2019届二轮复习阅读理解词义猜测方法技巧课件（17张）

2019届二轮复习阅读理解词义猜测方法技巧课件（17张）

　　解猜测词义题的方法有很多,如利用上下文的同义词或反义词、释 义、例子、逻辑关系以及句子结构等。无论使用哪种方法考生都需清 楚以下几点:1.一道猜测词义题未必只对应一种方法,利用上下文语境选 取一个或几个解题方法是做题的关键,有时可以用构词法或代入法辅助 确认所选答案是否合理;2.猜测词义题的目的不是检验考生对某个词语 的认知,重要的是搞清楚它所处的句子要表达什么意思;3.不要只关注被 猜测的词语所在的半句话或一句话,要以此句为中心,前后看一至两句, 有的时候甚至要弄清楚整段话的主旨。 2019 届二轮复习阅读理解词义猜测方法技巧 一、猜测单词或短语 例1 　Which of the following best explains“dominant”underlined in paragraph 2? A.Complex.　　B.Advanced. C.Powerful.　　D.Modern. (原文) Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation- state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globali- sation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. 分析 　解此题的关键在于利用前后两个分句的逻辑关系和such as后面 的例子,前面主要阐述了近些年全球化等因素造成很多语言消失,domi- nant前的and表示递进或顺承,所以我们可以推测and后面告诉了我们 dominant languages取代那些消失了的语言,为什么dominant languages 就能取代那些消失了的语言呢?我们看such as后面举出的语言就会发 现,说英语、西班牙语和中文的人数量是非常多的,所以我们可以推断, 一些“占优势的、强大的”语言由于全球化等因素的影响越来越流行, 那么有些不占优势的、说的人少的语言就会慢慢消失,因此选择C项。 例2 　The underlined phrase “converge on” in Paragraph 3 probably means 　　     . A.tend towards　　B.refer to C.turn into　　D.put forward (原文) The new reports stress that humans hold no copyright on sound wisdom, and that a number of non-human animals produce what can rightly be called music, rather than random sounds. Recent in-depth analyses of the songs sung by humpback whales show that, even when their organ would allow them to do otherwise, the animals converge on the same choices re- lating to sounds and beauty, and accept the same laws of song composition as those preferred by human musicians, and human ears, everywhere. 分析 　此题需要抓住全段主旨,并且梳理出段中句与句之间的逻辑关 系。本段的主旨句是第一句,在主旨句中强调了动物和人类一样都是可 以创造出优美的音乐的。后面的句子是对主旨句的进一步阐述,在意思 上是一致的,既然主旨句强调不是只有人类才能创造出音乐,动物也可 以,那我们就可以推测converge on后面的the same choices和the same laws of song composition指动物和人类在创造音乐时有很多共同点,那 么动物就应该“倾向于”做出同样的选择,所以选择A项。 例 3 　 The underlined part “abstain from” in Paragraph 3 probably means 　　     . A.avoid 　　 B.practice C.continue 　　 D.try (原文) For the study, 12 young men were shown videos, which meant to bring about a variety of emotions, while researchers gathered sweat samples from them. All of the men were healthy and none of them were drug users or smokers, and all were asked to abstain from drinking or eating smelly foods during the study period. 分析 　此题需要考生利用最后一句前后两个分句的逻辑关系解题,前半 句提到所有人都是健康的并且不吸毒、不吸烟,那么and后面就应该在 意思上与前半句一致,因此可以判断出后半句中的喝酒或吃有臭味的东 西也是不可以的,故选择A项。 二、猜测代词 例1 　What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A.Not eating food. B.Taking a meal. C.Not sleeping well. D.Having a good sleep. (原文) According to Phil Atherton, not eating a large meal before bedtime is im- portant for getting a good night