2017届高考英语（人教版）一轮教师文档讲义：必修1 unit 4

2017届高考英语（人教版）一轮教师文档讲义：必修1 unit 4

‎ [话题素材——自然灾害]‎ 好词 ‎1．threaten v. 威胁/恐吓 2.harmful adj. 有害的 ‎3．rescue n．/vt. 救援 4.frightened adj. 害怕的 ‎5．hopeless adj. 没希望的 6.be shocked at 对……感到震惊 ‎7．attach great importance to... 十分重视…… 8.help_out 帮助摆脱困境 ‎9．burst out 突然爆发 ‎10．in harmony with 与……和谐相处 ‎11．take_measures/steps_to_do_sth. 采取措施做某事 ‎12．do damage to 对……有害 ‎13．get_rid_of 消除；摆脱掉，除掉 ‎14．take_on_a_new_look 呈现新面貌 佳句 ‎1．Water resources have become so_badly_polluted_that some of the water is unfit to drink.‎ 水资源受到了严重的污染，结果，一些水不适宜饮用。‎ ‎2．It_is_reported_that the heavy rainfall caused rivers to break their banks, washing_away bridges.‎ 据报道大雨冲垮了堤防和桥梁。‎ ‎3．In_spite_of all this, the government called_on_the_whole_nation_ to support the places hit by the worst disaster.‎ 尽管如此，政府还是号召全国支援这次大灾难袭击的地区。‎ ‎[精美语篇]‎ Food Shortage From the very interesting cartoon, we can see many people are crowding on earth. Food on earth is far from enough to feed the surprisingly increasing population.‎ As you know, food shortage has hit many countries in the world and even caused social unrest in some areas. There are many reasons for the current world food crisis. First, annual world grain output has declined because of climate change. Besides, lots of farmland has been lost due to the rapid development of industry and urbanization.‎ Then what should be done about the problem? On one hand, we should focus on the environmental protection and improve the ecology. On the other hand, strict measures should be taken to protect farmland. In fact, the developed countries should take their responsibilities to help the poor ones suffering food shortage.‎ ‎ 高频单词 ‎1．burst (vi.) 爆裂；爆发 (n.) 突然破裂；爆发→burst (p.t./p.p.)‎ ‎2．ruin (n.) 废墟；毁灭 (vt.) 毁灭；使破产 ‎3．destroy (vt.) 破坏；毁坏；消灭 ‎4．shock (vt. & vi.) (使)震惊；震动 (n.) 休克；打击；震惊 ‎5．trap (vt.) 使陷入困境 (n.) 陷阱；困境→trapped (过去式/过去分词)‎ ‎6．bury (vt.) 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏 ‎7．damage (n. & vt.) 损失；损害 ‎8．express (vt.) 表示；表达 (n.) 快车；速递→(n.) expression表达；表情 ‎9．event (n.) 事件；大事 ‎10．rescue (n. & vt.) 援救；营救 ‎11．disaster (n.) 灾难；灾祸 ‎12．shelter (n.) 掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处 ‎ ‎13．judge (n.) 裁判员；法官 (vt.& vi.) 断定；判断；判决 ‎14．injure (vt.) 损害；伤害 →injury (n.) 伤害；损害→injured (adj.) 受伤的 ‎15．frighten (vt.) 使惊吓；吓唬→frightened (adj.) 受惊的；受恐吓的→frightening (adj.) 令人恐惧的 ‎ ‎16．congratulation (n.) 祝贺；(复数)贺词→congratulate (vt.) 祝贺 ‎ ‎17．smelly (adj.) 发臭的；有臭味的→smell (n.) 嗅觉；气味 (vt. & vi.) 闻，闻出；有某种气味 ‎ ‎18．suffering (n.) 苦难；痛苦→suffer (vi.) 遭受(苦难等) ‎ ‎19．extreme (adj.) 极度的→extremely (adv.) 极度地 ‎ ‎20．survivor (n.) 幸存者；生还者；残存物→survive (vt. & vi.) 幸存；存活下来 ‎ ‎21．useless (adj.) 无用的；无效的；无益的→useful (adj.) 有用的；有益的 ‎22．electricity (n.) 电；电流；电学→electric (adj.) 用电的；带电的→electrical (adj.) 与电有关的；电学的 ‎ 重点短语 ‎1．think_little_of　　轻视；认为……没价值 ‎ ‎2．as_if 仿佛；好像 ‎3．dig_out 掘出；发现 ‎4．raise_money 集资；筹款；募捐 ‎5．right_away 立刻；马上 ‎6．at_an_end 结束；终结 ‎7．in_ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 ‎8．a_(great)_number_of 许多；大量的 ‎9．in_the_open_air 在户外 ‎10．give_a_speech 做演讲 ‎ ‎11．cut_across 抄近路穿过；走近路 ‎ 热点句型 ‎1．too... to... “太……而不能……”‎ In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too_nervous_to_eat (紧张得不吃食)．(教材P26)‎ ‎2．looking for... 是现在分词短语作伴随状语 Mice ran out of the fields looking_for_places_to_hide (找地方藏身)．(教材P26)‎ ‎3．It seems (seemed) as if...“看起来好像……”‎ It_seemed_as_if (看起来好像)the world was at an end！(教材P26)‎ ‎4．leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语 Thousands of families were killed and many children were_left_ without_parents (成了孤儿)．(教材P26)‎ ‎5．everywhere用作连词，引导让步状语从句 Everywhere_they_looked (人们无论朝哪看)nearly everything was destroyed.(教材P26)‎ ‎6．部分否定 All_hope_was_not (并不是所有的希望)lost.(教材P26)‎ ‎ 教材复现 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．The army organized teams to dig out those who ________ (trap) and to bury the dead.‎ 答案：were trapped　考查时态与语态，以及主谓一致。‎ ‎2．________ (slow), the city began to breathe again.‎ 答案：Slowly　考查词形转换，修饰整个句子应用副词。‎ ‎3．It was felt in Beijing, ________ is more than two hundred kilometers away.‎ 答案：which　考查非限制性定语从句，从句中无主语。‎ ‎4．Fresh water ________ (take) to the city by train, truck and plane.‎ 答案：was taken　考查被动语态。‎ ‎5．________number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.‎ 答案：The　考查the number of，意为“……的数量”。‎ ‎6．Workers built shelters for survivors ________ homes had been destroyed.‎ 答案：whose　考查定语从句，从句的先行词与空后的名词为所属关系。‎ ‎7．Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of ________ agreed that it was the best one this year.‎ 答案：whom　考查定语从句中的关系代词，两个句子中间必须由连词连接，故不可用them。‎ ‎8．________you know, this is the day the quake happened thirtyfive years ago.‎ 答案：As　考查as引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中无宾语，且从句位于主句之前。‎ ‎9．________(congratulate)! We are pleased ________ (tell) you that you have won the high school speaking competition.‎ 答案：Congratulations; to ‎ tell　第一空考查词形转换，且祝贺通常用复数；第二空考查不定式作原因状语，通常位于有某种情绪的形容词后。‎ ‎10．This ________ (frighten) boy whose mother ________ (lose) in the disaster is looking for her now.‎ 答案：frightened; was lost　第一空考查词形转换，修饰名词应用形容词；第二空中be lost“迷路；丢失；失踪”，且发生在过去，故用一般过去时。‎ ‎1　　burst　vi.(burst, burst)爆裂；爆发　n．突然破裂；爆发 In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.(P26)‎ 在市内，有些建筑物的水管爆裂开来。‎ ‎①[2015·课标全国卷Ⅰ]When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for whatever his family might need, he burst_into_tears.‎ 当我把礼品卡交给他说他可以用来买些家中所需的物品时，他突然流出了眼泪。‎ ‎②[必背佳句]Hearing this, the whole class burst_out_laughing and my deskmate's face turned red.‎ 听到这，全班同学大笑起来，我同桌的脸变红了。‎ ‎③[2014·湖南高考]Mary shut the door heavily and _burst_into_tears. No one in the office knew why she was so angry.‎ ‎→Mary shut the door heavily and burst_out_crying. No one in the office knew why she was so angry.‎ 玛丽重重地把门关上，哭了起来。办公室里没人知道她为什么那么生气。‎ ‎④He burst_into_the_room without knocking at the door, which made me very angry.‎ 他没敲门就闯进房间，这使我非常生气。‎ 图解助记 ‎2　　ruin　n．[U]毁灭；毁坏；崩溃；[常用复数]废墟；遗迹　vt.‎ ‎(使)毁坏；毁灭；成为废墟；使破产 In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.(P26)‎ 在可怕的15秒内，一座大城市就成为了一片废墟。‎ ‎(1)lie/be in ruins成为废墟 come/go/fall to ruin毁灭；灭亡；崩溃 bring...to ruin使……毁灭；使……没落；使……破产 ‎(2)ruin oneself毁掉自己，自取灭亡 ruin one's health/fame/future毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途 ‎①[2015·福建高考]Then make sure the people you surround yourself with are supportive. Don't let negativity ruin_your_motivation.‎ 确保你周围的人是支持你的，不要让消极毁了你的动机。‎ ‎②[2013·江苏高考]Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being_brought_to__ruins,_the city took on a new look.‎ 遭遇一次大地震并被沦为废墟之后不久，这座城市就呈现出一个新面貌。‎ ‎③[必背佳句]The whole city lay_in_ruins after the earthquake, which made us lying awake all night.‎ 地震之后，整个城市成了一片废墟，这让我们躺着彻夜未眠。‎ 易混辨析 ruin 表示“毁灭、毁坏”，但不是指以某种摧毁性的力量对物体进行破坏，而是指在一定过程中逐渐对物体进行破坏，使其毁灭。也可用于抽象意义 damage 表示“损害、损坏”，通常是指对物体的部分的损害，往往暗示损坏后价值、效率、功能可能降低，但这种破坏具有可修复性。damage也可用于指抽象意义。可用作动词或名词，作名词时与介词to搭配，如cause/do damage to 续表 destroy 表示“毁坏”，通常指彻底毁掉或毁灭，其功能无法或难以修复，也可用于表示损坏抽象的东西，如名誉、计划、契约等 ‎④用ruin, damage, destroy的正确形式填空 a．Thousands of houses were seriously ________ by the storm, and the repair work would last half a month.‎ b．The whole city was completely ________ in the sudden flood, leaving nothing to the native people.‎ c．The constant rain in the north of China this summer has ________ cash crops such as cotton and peppers.‎ 答案：a.damaged　b．destroyedC．ruined 图解助记 ‎3　　injure　vt.损害；伤害 Twothirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.(P26)‎ 他们中有三分之二在地震中伤亡。‎ ‎ (1)injured adj. 受伤的 the injured受伤的人(集合概念)‎ ‎(2)injury n. 伤；伤口；伤害 do sb. an injury/do an injury to sb.伤害某人 ‎①[2014·湖北高考]Luckily she was_not_badly_injured and was sent to the nearest hospital.‎ 幸运的是她受伤不严重，我们把她送到了最近的医院。‎ ‎②What the newspaper reported did_a_great_injury_to her fame.‎ 报纸上所报道的严重损害了她的名誉。‎ 易混辨析 injure 多指意外事故造成的伤害，也可指对名誉、地位的损害 wound 指人在战斗、攻击中受伤，身体上出现明显的伤口，多指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤 hurt 多指精神上受到伤害，也可指身体上的疼痛 harm 指身体或精神上的损害或对周围事物的危害。意为“伤害，损害，有害于”。常用短语do harm to“对……有害”‎ ‎③用injure, wound, hurt, harm的正确形式填空 a．He claimed that working too hard was ________ his health.‎ b．He died of a single gunshot ________ to the left side of his head.‎ c．What he said ________ me deeply.‎ d．One of the players ________ his knee and had to be carried off.‎ 答案：a.harming　b．woundC．hurt　d．injured 图解助记 ‎4　　shock　vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动　n．休克；打击；震惊 Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were shocked.(P26)‎ 井里充满了沙子而不是水。人们都震惊了。‎ ‎(1)in shock 震惊地 a great shock 令人震惊的人或事 be a shock to sb. 对某人来说是个打击 ‎(2)shocked adj. 感到惊讶的 be shocked at/by sth. 对……感到震惊 ‎(3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的 ‎①[2015·上海高考]Shocked,_I took it from her automatically. She smiled and walked away.‎ 我很震惊，自动地从她那儿拿过来，她笑了笑便走开了。‎ ‎②[2014·陕西高考]There was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed and clearly in__shock.‎ 到处都是血，那名女士局促不安，显然她很震惊。‎ ‎③The news that the two popular stars took drugs together illegally was_a_shock_to their fans.‎ 这两位当红明星一起非法吸毒的消息对他们的粉丝是一个打击。‎ ‎－名师点睛－‎ shock意为“令人震惊的人或事”时为可数名词，其前通常与不定冠词“a”连用。即：抽象名词具体化。‎ ‎5　　bury　vt.埋葬；掩埋；使专心；使沉浸；隐藏 The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. (P26)‎ 救援部队组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，并将死者掩埋。‎ ‎(1)be buried in埋头于；专心于 be buried in thought沉思 ‎(2)bury_oneself_in study埋头研究；专心学习 bury one's face in one's hands双手掩面 ‎①[2015·湖南高考]This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago.‎ 这当然产生了一个新问题，尘土几乎把芝加哥的每幢楼的第一层给掩埋了。‎ ‎②Ever since he moved there, he has_buried_himself_in his research work.‎ ‎→Ever since he moved there, he has_been_buried_in his research work.‎ 自从搬到那里以后，他一直专注于研究工作。‎ ‎③[必背佳句]Buried_in_his_study,_he didn't know it was raining hard outside.‎ 他埋头学习，不知道外面正下大雨。‎ 图解助记 ‎－名师点睛－‎ 表“专心于某事”的短语常见的还有：be devoted to, be absorbed in, be addicted to, be lost in, focus on, concentrate on。‎ 过关演练 单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式 ‎1．Greatly ________ (shock) at the sad news, he stood there, paralysed with fear.‎ 答案：shocked　考查分词作状语。shock与he之间为被动关系，故填shocked。‎ ‎2．To our relief, up to now the injured in the crash of Tianjin ________ (carry) to the nearby hospital.‎ 答案：have been carried　考查时态和语态。根据up to now以及主语与carry的关系可知答案。‎ ‎3．I haven't read all of his books before, but ________ (judge) from the one I have read, I think he's a very promising writer.‎ 答案：judging　考查“judging from...”意为“由……来判断”。‎ ‎4．Seeing the ________ (frighten) scene, the little girl was so ________ (frighten) that she cried suddenly.‎ 答案：frightening; frightened　考查“ing”与“ed”构成形容词的区别，前者表示“令人……的”，后者表示“感到……的”。‎ ‎5．On seeing Jay Chou appear on the Voice of China, the audience burst out ________ (cheer)．‎ 答案：cheering　考查“burst out＋doing”结构，意为“突然……起来”。‎ ‎6．With his face ________ (bury) in his hands, he heard the bad news and wept.‎ 答案：buried　考查with复合结构，his face与bury之间为被动关系。‎ ‎7．The rescue team has saved more than ten people ________(trap) under the collapsed building.‎ 答案：trapped　考查过去分词作定语。trap与people之间为被动关系，故用过去分词形式，注意拼写。‎ ‎8．With time going on, the castle which once was very beautiful is now completely in ________ (ruin)．‎ 答案：ruins　考查in ruins，意为“成为废墟”。‎ ‎9．He retired from the army because of ________ (wound) in a fight.‎ 答案：being wounded　考查“介词＋doing”形式，且在战争中受伤应为被动，故可知答案。‎ ‎10．The two sports man congratulated each other ________ winning the match by shaking hands.‎ 答案：on　考查“congratulate sb. on sth.”结构。‎ ‎1　　at an end 结束；终结 It seemed as if the world was at an end.(P26)‎ 世界似乎到了末日。‎ ‎(1)at the end of在……尽头/末端(指时间或空间)‎ in the end最后；终于 come to an end结束 put/bring sth. to an end结束……‎ make (both) ends meet使收支相抵；量入为出 ‎(2)end up结束；告终 end in以……结束 ‎①[2015·湖北高考]You can end_up_with what astronauts call a carbondioxide headache.‎ 你可能已患上宇航员所称的缺氧性头疼。‎ ‎②The meeting was nearly at_an_end when I got to the meeting room.‎ 当我到达会议室时，会议快要结束了。‎ ‎③[必背佳句]Evidently, realizing this difference and trying to shorten this gap is the key to achieving our accomplishment, otherwise nothing will be got in_the_end.‎ 显然，意识到这个差别并且努力缩短差距是我们成功的关键，否则最后将一无所获。‎ ‎④[2013·安徽高考]Those who'd shared the wealth felt much happier at_the_end_of the day than those who'd spent it on themselves.‎ 那些分享财富的人最终会比那些把财富花在自己身上的人更幸福。‎ ‎2　　a(great)number of 许多；大量的 Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.(P27)‎ 那么多的人丧生是因为地震发生在人们睡觉的时候。‎ ‎①[2015·浙江高考]The thing is, a_number_of them have admitted that despite their success, they aren't happy.‎ 事情是，很多人都承认，尽管他们很成功，但是很不开心。‎ ‎②[2015·湖南高考]Although the job takes a_significant_amount_of time, most students agree that the experience is worth it.‎ 尽管这项工作需占用大量有意义的时间，但是大部分学生还是认为这些经验还是值得的。‎ ‎③[2015·江苏高考]The_number_of smokers, as is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in the past one year.‎ 据报道，在过去的一年里，烟民的数量已经下降了17%。‎ ‎④[2014·广东高考]An ordinary worker donated a_great_deal_of money to a university, which aroused public attention and earned her widespread social recognition.‎ 一位普通的工人向一所大学捐赠了大量的金钱，这唤起了公众的关注，赢得了社会广泛的认可。‎ ‎－名师点睛－‎ ‎(1)a large/great number of “许多的，大量的”，后面跟可数名词复数形式。number之前可加某些表示数量大小的形容词。a number of加复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。‎ ‎(2)a great many后修饰可数名词时，通常不加of，但名词前有定冠词the或形容词性物主代词时要加上of。‎ ‎(3)large quantities of＋pl. n．/ [U]n.作主语，谓语动词用复数；a large quantity of＋pl. n. /[U]n.作主语，谓语动词用单数；large amounts of＋[U] n．作主语，谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎⑤There are a_great_many_(of_the) talented people waiting to be discovered.‎ 众多有才华的人有待于被发现。‎ 图解助记 ‎⑥[一言辨异]Now a_number_of college graduates are seeking to get a highpaid job. But ‎ the_number_of posts available for them is often not enough.‎ 如今很多大学毕业生努力想找一份待遇好的工作，但适合他们的岗位的数量却经常不足。‎ 过关演练 选词填空 in ruins； bury oneself in； give out； wash away； a large number of； burst into； at an end； right away； think little of； dig out ‎1．Hearing the news that his mother was ill in hospital, he rushed to the hospital ________.‎ 答案：right away ‎2．He ________ my advice, which made me very upset.‎ 答案：thought little of ‎3．With more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil ________.‎ 答案：are being washed away ‎4．[2015·重庆高考]I am writing to apply for it for the simple reason that I love reading and I own ________ books.‎ 答案：a large number of ‎5．He felt so terrible that he thought his world was ________.‎ 答案：at an end ‎6．More than a dozen people ________ of the ruins were still alive.‎ 答案：digged out ‎7．________ the newspaper, he didn't notice what was happening.‎ 答案：Burying herself in ‎8．He has refused to ________ any information on the matter.‎ 答案：give out ‎9．What surprised us is that the whole city lay ________ in such a short time.‎ 答案：in ruins ‎10．My English teacher's humor was such fun as to make every student ________ laughter.‎ 答案：burst into ‎1　　In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too_ nervous_to_eat. (P26)‎ 在农场里，鸡群甚至连猪都紧张得不吃食了。‎ too...to本意“太……而不能”，表示否定意义，而在下列情况下表示肯定意义：‎ ‎①当too前面有副词far, much, but, only修饰，此结构没有否定意义，而表示肯定。‎ ‎②too后面的形容词表示心情或描绘性形容词的时候，如happy, pleased, willing, thankful, delighted, anxious, eager, kind, good等，表示肯定意义。例如：He is only too delighted to accept your invitation.他非常高兴地接受了你的邀请。‎ ‎③too...to... 中的too前面有never, can't等时，此结构为双重否定表示肯定。‎ can't... too/enough...表示“越……越好；再……也不为过”。 ‎ 语境助记 ‎①[2015·浙江高考]Upon hearing the teacher's talk, the children probably felt that it sounded too_good_to_be_true.‎ 一听到老师的话，孩子们很可能觉得听起来太好了而有些不太真实。‎ ‎②All the students are too_willing_to_see the film this afternoon.‎ 学生们都非常愿意今天下午看这部电影。‎ ‎③He's too_experienced_an_artist_to mind what the critics say.‎ 他是个经验非常丰富的艺术家，不会介意批评家说些什么。‎ ‎④[必背佳句]You can't_be_too_careful while driving a car.‎ 在开车时，你越小心越好。‎ ‎2　　It seemed as_if the world was at an end！(P26)‎ 世界似乎到了末日！‎ 语境助记 ‎①[2015·浙江高考]We've lit up the night as if it_were_an unoccupied_country,_when nothing could be further from the truth.‎ 我们点亮夜空，好像这是一个无人占领的国家，那时候一切都再真实不过了。‎ ‎②[2015·湖南高考]After he steadied himself, he shook Glenn's mother's hand, and the inspection continued as_though_nothing_had _happened.‎ 他平衡自己后，握着Glenn母亲的手，并且继续巡查，好像什么事都未发生一样。‎ ‎③[必背佳句]When a pencil is partly put into a glass of water, it looks as if it_were_broken.‎ 当把铅笔的一部分放进水里时，它看上去好像断了一样。‎ ‎－名师点睛－‎ 如果as if引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be动词，可省略主语和be动词，这样as if后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。‎ The football player is rolling on the ground as if (he is) hurt badly in the leg.‎ 这个足球运动员在操场上打着滚，似乎他的腿伤得很厉害。‎ ‎3　　All hope was not lost.(P26)‎ 不是所有的希望都破灭了。‎ ‎(1)英语中的all, both, each, every, everybody, everything, completely, always, whole, entirely等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。‎ ‎(2)英语中的no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere, no more, no longer, no way等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。 ‎ 语境助记 ‎①It's impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because not_all_of_them are fit for them.‎ 并非所有的求职者都能找到工作，因为并非所有人都能胜任这些工作。‎ ‎②I knew nothing would ever discourage him; he would_never give up wanting to be a director.‎ 我知道没有什么能够阻碍他，他将永远不会放弃成为一名导演的想法。‎ ‎－名师点睛－‎ both的全部否定为neither; all的全部否定为none; either与否定词连用表“全部否定”。‎ 过关演练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式 ‎1．He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found ________ of them again.‎ 答案：either　考查全部否定的用法，否定词与either连用表示全部否定。‎ ‎2．She walked here and there on the playground as if ________ (look) for something.‎ 答案：looking　考查“as if＋非谓语动词”省略结构。look与she之间为主动关系，故用looking。‎ ‎3．I can't thank you ________ much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.‎ 答案：too　考查“can't...too...”结构，意为“无论……也不为过”。‎ ‎4．School started, but I felt more and more nervous as if I ________ (be) in a foreign country ‎ now.‎ 答案：were　考查虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反，故用were。‎ ‎5．I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with _______.‎ 答案：everything　考查部分否定。否定词与every, all等连用时表部分否定，根据语境可知填everything，即“并非所有一切”。‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．________________the current situation, there is a small chance that a largescale war will break out between the two countries.‎ 根据当前局势判断，两国之间不大可能发生大规模战争。‎ 答案：Judging from ‎2．An official says about 3.33 million hectares of the areA s farmland ________________crops.‎ 官方说大约330万公顷的土地因受污染太严重而不宜种庄稼。‎ 答案：is too polluted to grow ‎3．Jack wasn't saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him as if he ________________ very clever.‎ 杰克什么也没说，但老师冲着他微笑，好像他做了什么明智的事。‎ 答案：had done something 定语从句(Ⅰ)‎ 在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。‎ 关系词分为关系代词(that，which，who，whom，whose，as等)和关系副词(when, where, why等)两类。关系词通常有三个作用：(1)连接主从句；(2)指代先行词；(3)在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。‎ 关系代词的基本用法 指代对象 指代人 指代物 使用情况 主语 who, that which，that 从句中缺少主语或宾语 宾语 whom, that which，that 定语 whose whose 先行词与空后的名词有所属关系 ‎①The doctor whom/that you are looking for is in the room.‎ ‎②A man who/that is perfectly pleased with the present state of things is a failure.‎ ‎③Do you know the man whose name is Wang Bing?‎ ‎④The building which/that stands near the river is our school.‎ ‎⑤Is this the book which/that she was looking for?‎ ‎⑥The building whose windows face south was built last year.‎ 关系代词的选择条件：从句中缺少主语或宾语时，选用关系代词。注意：有些情况只用that不用which，或只用which不用that，要在平时学习中不断积累。‎ 过关演练 单句语法填空 在括号内填入适当的内容(1个单词)‎ ‎1．[2015·四川高考]The books on the desk, ________ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.‎ 答案：whose　考查定语从句。先行词为books，与主语covers存在所属关系，故填whose。‎ ‎2．Do you have anything ________ you want to say at the meeting?‎ 答案：that　考查定语从句。从句中缺少宾语，且先行词为不定代词，故填that。‎ ‎3．I think it was on the playground on ________ we played basketball with some boys yesterday ________ you lost your handbag.‎ 答案：which; that　第一空为定语从句，从句中缺少介词on的宾语，故只能填which；第二空为强调句型。‎ ‎4．Finally the manager adopted the best proposal ________ had been put forward at the meeting.‎ 答案：that　考查定语从句。从句中缺主语，且先行词前有最高级修饰，故只能填that。‎ ‎5．It is in this very village, ________ Mary was born 35 years ago, ________she will build her first school, ________ inspires everyone to help her.‎ 答案：where; that; which　第一空考查定语从句，从句中不缺主语及宾语，故填关系副词，先行词表地点，故填where；第二空为强调句型；第三空为非限制性定语从句，且从句中缺少主语，指前面一件事，故用which。‎