【英语】2018届二轮复习短文改错8种答题技巧讲练学案（12页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习短文改错8种答题技巧讲练学案（12页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 短文改错8种答题技巧讲练 ‎　　短文改错题检测考生发现、判断、纠正文章错误的能力.进而考察学生的词法、句法及行文逻辑等方面的水平，考察学生在语篇中综合运用英语的能力考生英语水平的高低完全可以从这一题型体现出来然而很多考生对该题感到束手无策.关键在于找不到错误、不会找错误。那么怎样找错误、发现错误就成了解题的关键。‎ ‎　　短文改错解题思路和检查原则：‎ ‎　　1.句中各部分的结构是否完整，特别是每个句子要有动词;‎ ‎　　2. 谓语动词的时态、语态;‎ ‎　　3.非谓语动词的用法;‎ ‎　　4.名词的单、复数，格的使用是否正确;‎ ‎　　5.定冠词和不定冠词是否正确;‎ ‎　　6.代词的格和性的使用是否有误;‎ ‎　　7.定语从句中关系代词、副词是否准确无误;‎ ‎　　8.并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当。短文改错解题四原则：改动以最少为原则; 虚词以添加或删除为原则; 实词以改变词形为原则以保持句子原意为原则。短文改错解题步骤：通读全文，掌握大意; 整句分析，逐行推敲 ‎　　反复通读，复查验证。解题注意要点和能力培养：‎ ‎　　1.核对错项时，若的确有一时难以改出的地方，可以参考所改动项是否基本符合“1：1：8”的比例。即多一词1个，缺词1个，错词8个。‎ ‎　　2.核对改正的语法项目是否有重复。因为短文改错往往覆盖面广，一般不会出现重复考查某个语法点的现象。‎ ‎　　3.核对答题符号是否规范，位置是否准确，看看有无遗漏符号，忽略字母大小写和拼写等问题。‎ ‎　　短文改错常见错误类型：‎ ‎　　1. 谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点，常见动词错误类型有①一般现在时与一般过去时错用;②and前后动词时态不一致;③主谓不一致; ④缺少动词,特别是be动词; ⑤第三人称单数形式错用;⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。 They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies.(did改为do，错误类型属于①) As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. (visiting 改为visited, 错误类型属于②) There will an important game next month. (will后加be,错误类型属于④) One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out. ( was 改为were，错误类型属于③)‎ ‎　　2. 名词的常见错误：单复数名词错用，可数名词与不可数名词错用。I’ll get good marks in all my subject.(subject改为subjects) Their word were a great encouragement to me.(word改为words) Without ‎ enough knowledges, you can never teach well.(knowledges改为knowledge)‎ ‎　　3. 连词错误 连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/ or/but等。关于连词，一般考查从句关系who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。 I have a good friend who’s name is Liu Mei. (错用了who的所有格形式，改为whose) I teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up.(此处应该是并列的关系而非转折，but改为and) Clever as she is, but she works very hard.(as意为“尽管”，不能再跟but连用，所以去掉but)‎ ‎　　4. 冠词错误：误用a和an(根据单词的第一个音素来判定);误用a/an和the(固定搭配，或泛指、特指;多冠词或少冠词) We maybe one family and live under a same roof. (a 改为the，the same 是固定搭配) As everyone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of pants. (mountain是可数名词需用冠词，所以其前加a) I hope you have pleasant journey.(journey是可数名词，故have后加a)‎ ‎　　5. 形容词和副词错误：系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词smell/feel);词性的误用(形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词、形容词)。I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (time是名词所以要用形容词wonderful修饰) My pronunciation was terribly.(was后用形容词，terribly改为terrible.)‎ ‎　　6. 代词错误：代词的主格和宾格(I / me; he/him; she/ her; we/ us they/ them ‎ )错误;反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用错误;代词的单数和复数使用错误;代词指代错误;多代词或少代词。 Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. (me 改为myself) One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.(to前加it) If anyone of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other would help him out. (other后加s) What’s more, you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him. (him改为them)‎ ‎　　7. 非谓语动词的常见错误：不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时;and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致(尤其距离较远时);介词后用动名词形式作宾语;某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。 Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper. (enjoy 后需接动名词，talk改为talking) But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports.(go作主语,应改为going) Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves. (介词后用动名词形式作宾语，read改为reading) I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees. (and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致，故saw改为seeing)‎ ‎　　8. 介词错误：词组中的介词误用;介词意思理解偏差;介词的多用或少用 There are too many people among my family. (among改为in，in my family 为固定搭配) I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. (去掉at, the moment 引导从句)‎ 典题演练 ‎【一】‎ ‎ My father took me out camping for the first time when I was seven. He wanted teach me about animals, insects and trees. My uncles all come along with bows and arrows for hunting. ‎ ‎ One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, have our barbecue. Just then a bird was flying over us. My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird. Neither of the arrows hit the target. Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky — they were looked like rain! We ran to escape but fortunately no one was injured.‎ ‎ That day I didn’t learn much about animals, insects or trees, but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity! ‎ ‎1.【答案】wanted后面加to ‎ ‎【试题解析】固定搭配want to do sth想要做某事；to是不能省略的，不定式to do sth作为want的宾语。‎ ‎2. 【答案】come改为came ‎ ‎【试题解析】根据本文第一句可知讲述的是过去发生的事情，所以使用一般过去时，所以使用came。‎ ‎3. 【答案】have改为having ‎ ‎【试题解析】本句中动词have与句子主语we构成逻辑上的主动关系，所以使用现在分词在句中做状语。‎ ‎4. 【答案】immediate改为immediately ‎ ‎【试题解析】本句中应该使用副词immeately来修饰谓语动词jumped，在句中做状语。形容词immediate不能做状语。‎ ‎5. 【答案】on改为at ‎ ‎【试题解析】固定搭配shoot..at…不能使用介词on。At表示瞄准的对方或者方向。‎ ‎6. 【答案】Neither改为none ‎ ‎【试题解析】代词neither表示两者都不…；而本句中没有提及两者，应该是有很多的鸟。故使用none表示三者或者三者以上的全部否定。‎ ‎7. 【答案】was改为were ‎ ‎【试题解析】本句的主语是复数名词arrows，所以谓语动词使用复数形式were。‎ ‎8 【答案】去掉were或者looked ‎ ‎【试题解析】本句是指箭如雨下，要么使用look like看起来像..；要么使用be like…像…一样。‎ ‎9. 【答案】but改为and ‎ ‎【试题解析】我们四处逃跑，很幸运的是没有人受伤。根据上下文语境可知表示并列关系。‎ ‎10. 【答案】a改为an ‎ ‎【试题解析】后面的形容词impressive是以元音开始的，所以使用an。‎ ‎【二】‎ Hello, boys and girls! Today, I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm go off. If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside. Stay close to your teacher and classmate. Don't panic or get out of line, and trying to remain quiet and calmly. Soon the firefighters will come and put out a fire. If it's a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead us back to the classroom. If you notice that when someone is missing and hurt, tell your teacher immediately.‎ ‎1. 【答案】with改为about ‎【试题解析】固定搭配talk about something谈论关于某事。‎ ‎2. 【答案】go改为goes ‎【试题解析】本句的主语a fire alarm为单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式goes。‎ ‎3. 【答案】wait后加for ‎【试题解析】此处wait为不及物动词，后接宾语时需加上介词for，构成wait for…等待…。‎ ‎4. 【答案】classmate改为classmates ‎【试题解析】此处表达同班同学应为复数形式，因为同伴同学应该有多人，而不会只是一个。‎ ‎5. 【答案】trying改为try ‎【试题解析】此处为祈使句，因为连词and连接的是两个同样性质的内容，前面是一个祈使句Don't panic or get out of line，后面也应该是一个祈使句。故使用try，而不是trying。‎ ‎6. 【答案】calm改为calmly ‎【试题解析】此句remain为系动词，后接形容词作表语构成系表结构。‎ ‎7. 【答案】a改为the ‎【试题解析】当文章中第二次提到前面的某一名词时，需使用the表示特指。‎ ‎8. 【答案】us改为you ‎【试题解析】根据句子的主语your teacher可知你的老师会带你们回教室。‎ ‎9. 【答案】去掉when ‎【试题解析】根据句意，如果你注意到有人失踪或受伤……，可知此处是that引导的宾语从句表陈述，故when多余。‎ ‎10. 【答案】and改为or ‎【试题解析】根据句意“有人不见或者受伤”可知Or表示的是选择的关系。‎ ‎【三】‎ ‎ Nearly five years before ,and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes（圣女果）in our back garden, since then---for all these year---we had been allowing tomatoes to self seed where they please . As result, the plants are growing somewhere. The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors .Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problem. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at on cost! ‎ 1. ‎【答案】before改为ago ‎ ‎【试题解析】一段时间和before连用的时候常常和完成时连用。一段时间和age连用，常常和过去时连用。句义：大约5年前，在父亲的帮助下，妹妹和我种了一些圣女果。‎ 1. ‎【答案】by改为of ‎ ‎【试题解析】考察固定搭配with the help of…在…的帮助下。‎ 2. ‎【答案】year改为years ‎ ‎【试题解析】本句前面的形容词these常常修饰可数名词复数形式，所以使用名词years。‎ 3. ‎【答案】had改为have ‎ ‎【试题解析】本句的时间状语是all these years，通常和现在完成进行时连用。所以使用have been doing的形式。‎ 4. ‎【答案】As后面加a ‎ ‎【试题解析】考察固定搭配as a result结果是；句义：结果，圣女果长得到处都是。‎ 5. ‎【答案】somewhere改为everywhere ‎ ‎【试题解析】根据上下文可知我们让圣女果自己繁殖，所以到处长得都是圣女果。‎ 6. ‎【答案】taste改为tasty ‎ ‎【试题解析】本句中的形容词juicy和tasty都是形容词和前面的small一样都和系动词are构成系表结构。这些水果很小，但是多汁而且味道很好。‎ 1. ‎【答案】much改为many ‎ ‎【试题解析】本句中的many指代可数名词cherry tomatoes的复数形式，所以不能使用much修饰。‎ 2. ‎【答案】but改为yet或者去掉but ‎ ‎【试题解析】连词although不能和but连用，因为这两个词都是连词，不能一起连用。可以把but改为副词yet。‎ 3. ‎【答案】wonderfully改为形容词wonderful ‎ ‎【试题解析】本句中使用形容词wonderful做定语来修饰后面的名词tomatoes。‎ ‎【四】‎ ‎ I was taking a train to London’s Victoria Station. I had noticed that the carriage was noise and filled with people.‎ ‎ Before long, a train inspector comes to check out tickets. A passenger realized he couldn’t find his ticket but became quite upset. Then everyone in the carriage began searching the ticket, which was ‎ eventually found under a seat several rows from his owner. The person who found a ticket smiled with pleasure at his success.‎ ‎ No one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticket-owner before. Yet, they had so quickly offered the strangers their help. If we could show concern to others on need, the world would be a better place to live in.‎ ‎1.去掉had 本文叙述的是过去发生的一件事情，不需要使用过去完成时，因为过去完成时表示的是过去的过去的事情。句意：我注意到车厢里很吵闹都是人。‎ ‎2.noise改为noisy 本句中应该使用形容词noisy和系动词was构成系表结构，修饰车里当时的情况。同时noisy与后面的形容词短语filled with…构成并列关系。‎ ‎3.comes改为came 因为本文讲述的是过去发生的事情，所以使用一般过去时的时态。列车员过来检票。‎ ‎4.but改为and 句意：一位乘客找不到自己的票，很难受。上下文之间是顺接关系，所以使用and。But表示上下文之间的转折关系。‎ ‎5.searching后面加for 根据句意可知每个人都帮助他找票。固定搭配search for sth寻找sth；‎ ‎6.his改为its/the 句意：这张票最终是在它的主人几排后面的座位下面被找到的。Its指代the ticket。‎ ‎7.a改为the 使用定冠词the特指上文提及的同一事物，本文中特指前面提及的那张票。‎ ‎8.previous改为previously 本句中应该使用副词previously作状语，修饰谓语动词。形容词previous通常作为定语或者表语，不能做状语。‎ ‎9.strangers改为stranger 句意：他们如此迅速地给与陌生人他们的帮助。本句中的陌生人就是指那张票的主人，是一个单数形式。‎ ‎10.on改为in 固定搭配in need需要。句意：如果我们向那些需要帮助的人表示关心，这个世界就会变得更美好。‎