【英语】2018届二轮复习名词性从句（有解析）学案（13页）

【英语】2018届二轮复习名词性从句（有解析）学案（13页）

‎2018届二轮复习 名词性从句 ‎ 一　主语从句 ‎1．引导主语从句的连接词：从属连词that，whether/if连接代词what，who，whom，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等；连接副词when，where，why，how，whenever等。‎ ‎①That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial similarity between them.从她们的面貌相似度就能清楚地看出她们真是亲姐妹。‎ ‎②What struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.‎ 影片中最打动我的是父亲对他儿子深深的爱。‎ ‎2．主语从句一般放在句首，但有时也可用it作形式主语，而将主语从句移到句子的末尾。常见的句型：‎ ‎(1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/uncertain等)＋that从句 ‎(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/shame/no wonder/no surprise等)＋that从句 ‎(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/reported/decided/believed等)＋that从句 ‎(4)It＋不及物动词(seem，appear，happen等)＋that从句 ‎①It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it.‎ 尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。‎ ‎②It's no surprise that our team has won the game.‎ 我们队获胜一点都不令人吃惊。‎ ‎③It is decided that the meeting will be put off till next Monday.‎ 会议被推迟到下周一召开已经定下来了。‎ 考点二　宾语从句 ‎1．引导宾语从句的连接词：从属连词that，whether，if；连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等；连接副词when，where，why，how等；从句用陈述语序。‎ ‎①(2016·浙江高考)Nobody entering a university knows exactly what they want to study.‎ 进入大学的人中，没有人确切知道他们想学什么。‎ ‎②We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.‎ 我们许诺，任何参加这个聚会的人都有跟那个电影明星合影的机会。‎ ‎③(2015·北京高考·单项填空)I truly believe that beauty comes from within.‎ 我确信美来自内在。‎ ‎④(2015·重庆高考·单项填空)We must find out when Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him.‎ 我们必须弄清楚卡尔什么时候来，以便我们可以为他预订房间。‎ ‎2．it作形式宾语的宾语从句 ‎(1)一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有：find，feel，think，consider，believe，guess，suppose，make等。‎ He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.‎ 他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。‎ ‎(2)动词hate，like，dislike，appreciate，enjoy等表示“喜欢”、“厌恶”的动词以及一些动词短语see to，depend on，rely on等常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。‎ I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.‎ 你不在的时候，我会确保把他照顾好。‎ 考点三　表语从句 ‎1．引导表语从句的连接词：从属连词that，whether；连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等；连接副词when，where，why，how等；从句用陈述语序。‎ ‎①Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently.‎ 杰里不后悔给出评论，但是觉得自己本来可以用不同的方法来表达的。‎ ‎②I'd like to start my own business－that's what I'd do if I had the money.‎ 我愿意自己创业——那就是如果我有钱将会做的事情。‎ ‎2．as if/as though引导的表语从句 as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在be动词，seem，look，taste，sound，feel，appear等动词之后。‎ The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.‎ 浓雾覆盖着整座城市。好像把一个巨大的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。‎ ‎3．because，why引导的表语从句 because，why也可引导表语从句，但because引导的表语从句，主语不能是reason或cause(该结构常用that引导)。常用于以下句型：‎ ‎①From space，the earth looks blue.This is because about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water.‎ 从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面大约71%被水覆盖。‎ ‎②The reason why he didn't pass the exam was that he was too careless.‎ 他没有通过考试的原因是他太粗心了。‎ 考点四　同位语从句 同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，位于该名词之后，用以说明该名词的具体内容。‎ ‎1．常见的后跟同位语从句的名词有：‎ advice建议 conclusion结论 demand要求 doubt怀疑 fact事实 hope希望 idea主意 information信息 message消息 news消息 order命令 possibility可能性 promise诺言 question问题 request请求 suggestion建议 thought想法 plan计划 ‎①I made a promise to myself that this year，my first year in high school，would be different.‎ 我对自己承诺：今年，我高中的第一年，会有所不同。‎ ‎②(2016·天津高考)The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.‎ 经理提出了我们应当有一位助手的建议。要做的事情太多了。‎ ‎2．引导同位语从句的连接词有：that，whether，how，where，when，why等。‎ ‎①Evidence has been found through years of study that children's early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.‎ 通过多年的研究发现：有证据表明孩子的早期睡眠问题很有可能会随着他们的成长继续下去。‎ ‎②She asked a question why there was a delay.‎ 她问了发生延误的原因。‎ ‎③I have no idea when he will come back home.‎ 我不知道他什么时候回家。‎ ‎[名师点津]　在同位语从句中，that，whether不作句子成分。that无实义，whether意为“是否”，if一般不引导同位语从句。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不能省略。‎ ‎[易错警示]　引导名词性从句时，that没有词义，在从句中不作任何成分。当从句意义完整，不缺任何成分时，往往选用that；而what引导名词性从句时，意为“什么”或“……的”，在从句中用来作主语、表语或宾语。‎ 核心考点针对练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2017·凉山州二次诊断)The happiest people enjoy each age gives them.‎ ‎2．(2017·常德模拟)Only you know is best for you.‎ ‎3．(2017·山西重点中学协作体二模)My mother knew where we were at all times.She knew our friends were.‎ ‎4．(2017·中原名校模拟)I had no idea of a stage manager actually did.‎ ‎5．(2017·安庆模拟)Experts aren't still sure exactly how dreams work，but what is certain is they are necessary for our mental health and that everyone has dreams.‎ ‎6．(2017·海淀一模) astonishes us is that AlphaGo defeated the human champion.‎ ‎7．(2017·银川一中一模)They often think that their parents are out of touch with modern ways， they are too serious and too strict with their children，and that they seldom give their children freedom.‎ ‎8．(2017·温州十校联考)When you are reading，make a note of you think is of great importance.‎ ‎9．(2017·瑞安四校联考)His writing is so confusing that it's difficult to make out ‎ it is that he is trying to express.‎ ‎10．(2017·艾青中学质检)If you are going to kill the snake，you have to get close to the head is and cut it off.‎ ‎【答案】　‎ ‎1．what/whatever　[句意：最幸福的人们享受每个年龄赋予他们的(任何)东西。“ each age gives them”为宾语从句，该从句缺少宾语，且设空处表示“物”，故用what或whatever引导。]‎ ‎2．what　[句意：只有你知道什么对你来说是最好的。“ is best for you”为宾语从句，该从句缺少主语，且设空处指“物”，故用what引导。]‎ ‎3．who/where　[句意：我母亲总是知道我们在哪里。她知道我们的朋友是谁/在哪里。根据句意可知设空处在宾语从句中作表语，设空处表示身份或地点，故用who或where引导。]‎ ‎4．what　[句意：我不知道舞台经理实际要做些什么。“ a stage manager actually did”为宾语从句，该从句缺少宾语，且设空处指“事物”，故用what引导。]‎ ‎5．that　[句意：专家们还不能确切地知道梦的作用，但是肯定的是梦对精神健康是必要的，每个人都做梦。该表语从句中不缺任何成分，故用that引导。]‎ ‎6．What　[句意：让我们感到震惊的是机器人AlphaGo打败了真人冠军。“ astonishes us”为主语从句，该从句缺少主语且表示“物”，故用what引导。]‎ ‎7．that　[句意：他们经常认为自己的父母不了解现代生活方式，他们对自己的孩子太严肃、太严格，他们很少给孩子们自由。考查宾语从句，分析结构可知此处是三个that引导的并列的宾语从句。]‎ ‎8．what　[句意：当你读书时，要把你认为很重要的东西记下来。make a note of做……的笔记。“ you think is of geat importance”为宾语从句，该宾语从句中缺少主语且表示“事物”，故答案为what。]‎ ‎9．what　[句意：他的文章那么不清楚以至于很难辨别他在表达什么意思。“ it is that he is trying to express”为宾语从句。该从句采用了强调句型，从句中缺少宾语且设空处表示“事物”，故答案为what。]‎ ‎10．where　[句意：如果你想杀死蛇，你得接近蛇头 并将其砍断。宾语从句中缺少地点状语，故答案为where。]‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．What honesty is more important than money is true.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2．They made a promise which they would come again to see the elderly whenever they were free.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3．That he said so many years ago is still true today in the age of information.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4．The problem is if we will go there by train.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5．I wonder if or not we should make it clear that we've lost this game.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】　‎ ‎1．What→That　[that引导主语从句时，不充当成分，没有意义，但不能省略；what引导名词性从句时，从句通常缺少主语或宾语。由于此处从句不缺少成分，且意义完整，因此把What改为That。句意：诚实比金钱更重要是真的。]‎ ‎2．which→that　[句意：他们许诺，无论什么时间只要他们有空，就将再来看望这些老人。此处应用that引导同位语从句，解释说明“a promise”的内容。]‎ ‎3．That→What　[句意：他许多年前说过的话在如今这个信息时代仍然正确。根据句子结构来判断，此处是一个主语从句，从句中said缺少宾语，所以要用what引导主语从句，且在从句中作宾语；而that只起连接作用，没有任何意义。]‎ ‎4．if→whether　[句意：问题是我们是否要坐火车去那里。此处是一个表语从句，引导表语从句不能用if，故把if改为whether。]‎ ‎5．if→whether　[表示“是否”意义的连接词有whether和if，whether可以和or not连用，而if则不可。因此把if改为whether。]‎ 高考题型综合练 Ⅰ.语法填空 A mason(泥瓦匠)working on a Kansas university stadium found 1 88yearold handwritten note，which gives a glimpse into the lives of workers in 1928.The mason found the note in a tobacco can while 2 (replace)stones.‎ It is discovered that the five authors 3 (write)the note on Feb.2，1928， 4 (hope)the letter would be found someday in the future，perhaps after they died.The nearly 100word message ‎ explains that masons made $10 per day and other workers made $ 3.20 per day.It also expresses the hope 5 “things will be better”for the working men in the future.‎ The document will be sent to a museum for cleaning and 6 (protect)covering.There aren't plans 7 (display)the document at the moment，but it could 8 (possible)be displayed in the stadium when the project is completed.“It is possible that the note will be either exhibited as the original item 9 it will be digitized and we can put a copy out so the light doesn't cause the letter to fade worse，”Hight said.The project manager of Kansas State，Jeremy Sharp，says that the stadium 10 (build)in 1922，and the eastern wall was constructed in 1928.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　一个泥瓦匠在美国堪萨斯州的一所大学的体育场维修墙壁时，发现了一张写于1928年的纸条，这使我们对那时工人的生活状况有所了解。‎ ‎1．an　[考查不定冠词的用法。空格后的中心词为名词note，为单数形式，故此处应填冠词，又因为数字88的发音是以元音音素开头的，所以应用an。]‎ ‎2．replacing　[考查非谓语动词。本句在连词while之后，填现在分词replacing，此处是省略，将其补全应为while he was replacing stones。]‎ ‎3．wrote　[考查谓语动词的时态。根据句中的时间状语“on Feb.2，1928”可知，本句应用一般过去时，‎ 因此填write的过去式wrote。]‎ ‎4．hoping　[考查非谓语动词。五个泥瓦匠写了这张纸条。他们希望将来在他们死后，这张纸条被人们发现。根据语境可知此处表示伴随，故用动词ing形式。]‎ ‎5．that　[考查同位语从句。本句跟在名词hope之后，解释了它的内容，从句不缺少句子成分，因此填连词that。]‎ ‎6．protective　[考查词性转换。本句中两个动名词cleaning和covering并列。本空在动名词之前，因此应填形容词protective“防护的，保护的”。]‎ ‎7．to display　[考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，本空应填动词不定式to display作定语，表示展示这一纸条的计划。]‎ ‎8．possibly　[考查词性转换。本空在情态动词之后，实义动词之前，应填副词possibly“可能”，作状语。]‎ ‎9．or　[考查逻辑关系。句中的either暗示前后两个句子之间为选择关系，因此填连词or。either...or...“或者……或者……”。]‎ ‎10．was built　[考查动词的时态和语态。根据句中的时间状语in 1922可知，本句应用一般过去时。the stadium和build之间为动宾关系，故应用被动语态。] ‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 ‎ I am a quiet person，and I felt very nervous when my teacher ‎ asks me a question.‎ Three years before，when I began my senior high school，I found it extreme difficult to learn English well.That was because there were so many new words and grammar rule.When I didn't understand them，I didn't dare to ask for my teachers and classmates.However，my mother always encouraged me learn by myself.I began doing that.So at the end of the term I got a highest mark in English in her class.‎ The key to success is，at Socrates' words，to know yourself.If you can take advantage of your personality and stick to how you like，you will succeed.‎ ‎【答案】　‎ I am a quiet person，and I very nervous when my teacher asks me a question.‎ Three years ，when I began my senior high school，I found it difficult to learn English well.That was because there were so many new words and grammar .When I didn't understand them，I didn't dare to ask my teachers and classmates.However，my mother always encouraged me learn by ‎ myself.I began doing that.So at the end of the term I got highest mark in English in class.‎ The key to success is， Socrates' words，to know yourself.If you can take advantage of your personality and stick to you like，you will succeed.‎