2020届一轮复习外研版选修八Module5　

2020届一轮复习外研版选修八Module5　

‎　‎ ‎2020届一轮复习外研版选修八Module 5　The Conquest of the Universe单元学案 有一位私人太空游客Dennis Tito 计划筹集资金并于2018年将两个人送往火星。这次火星之旅将如何实施？这次火星之旅对Tito本人有着什么样的影响？‎ A US millionaire who was the first private space tourist has announced plans to send a man and a woman－probably a married couple－on a round trip to Mars in 2018.‎ Dennis Tito，a former rocket scientist who made his fortune through investments，said his Mission for America aims to bring a new era of space exploration.Tito，who paid the Russians $20 million for a ticket to the International Space Station (ISS) in 2001，outlined his plans in Washington DC.‎ Tito said he would fund the mission until the end of next year and hoped to raise the rest of the money through donations，media rights sales and potentially through selling scientific data to NASA (美国国家航空和航天局)．“There is no time to lose，”he said.“Now is the time.”‎ The mission，a “return flyby”，in which the spacecraft would fly around Mars rather than land，would last for 500 days.The planned orbit is known as a “free return”： once fired into space，the capsule will swing around Mars and come back to Earth regardless of what happens to its occupants.‎ Many experts say the mission will stand or fall on Tito's abilities to raise funds.Tito said，“I will come out a lot poorer as a result of this mission but my grandchildren will come out a lot richer for the inspiration it will give them.”‎ 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。‎ ‎1．What's Tito's plan?‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2．What does the success of the 2018 Mars trip mainly rely on?‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】　1.To send a man and a woman on a round trip to Mars in 2018.‎ ‎2．It mainly relies on Tito's ability to raise funds.‎ Section Ⅰ　Reading (Introduction &‎ Reading‎ and Vocabulary)‎ ‎[新生词汇初识]‎ Ⅰ. 匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思 ‎1．leap　　　　 A．v.收看(电视)；收听(广播)‎ ‎2．joint B．v.假定，假设 ‎3．accustomed C．adj.高级的，先进的 ‎4．historic D．v.爆炸 ‎5．tune E．n.耐心 ‎6．witness F．v.目击，亲眼看见；亲身经历 ‎7．assume G．adj.共同的；联合的 ‎8．patience H．adj.历史性的，有重大历史意义的 ‎9．advanced I．adj.习惯的 ‎10．burst J．n.飞跃，跳跃 ‎【答案】　1－5 JGIHA　6－10 FBECD Ⅱ.选择下列句中相应词组的汉语意思 A．踏上　B．习惯于　C．意识到　D．做成，成功 E．处在震惊中　F．尽管　G．起飞　H．在……开始的时候 ‎1．When I told them the truth，they were all in shock；they couldn't believe it.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2．Madame Curie and her husband continued to work in spite of all the discomforts. ‎ ‎3．No man has ever set foot on that rocky island；it's impossible to land there.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4．I thought he would be too old to get to the top of the mountain，but he made it at last. ‎ ‎5．Most parents are not well aware of the danger of their babies'eating jelly，which causes most unfortunate incidents to happen. ‎ ‎6．After living there for one year，they have been accustomed to working there. ‎ ‎7．At the beginning of the party，he sang a beautiful song. ‎ ‎8．When I got to the airport，my flight had taken off. ‎ ‎【答案】　1－5　EFADC　6－8　BHG ‎[教材语篇细研]‎ 第一步　速读——了解文章主题和段落大意 速读P58－59教材课文，匹配段落大意 ‎1．Part‎1　‎　 A．The writer witnessed the exploration of ‎ ‎ the Challenger.‎ ‎2．Part 2 B．Human exploring the universe.‎ ‎【答案】　1－2　BA 第二步　细读——把控文章关键信息 细读P58－59教材课文，选择最佳答案 ‎1．The start of a new age of space travel was ．‎ A．the success of the Challenger B．the success of the ‎Columbia C．Apollo 11‎ D．Pioneer 10‎ ‎2．The first man stepped on the moon in ．‎ A．spring　　　　　　 B．summer C．autumn D．winter ‎3．From this passage we can infer that ．‎ A．space flight is still dangerous B．space flight is safe C．no one wants to travel into space again D．the space isn't worth exploring ‎【答案】　1－3　BBA 第三步　精读——能力升华　接轨高考 精读P58－59教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 21st July，1969，1.which was one small step for man，but one giant leap for mankind.People have become 2.accustomed(accustom)to the idea of space travel.Millions of people watched that first moon 3.landing(land)on television，their hearts in their mouths，aware of how difficult and 4.dangerous(danger)an adventure it was，and what risks had to be taken.‎ Later，people were no longer enthusiastic about a space travel programme because 5.of its high cost.The first shuttle flight into space was the Columbia—6.launched(launch)from the Kennedy Space Centre on 12th April，1981，which was the start of a new age of space travel.In 1986，the Challenger carried the first civilian，Christa，who hoped 7.to communicate(communicate)a sense of excitement and create new interest in the space programme，exploded just over a minute after 8.taking(take)off in Florida and all seven astronauts 9.were killed(kill)．The space disaster makes us feel that we are neither Russians 10.nor Americans.We are just human beings who have the same feelings.‎ Section Ⅱ　Language Points (Ⅰ)‎ ‎(Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary)‎ ‎[语 言 基 础 自 测]‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词 ‎1．The novel is based on historic(历史的)facts.‎ ‎2．By their joint(共同的)efforts they managed to complete the project on time.‎ ‎3．People here are not going to take a leap(跳跃)in the dark.‎ ‎4．Without more training or advanced(先进的)technical skills，they'll lose their jobs.‎ ‎5．We assume(假定)his innocence before hearing the evidence against him.‎ ‎6．He used to live in the country，but now he is accustomed to living in the city.‎ ‎7．I would like to tune in to watch the football match on TV.‎ ‎8．A witness is a person who sees what happens with his or her eyes on the spot.‎ ‎9．You're going to burst the balloon，if you're not careful.‎ ‎10．I haven't the patience to hear your complaints again.‎ Ⅱ.拓展词汇 根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词 ‎1．accustom v．使习惯于→accustomed adj.习惯的 ‎2．history n．历史→historic adj.历史性的，有重大历史意义的→historical adj.有关历史的 ‎3．assume v．假定，假设→assumption n．假想 ‎4．patient adj.耐心的→patience n．耐心 ‎5．advance v．前进→advanced adj.高级的，先进的 ‎[寻规律、巧记忆]‎ n.＋“ic”→adj. adj.去t加ce→n.‎ heroic英雄的 classic第一流的 economic经济方面的 importance重要性 absence缺席 confidence自信 Ⅲ.补全短语 根据提示补全下列短语 ‎1．set foot on　　　 踏上 ‎2．slow down 减速 ‎3．be/become accustomed to 习惯于 ‎4．be aware of 意识到 ‎5．make it 做成，成功 ‎6．in shock 处在震惊中 ‎7．in spite of 不管，尽管 ‎8．at the beginning of 在……一开始的时候 ‎9．take off 起飞 Ⅳ.选词填空 用上述短语的适当形式填空 ‎1．In spite of the heavy rain，we went on working.‎ ‎2．No one has set foot on Mars so far.‎ ‎3．He has been accustomed to the country life.‎ ‎4．He stood there in shock and didn't know what to do.‎ ‎5．The plane took off at 10：00 a．m.yesterday.‎ ‎[寻规律、巧记忆]‎ in＋n.→介词短语 take＋adv.→动词短语 in surprise吃惊地 in silence安静地 in horror恐怖地 take up占据，开始从事 take on呈现；雇佣，承担 take over接管 Ⅴ.经典句式必背 ‎1．American Neil Armstrong becomes the first man to set foot on the moon.‎ 美国人尼尔•阿姆斯特朗是登上月球的第一人。‎ ‎[记句式结构]the＋序数词＋名词＋动词不定式(作定语)。‎ ‎[仿写促落实]His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.‎ 他的下个月要出版的第一本书基于一件真事。‎ ‎2．Millions of people watched that first moon landing on television，their hearts in their mouths，aware of how difficult and dangerous an adventure it was，and what risks had to be taken.‎ 数以百万计的人们从电视上观看了首次登月，他们的心提到了嗓子眼，因为他们十分清楚这次是多么艰难多么危险，以及要冒多么大的风险。‎ ‎[记句式结构]独立主格结构。‎ ‎[仿写促落实]He entered the room，his nose bright red with cold．‎ 他进入了房间，鼻子冻得通红。‎ ‎3．By the time the Challenger took off in 1986，the world seemed to have lost its fear and wonder at the amazing achievement of people going up into ‎ space.到1986年“挑战者号”起飞之前，人们似乎已经沉醉于人类走进太空这一巨大成就而忘记了恐惧，也推动了好奇心。‎ ‎[记句式结构]seem to have done...“似乎已经……”，have done表明发生在谓语动作之前的动作。‎ ‎[仿写促落实]He seemed to have passed the driving test.他好像已经通过了驾照考试。‎ ‎4．The world was in shock－maybe they assumed this space flight would be no more dangerous than getting on an aeroplane.‎ 全世界都震惊了——也许他们原本都认为这次太空飞行跟乘坐飞机一样没什么危险。‎ ‎[记句式结构]...no＋比较级＋than...“同……一样不……”。‎ ‎[仿写促落实]This story is no more interesting than that one.这个故事和那个故事一样没趣。‎ ‎[核 心 要 点 探 究]‎ ‎ accustomed adj.习惯的 ‎(教材P58)Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 21st July，1969，people have become accustomed to the idea of space travel.自从尼尔•阿姆斯特朗在1969年7月21日首次踏上月球以来，人们对太空旅行这一概念已经非常熟悉。‎ ‎(1)accustom vt.　　　 使习惯于 accustom oneself to 使自己习惯于；养成……的习惯 ‎(2)be/become/get accustomed to 习惯于 ‎①You'll soon get accustomed to the custom here.‎ 你会很快习惯于这里的风俗。‎ ‎②I will accustom myself(me) to the desert sun.‎ 我将会适应沙漠里的阳光。‎ ‎③We were accustomed to working(work) together.‎ 我们习惯了一起工作。‎ ‎ (教材P58)Millions of people watched that first moon landing on television，their hearts in their mouths，aware of how difficult and dangerous an adventure it ‎ was，and what risks had to be taken.数以百万计的人们从电视上观看了首次登月，他们的心提到了嗓子眼，因为他们十分清楚这次是多么艰难多么危险，以及要冒多么大的风险。‎ ‎【要点提炼】　their hearts in their mouths为独立主格结构，在句中作状语。‎ 独立主格结构的构成：名词或代词＋非谓语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语，其中名词或代词作为结构的逻辑主语，非谓语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语作为结构的逻辑谓语，这种结构有自己的逻辑主语，且其逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，故通常被称为独立主格结构。在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。它的位置相当灵活，可置于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号将其与句子其他部分分开。‎ ‎①Class over all the students went to play on the ground.下课了，学生们都到操场上去玩耍了。‎ ‎②He lay at full length upon his stomach，his head resting(rest) upon his left forearm.他的脊背朝天，四肢伸展，头靠着左前臂，直挺挺地趴伏着。‎ ‎③The experiment done(do)，the students went on to take notes in the experiment report.‎ 实验做完了，同学们继续在实验报告上做笔记。‎ ‎[名师点津]‎ 在“名词＋介词短语”的独立主格结构中，逻辑主语有无修饰语与介词短语中名词前有无修饰语必须保持一致。‎ The teacher came in，(a)bag under(his)arm.‎ 老师进来了，腋下夹着个包。‎ ‎ assume v．(想当然地)认为，假设；假定；担任 ‎(教材P58)The world was in shock—maybe they assumed this space flight would be no more dangerous than getting on an aeroplane.‎ 全世界都震惊了——也许他们原本都认为这次太空飞行跟乘坐飞机一样没什么危险。‎ ‎(1)assume that　　　 假定；认为……‎ assume...to be... 认为……是……；假定……是……‎ ‎(2)assuming that 假定……(作状语)‎ ‎(3)assumption n. 设想；假定；承担；担任；夺取 ‎①I had assumed him to be Belgian.‎ 我本以为他是比利时人。‎ ‎②A lot of people make the assumption(assume) that poverty only exists in the Third World.‎ 许多人认为贫困仅仅存在于第三世界。‎ ‎③Assuming(assume)that it is true，what should we do now？假定那是真的，我们现在该怎么办？‎ ‎ patience n．耐心 ‎(教材P59)We didn't have much patience waiting for the launch.‎ 我们迫不及待地等待着(航天飞机的)发射。‎ ‎(1)be out of patience with... 对……忍无可忍 have no patience with 对……不能容忍，‎ ‎ 对……没有耐性 with patience 耐心地 ‎(2)patient adj. 有耐心的 ‎　 　　 n. 病人 be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心 be patient of sth. 忍耐某事 ‎(3)patiently adv. 耐心地 ‎①Our teacher always explains the problems to us with patience.我们老师总是耐心地给我们讲解问题。‎ ‎②I'm out of patience with his rude words.‎ 我对他粗鲁的话忍无可忍。‎ ‎③The patient is just a small child，so you should be patient(patience)with him.‎ 那个病人只不过是个小孩子，你应该对他耐心点。‎ ‎ in spite of尽管；虽然；不管；不顾 ‎(教材P59)In spite of all our advanced technology，the world is still only at the very beginning of its voyage into space.即便我们掌握了现在的全部先进技术，我们这个世界依然只是处于太空旅行的起步阶段。‎ ‎①The boy went out in spite of his father's orders.‎ 那个男孩无视他父亲的命令，径自出去了。‎ ‎②In spite of her wounded leg，she managed to get up the stairs.‎ 尽管她的腿受了伤，她还是设法爬上了楼梯。‎ ‎[明辨异同]　in spite of/though in spite of 介词短语，表示“尽管；不管”， 其引导的短语作让步状语，等同于despite。‎ though 连词，表示“尽管；虽然”，引导让步状语从句。也可作副词，表示“然而；可是；不过”。‎ ‎③Despitehis advanced age，he is learning to drive.‎ ‎④I don't know him well thoughI've known him for a long time.‎ ‎ burst v．(使)爆裂；爆炸；突然出现 n．突发；爆裂 ‎(教材P59)to burst with a lot of force and loud noise 伴随着强大的力量和巨大的声响而突然爆炸 burst in/into　　　　 突然闯入　　　　　　　‎ burst into sth.＝ burst out doing sth.‎ ‎ 突然开始做……‎ burst sth.open 猛然打开 ‎①If you blow that balloon up any more，it will burst.如果你再吹那气球，它就要破了。‎ ‎②Hearing the news，she burst into tears.‎ 听到这个消息，她突然哭了起来。‎ ‎③She burst out laughing(laugh) at the joke.‎ 她听到那个笑话突然大笑起来。‎ ‎[解构长句难句]‎ ‎1．Millions of people watched that first moon landing on television，their hearts in their mouths，aware of how difficult and dangerous an adventure it was，and what risks had to be taken.‎ ‎【分析】　Millions of people watched that first...television为主干句；their ‎ hearts in their mouths为独立主格结构作伴随状语；aware of...为形容词短语作伴随状语；how difficult and dangerous an adventure it was和what risks had to be taken为and连接的两个并列的宾语从句作aware of的宾语。‎ ‎【翻译】　数以百万计的人们从电视上观看了首次登月，他们的心提到了嗓子眼，因为他们十分清楚这次是多么艰难多么危险，以及要冒多么大的风险。‎ ‎2．All three astronauts made it safely back to Earth，using a spaceship computer that was much less powerful than the ones used by the average school students today.‎ ‎【分析】　本句是一个复合句；主句是All three astronauts made it safely back to Earth；using a spaceship computer...是现在分词短语作状语，a spaceship computer后面是that引导的定语从句，其中used by the average school students today修饰the ones。‎ ‎【翻译】　三位宇航员都顺利返回地球，他们当年使用的计算机远不及现在普通学生使用的电脑高级。‎ ‎3．When I heard，a few weeks later，that the bodies of the astronauts and even the teacher's lesson plans had been found at the bottom of the ocean，I was not so sure it was worth it at all.‎ ‎【分析】　本句是一个复合句。主句是I was not so sure，其中sure后跟宾语从句；when引导时间状语从句，其中that引导的宾语从句作动词heard的宾语。‎ ‎【翻译】　几个星期后，当我听说那几位宇航员的遗体以及那位老师的教案在大洋底部被找到的时候，我不再肯定这一切是值得的。‎ ‎[随 堂 效 果 落 实]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．It is difficult to be patient(patience)when you are stuck in a traffic jam.‎ ‎2．English people are accustomed to driving(drive)on the left. ‎ ‎3．Recent years have witnessed(witness)the rapid development of the Internet and its influence on society and people.‎ ‎4．True happiness does not lie in the possession of money，but the joy of achievement.‎ ‎5．—Could we see each other at 3 o'clock this afternoon?‎ ‎—Sorry，let's make it another time.‎ ‎6．He is spending a year in advanced(advance)studies.‎ ‎7．I carry a spare tyre in the boot of the car in case one bursts(burst)．‎ ‎8．It is a congress of historic(history)significance.‎ ‎9．Her glasses broken(break), she couldn't see the words on the blackboard.‎ ‎10．The radio was tuned(tune)in to a classical station.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)‎ ‎1．I have become accustomed to get up early every morning.‎ get→getting ‎2．Who was the first man to set feet on the moon？‎ feet→foot ‎3．Whether permits，we'll have a picnic tomorrow.‎ permits→permitting ‎4．I'm not aware the importance of the meeting.‎ aware后加of ‎5．Mary burst into crying at the bad news.‎ into→out Ⅲ.完成句子 ‎1．他同我一样根本不适合当老师 He is no more fit to be a teacher than I am.‎ ‎2．又惊又喜地，记者离开了。‎ The journalist went off，surprised and happy．‎ ‎3．很多人不习惯没有手机的生活。‎ Many people are not accustomed to living without mobile phones.‎ ‎4．在这一学期的一开始，他就对英语表现出极大的兴趣。‎ At the very beginning of this term，he showed great interest in English.‎ ‎5．我们假定这种理论是正确的。‎ We assumed the theory to be correct.‎ Section Ⅲ　Grammar——名词性从句 ‎[语 境 自 主 领 悟]‎ ‎ 先观察原句 后自主感悟 ‎①What we find out from space research is important for us on Earth.‎ ‎②It's wellknown that the ancient Chinese invented the rocked.‎ ‎③We think it probable that he is dead.‎ ‎④The teacher showed us the controls of the spacecraft and explained how gravity worked.‎ ‎⑤They insisted that everyone (should) come to the party.‎ ‎⑥The proposal that we (should) import more equipment from abroad is to be discussed at the meeting.‎ ‎⑦I have no idea when she will be back.‎ ‎⑧The question remains whether they will be able to help us.‎ ‎⑨The problem is who we can get to replace her. ‎ ‎1.句①②为主语从句，句③④⑤为宾语从句，句⑥⑦为同位语从句，句⑧⑨为表语从句。‎ ‎2.句②③⑥⑧中的引导词为连接词，在从句中不作成分，句①⑨中的引导词为连接代词，句④⑦中的引导词为连接副词。‎ ‎3.句②③中使用了it作形式主语或形式宾语，而真正的主语从句或宾语从句后置。‎ ‎4.句⑤中的that可省略，其他句中的that一般不可省略。‎ ‎5.句⑤⑥中的从句使用了虚拟语气。‎ ‎[语 法 精 要 点 拨]‎ 名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。‎ 考点一　名词性从句的引导词 引导名词性从句的连接词分为三类：‎ ‎1．连词：that，whether，if ‎2．连接代词：what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，which ‎3．连接副词：when，where，how，why That she became an artist was due to her father's influence.‎ 她成为画家是受了她父亲的影响。‎ What we will do tomorrow depends on the weather.‎ 明天我们做什么得看天气。‎ When we arrive doesn't matter.‎ ‎ 我们什么时候到无关紧要。‎ Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.‎ 它是否对我们有害还有待观察。‎ ‎[名师点津]　‎ ‎(1)名词性从句中用陈述语序；‎ ‎(2)连词that，whether，if在句中只起连接作用，不充当句子成分；‎ ‎(3)连接代词和连接副词在句中充当句子成分。‎ ‎[即时演练1]　用适当的连接词填空 ‎①The village is where I was born.‎ ‎②Whoever comes to the party will be welcome.‎ ‎③What he said made me excited.‎ 考点二　主语从句 ‎1．作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。‎ Where the English evening party will be held has not yet been announced.‎ 还没有宣布英语晚会将在哪里举行。‎ ‎2．主语从句可以放在主句谓语动词之前，但有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。‎ It's a pity that he can't attend the meeting.‎ 他不能参加会议，真是遗憾。‎ It is possible that he may not be able to come.‎ 他可能不能来了。‎ It is said that she failed the exam.‎ 据说她考试不及格。‎ ‎[即时演练2]　用适当的连接词填空 ‎①What we actually need now is not a skirt but a new pair of shoes.‎ ‎②Whether it is true remains a question.‎ ‎③Has it been announced when the plane are to take off?‎ ‎④It is certain that she will do well in the exam.‎ 考点三　宾语从句 宾语从句在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语，另外，某些作表语的形容词，如sure，certain等之后也可以带宾语从句。‎ ‎1．由连词that引导的宾语从句 that引导表示陈述的宾语从句。连词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不充当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但在以下情况中不能省略：‎ ‎(1)当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他不能省略。‎ The teacher told the students (that) they should hand in their homework the next day and that the homework must be signed names by their parents.‎ 老师告诉学生他们要在第二天交上作业，并且作业必须由家长签名。‎ ‎(2)当it作形式宾语时。‎ She made it clear that it had nothing to do with her.‎ 她表明这件事和她没有任何关系。‎ ‎[名师点津]‎ 在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist，desire，request，command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后的宾语从句中谓语动词常用“(should＋)动词原形”。‎ I insist that she(should)do her work alone.‎ 我坚持要她自己工作。‎ ‎2．who，whom，which，whose，what，when，where，why，how，whoever，whatever，whichever等连接代词、连接副词引导的宾语从句相当于由特殊疑问句转化而来，但应注意句子要用陈述语序。‎ She will give whoever needs help a warm support.凡是需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。‎ ‎3．if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述语序。whether与if在作“是否”讲时，在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：‎ ‎(1)引导主语从句并在句首时；‎ ‎(2)引导表语从句和同位语从句时；‎ ‎(3)引导从句作介词宾语时；‎ ‎(4)后紧跟“or not”时；‎ ‎(5)后接动词不定式时。‎ Everything depends on whether we have enough money.‎ 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。‎ I wonder whether or not he will come.‎ 我想知道他来还是不来。‎ Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?‎ 你能告诉我是去还是留吗？‎ ‎4．宾语从句中的时态与主句时态的呼应 当主句动词是现在时时，从句应根据具体情况使用不同时态。当主句动词是过去时(could，would除外)时，从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时等；但当从句表示的是客观真理、科学原理、自然现象，则从句仍用一般现在时。‎ The teacher told us that Tom had left for America.老师告诉我们汤姆已经离开，去美国了。‎ The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.老师说地球绕着太阳转。‎ ‎5．否定转移 当think，believe，suppose，expect，fancy，imagine等动词的主语为第一人称，且本身为一般现在时时其后的宾语从句的否定词通常转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。其反意疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。‎ I don't believe he'll come.我想他是不会来的。‎ ‎6．可以用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句 ‎(1)动词find，feel，consider，make，believe，think等后面有宾语补足语的时候，则需要用it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。‎ I think it necessary that we(should)take plenty of hot water every day.‎ 我认为每天多喝热水是有必要的。‎ ‎(2)有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语从句前加it。这类动词(词组)主要有：hate，take，owe，have，see to。‎ He will have it that our plan is really practical.‎ 他会认为我们的计划确实可行。‎ We take it that you will agree with us.‎ 我们认为你会同意我们的。‎ ‎[即时演练3]　用适当的连接词填空 ‎①Everything depends on whether we have enough money.‎ ‎②She always thinks of how she can work well.‎ ‎③I don't believe that man was killed by Jim，was he?‎ ‎④I feel it a pity that I haven't been to the gettogether.‎ ‎⑤I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.‎ 考点四　表语从句 表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。引导表语从句的连接词有wh疑问词，whether，that，because，as，as if，as though等。‎ The fact is that we have lost the game.‎ 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。‎ That's just what I want.‎ 那正是我想要的。‎ It's just because he doesn't know her.‎ 这只是因为他不认识她。‎ ‎[名师点津]‎ ‎①当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导。②表示“建议、要求、命令”等的名词，如suggestion，advice，recommendation，proposal，demand，requirement，request，order等后面的表语从句中，谓语用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。‎ ‎③在seem，look，feel，smell，sound，taste等动词后的as if或as though引导的表语从句中，若从句表示一种假设或与事实不符的情况，从句须用虚拟语气。‎ I felt as if my head were splitting.‎ 我觉得头仿佛要裂开似的。‎ ‎[即时演练4]　用适当的连接词填空 ‎①The question is whether we should accept their invitation.‎ ‎②This is why we put off the meeting.‎ ‎③It looks as if it is going to rain.‎ ‎④My hometown is no longer what it used to be.‎ 考点五　同位语从句 ‎1．同位语从句一般跟在某些表抽象概念的名词后面，用以说明名词所表示的具体内容。可跟同位语从句的名词通常有advice，demand，doubt，fact，hope，idea，information，message，news，order，problem，promise，question，request，suggestion，truth，wish，word(消息)等。‎ The news that we won the game is exciting.‎ 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。‎ I have no idea when he will come back home.‎ 我不知道他什么时候回家。‎ ‎2．但是当作主语的名词后跟同位语从句，且谓语较短时，为了保持句式平衡，常将同位语从句置于谓语之后。‎ The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.‎ 他想到玛丽可能生病了。‎ ‎[名师点津]‎ 同位语从句和定语从句的区别 ‎(1)定语从句是先行词的修饰语，对先行词进行修饰或限定，但它不涉及先行词的具体内容。that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，并在从句中充当句子成分(主语或宾语)，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；‎ ‎(2)同位语从句表明中心词的具体内容。that引导同位语从句时，只起连接作用，没有具体词义，在从句中不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。‎ 试比较下面两个例句：‎ I had no idea that you were here.(that引导同位语从句，表明idea的具体内容，不能省略)我不知道你在这里。‎ Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？(that引导定语从句，修饰先行词idea，在从句中充当宾语，可以省略)‎ 你了解这本书中所展示的古希腊生活吗？‎ ‎[即时演练5]　指出下列句中黑体部分是同位语从句还是定语从句 ‎1．The question whether we need it has not been considered.‎ 同位语从句 ‎2．The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.‎ 同位语从句 ‎3．The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.‎ 定语从句 ‎[语 法 应 用 落 实]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.‎ ‎2．The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely free from dust.‎ ‎3．The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.‎ ‎4．It is suggested that physical education test should be included as part of the National College Entrance Exam. ‎ ‎5．Mr. Frank asked me a question whether I could go with him to what he called the Treasure House.‎ ‎6．Whoever breaks the rules will be punished.‎ ‎7．What we fear when traveling in summer is the sudden change of weather.‎ ‎8．The reason why you didn't pass the driving test was that you didn't practice it hard.‎ ‎9．I was horrified to hear about how she had been treated in prison.‎ ‎10．Today I am talking about whether the government should spend more money discovering and protecting cultural relics.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)‎ ‎1．He made clear that he was in favour of my plan.‎ 在made后加it ‎2．He demanded that the work will be finished within 2 hours.‎ will→should ‎3．If I shall go to Hong Kong or not tomorrow hasn't been decided.‎ If→whether ‎4．He said he has lived in the city for 20 years.‎ has→had ‎5．Who breaks the window will be punished.‎ Who→Whoever ‎6．How could he deny the fact he had stolen the money？‎ fact后加that ‎7．I have no idea how she accepted the job offer because she said she didn't like it.‎ how→why ‎8．I think that necessary to learn English well.‎ that→it ‎9．He treats the orphan very well as if she is his own daughter.‎ is→were ‎10．I hate when it rains all day long.‎ hate后加it Section Ⅳ　Language Points(Ⅱ)‎ ‎(Integrating Skills & Cultural Corner)‎ ‎[教 材 语 篇 细 研]‎ Ⅰ.细读P64教材课文，判断正(T)误(F)‎ ‎1．The task of the probe was to explore the planet Saturn and its rings and moons. (T)‎ ‎2．Titan is believed to be the only moon with liquid on the surface in the solar system. (F)‎ ‎3．The images of Titan and Phoebe look like those of the Earth and the Moon.‎ ‎ (T)‎ Ⅱ.细读P67教材课文，选择最佳答案 ‎1．What does “in random order” mean?‎ A．Something not in a logical order.‎ B．Things not in the order in which they happened.‎ C．Something in a complicated way.‎ D．Doing something rapidly.‎ ‎2．Luke escapes the latter's grasp means ．‎ A．Luke is successfully turned to the Dark Side B．Luke escapes from the Emperor C．The passage describes how the Force reflects concepts from Greek，Roman and Chinese folk stories and philosophy.‎ D．The passage talks about the conflict between the evil Empire and the Rebel Alliance.‎ ‎【答案】　1－2　BC Ⅲ.细读P69教材课文，判断正(T)误(F)‎ ‎1．The War of the Worlds is the most important novel in the history of science fiction. (T)‎ ‎2．Welles set a panic across England by broadcasting the radio drama of The War of the Worlds. (F)‎ ‎3．The War of the Worlds will be remembered as a piece of broadcasting history.‎ ‎ (T)‎ ‎[语 言 基 础 自 测]‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词 ‎1．She swore (发誓) that she'd never seen him.‎ ‎2．He foresaw(预见) that the job would take a long time.‎ ‎3．China has made a breakthrough in many fields in the past decades(几十年)．‎ ‎4．Warnings about the danger of smoking seem to have no impact on teens.‎ ‎5．How dare you accuse me of lying?‎ ‎6．To my relief，the difficulties were all overcome.‎ Ⅱ.拓展词汇 ‎1．relieve v．减轻，缓解→relief n．安慰；宽慰 ‎2．divide v．把……分割→division n．部分，分割 ‎3．devote v．把……奉献(给……)→devoted adj.忠诚的；忠实的→devotion n．奉献，忠诚 ‎4．drama n．戏剧→dramatic adj.戏剧性的；给人深刻印象的→dramatically adv. 戏剧性地 Ⅲ.补全短语 根据提示补全下列短语 ‎1．depend on/upon　　　 依赖，取决于 ‎2．accuse sb.of doing sth. 指责某人做某事 ‎3．to one's great relief 使某人感到非常宽慰的是 ‎4．be consistent with 与……一致，符合 ‎5．be similar to 与……相似的 ‎6．set out 开始做；着手进行 Ⅳ.选词填空 选用上述短语的适当形式填空 ‎1．To my great relief，I passed the driving test at last.‎ ‎2．You can depend on him to help you with your English.‎ ‎3．What we do must be consistent with what we say.‎ ‎4．Three college students were accused of causing the accident on purpose and sentenced to two years in prison.‎ ‎5．Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It's because mine is similar to yours.‎ Ⅴ.经典句式必背 ‎1....little did he know what impact he was going to make.‎ ‎……他根本不知道他将要造成多大的轰动。‎ ‎[记句式结构]‎ little置于句首引起的部分倒装。‎ ‎[仿写促落实]‎ Little did he care about his own safety，though he was in great danger himself.尽管他身处巨大的危险中，但却很少关心自己的安危。‎ ‎2．Incredible as it may seem，both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption that...‎ 尽管看起来不可思议，但科学观测以及我们肉眼看到的证据都必然会让我们做出一个设想……‎ ‎[记句式结构]‎ as引导的让步状语从句。‎ ‎[仿写促落实]‎ Child as he is，he knows a lot.尽管是个孩子，他懂得却很多。‎ ‎3．One 13yearold boy was doing his homework when he heard the first newsflash of the invasion.‎ 一名13岁的小男孩正在做家庭作业时，他听到了有关入侵的第一次新闻快讯。‎ ‎[记句式结构]‎ be doing sth.when...“正在做某事这时……”‎ ‎[仿写促落实]‎ I was walking in the park when I noticed a little rabbit running through the grass.我正在公园里散步，突然看到一只小兔子跑过了草坪。‎ ‎[核 心 要 点 探 究]‎ ‎ view vt.看；观察 n．观看；视野；景色；风景；看法；见解 ‎(教材P64)The CassiniHuygens space probe，which reached Saturn last week，has sent back amazing photographs of the planet's famous rings viewed in ultraviolet light.上周到达土星的“卡西尼•惠更斯”号航天探测器发回了著名的土星光环的照片，这些令人惊奇的照片是在紫外线下拍摄的。‎ ‎①He viewed the truth through an opening.‎ 他通过缝隙看见了真相。‎ ‎(1)in view　 在视野中 in view of 鉴于；考虑到 in one's view 在某人看来 ‎(2)come into view 看得见 have a good view of 清楚地看到；饱览 take/hold the view that... 持……的观点 ‎(3)view...as... 把……看作……‎ ‎②In view of our longstanding relationship，we agree to allow you a discount.‎ 考虑到我们长期的关系，我方同意给你方折扣。‎ ‎③Just as one train departs another comes into view.‎ 一列火车刚刚离开，另外一列就进入了视野。‎ ‎ acknowledge v．承认；认为；感谢；‎ 向……打招呼；告知收到 ‎(教材P67)It is now acknowledged by the movie industry as the most successful film series ever.现在，它被电影业公认为是最成功的电影系列。‎ ‎(1)acknowledge...as/to be... 认为……是……‎ acknowledge sth. 承认某事 acknowledge that... 承认……‎ ‎(2)It is universally acknowledged that...‎ ‎ ……是大家公认的 ‎①By November 1914，the government was forced to acknowledge that its policy had failed.直到1914年11月政府才被迫承认自己的政策失败了。‎ ‎②He is generally acknowledged as one of the finest poets in the world.‎ 他是世界上公认的最优秀的诗人之一。‎ ‎③It is acknowledged (acknowledge) that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.‎ 人们认为应该从综合素质的角度来评估学生。‎ ‎ accuse sb.of doing sth.指责某人做某事 ‎(教材P67)He accuses Darth Vader of killing his father，so he trains to become a Jedi knight and swears to avenge his loss.‎ 他指责达斯•维德杀死了自己的父亲，因此他把自己训练成一名杰迪武士并发誓要为自己的损失报仇。‎ ‎[明辨异同]　accuse/charge accuse vt.指控，控告，指责，普通用词，正式或非正式场合，私人或法律上均可用。被指控的情节可轻可重。accuse sb.of(doing)sth.指责某人(做)某事。‎ charge vt.指控，常与accuse换用，但charge多指较严重的错误或罪行，而且往往向法庭提出正式起诉。charge sb.with sth.以某事指控某人；(尤指在法庭上)控告某人。‎ ‎①He accused me of taking his money.他指责我拿了他的钱。‎ ‎②They charged him with theft.他们指控他盗窃。‎ ‎ relief n．[C & U ]安慰；宽慰；减轻；消除 ‎(教材P67)Instead，to his great relief，he achieves glory by turning his father back to the Light Side，while the divisions of the Rebel Alliance fleet fights the battle for the airspace over the motherland，and wins the war.相反，让他欣喜的是他通过把他的父亲拉回到正义一方而获得了荣誉，同时反抗者联盟师正在为保卫祖国领空而战，并且取得了胜利。‎ ‎(1)to one's great relief/much to one's relief ‎　　　　 令某人非常宽慰的是 ‎(2)relieve vt. 使轻松(宽慰)；缓解；免除，解除 relieve sb.of sth. 免除某人某物；解除某人职务；‎ ‎ 帮助某人减轻负担 ‎①I breathed sigh of relief．我如释重负地松了一口气。‎ ‎②To his great relief，his son was saved.‎ 令他非常宽慰的是，他儿子得救了。‎ ‎③Exercise can relieve you of your pressure.‎ 运动可以缓解你的压力。‎ ‎ consistent adj.一致的；吻合的 ‎(教材P67)This is consistent with many religious faiths，which stress rational thought，personal dignity and a devotion to praying for holy understanding...‎ 这与许多宗教信仰是一致的，即强调理性思考、个人尊严以及专注于祈求上帝的理解……‎ ‎(1)be consistent with...　　 与……一致 be consistent in... 在……方面始终如一 ‎(2)consistently adv. 一贯地，始终不变地 ‎①The statement is not consistent with what you said at yesterday's meeting.‎ 这个说法与你昨天会上的发言不相符。‎ ‎②I have been consistent in my approach over the years.我的方法多年来一直保持不变。‎ ‎ consult v．咨询；请教；查阅；商议 ‎(教材P67)Many true Taoist masters eventually become supreme beings，similar to ObiWan and Yoda who Luke，as their scholar，consults for their teaching and advice.‎ 很多得到道教真传的人最终成为举足轻重的人物，就像欧比旺和尤达，作为他们的学生，卢克曾向他们请教学问和询求建议。‎ ‎(1)consult sb./sth.(about sth.) (为获取资料、得到指点等)请教(别 ‎ 人)；查阅(书)等 consult with sb.(about sth.) 与某人商量(事情)；与某人磋商 consult a map/the dictionary/one's notebook ‎ 查阅地图/字典/某人的笔记 ‎(2)consultant n. 顾问 ‎①If you have any doubts about your health, you'd better consult your doctor at once.你如果对自己的健康有任何疑问，最好马上咨询你的医生。‎ ‎②He consulted his lawyer about it.‎ 他向他的律师咨询那件事。‎ ‎③He has to consult with his parents about going abroad.‎ 他必须和父母商量一下出国的事。‎ ‎ (教材P69)But when，in 1938，the American actor and director，Orson Welles set a radio drama of The War of the Worlds in the real life New Jersey town of Grover's Mill，little did he know what impact he was going to make.‎ 但是1938年当这位美国演员兼导演奥森•韦尔斯以新泽西的格罗弗磨房镇真实生活场景为背景播出广播剧《世界之战》时，他根本不知道他将要造成多大的轰动。‎ ‎【要点提炼】　little did he know...的语序为倒装语序。‎ 当表示否定的词或短语，如little，never，not，seldom，hardly，at no time，in no case，by no means等置于句首时，句子应部分倒装，将助动词提到主语前。‎ ‎①Hardly had she sat down when she heard someone knocking at the door.‎ 她还没来得及坐下来，就听见有人敲门。‎ ‎②Not until twelve o'clock did he go to bed last night.‎ 他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。‎ ‎[解构长句难句]‎ Incredible as it may seem，both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption that those strange beings who landed in the New Jersey farmlands tonight are the vanguard of an invading army from the planet Mars.‎ ‎【分析】　本句为主从复合句，incredible as it may seem是由as引导的让步状语从句；主句中that引导同位语从句，同位语从句中又含有who引导的定语从句。as引导让步状语从句时，从句须倒装：名词(无冠词)/形容词/副词/动词原形＋as＋主语＋谓语。‎ ‎【翻译】　尽管看起来不可思议，但科学观测以及我们肉眼看到的证据都必然会让我们做出一个设想，那就是今晚降落在新泽西农场的怪物就是来自火星入侵部队的先导。‎ ‎[随 堂 效 果 落 实]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．He is arguably (argue) the best actor of his generation.‎ ‎2．He was commander in chief during the invasion (invade) of Panama.‎ ‎3．Dr Subrolo questioned the scientific assumption(assume) on which the global warming theory was based.‎ ‎4．I'm sure he says these things deliberately (deliberate) to annoy me.‎ ‎5．Michael Jordan is widely acknowledged (acknowledge) to be one of the best basketball players in the world.‎ ‎6．People showed mercy to the old man accused (accuse) of stealing，but in fact he didn't do it.‎ ‎7．You need think twice about the job offer because the job requires considerable ‎ commitments (commit)．‎ ‎8．The soldiers will be remembered forever for their devotion(devote) to their motherland.‎ ‎9．Much to my relief (relieve)，the car was not damaged.‎ ‎10．Viewed(view) from a distance，the mountain looked like a lion，as a result of which it got its name. ‎ Ⅲ.完成句子(每小题仅有1处错误)‎ ‎1．直到他苏醒我才离开医院。‎ Not until he came to life did I leave the hospital.‎ ‎2．大家都认为狗的嗅觉敏锐。‎ It is universally acknowledged that dogs have an acute sense of smell.‎ ‎3．一到山坡，我们就开始植树。‎ We set out to plant tress instantly we arrived at the hillside.‎ ‎4．一天，我们正在地里干活，突然有个小男孩哭着喊救命。 ‎ One day，we were working in the field when a boy cried for help.‎ ‎5．她的助手被警方指控偷窃和诈骗。‎ Her assistant was accused of theft and fraud by the police.‎ Section Ⅴ　Writing——如何写新闻报道类文章 ‎[写作技法指导]‎ ‎[文体指导]‎ 本模块的写作项目是新闻报道类的文章，新闻报道类文章的写作要求我们对新闻事件进行报道，它通常有比较固定的格式。‎ 一、基本框架：‎ ‎1．提炼好新闻标题：标题是新闻报道的灵魂和精华。新闻标题既要把最吸引人的地方体现出来，又要做到言简意赅、直击主题。‎ ‎2．写好新闻导语：新闻导语是新闻报道开头的第一句话，它一般是对整个报道的一个概括。‎ ‎3．详述新闻事件的过程：写完导语后，文章接下来要按照事件发展的时间顺序具体阐述导语中的相关信息，形成对导语的有力支持。‎ ‎4．对事件进行必要的评论：根据写作的需要可对新闻事件进行简要的评论，以达到深化主题，给读者留下深刻印象的目的。‎ 二、注意事项 ‎1．新闻报道要主题突出，文字精练。一篇新闻通常报道一件事，说明一个问题，要用事实说话。‎ ‎2．内容要新颖。新闻报道有较强的时效性，要贴近时代，能反映社会、科学、政治、经济、文化、生活等方面的最新动态。‎ ‎3．主体部分用过去时态，局部也可根据需要采用其他时态。‎ ‎[亮点句式]‎ ‎1．I'd like to say something about...‎ ‎2．Here is a breathtaking event of our school that happened this week.‎ ‎3．In our top story，we'll take a look at the ongoing criminal investigation.‎ ‎4．This is Jill，reporting live at the White House.‎ ‎5．Let's hear from John，who's reporting live at the scene.‎ ‎6．It was apparent that...‎ ‎7．The people around hurried to call the police.‎ ‎8．He finished first in the race.‎ ‎9．It happened that...‎ ‎10．There is good evidence that...‎ ‎11．There is no doubt that...‎ ‎[满分佳作构建]‎ ‎[写作任务]‎ 根据课本所提供的材料信息，就假设的一艘太空船登陆火星的情况，写一篇新闻报道。‎ 要求：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎[审题谋篇]‎ 体裁 新闻报道 时态 一般过去时为主 主题 太空船登陆火星 人称 第三人称 结构 第一部分：开篇新闻导语——太空船成功登陆火星 第二部分：详细叙述太空船登陆火星的过程 第三部分：对事件进行必要的评论。‎ ‎[遣词造句]‎ Ⅰ.对接模块词汇 ‎1．announce　　　　 宣布 ‎2．land on 着陆 ‎3．set foot on 踏上 ‎4．incredible 难以置信的 ‎5．sample 样本 ‎6．analysis 分析 Ⅱ.巧用模块句式、语法 ‎1．当他谈到地面上的任务控制时，他说道“真不可思议！”‎ ‎“It's really incredible，”he said when he talked to mission control from the planet.(用分词作状语合并句子)‎ ‎“It's really incredible，”he said，talking to mission control from the planet.‎ ‎2．然而，他继续说，在火星上行走，要比在撒哈拉沙漠行走容易得多，尽管从前他一直在那儿培训。‎ However，he went on to say that it was much easier to walk on Mars than to walk on the Sahara Desert. He had been training there.(用定语从句合并句子) ‎ However，he went on to say that it was much easier to walk on Mars than to walk on the Sahara Desert where he had been training.‎ ‎[妙笔成篇]‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【参考范文】　‎ The British Space Authority last night announced that its mission to land a man on Mars had been successful.‎ The Red Rover module left the mother ship called Red Queen at 10 p．m.，and landed safely on the surface of the red planet at six o'clock this morning. Major Peter Brown set foot on the surface of Mars an hour later.“It's really incredible，”he said，talking to mission control from the planet. However，he went on to say that it was much easier to walk on Mars than to walk on the Sahara Desert where he had been training. They will be staying on the planet for a week. Part of their mission is to do research into the nature of the surface of Mars. They will be bringing samples of rock home for analysis.‎ The BSA is hoping to send two missions to Mars in the next five years.‎