【英语】2019届二轮复习短文改错解题指导教案（7页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习短文改错解题指导教案（7页word版）

2019 届二轮复习短文改错解题指导教案 第一、二课时 一、学情分析 短文改错题型相对于之前的类型有很大的变化，2013 年之前新课标全国卷的短文改错将 错误设置在每一行，缩小了学生完成的难度，但新题型出现之后，学生普遍觉得不适应，更有 学生完全无法正确对待该题，基础较差的学生对短文改错经常是束手无策，甚至是放任不管， 因为分值不是很高，但在高考中，多得一分也具有压倒性的优势，因此，让学生正确对待改错 题，排除短文改错的心理障碍是提高该部分分值的直接推动力；本次课主要是在学生自己感受 和体验高考改错新题型的基础上，总结改错当中有可能出现的错误，并经过小组讨论的形式， 探究该题型的解题技巧，对答题规范进行训练，最后让学生用自己探索出来的解题方式解决改 错中遇到的问题。 二、题型简介 新型高考改错题是在 2013 年首次出现在新课标全国二卷中的，它是继新课改以来，为了 适应新课改的改革要求，灵活考察学生的英语语言知识水平，测试学生对语言词汇、语言习惯、 固定搭配、惯有句型以及语法、整篇大意的理解和把握而新设的一道综合测试题。这道新题型 的特点具有起点高、开放性、灵活性强等特点，对学生的英语综合知识水平是一道较好的测试 题。和过去的高考英语改错题相比较，新旧题型特点如下： 1. 旧题型要求在固定行中找出语言或语言错误，而新题型则要求在整篇中找出错误。 2. 旧题型 10 行中可能有一处正确或全错，而新题型则在文章中有 10 处错误。 3. 旧题型相对死板，新题型则相对灵活。 4. 旧题型相对固定墨守成规和拘束，新题型相对新颖而开放式。 5. 旧题型相对起点低，模式死板；新题型相对起点高，难度加大，测试效度更强。 三、 教学目标 1. 知识与技能 （1）让学生掌握改错题的出题方向和考察内容。 （2）让学生学会有效的解题技能。 （3）让学生正确、规范的答题。 2. 过程与方法 （1）自主学习 （2）小组讨论 （3）总结呈现 3. 情感态度价值观 （1）排除解题障碍，树立解题信心。 （2）端正学习态度，认真对待考试。 （3）培养团队合作意识。 四、 教学重、难点 1. 让学生整体把握改错题的出题方向。 2. 观察新课标卷中近两年的改错题，并得出自己的努力方向。 3. 训练学生的规范答题。 教学步骤： Before class：先学任务&Warming up: 2009 年海南、宁夏英语卷改错题： 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同学写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（ ）,并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2．只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。 Dear Mrs. Winthrop, So my first week at college is over! No lectures this morning so I think I’d email you and let you know what things are going. how I’m glad to say that anything has worked out fine in the dorm. I remember asking for a room as everything far away from the lifts as possible and they find me a comfortable one on  second floor. found the There are two girls from my course here and I plan to make friend with them so that we can help each friends other on the course work. Everyone else seems very nice and warmly here. with warm Well, I had better to stop now. I’m going to attend mine first lesson this afternoon, for I’ve got to 去掉 my so some preparation to make, Keep in touch. Best, Carol During class： Step1:Discussion (group work) Work in your group and work out the key tested-points of this passage. 1. 考查宾语从句的引导词； 2. 考查不定代词的使用； 3. 考查谓语动词的时态； 4. 考查冠词的使用； 5. 考查名词单复数的使用； 6. 介词的搭配使用； 7. 形容词、副词的正确使用； 8. 非谓语动词的使用； 9. 代词的使用； 10. 并列连词的使用。 Step2: 短文改错题命题特点 1. 短文内容：与学生的学习或生活密切相关，以书信居多。 2. 短文长度：约 100 个词，不少于 95 词，也不多于 110 词。 3. 错误设置：每个句子最多有两处错误，即有的句子无错，有的句子只有一个错误，有的句 子有两个错误。注意：一句不会出现三处错误。 4. 错误类型：1 处多词；1 处少词；8 处错一个词，即多词、少词和错词的比例是 1:1:8。 ⑴ 多一个词，要求考生删除的通常是：冠词、介词、连词、不定式符号、助动词。 ⑵ 少一个词，要求考生添加的通常是：冠词、介词、连词、不定式符号、物主代词。 ⑶ 错一个词，要求考生改正。 Step3：改错题解题原则及步骤 总原则： 改动以最少为原则; 虚词以添加或删除为原则; 实词以改变词形为原则；以保持句子原意为原则。 步骤： 通读全文，掌握大意; 整句分析，逐行推敲; 反复通读，复查验证。 Step4: 短文改错解题技巧 一、逻辑关系错误 1. 语意矛盾：and—but come—go luckily—unluckily here—there unless-if Unfortunately, the Twins Towers destroyed on September 11th, 2001 and I would have the chance to see them by myself. 解析：and 前讲的是双子塔在 2001 年被破坏，and 后讲我将亲自看一眼，两个分句之间构成选 择关系，不是并列关系，所以不用 and，要用 or. More than 1000 paintings will be on show, but high school students and teachers from all the eight districts will come to the event. 解析：有油画展出，和教师、学生能够去看是顺接或并列关系，因此要将 but 变为 and。 I am here in Beijing, and I do wish you could go to visit China. 解析：说话的人在中国北京，邀请别人“来”中国。所以用 come 不用 go. This man might need the umbrella himself， and he preferred to give it to somebody else. 解析：and 改为 but，前后构成转折，用 but。 2. 语意重复：because—so; though--but; repeat--again; improve--better; Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems. 解析：让步状语从句出现，主句不能用 but 连接。 二、习惯搭配错误 1. 错误搭配：enter× into; marry × with; in × last week; all × what; the place where he lives× in; the girl whom he works with× her; 主系表+to do × it. The teacher entered into the classroom, followed by some students. 解析：enter 后不用介词 into 或 in。 She married with a lawyer in last year. 解析：marry 是及物动词，后直接跟宾语，不加介词，last year 是时间状语，前面不用介词 in。 2. 固定搭配：give up; stay up; give in; be filled with; too…to; so/such…that…; whether…or not…;hardly…when…; no sooner…than…；agree with；enjoy…oneself… 等； Immediately the homeless dog filled me of sympathy. 解析：fill 后搭配介词 with。 They quarreled as they could not agree each other. 解析：agree 后与 with 连用。 It was a lesson to us that it was possible give without expecting anything in return. 解析：在 possible 后加 to。由 It is/was possible（或其他形容词）+ to do sth.固定句 型决定。 We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening music. 解析：listen 是不及物动词，后接宾语时必须借助于介词 to，故在 listening 后加上 to. 当堂导练一： 1. I like dancing, my brother likes playing basketball. 2. Last week, she visited the places where she lives in many years ago. 3. Unless you lose heart, you’ll fail. 4. He wrote to me immediately as soon as he got there. 5. Though it was cold, but he went out. 6. Living in a dorm can increase friendship and cooperation among classmates, but of course it is safe. References：1.my 前叫 and 或 but 2.去掉 in 3.Unless-If 4.去掉 immediately 5.去掉 but 6.but 变 and 三、词法错误 1. 名词单复数用错；可数与不可数名词的混用： They take him lots of good book and fresh fruit. 解析：此处 book 改为 books. book 前用 lots of 修饰，应用复数。 The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. 解析：air 是不可数名词，只能用单数形式。 2. 动词：时态和语态的错误；及物动词后无宾语；不及物动词后多了宾语；需要接 ing 形式 的接了 to 等： We must found ways to protect our environment. 解析：把 found 改为 find。情态动词后用动词原形。 I had been looking forward to go there for a long time. 解析：to 是介词，后接动词-ing 形式。 There were lots of visitors stood in front of the ticket window. We waited for a long time and buy three tickets. 解析：stood 是非谓语动词，和 visitors 之间构成主动关系，所以用 standing; 整篇文章的 时态为一般过去时，所以 buy 应该和 waited 并列，buy 变为 bought。 3. 形容词副词：常出现需形容词的地方用了副词或相反；原级、比较级、最高级的错用： Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. 解析：problem 是名词，需要用形容词作定语，不用 seriously，改为 serious。 Unfortunate，I got separated from my parents. 解析：unfortunate 在句子中充当状语，因此只能用 unfortunately。 The fish has gone bad. It tastes terribly. 解析：taste 是系动词，故后接形容词 terrible 作表语，不能用 terribly。 He has a comfortable room，patiently nurses，and a great deal of time to read. 解析：此处 patiently 改为 patient.修饰名词 nurses，用形容词。 This dancer is much more younger than that one. 解析：younger 本身就是比较级，所以去掉前面的 more. 4. 介词：主要是介词的多余或缺失，错用(多为固定搭配)： Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. 解析：随着……的发展要用固定搭配 with the development of sth.的结构，故将 on 改为 with。 Tony saw a toy on a shop window. 解析：玩具是放在橱窗里，所以用介词 in，不用 on。 With the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes in our back garden. 解析：考查固定搭配 with the help of sb.， 所以将介词 by 改为 of。 We have more time with after-school activities. 解析：时间 time 是用来进行课后活动的，表目的，因此将 with 改为 for。 5. 主谓一致性：第三人称单数漏掉 s，或主语为复数，谓语动词用了单数；再就是就近原则 对主语的影响。 It is one of the modern city in the world. 解析：one of 后面接可数名词的复数，因此将 city 改为 cities。 More than 1000 painting will be on show. 解析：painting 是可数名词，被 1000 修饰，应该用复数形式。 There are different train ticket for people to choose from when traveling by train. 解析：谓语 are 是复数，所以 ticket 应该变为 tickets。 6. 冠词：定冠词 the 的多余或缺失，如季节，月份，星期，球类及三餐活动，称呼头衔前等 不能加 the 的地方加了 the，或是 same 等常和 the 一起使用的词却漏税掉了 the；a， an 的 混用，特别注意：hour， honest 等虽然首字母不是元音字母，但其发音却是以元音素开头， 故用 an，而 useful， university， European， one—hour 等虽然首字母是元音字母，但却 以辅音音素开头，故用 a。 And sports center has been built in their place. 解析：在 sports 前应加 a，sports center 是可数名词单数。 Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. 解析：countryside 在词句中是特指，是 my home 的地点状语，所以在 in 的后面叫 the。 I felt really glad that we made difference to the environment. 解析：make a difference 是固定搭配，所以在 make 前叫 a。 The driver put the window down and offered us a umbrella because he found we were wet through. 解析：a 改为 an；由 umbrella 的发音可知以元音因素开头，应用 an。 7. 数词：主要是序数词与基数词的混用和错用，如分数的分子大于一时分母没有用复数等， 基数词的复数形式如几百 hundreds of，几千 thousands of 漏掉了 s，或是当其前有具体数字 或 several 时加了复数，如 seven hundred，写作 seven hundreds。 Some people prefer hard seats to soft one. 解析：one 指代前面的 seats, 所以要用 ones. Hundred of students go to visit the place every year. 解析：在表示百、千、百万、十亿等数词加 of 结构中，数词要用复数形式，故将 hundred 变 为 hundreds. Three thousands students went to study abroad this year. 解析：在表示百、千、百万、十亿等数词前有具体的数字时，百、千、百万、十亿等数词用单 数形式，故将 thousands 改为 thousand。 8. 代词：1）主要是代词的格与数的错用，如男性用了女性代词，单数用了复数代词或相反； 2）应当用形容词性的物主代词用了宾格，主格或相反；3）关系代词的错用或缺失，如只能用 that 引导的用了其它，或在不能用 that 的地方却用了 that，或是在“介词+关系代词”结构 中漏掉了介词等。 The factory …… has been moved out of the city，and a sports center has been built in their place. 解析：将 their 改为 its。因为前文中提到了名词 The factory 是单数，因此把 their 改为 its。 One day I saw a second-hand bicycle，that was only one hundred yuan. 解析：把 that 改为 which，非限制性定语从句的先行词指物时只能用 which 不能用 that。 The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. 解析：The Smiths 指的是一家人，看成是复数，所以后面的形容词性物主代词 his 改为 their. Step5: 当堂导练 1. I like singing, my brother likes dancing. 2. He said that he is writing a new novel. 3. Our task has finished so far. 4. Different people speak different language. 5. Tom book is on the desk. 6. What he needs are money. 7. What he wants is three books. 8. In a fact he has three sons. 9. She stood there, waited for his boy friend. 10. Twenty minutes aren’t enough time to finish this test. 11. Tom has sent to the nearest hospital. 12. Nobody except my parents know anything about it. 13. Tom is one of the students who is from Beijing. 14. Tom is the only one of the students who are from Beijing. 15. It is a great fun to go skating on cold winter days. 16. Every means have been tried, but he won’t lose heart forever. 17. I bought a book yesterday and book is ten Yuan. 18. What he said sounded quite perfectly. 19. It was raining heavily, Little Mary felt cold, so she stood closely to her mother. 20. She not only teaches our English, but also takes us out and shows us around. 21. I teach me English. 22. I think we will enjoy ourself. 23. Which you can see, he is always ready to help others. 24. When the child was young, his mother was very poor that she had to send him to a rich family. 25. It took him several hours persuade her to give up the idea. 26. There had a discussion on how to solve the problem yesterday afternoon. 27. There are three students study in the room. 28. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through it he would see what was happening inside. 29. This was a lie, and his teacher did not know. 30. At the last time I saw her , she was playing with her friends near the river. 31. The crowd waited for to greet them in England. 32. Because the help you gave that summer, my life changed. 33. If the book you want is out, you may ask it to kept for you. 34. The ground is wet, it rained last night. 35. The reason I didn’t go to France was I got a new job. After class: Step6: 自辅落实 It's been a long time since I do did something good for the environment. Feel Feeling responsible to protect the environment, I decided to take action again. I told my idea with to my friends and we planned to plant the trees on the hill in the rural area of the city. We came to the foot of the hill and selected a place where which/that looked suitable and settled down. We spend spent a few hours digging holes and placing the young seedlings (幼苗). Then we wrote our wishes on cards one to by one and buried it them deep down the roots of the trees. We also took numerous pictures. We were such so busy that we didn't realize it was time to go back. I felt really glad that we made ∧ a difference to the environment. Step7:课后反思