《步步高》18江苏英语一轮加练半小时：第46练人文社会类

《步步高》18江苏英语一轮加练半小时：第46练人文社会类

‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ 单词识记：‎ century　　 　form　　　 governmentorganization rule historical charity council ban campaign federal royal administration donate dynasty govern incident ministry origin republic 短语扫描：‎ believe in信任；相信……的存在 a ban on...……的禁令 ban sb.from (doing) sth.禁止某人(做)某事 the Federal Bureau of Investigation(FBI)联邦调查局 beyond belief难以置信 raise money for为……筹款 in the form of 以……的形式 be against the rules 违反规定 rule out排除；取消 the World Health Organization(WHO)世界卫生组织 ‎ [跟踪训练]‎ Ⅰ.语境填词 ‎1．She was a woman of high position in the ________(govern)．‎ ‎2．I was asked to ________(组织) the trip，but I messed it up.‎ ‎3．The book provides some interesting ________(history) facts.‎ ‎4．Darwin came up with his idea about the ________(original) of man.‎ ‎5．As is known to us all，such ________(事故) often result in war.‎ Ⅱ.单项填空 ‎6．You’d sound a lot more polite if you make a request ________ a question.‎ A．in search of B．in the form of C．in need of D．in the direction of ‎7．Shortly after the earthquake，many people hurried to the hospital to ________ their blood.‎ A．donate B．share ‎ C．exchange D．promote ‎8．If you can find a task in life worth working for and ________ yourself，nothing can stop you.‎ A．let out B．turn in C．give up D．believe in ‎9．As a peaceloving country，we’ll declare a total________on nuclear arms.‎ A．ban B．arrival C．control D．movement ‎10．The experiment has ________ the possibility of the existence of any life on that planet，but it does not mean there is no life on other planets.‎ A．found out B．pointed out C．ruled out D．carried out ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ Ⅰ.完形填空 I do not know why I came to the decision to become a loser，but I know I made the choice at a young age.Sometime in the middle of fourth grade，I stopped __1__.By the time I was in seventh grade，I was a(n) __2__ degenerate(堕落的人)：lazy，rebellious，and disrespectful.I had lost all social __3__.I terminally(不可救药的) followed what was fashionable.‎ Not long after that，I dropped out of school and __4__ my downward spiral.Hard physical labor was the __5__ for the choices I made as an adolescent.At the age of twentyone，I was __6__ lost and using drugs as a way to deal with the fact that I was uneducated and __7__ in a deadend job carrying roof materials up a ladder all day.‎ But now I believe in doovers，in the __8__ to do it all again.And I believe that doovers can be made at any point in your life，if you have the right __9__.Mine came from a __10__ source.‎ It was September 21,2002，when my son Blake was born.It’s funny that after a life of __11__ responsibility，now I was in charge of something so __12__.Over the years，as I grew into the title of Dad，I began to learn something about myself.__13__，Blake and I were both learning to walk，talk，work，and play for the first time.I began my doover.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ It took me almost three years to learn __14__ to read.I started with my son’s books.Over and over，I practiced reading books to him __15__ I remembered all the words in every one of them.I began to wonder if it was possible for me to go back to school.I knew I wanted to be a good role model，__16__ after a yearandahalf and a lot of hard work，I passed my GED test on my son’s fourth birthday.This may not sound like __17__，and I am not trying to get praise for doing something that should have been done in the first place，but all things considered it was one of the __18__ days in my life.Today，I am a fulltime college student，studying to become a sociologist.‎ Growing up，I __19__ heard these great turnaround stories of triumph over shortcomings.But I never thought they applied to me.Now I believe it is a(an) __20__ anyone can make：to do it all over again.‎ ‎1．A.playing B．dreaming C．schooling D．trying ‎2．A.normal B．typical C．apparent D．ordinary ‎3．A.graces B．directions C．positions D．occupations ‎4．A.started B．expanded C．continued D．prevented ‎5．A.consequence B．destruction C．entertainment D．reward ‎6．A.willingly B．hopelessly C．desperately D．reluctantly ‎7．A.stuck B．buried ‎ C．trained D．spoiled ‎8．A.ambition B．purpose ‎ C．interest D．chance ‎9．A.advice B．goal C．schedule D．motivation ‎10．A.confusing B．surprising C．frightening D．upsetting ‎11．A.sharing B．shouldering C．avoiding D．recognizing ‎12．A.fragile B．brilliant ‎ C．plain D．sensitive ‎13．A.On the contrary B．On the whole C．In a way D．In a word　　‎ ‎14．A.what B．why ‎ C．when D．how ‎15．A.until B．unless ‎ C．if D．after ‎16．A.yet B．so ‎ C．for D．or ‎17．A.much B．enough C．nothing D．something ‎18．A.funny B．boring ‎ C．best D．worst ‎19．A.seldom B．directly C．immediately D．always ‎20．A.choice B．assumption C．contribution D．adjustment Ⅱ.阅读理解 You’re probably aware of the basic trends.The financial rewards to education have increased over the past few decades，but men fail to benefit.‎ In elementary and high school，male academic performance is lagging.Boys earn ‎ threequarters of the D’s and F’s.By college，men are clearly behind.Only 40 percent of bachelor’s degree go to men，along with 40 percent of master’s degree.‎ Thanks to their lower skills，men are dropping out of the labor force.In 1954,96 percent of the American men between the ages of 25 and 54 worked.Today，that number is down to 80 percent.In Friday’s jobs report，male labor force participation reached an alltime low.‎ Millions of men are collecting disability benefits.Even many of those who do have a job are doing poorly.According to Michael Greenstone of the Hamilton Project，annual earnings for average primeage males have dropped by 28 percent over the past 40 years.‎ Men still dominate(主宰) the top of the corporate ladder because many women take time off to raise children，but women lead or are gaining nearly everywhere else.Women in their 20s out earn men in their 20s.Twelve out of the 15 fastestgrowing professions are dominated by women.‎ Over the years，many of us have employed a certain theory to explain men’s economic decline.It is that the informationage economy rewards qualities that women are more likely to possess.‎ To succeed today，you have to be able to sit still and focus attention in school at an early age.You have to be emotionally sensitive and aware of context.You have to communicate smoothly.For genetic and cultural reasons，many men are not good at these.‎ But，in her fascinating new book，The End of Men，Hanna Rosin suggests a different theory.It has to do with adaptability.Women，Rosin argues，are like immigrants(移民) who have moved to a new country.They see a new social context，and they flexibly adapt to new circumstances.Men are like immigrants who have physically moved to a new country but who have kept their minds in the old one.They speak the old language.They follow the old customs.Men are more likely to be rigid；women are more fluid.‎ This theory has less to do with born qualities and more to do with social position.When there’s big social change，the people who were on the top of the old order are bound to stick to the old ways.The people who were on the bottom are bound to experience a burst of energy.They are going to explore their new surroundings more enthusiastically.‎ Rosin reports from workingclass Alabama.The women she meets are flooding into new jobs and new opportunities—going back to college，pursuing new careers.The men are waiting around for the jobs left and are never coming back.They are strangely immune(免疫的) to new options.In ‎ the AuburnOpelika region，the average female income is 140 percent of the average male income.‎ Rosin is not saying that women are winners in a global gender(性别) war or that they are doing super simply because men are doing worse.She’s just saying women are adapting to today’s economy more flexibly than men.There’s a lot of evidence to support her case.‎ A study by the National Federation of Independent Business found that small businesses owned by women outperformed maleowned small business during the last recession(衰退)．In finance，women who switch firms are more likely to see their performance improve，whereas men are likely to see theirs decline.There’s even evidence that women are better able to adjust to divorce.Today，more women than men see their incomes rise by 25 percent after a marital breakup.‎ Forty years ago，men and women stuck to certain theory，what it meant to be a man or a woman.Young women today，Rosin argues，have abandoned both feminist(女权主义者) and prefeminist preconceptions.Men still stick to the masculinity(大男子主义的) rules，which limit their vision and their movement.‎ If she’s right，then men will have to acknowledge that they are strangers in a strange land.‎ ‎21．Which of the following statements is TRUE?‎ A．Male labor force participation has declined by 80% since 1954.‎ B．More men than women take time off to raise children now.‎ C．Good communication is one of the qualities that women possess.‎ D．Men are still taking most top and fastestgrowing professions.‎ ‎22．In Hanna Rosin’s opinion，male performance is falling behind because ________.‎ A．men are less likely to sit still and focus attention in school at early age B．men are more rigid and less able to adapt to new circumstances C．women are doing better for genetic and cultural reasons D．it is more and more difficult for men to get bachelor’s degree ‎23．What is the passage intended to convey?‎ A．The differences between men and women.‎ B．The reasons why men do better than women.‎ C．The social status of men and women.‎ D．The reasons why men fail compared with women.‎ 答案精析 第46练　人文社会类 高考高频单词与短语识记排查 跟踪训练 Ⅰ.1.government　2.organize　3.historical　4.origin 5．incidents Ⅱ.6.B　[考查介词短语辨析。句意：如果你以提问的方式提出要求听起来会礼貌得多。in the form of“用……的形式”，符合题意。]‎ ‎7．A　[考查动词辨析。句意为：地震后不久，很多人争先恐后到医院去献血。donate捐赠；share分享；exchange交换；promote促销，提升。故选A。]‎ ‎8．D　[ 句意为：如果你能找到一项生命中值得为之努力的工作并相信自己，那么没有什么事能够阻挡你(成功)。believe in相信，符合语境。let out泄露，发出；turn in上交，呈交；give up放弃。]‎ ‎9．A　[句意为：作为一个热爱和平的国家，我们宣布全面禁止核武器。ban禁止，符合题意。]‎ ‎10．C　[考查动词短语的辨析。句意为：这次试验已经排除了那个星球上存在任何生命的可能性，但是并不意味着别的星球上没有生命。find out发现，查明；point out指出；rule out划去，排除；carry out执行，进行。答案为C项。]‎ 知识运用与阅读能力专练 Ⅰ. ‎1．D　[在四年级的某个时候，“我”就不再努力(try)了。]‎ ‎2．B　[到七年级的时候，“我”就具有了典型的(typical)颓废特征：懒散，叛逆，不尊重别人。]‎ ‎3．A　[“我”丢弃了所有的社交礼仪(social graces)。]‎ ‎4．C　[不久以后，“我”辍学了，继续(continue)堕落。]‎ ‎5．A　[艰辛的体力工作是“我”年轻时所作决定的后果(consequence)。]‎ ‎6．B　[二十一岁的时候，“我”绝望地迷失了自我，用吸毒的方式来解决“我”的困境。副词hopelessly(绝望地)修饰过去分词lost。]‎ ‎7．A　[因为没受过教育，所以“我”只能整日从事无出路的搬运建筑材料的工作。be stuck in意为“陷入”，符合句意。]‎ ‎8．D　[但是“我”现在相信改过自新——重新对待曾经错过的机会(chance)。名词doover意为“返工”，此处指“反悔”，即悔过自新。]‎ ‎9．D　[如果你有正确的动机(motivation)，“我”相信，改过自新可以在生命的任何时刻开始。]‎ ‎10．B　[“我”的这个时刻就来自于一个令人吃惊的(surprising)源头。]‎ ‎11．C　[根据第一段的描述可知，“我”是一个自甘堕落、逃避责任的人。]‎ ‎12．A　[儿子出生以后，“我”就要对这个脆弱的(fragile)小家伙负责。]‎ ‎13．C　[在某种意义上(in a way)，“我”是和儿子一起学习走路、说话、工作和游戏的。]‎ ‎14．D　[“我”花费了将近三年的时间学会如何(how)阅读。]‎ ‎15．A　[“我”练习为儿子读书，直到(until)“我”把每本书上的字都能记下来。]‎ ‎16．B　[因此(so)，经过一年半的艰辛付出，“我”终于在儿子四岁的时候通过了“我”的普通同等学历证书的考试。]‎ ‎17．A　[这可能听起来没什么大不了的。]‎ ‎18．C　[但是，如果全面考虑的话，它就是“我”有生以来最精彩的(best)日子之一。]‎ ‎19．D　[在成长的道路上，“我”总是(always)听说这些了不起的战胜缺点，浪子回头的故事。]‎ ‎20．A　[现在“我”认为这是每个人都能做的选择(choice)：从头再来。]‎ Ⅱ.‎ 语篇解读 不要再浪费时间去考虑失败的原因了，成功的关键在于你的态度。只有以积极的心态面对生活，你才能让成功的种子发芽。‎ ‎21．C　[细节理解题。根据第七段第二、三、四句“You have to be emotionally sensitive and aware of context.You have to communicate smoothly.For genetic and cultural reasons，many men are not good at these.”可知，女性比男性更擅长沟通，良好的沟通能力是女性具备的素质之一。故选项C正确。]‎ ‎22．B　[推理判断题。根据第八段可知，在Hanna Rosin看来，男性的表现落后的原因是，女性看到了新的社会环境并且灵活地适应新的环境，而男性则更顽固，适应新环境的能力比女性差。故选项B符合题意。]‎ ‎23．D　[推理判断题。文章开头作者便点出男性从教育中获得的经济回报不如女性，并用各类数据来证明这一现 象的存在。接着作者提到两大理论来解释这一现象的原因：一是历来被很多人认同和接受的遗传和文化上的原因；二是Hanna Rosin提出的适应性方面的原因。综上所述，本文主要想传达的是男性相比女性在经济上越来越处于劣势地位的原因。故本题选D。]‎