2018届二轮复习情态动词、虚拟语气和特殊句式课件(44张)

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2018届二轮复习情态动词、虚拟语气和特殊句式课件(44张)

语法填空 2018 届二轮复习情态动词和虚拟语气及特殊句式 无提示词填空 1 技能突破 3 随堂训练 2 走出误区 4 复习练案 技 能 突 破 技法 1 :揣摩情感,搞定情态动词 对情态动词的考查主要有以下几点:空格后紧跟动词原形;结合具体的语境命题;情态动词表示推测时的固定用法。 (2015 · 四川高考改编 )You________________be careful with the camera.It costs! [ 解题思路 ] ① 分析句子结构 → 句中谓语部分不全 → 谓语缺少助动词或情态动词。 ② 根据句子所在的语境 → 你一定要非常小心对待照相机,它很昂贵! 尝试解答: ________ must [ 技法解读 ] 1 . 高考考试说明中规定要掌握情态动词的基本含义及其用法。 (1) can/could 表示 “ 能力、请求或可能性 ” ,意为 “ 能、可以 ” ,当表 “ 请求 ” 时在疑问句中往往用 Could you... ?,其肯定回答用 Yes , you can ;表可能性时,一般意为 “ 有时会 …… ” 。 In general Tom is a good man , but he can be very hard sometimes. 总体而言,汤姆是个好人,不过有时候他会非常严厉。 (2) may /might 表示 “ 请求、允许、可能性以及祝愿 ” 。当 might 表示请求时,不表示过去,只是语气更加委婉客套; might/ may as well do sth . 意为 “ 不妨做某事;还是做某事为好 ” 。 We might as well stay at home , watching the football match. 我们不如待在家里看足球赛。 (3) will/would 用于第二人称作主语时表示 “ 请求 ” ,还可表 “ 决心、愿望 ” ,或 “ 按规律注定会 …… ” 。 They asked if we would do that again. 他们问是否我们会再次那样做。 Oil will float on water. 油会浮在水上。 (4) should 表示 “ 责任、义务 ” ,意为 “ 应该 ” 。 You should be careful when doing your job. 当你做工作时你应该仔细。 2 . 情态动词表示推测的用法。 (1) must 用在肯定句中表示猜测,意为 “ 肯定、一定 ” ,其否定形式为 can't/couldn't 。 mustn't 不表 “ 猜测 ” 而是表 “ 禁止 ” ,意为 “ 绝不能、一定不要 ” 。 I am sure he must be tired after such a long journey. 我敢肯定经过这样一次长途旅行他肯定是累了。 You mustn't go out alone at night. 你绝不能单独一人晚上出去。 (2)can/could 可以用在否定句和疑问句中表示 “ 推测 ” ,在否定句中表 “ 猜测 ” 时意为 “ 肯定不 ” 。 He can’t be Tom's father , for he wears a beard. 他肯定不是汤姆的爸爸,因为他留着胡子。 (3) may/might 表示 “ 猜测 ” 时,意为 “ 也许、大概、可能 ” ,其肯定性不强,故经常和 I'm not sure 之类的短语连用。 He might arrive here on time , but I am not sure. 他也许能按时到达这里,不过我不敢肯定。 (4) should 在表示 “ 推测 ” 时,往往是一种主观上的推断,意为 “ 按道理说、按道理讲 ” 。 We should arrive home before dark. 我们按说应该在天黑之前能到家。 3 . “ 情态动词+ have done ” 的含义。 结构 含义 must have done 过去肯定做了某事 couldn't/can't have done 不可能做过某事 could have done 本能够做某事 may/might have done 也许做了某事 would have done 本来会做某事 should/ought to have done 本应该做某事却没做 shouldn't/oughtn't to have done 本不应该做某事却做了 need have done 本需要做某事 needn't have done 本不需要做某事却做了 ① (2016 · 浙江高考改编 )George ________not have gone too far.His coffee is still warm. ② (2016 · 北京高考改编 )I love the weekend , because I ________ not get up early on Saturdays and Sundays. ③ (2015 · 陕西高考改编 )You ________ feel all the training a waste of time , but I'm a hundred percent sure later you'll be grateful you did it. ④ (2015 北京高考改编 ) - Can't you stay a little longer? - It's getting late.I really ________ go now.My daughter is home alone. ⑤ (2017 · 北京高考 )Samuel , the tallest boy in our class , ______easily reach the books on the top shelf. can need may must can 技法 2 :寻找标志,敲定虚拟语气 对虚拟语气的考查主要有以下几点: if 引导的条件状语从句中的虚拟语气用法;含蓄虚拟语气句中的用法;一些固定结构中的虚拟语气用法。 (2015 · 安徽高考改编 )It is lucky we booked a room , or we______________(have ) nowhere to stay now. [ 解题思路 ] ① 分析句子语境 → 上下句表示意义的转折 → 判断此处要用虚拟语气。 ② 根据句子中的标志词 (or , now) → 可判断是对现在的虚拟 尝试解答: _______________ would have [ 技法解读 ] 1 . 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的具体用法。 情况 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词 与现在事实相反 过去式 (be 的过去式用 were) would /could/ should/might +动词原形 与过去事实相反 过去完成式 would /could/ should/might + have done 与将来事实相反 ① were to do ② should do ③ 过去式 would /could/ should/might +动词原形 2. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。 (1) 在 advise , demand , desire , decide , insist( 坚决要求 ) , order , propose , request , suggest( 建议 ) 等表 “ 请求、要求、命令或建议 ” 等意义的动词后的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气,结构为 ( should + ) 动词原形。 (2)wish 之后的宾语从句,表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望,常用虚拟语气。 (3) “ would rather +句子 ” 这一结构中,从句部分对现在或将来的愿望的表达用过去时;从句部分对过去的愿望的表达用过去完成时。 wish 发生在主句动作之前 had done 与主句动作同时发生 过去式 (be 用 were) 发生在主句动作之后 would /could/ might/should +动词原形 3 . 虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的用法。 假设的条件不直接表述,而是隐含在某些词中,如 without , but for , or , otherwise 等。解题时需仔细识别这些标志词。 4 . as if/though 引导的表语从句和方式状语从句: 5. 在 “ It's (high/about) time +句子 ” 结构中,从句部分谓语动词一般用过去式或 should +动词原形。 引导词 从句谓语动词结构 as if/ though 发生在主句动作之前 had done 与主句动作同时发生 过去式 (be 用 were) 发生在主句动作之后 would /could/ might/should +动词原形 ① (2016 · 北京高考改编 )Why didn't you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ________ (tell) me , I could have helped. ② (2015 · 北京高考改编 )If I ____________(not see)it with my own eyes , I wouldn't have believed it. ③ (2016 · 天津高考改编 )It's high time we ________ (take) some measures to prevent pollution. ④ (2017 · 江苏高考 )_______(be)it not for the support of the teachers , the student could not overcome her difficulty. had told hadn't seen took Were 技法 3 :句式结构特殊之处需记牢 ① (2016 · 天津高考改编 )You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel______________the coach picks up tourists. [ 解题思路 ] ① 分析句子结构 → 句子为强调句 ② 根据强调句结构 → it is/was +被强调内容+ that... 尝试解答: ________ that ② (2015 · 天津高考改编 )Only when Lily walked into the office______________she realize that she had left the contract at home. [ 解题思路 ] ① 分析句子结构 → only + when 引导的状语从句放句首 ② 根据倒装原则 → 主句应该用部分倒装 ③ 选择助动词 → 根据本句时态 → 助动词应该用一般过去时形式 尝试解答: ________ did ③ (2015 · 北京高考改编 )If______________ (accept) for the job , you'll be informed soon. [ 解题思路 ] ① 分析句子结构 → 空格所在分句为条件状语从句的省略 ② 根据省略原则 → 当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,可以省略状语从句的主语和 be 动词 尝试解答: ________ accepted [ 技法解读 ] 1 . 牢记强调句式的常用结构 (1) 陈述句: It is /was +被强调部分+ that/ who... (2) 一般疑问句: Is /Was +被强调部分+ that/ who...? (3) 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 ( 被强调部分 ) + is /was + it + that/ who...? (4)not until 句式: It is/was not until... + that... (5) 强调原则:强调句型可用来强调主语、宾语、状语等,被强调部分如果是人用 that/who ,如果是物要用 that 。 (6) 判断方法:当把其结构 it is /was...that/ who 去掉之后,剩余部分仍旧结构完整、意义完整时,该句为强调句。 2 . 关注句首关键词,解答倒装类题目 (1) 在下列情形下需要使用部分倒装 ① only 修饰的状语 ( 副词、介词短语或状语从句 ) 位于句首时; ② 含有否定意义的副词 (never , seldom , little , not , nowhere 等 ) 位于句首时; ③ 在 no sooner...than... , hardly/scarcely...when... 结构中,前面部分位于句首时,其后的分句要部分倒装 ( 谓语用过去完成时 ) ; ④ not only....but also... 位于句首引导两个分句时,前一个分句中的主谓要采用部分倒装,第二个分句不倒装; ⑤ So /Neither/ Nor 开头的句子,说明前面的内容也适用于后者时,用倒装句 “ So /Neither/ Nor + be /have/ 助动词 / 情态动词十主语 ” ;表示同意对方的看法,表 “ 是的、确实 ” 之意时,用 “ So +主语+ be/ have / 助动词 / 情态动词 ” 句式,即主谓不倒装。 (2) 下列情形下需要用全部倒装 ① 表示地点、方向、时间的副词 (here , there , out , in , up , down , back , off , away , now , then 等 ) 位于句首且句子主语是名词时; ② 表示地点的介词短语位于句首且句子主语是名词时。 3. 记准以下省略规则 (1) 状语从句中的省略 当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致,或状语从句中的主语是 it ,且含有 be 动词时,常可以省略从句中的主语和 be 动词。 (2) 不定式符号 to 的省略 ① 感官动词 see , hear , feel , watch 等和使役动词 have , make , let 等后接不定式作宾语时,不定式省略 to ; ② do nothing but , can't help but 等结构常接省略 to 的不定式; ③ 在特定语境中为了避免重复,当不定式再次出现时,在 want , wish , hope , try , plan , like , love , hate 后往往只保留 to ,而省略后面的动词。但不定式后有 be , have 时,应保留 be 和 have 。 (3)so 和 not 的替代性省略 用于避免重复前面所说过的内容,替代词 so/not 替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。可与 believe , do , expect , fear , guess , hope , say , speak , suppose , think , I’m afraid 等连用。 ① (2015 · 重庆高考改编 )Bach died in 1750 , but it was not until the early 19th century ________ his musical gift was fully recognized. ② (2014 · 福建高考改编 )It was the culture , rather than the language , ________ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad. ③ (2014 · 湖南高考改编 )Only when you can find peace in your heart ________ you keep good relationships with others. ④ (2014 · 陕西高考改编 )No sooner ________ Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. ⑤ (2014 · 全国卷 )Not only ________ the nurses want a pay increase , they want reduced hours as well. that that will had do 三大冷点解题两步走 情态动词、虚拟语气和特殊句式是高考语法填空设题的冷点,了解即可。 第 1 步 通读语境 寻找标志词。 解题时通读语境,注意寻找标志词。如空格后是动词原形,可能考查情态动词;句首是 It is/was 或否定类结构,可能考查强调句型或倒装等。 根据这些初步确定考查点。 第 2 步 根据考点原则 确定最终填词。 初步确定考查点后,联想相应的考点原则,如虚拟语气句或变化,强调句型或倒装等考查规则,斟酌话意,确定最终填词。 走 出 误 区 易错点 1  强调句型与其他句式混用 ① (2014 · 江西高考改编 )It was the middle of the night ______my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game. ② ( 母题变式 ) It was in the middle of the night________my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game. when that [ 点拨 ] 定语从句与强调句句式结构用法比较: 由 it 引导的句型结构,常可构成强调句或定语从句,两者极易混淆。一般来说,如果将 it is /was... 与连接词去掉,句子仍然正确,就为强调句型。这时,就选用 that/ who 连接词;否则,就为定语从句。其关系词的选择,应根据先行词与从句的关系而定。句 ① 为定语从句,先行词为 the middle of the night 在从句中作状语。句 ② 为强调句结构,强调内容为 in the middle of the night 。 易错点 2  倒装中动词形式错用 ① (2015 · 湖南高考改编 )Only after talking to students ________I discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals. ② ( 母题变式 ) Only by talking to students________you be able to discover you still have a long way to go. did will [ 点拨 ] 若结构较完整,并且空格后的谓语动词是原形,特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时,则很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词 ( do , does , did , will 等 ) 。 易错点 3  省略中非谓语动词的形式误用 ① (2015 · 江苏高考改编 )It is so cold that you can't go outside unless fully________(cover ) in thick clothes. ② ( 母题变式 )It is so cold that you can't go outside unless fully________(cover ) yourself in thick clothes. covered covering [ 点拨 ] 句 ① 中 cover 后无宾语,和主语 you 之间存在被动关系,故用过去分词;句 ② 中 cover 的宾语为 yourself ,和主语 you 之间存在主动关系,故用现在分词。 随 堂 训 练 Ⅰ . 易错练习 1 . 用动词的 did 或 had done 形式填空 ① Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I ________ (dance) as well as her. ② If my car ________ (be) more reliable , I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer. ③ Sorry , I am too busy now.If I ________ (have) time , I would certainly go for an outing with you. ④ Maybe if I __________ (study) science , and not literature then , I would be able to give you more help. danced had been had had studied 2 . 用 that 或 where 填空 ① It is the island ________ they spent 10 years in doing some research on some strange plants. ② It was on his way to the station ________ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found. 3 . 用助动词或 be 动词填空 ① Not only ________ he speak more correctly , but he spoke more easily. ② Never before ________ she seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert. ③ This is not my story , nor ________ it the whole story.My story plays out differently. where that did has is 4 . 用动词的 doing 或 done 形式填空 ① Time , if ________(use) correctly , is money in the bank. ② When ______________ (approach)the city center , we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. ③ Film has a much shorter history , especially when ____________(compare) to such art forms as music and painting. ④ While ________(do) her homework , she heard a piece of music being played , sounding soft and sweet. used approaching compared doing Ⅱ . 语篇练习:用情态动词,虚拟语气和特殊句式的知识填空 I am a middle school student.I have many dreams.If there 1.________(be) not so much homework , I would have more time to do what I like to do.Not only 2.________I like listening to music bur also I enjoy playing table tennis.It's my desire that we 3.________(hold) evening parties or organize some interesting activities at weekends.I suggest that there 4.________(be) not so many tests.You can imagine what life 5.________(will) be if I were to realize my dream.But I 6.________face the exams.As is known to us all , it is good marks 7.________make me enter my ideal university.Anyway , it’s high time that I 8.____________(encourage) myself to overcome all the difficulties.If 9.________ , I can have a chance to learn much knowledge.It goes without saying that only by studying hard 10.________I fulfill my great dream. were do hold be would must that encouraged so can ❶   解析: 考查虚拟语气。根据主句中 would do 形式,可知与现在事实相反。 ❷   解析: 考查倒装。具有否定意义的词语 ( 主语除外 ) 位于句首时用倒装。 ❸   解析: 考查虚拟语气。 desire 此处表示 “ 建议 ” ,故从句中要用虚拟语气。 ❹   解析: 考查虚拟语气。 suggest 此处表示 “ 建议 ” ,故从句中要用虚拟语气。 ❺   解析: 考查虚拟语气。根据从句中 if I were to realize... ,可判断用 would 。 ❻   解析: 考查情态动词。句意:但是我必须得面对考试。根据句意,故用 must 。
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