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2019届一轮复习人教版选修七Unit2Robots单元学案(25页word版)
2019届一轮复习人教版选修七Unit 2Robots单元学案 单元基础词汇 1.automatic adj.__自动的__ 2.artificial adj.__人造的__ 3.__shape__ n.形状 4.__function__ n.功能 5.update vt.__更新__ 6.be used __for__被用来…… 7.come true__实现__ 8.__follow__ the fashion追随时尚 9.be __in__ the lead领先 10.information products__信息产品__ 11.__in__ storage储存 12.scientific breakthrough__科学突破__ 13.positive and negative aspects of robots__机器人的积极和消极方面__ 14.intelligent terminal__智能终端__ 15.a robot design competition__机器人设计大赛__ 单元好句 1.__As is known to all__, most mobile robots are still__ in the design__ stage. 众所周知,大多数移动机器人仍处在设计阶段。 2.With the development of science, more and more people are confused that__ whether it is good or bad to make robots__. 随着科学的发展,越来越多的人怀疑制造机器人究竟是好还是坏。 3.Are robots going to__ take the place of__ human beings? 机器人将会代替人类吗? 词汇素养 Ⅰ.单词识记 1.__desire__n.[C,U]渴望;欲望;渴求 vt.希望得到;想要 2.__accompany__vt.陪伴;伴奏→(形近词)__company__n.[U]陪伴;伴随→__companion__n.[C]伙伴;同伴 3.__alarm__vt.使警觉;使惊恐;惊动 n.[C]警报;[U]惊恐→__alarmed__adj.担心的;害怕的→__alarming__adj.令人惊恐的 4.__declare__vt.宣布;声明;表明;宣称→(同义词)__announce__vt.宣言;公布 5.__favour__n.[C,U]喜爱;恩惠 vt.喜爱;偏袒→__favourable__adj.赞成的;有利的→__favourite__adj.最喜爱的 6.__elegant__adj.优雅的;高雅的;讲究的→__elegantly__adv.优雅地;高贵地 7.__satisfaction__n.[U]满意;满足;[C]令人满意的事物→__satisfy__vt.使满足;使满意→__satisfying__&__satisfactory__adj.令人满意的→__satisfied__adj.满意的 8.__obey__vt.& vi.服从;顺从→(反义词)__disobey__vt.& vi.不服从;违抗 9.__affection__n.[U]喜爱;爱;感情→__affect__vt.感动;影响 10.__talent__n.[C,U]天才;特殊能力;才干→__talented__adj.有才气的;有才能的→(同义词)__gifted__adj.有才气的;有才能的 11.sympathy n.__同情(心)__ 12.divorce n.__离婚;断绝关系__ vt.__与……离婚;与……脱离__ 13.assessment n.__评价;评定__ 14.overweight adj.__超重的;体重超常的__ Ⅱ.词汇运用 1.(2016·北京卷)“I can't imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,” Natalie __declared__(declare). 2.(2016·浙江卷)It can give gossipers a strange kind of __satisfaction__(satisfy). 3.(2016·浙江卷)Other people can have different views and __desires__(dsire) from what he or she has. 4.(2016·北京卷)Billy had diphtheria, a deadly infectious(传染的) disease mainly __affecting__(affect) children. 5.The __talented__ singer was popular with his fans because of his __talent__.(talent) 6.(湖南卷)Children, when __accompanied__(accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. 7.What's Mike's __assessment__(assess) of the present situation? 8.However, when Claire first saw the robot, she felt __alarmed__(alarm). 9.I know your __favourite__ is buying a car. Since your economic situations are __favourable__ to you, you can buy one. If necessary, I can do you a __favour__.(favour) Ⅲ.单词巧记 1.身体部位面面观 ①shoulder n.肩膀 ②stomach n.胃 ③breast/chest n.胸 ④wrest n.腰 ⑤toe n.脚趾 ⑥finger n.手指 ⑦tail n.尾巴 ⑧fingernail手指甲 ⑨ankle脚踝 2.以over-开头的单词速记 ①overlook v.俯瞰;忽略 ②oversleep v.睡过头 ③overflow v.从……溢出 ④overthrow v.推翻 ⑤overseas adv.在海外;在国外 ⑥overestimate v.高估 ⑦overweight adj.超重的 ⑧overdue adj.过期未付 ⑨overhear v.无意中听到 3.“婚姻”家庭 ①date v.约会 ②engagement n.订婚 ③marry v.结婚;娶;嫁 ④get married结婚 ⑤marriage n.结婚,婚姻 ⑥bride n.新娘 ⑦bridegroom n.新郎 ⑧wedding n.婚礼 ⑨married adj.已婚的 ⑩anniversary n.周年纪念(日) ⑪divorce v.离婚;使离婚 ⑫single adj.单身的 ⑬widow n.寡妇 短语速记 Ⅰ.短语默写 1.__test out__考验出;检验完 2.__ring up__给……打电话 3.__turn around__转身;翻转 4.__leave...alone__不管;别惹;让……一个人待着;和……单独在一起 5.__set aside__将……放在一边;为…… 节省或保留(钱或时间) 6.__in all__一共;总计 7.__be bound to__一定做…… 8.__reach for__伸手去够 9.__in favour of__支持;赞成 10.__or rather__更确切地说 Ⅱ.短语填空 1.He__set aside__my suggestions and just went on with his plan. 2.You__are bound to__achieve your dreams if you keep trying your best. 3.In our city,almost everyone is__in favour of__bringing down the housing price because it is too high for us to buy one. 4.The hunter__reached for__his gun, aimed at the bear and fired. 5.There was little time left.He had to walk,__or rather__run to the office. 6.The moment I am informed of the result, I will__ring__you__up__. 7.Her only fear was that her little son would be__left alone__in the world in case something happened to her. 8.There are 58 students__in all__in our class, including 24 girls. Ⅲ.联想归纳 1.up短语集锦 ①pick up拾起,捡起;获得;接收信号;不费力地学会 ②look up仰望;尊敬;拜访;查找(资料),向上看 ③turn up出现;调大音量 ④put up举起, 抬起;张贴 ⑤eat/use up吃/用光 ⑥set up建立,设立 ⑦take up拿起;开始从事;占据(时间,地方) ⑧bring up提出;教育;养育;呕出 2.a+n.+of常用短语 ①a couple of一对 ②a good deal of许多 ③a set of一套 ④a pair of一双 ⑤a bit of一点 ⑥a series of一系列 句式悟通 背会原句 知晓考点 我会仿用 1.It was disturbing and frightening that he looked so human. 机器人如此通人性,这令人觉得心烦和害怕。 It be+形容词+that从句,it是形式主语,that引导的从句是句子的真正主语。 1.很明显学生们应该为将来做好准备。 __It is obvious that__ students should get well prepared for their future. 2.As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern. 她刚一转过身来,就看到格拉迪斯·克拉芬站在那儿。 there, here, up, down, in, out, now, then等表方位或时间的副词置于句首时,主谓完全倒装。 2.在小溪的一边有棵硕果累累的树。 __There stands/stood a tree__ full of fruit on one side of the stream. 3.What a sweet victory to be envied by those women! 受到那些女士的妒忌,这该是多么甜美的胜利! what引导的感叹句,基本结构为:What+a(n)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语! 3.你给了我一本多么有教育意义而有趣的书啊! __What an instructive and interesting book you have given to me.__ 精 研 词 汇 短 语 1.desire n.渴望;渴求 vt.希望得到;想要 归纳拓展 (1)have a strong desire (2)desire to do sth.渴望做某事 desire sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事 desire that...(should)do sth.渴望…… 温馨提示 desire不用于进行时态。后接宾语从句时,从句中的谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”。此外,含desire的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。 多维训练 单句语法填空。 ①We desire that immediate help__ be given__(give) to the local villagers who have been trapped by the flood. ②(2015·湖南高考)I had a strong desire__ to reach__(reach) in and play with the toy, but was held back thankfully by the shop window. ③Each student in our class desires__ to go__(go) to a famous university. 一句多译。 他希望赢得这场比赛。 ④__He desired to win the game.__(desire v.) ⑤__He had a desire to win the game.__(desire n.) ⑥__He desired that he (should)win the game.__(desire that...) 2.favor n.喜爱;恩惠 vt.赞成;喜爱;偏袒 归纳拓展 (1)ask sb.a favour 请某人帮忙 do sb.a favour 帮某人一个忙 owe sb.a favour 欠某人的人情 (2)in favour of 同意;支持;优先选择 in one's favour 有利于某人 (3)favor A over B=prefer A to B 喜欢A胜过B (4)favourite adj.喜爱的 __n.最喜爱的人或物 多维训练 单句语法填空。 ①(全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)I'm writing to ask you to do me __a__ favour. ②I owed him a __favour__(favourite), so I couldn't say no. ③Most of them were __in__ favour of my opinion while David was against it. 高考小作文。 ④(江苏高考书面表达)然而,另外一些人赞成收录(英语词汇),因为很难说这是否会威胁到汉语。 However, __others are in favour of__ the inclusion because it is hard to say whether it will__ threaten the Chinese language__. 3.accompany vt.陪伴;伴奏;附有;配有 归纳拓展 (1)accompany sb.=keep sb.company__陪伴某人 accompany sb.to someplace__陪同某人到某地 (2)accompany sb.at/on+乐器 用某乐器为某人伴奏 be accompanied by__ 由……伴奏/伴随 (3)company n.[U] 陪伴;陪同 companion n.[C] 同伴;伙伴 多维训练 单句语法填空。 ①All in all, if he had been available that day, he__ would have accompanied__(accompany) you to the exhibition. ②I was told that the singer was accompanied __on/at__ the piano by an advanced robot. ③To her annoyance, her son often keeps company __with__ a group of unambitious boys. ④The overseas student turned around to set the book aside and stepped onto the platform, __accompanied__ (accompany) by our class teacher. 4.declare vt.宣布;声明;表明;宣称 归纳拓展 declare sb./sth.(to be)+adj./n.宣布某人或某事…… declare for/against 表示赞成/反对…… declare war(on/against)(向……)宣战 declare sth.open/closed 宣布某事开始/结束 易混辨析 declare 通常指正式、明确地向公众“宣布;宣告;声明”,侧重“当众”发表,多用于宣战、议和、宣判等,往往带有权威性。后面可跟复合宾语 announce 指正式地“公开;发表;宣布”,侧重“预告”人们所关心或感兴趣的事情,尤指新闻之类的消息。需要接间接宾语时,要在间接宾语前加to 一言辨异 Our country had declared against any war between the two countries, which will be announced to the nation. 我们国家已经声明反对两国间的任何战争,而且将会对全民宣布。 多维训练 完成句子。 ①The U.N. has __declared__ it __to be__ a safe zone. 联合国已宣布它为安全区。 ②The accused man __was declared to__ be innocent by the court. 法庭宣布被告无罪。 ③He__ declared that__ he would fight for his right. 他宣称要为他的权利而斗争。 ④Do you know the time when America__ declared war against/on__ Syria? 你知道美国向叙利亚宣战的时间吗? 选词填空(declare/announce)。 ⑤We have time and time again __declared__ that we will never be the first to use nuclear weapons. ⑥It was __announced__ that there would be a celebration on Sunday. 5.sympathy n.同情 归纳拓展 show/feel/have sympathy for sb.同情某人 in sympathy with 同情;赞成;支持 out of sympathy (for) 出于/对……的同情 win the sympathy of 博得……的同情 express sympathy 深表同情 多维训练 用适当的介词填空或根据所给汉语提示完成句子。 ①__Sympathy from passers-by__(来自过路人的同情) made him feel quite embarrassed. ②To be a popular student, we must show our respect, concern and sympathy__ for__ others. ③The lady__ won the sympathy of other people__(博得了别人的同情) by describing her miserable past. ④__Out of sympathy for the homeless children__(出于对无家可归的孩子们的同情), he gave them shelter for the night. 6.envy n.& vt 忌妒;羡慕 归纳拓展 (1)envy sb. sth./doing sth.忌妒或羡慕某人某物/做某事 (2)become/be the envy of...成为……忌妒(或羡慕)的对象 feel envy at...对……忌妒 out of envy/with envy出于忌妒/羡慕地 (3)envious adj.羡慕的;忌妒的 be envious of忌妒 多维训练 完成句子。 ①(2016·江苏高考)She was__ the envy of__ the whole community. 她是整个社区人们羡慕的对象。 ②(朗文高阶)He__ envied__ Rosalind her youth and strength. 他羡慕罗莎琳德的青春和活力。 ③I__ envy you having__ such a close family. 我羡慕你有这么一个亲密的家庭。 ④They looked at her__ with envy__. 他们羡慕地看着她。 7.ring up 给……打电话 归纳拓展 (1)打电话给某人 (2)call/ring back回电话 (3)ring off/hang up挂断电话 hold on别挂断 多维训练 用适当的介词或副词填空。 ①Jim isn't in at the moment. Would you like to ring __back__ later? ②On arriving at the airport, he rang __up__ his mother to say everything was OK. ③I have to ring __off__ now because my friend is waiting for me. ④I have something important to say. Please hold __on__ for a moment. 8.leave...alone不管;别惹;让……一个人待着;和……单独在一起 归纳拓展 leave behind 遗留;把……抛在后面;超过 leave aside 搁置一边 leave for...动身到…… leave out 省略;遗漏 多维训练 介、副词填空。 ①He's in a bad mood right now.We'd better leave him__alone__. ②I wonder why they left__aside__such an important question. ③No wonder you couldn't get through.You've left__out__a zero in this phone number. 单句改错。 ④My parents were away on business.So I left alone with no one cooking for me.__left前加was__ 9.set aside将……放在一边;为……节省或保留(钱或时间);暂时不考虑 归纳拓展 set about(doing sth.)着手(做某事) set out(to do sth.)出发;开始(做某事) set down 写下;放下 set off 动身;出发;引爆;引发 set up 建立;创立 多维训练 写出下列句中set aside的含义。 ①I try to set aside a few minutes each day to do some exercise,though I'm very busy.__为……保留时间__ ②When you finish the experiment, please set the chemicals and tools aside.__将……放在一边__ ③Let's set aside my personal feelings for now.__暂时不考虑__ 完成句子。 ④You had better__ set aside__ some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic. 你最好每天都留出一些时间来锻炼,这样你就可以保持精力充沛。 ⑤If we__ set off__ right now, we ought to be able to get there in time. 如果我们马上出发,我们应该能够及时到达那里。 ⑥After supper, Mary set about__ clearing__ the table. =After supper, Mary set out__ to clear__ the table. 晚饭后,玛丽动手收拾餐桌。 ⑦(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)But it also__ set off__ the Montgomery bus boycott. 但是它也引发了蒙哥马利巴士抵制运动。 精 析 句 型 结 构 1.As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern. 她刚一转过身来,就看到格拉迪斯·克拉芬站在那儿。 there stood...是完全倒装句。there stands...表示“有……;站立……;耸立……”。 归纳拓展 当表示方向、地点、时间的副词there,here,out,in,up,down,now,then等位于句首,且主语是名词时,句子要用完全倒装语序。用于这类倒装结构的动词及短语有:be,stand,live,come,go,seem to be,happen to be等,这些动词及短语多用一般现在时或一般过去时,而不能用进行时态。 温馨提示 当主语是人称代词时,不用倒装语序。 Here you are.给你。 多维训练 根据括号内的汉语提示完成下列句子。 ①—Is everyone here? —Not yet ...Look, here__ come the rest of our guests__(其它的客人来了). ②John opened the door.There__ stood a girl__(站着一位女孩) he had never seen before. ③The door opened and in__rushed the audience__. 门开了,观众涌了进来。 ④__There happened to be__a doctor on the train. 这列火车上碰巧有一位大夫。 ⑤Look!Here__comes the teacher__. 瞧!老师来了。 2.What a sweet victory to be envied by those women! 受到那些女士的妒忌,这该是多么甜美的胜利! 感叹句:What+a(n)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语! 归纳拓展 (1)What+a(n)+adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! What+adj.+复数名词/不可数名词+主语+谓语! (2)How+adj.+a(n)+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)! How+adj./adv.(主语+谓语)! How+主语+谓语! I'm amazed at what great progress you made! 你进步这么大,我很吃惊! 多维训练 单句语法填空。 ①__What__ beautiful furniture you have got in your apartment! I am green with envy. ②__How__ awful to be discovered by her! 单句改错。 ③How wonderful places you have visited in the past ten days! __How→What__ 一句多译。 多么奇怪的植物!我以前从来没见过。 ④__How strange a plant!__ I've never seen it before.(how) ⑤__What a strange plant!__ I've never seen it before.(what) 基 础 训 练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.While waiting for the opportunity to get __promoted__(promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty. 2.Children,when__accompanied__(accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. 3.In much of the animal world, night is the time set __aside__ for sleep—pure and simple. 4.When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside __in__favour of younger men. 5.We are not ready to go into production yet.The new machine isn't fully tested __out__. 6.My father is against my plan while my mother is in favor __of__ it. 7.The young couple set __aside__ some money each month for their future use even though their income can only make ends meet. 8.He is bound __to_be_left__(leave) behind unless he doubles his efforts. 9.It was reported that a little boy __trapped__(trap) under a destroyed house for three days was pulled out alive at last. 10.It's everybody's desire that ever effort __(should)_be_made__(make) to reduce the pollution in our city. Ⅱ.完成句子 1.His new house was __the_envy_of_all_his_friends__ (他所有朋友羡慕的对象). 2.Tom was so interested in my essay that he __set_aside_his_own_work__ (把自己的工作放一边) and began to discuss it with me. 3.Children __are_bound_to_meet_with__ (注定会遇到) setbacks(挫折) as they grow up, so their parents don't need to worry about it. 4.When they __heard_the_alarm__(听到警报), they even did not realize what had happened. 5.由于我母亲偏爱我妹妹,我整天感到闷闷不乐。 It was because __my_mother_favored__ my little sister that I felt uncomfortable all day. 6.他们离婚已有两年时间而且也很久没互相联系过了。 They __have_been_divorced__ for two years and haven't been in touch with each other for a long time. 7.她比我小,但看起来比我成熟。 She __is_junior_to____me but she looks more mature than me. 8.不管我有什么理由,她一定会叫我陪她去超市。(accompany) No matter what my excuse was, she was bound to ask me __to_accompany_her_to_the_supermarket__. 9.他没有足够的钱吃饭,更不用说娱乐了。 He doesn't have enough money for food, __let_alone__ amusement. 10.人人向往成功和幸福,但不是所有人都竭尽全力地去追求。 Everyone __has_a_desire_for__success and happiness, but only part of them have tried their best to attain them. Ⅲ.单句改错 1.To everybody's surprise, they got divorcing last month,though they had been married for only two months. __divorcing→divorced__ 2.Everybody was alarming at the news that war might break out. __alarming→alarmed__ 3.Thunders accompanying by heavy rain in this season are very common. __accompanying→accompanied__ 4.She had her bag snatching away on her way home yesterday evening. __snatching→snatched__ 5.Look! There stand the highest building of the city. __stand→stands__ 6.The little boy came riding at full speed down the motorway on his bicycle.How a dangerous scene it was! __How→What__ Ⅳ.语篇填空 Larry Belmont worked for a company __1.that/which__made robots.Recently __2.it__ had begun experimenting with a household robot.It was going to __3.be_tested__(test) out by Larry's wife, Claire. Claire didn't want the robot in her house, especially as her husband would be __4.absent__(absence) for three weeks, but Larry __5.persuaded__(persuade) her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her __6.to_be_harmed__(harm).It would be a bonus.However, __7.when__ she first saw the robot, she felt alarmed.His name was Tony and he seemed __8.more__ like a human than a machine.He was tall and handsome __9.with__ smooth hair and a deep voice although his __10.facial__(face) expression never changed. 能 力 提 升 Ⅰ.单元考点与短文改错 Obviously, John has a talent of singing. He has a strong desire to becoming a famous singer like Song Zuying. Therefore, his father isn't in favor his thought while his mother supports him. She holds the firm belief which he is bound to succeed. She accompanied him to all kinds of music talent show. He devotes almost his free time to practice singing. What he envies others have holidays at weekends and desires to spend the weekend holiday on the beach with his family. A good chance for him comes now. The success seem to be around the corner. 答案: Obviously, John has a talent singing. He has a strong desire to a famous singer like Song Zuying. , his father isn't in favor his thought while__his mother supports him. She holds the firm belief he is bound to succeed. She him to all kinds of music talent show. He devotes almost his free time to singing. he envies others holidays at weekends and desires to spend the weekend holiday on the beach with his family. A good chance for him comes now. The success to be around the corner. Ⅱ.单元语法与语法填空(被动语态) French and American doctors have done __1.an__ operation together in which the doctors were outside the operating room. This kind of operation __2.is_known__(know) as a robotic operation. Doctor Marescaux did the operation in an office in New York City last month. However, a sixty-year-old woman patient __3.was_treated__(treat) in a hospital in Strasbourg, France. Two doctors in Strasbourg got the patient ready. Medical tools and a small video camera __4.were_placed__(place) in her stomach. Meanwhile, Doctor Marescaux in New York watched her on a video screen and then messages __5.were_sent__(send) to the robot machine through the computer. The robot moved the tools by which the woman's gall bladder __6.was_cut__(cut) away. Shortly __7.after__ the operation, the woman made a full recovery and left the hospital two days later. Doctors hold the belief that such a robotic operation will make safer and better operations in the future. Doctor training will get __8.improved__(improve) as well. Besides, it will also mean that doctors could do an operation on people in dangerous places far away. More importantly, people could __9.be_operated__(operate) on by top doctors without having to travel to the city __10.where__ the doctors work. Ⅲ.单元话题与书面表达 (一)根据提示结合本单元所学知识补全短文(无提示处请填写适当的过渡词) Controlled by computers, my future house is sure to know my likes and dislikes and communicate with me. ①__For example__, it will set the heat in the house to my favorite temperature. The walls will change colors and patterns according to my moods. What's important is that ②__it will accompany me and will never leave me alone__(它会陪伴我而且不会让我一个人等着). ③__Besides/In addition/What's more__, the house can save me from disasters such as flood and earthquakes by giving me alarm. Also, ④__it can set aside time for me to work out regularly/take regular exercise__(它为我留出时间定期锻炼). ❶It is a wonderful house. (二)按要求升级词汇和句式 1.用本单元所学高级词汇升级加黑词语 is sure to→__is bound to__ 2.按要求升级句式 用感叹句升级句❶ __How wonderful a house it is!/What a wonderful house it is!__查看更多