up soon. Imagine that you are in control of your friend for life, ElectroRobo!‎ Available at all toy stores and department stores NOW!‎ ‎[语篇解读]本文是家长写给一家玩具公司的一封抗议信，反对该公司有误导倾向的广告及有暴力倾向的产品。‎ ‎5．What is the purpose of the letter?‎ A. To complain about a broken toy.‎ B. To oppose the advertising.‎ C. To order a gift for Christmas.‎ D. To apply for a job in a toy company.‎ ‎[解析]推理判断题。通读文章可知，写这封信的意图是反对这家公司所做的具有暴力倾向和有误导之嫌的广告，故选B。[答案]B ‎6．Why does the writer of the letter feel that ElectroRobo is violent?‎ A. It is controlled by radio waves.‎ B. It is expensive to buy.‎ C. It is 80 centimeters tall.‎ D. It bears arms.‎ ‎[解析]事实细节题。由第二部分第一段倒数第二句He has two guns and laser eyes...可知这玩具持有武器。[答案]D ‎7．What does"Enc. "at the end of the letter mean?‎ A. Something attached to the letter.‎ B. A complaint to the toy company.‎ C. A hidden message.‎ D. An encouraging response.‎ ‎[解析]猜测词义题。由下面的附加广告可以推出该词的含义为"附文"。[答案]A ‎8．ElectroRobo can do all the following EXCEPT________.‎ A. sitting down B. shaking handsC. talking D. walking ‎[解析]事实细节题。由第二部分第一段倒数第三句描述该电动机器人的He can walk，talk，and even shake your hand！可知四个选项中只有A没有提及，故选A。[答案]A ‎[九]‎ Happiness is contagious, researchers reported on Thursday.‎ People with the most social connections - spouses, friends, neighbors and relatives - were also the happiest, the data showed. "Each additional happy person makes you happier，" Christakis said.‎ ‎"Imagine that I am connected to you and you are connected to others and others are connected to still others. It is this fabric of humanity, like an American patch quilt."‎ Each person sits on a different colored patch. "Imagine that these patches are happy and unhappy patches. Your happiness depends on what is going on in the patch around you，" Christakis said.‎ ‎"It is not just happy people connecting with happy people, which they do. Above and beyond, there is this contagious process going on."‎ And happiness is more contagious than unhappiness, they discovered.‎ ‎"If a social contact is happy, it increases the likelihood that you are happy by 15 percent，" Fowler said. "A friend of a friend, or the friend of a spouse or a sibling (兄弟姐妹), if they are happy, increases your chances by 10 percent，" he added.‎ A happy third-degree friend - the friend of a friend of a friend - increases a person's chances of being happy by 6 percent.‎ ‎"But every extra unhappy friend increases the likelihood that you'll be unhappy by 7 percent，" Fowler said.‎ The finding is interesting and it is useful, too, Fowler said.‎ ‎"Among other benefits, happiness has been shown to have an important effect on reduced mortality (死亡率), pain reduction, and improved cardiac (心脏的) function. So better understanding of how happiness spreads can help us learn how to promote a healthier society，" he said.‎ The study also fits in with other data suggested in 1984 that having $ 5,000 extra increased a person's chances of becoming happier by about 2 percent.‎ ‎"A happy friend is worth about $ 20,000，" Christakis said.‎ ‎[语篇解读]美国科学家的一项最新研究成果表明，快乐感可以互相传递。这项研究成果为我们构建更为健康、和谐的社会提供了依据和方法。‎ ‎1．According to the research, your happiness ________.‎ A. has nothing to do with your workmates or schoolmates B. has something to do with anyone who has a close relationship with you C. depends on those who are in favour of you or are against you D. has little to do with what social connections you have ‎[解析]推理判断题。根据第二段、第三段内容可知，快乐感会不断传递和扩散，你的配偶、朋友、邻居、亲戚等的快乐指数会直接影响你的快乐程度，故选B。[答案]B ‎2．The underlined word "contagious" in the first paragraph means ________.‎ A. infectious B. beautiful C. effective D. prior ‎[解析]词义猜测题。第一句是全文的主题句。由文章第二、三、四段可知，快乐感可以在人们之间传播，故contagious的意思是"有感染力的，有传染性的"。[答案]A ‎3．It can be inferred that________.‎ A. happiness spreads as fast and widely as unhappiness B. unhappiness spreads faster and more widely than happiness C. happiness spreads faster and more widely than unhappiness D. the spread of unhappiness has not been studied by researchers ‎[解析]推理判断题。根据第六段"And happiness is more contagious than unhappiness，they discovered."一句可推知选C。[答案]C ‎4．Which of the following will increase your chances of becoming happier most?‎ A. Being in a party with a happy atmosphere.‎ B. A happy experience of your brother or your parents.‎ C. A happy trip to a foreign country of your friends.‎ D. Happiness of your friend' s friend.‎ ‎[解析]事实细节题。根据第七、第八段讲述的别人的快乐感对你的影响几率可知，排在最前的是"If a social contact is happy"，故选A。[答案]A ‎5．What does Christakis mean by saying "A happy friend is worth about $ 20,000" ?‎ A. A happy friend can help you bring in a wealth of $ 20,000.‎ B. A happy friend is a wealth which is worth about $ 20,000.‎ C. A happy friend increases your chances of being happy by 2%.‎ D. A happy friend increases your chances of being happy by 8 %.‎ ‎[解析]句意理解题。结合上一段中的"that having $5,000 extra increased a person's chances of becoming happier by about 2 percent"可知，一个快乐的朋友带给你的快乐相当于大约$20,000带给你的快乐，也就是$5,000的四倍，即一个快乐的朋友给你带来快乐的几率为8%，故选D。[答案]D ‎[十]‎ When times get tough, we all look for ways to cut back. When we're hungry, we eat at home instead of going out. We take buses instead of taxis. And we wear our old designer jeans just a few months longer. With college expenses at all-time highs, high school students are eager to do anything to cut the cost of a university education.‎ One cost-cutting proposal is to allow college students to get a bachelor' s degree in three years instead of four. Educational institutions have been actively exploring ways to make the learning process more efficient. But there's a question: Would the quality of undergraduate(本科生)education suffer? Few US universities have formally approved a "three-year degree" model.‎ I doubt that mainstream North American colleges will carry out a three-year curriculum(课程) any time soon. For one thing, most universities already allow highly qualified students to graduate early by testing out of certain classes and obtaining a number of college credits(学分). In addition, at famous universities, the committee who determine which courses are required and which courses are electives are unlikely to suddenly "throw out" one quarter of the required credits. Professors will resist "diluting(稀释)" the quality of the education they offer.‎ In my opinion, a quality four-year education is always superior to a quality three-year education. A college education requires sufficient time for a student to become skilled in their major and do coursework in fields outside their major. It is not a good idea to water down education, any more than it' s not a good idea to water down medicine. If we want to help students find their way through university, we should help them understand early on what knowledge and skills they need to have upon graduation. We should allow students to test out of as many courses as ‎ possible. We should give them a chance to earn money as interns(实习生)in meaningful part-time jobs that relate to their university studies, such as the five-year co-op program at Northeastern University.‎ ‎[语篇解读]本文为议论文。作者认为把大学四年的学制缩短为三年不是一个好主意，保证足够的时间才能保证大学教育的质量。‎ ‎1．Which of the following can be the best title?‎ A. It' s time to shorten the learning process B. Best learning takes place over time C. University education should be watered down D. College education calls for reform ‎[解析]主旨大意题。作者认为把大学四年的学制缩短为三年不是一个好主意，学好大学功课是需要付出时间的，故B项最佳。[答案]B ‎2．We can learn from the passage that ________.‎ A. most American universities are against the "three-year degree" model B. many famous US universities are considering adopting the "three-year degree" model C. professors are willing to accept the "three-year degree" model D. The "three-year degree" model can make college learning more efficient ‎[解析]细节理解题。根据第二段中的Few US universities have formally approved a "three-year degree" model可知几乎没有几所美国大学认可"三年本科学位"模式。[答案]A ‎3．In most US universities，________.‎ A. college students are offered the co-op program B. electives' credits make up one quarter of the required credits C. all students are required to finish four-year education before graduation D. some excellent students can graduate ahead of time ‎[解析]细节理解题。根据第三段中的most universities already allow highly qualified students to graduate early可知特别优秀的大学生可以提前毕业。[答案]D ‎4．We can infer that________.‎ A. the author is a college professor B. the author thinks the cost of a university education is too high for people to afford C. the author considers the university education quality very important D. the author pays special attention to the all-round development of college students ‎[解析]推理判断题。在第四段作者给出了自己的观点，从"A college education requires sufficient time for a student to become skilled in their major...""It is not a good idea to water down education"等处可以看出作者非常看重大学教育质量。[答案]C ‎5．The first paragraph serves as a(n)________．‎ A. explanation B. definition C. introduction D. comment ‎[解析]篇章结构题。本题要求学生推断文章的结构。根据第一段的内容可知第一段是用来引入话题的，故C项最佳。[答案]C