2020届高考阅读理解专题阅读细节题分类破解（上）

2020届高考阅读理解专题阅读细节题分类破解（上）

‎2020届高考阅读理解专题阅读细节题分类破解（上）‎ 在高考中，阅读细节题所占的比重最大。细节题相对容易，做好这类题是确保拿下基础分的关键。同时，把握细节，准确获取信息。‎ 解答细节题常见的陷阱有：“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”——即截取原文词语或结构进行改造，对原句做细微改动，如时间、地点、范围、程度、原因和对象等；或者把A的观点说成B的观点等。‎ 解答细节题的方法：先读题干，锁定题眼，然后带着问题快速扫读文章相关段落，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行精准的分析对比，找出答案。倘若有两项说法都正确，就要根据文章主题或主旨进行判断，与主旨一致者即为正确答案。‎ 对于直接事实题，采用对号入座的方式即可解答。‎ 对于间接事实题，考查的内容往往在文中有所隐含，或者选项部分把某处换了个表达方式以此来增加难度。这种题是多数，要特别重视。平时要注意同一个意思的多种表达。‎ 为了提高读者的实战水平，下面进行分类讲解，让读者明白各类题的提问规律，提高解题速度和准确度。‎ 一针对时间、地点提问 针对时间、地点提问的常用句式：‎ ‎1. When did the accident happen?‎ ‎2. How long did the fight last?‎ ‎3. How often do the partners meet?‎ ‎4. What time did the plane take off?‎ ‎5. Where did the hero first come across the heroine?‎ 例1：(2011陕西B) When was the second child of Irene Curie and Frederic Joliot born?‎ A. In 1932. B. In 1927. ‎ C. In 1897. D. In 1926.‎ 原文：They soon fell in love and were married in 1926. Their daughter Helene was born in 1927 and their son Pierre five years later.‎ 答案：A 解析：根据“Their daughter Helene was born in 1927 and their son Pierre five years later”可知选A。‎ 例2：(2011天津C) According to the passage, where would the project be more easily carried out?‎ A. In large communities with little sense of unity. ‎ B. In large cities where libraries are far from home.‎ C. In medium-sized cities with a diverse population.‎ D. In large towns where agreement can be quickly reached.‎ 原文：The only problem arose in New York, where local readers could not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population. ‎ This may show that the idea works best in medium-sized cities or large towns, where a greater sense of unity (一致）can be achieved. Or it may show that New Yorkers rather missed the point, putting all their energy.‎ 答案：D解析：根据“This may show that the idea works best in medium-sized cities or large towns, where a greater sense of unity(一致）can be achieved”可知D项正确。‎ 二针对原因提问 针对原因提问的常用句式：‎ ‎1. Why does the author mention …?‎ ‎2. What is the reason /the cause for …?‎ ‎3. The harbour survived the storm owing to ______. ‎ ‎4. The girl refused to ask for help because she thought . ‎ ‎5. The ecological disaster in Nauru resulted from _______.‎ ‎6. According to …, it is difficult for schools to offer the mentoring due to _____.‎ 例：（2012全国新课标B）Why is it difficult to find a wild bees’ nest?‎ A. It’s small in size. ‎ B. It’s hidden in trees.‎ C. It’s covered with wax.‎ D. It’s hard to recognize.‎ 原文：Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them.‎ 答案：B 解析：根据“these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them”可知选B。‎ 三 针对条件提问 针对条件提问的常用句式:‎ ‎1. If the price is reasonable, the shopper will .‎ ‎2. The son could drive the car on condition that .‎ ‎3. The conference will be put off unless .‎ 例：（2010湖南A）If it has been over 12 hours since you missed a dose, you should . ‎ A. change the amount of your next dose ‎ B. eat more when taking your next dose C. have a dose as soon as you remember D. take the next dose at your regular time 原文：HOW TO TAKE LIPITOR ‎ DO：‎ ‎’Take Lipitor as prescribed by your doctor．‎ ‎‘Try to eat heart-healthy foods while you take Lipitor．‎ ‎‘Take Lipitor at any time of day, with or without food．‎ ‎‘If you miss a dose(一剂),take it as soon as you remember.But if it has been more than 12 hourssince you missed a dose,wait. Take the next dose at your regular time.‎ 答案：D解析：根据最后一句可知，如果错过了12小时，就等到下一次固定的时间服药。‎ 四 针对目的提问 针对目的提问时，有的是针对文中某个细节或某段的；有的是针对全文的写作目的的，此类也属于主旨题和推断题，在后面对应的专题中都会涉及。‎ 此种题型的常用提问句式：‎ ‎1. What is … aimed at?‎ ‎2. … is … intended/meant/designed for .‎ ‎3. What does the writer intend to tell us?‎ ‎4. What might be the author’s purpose in writing the text?‎ ‎5. The program aims to _____. ‎ ‎6. For what purpose did Peter call Tracy?‎ ‎7. The writer mentions … in order to .‎ ‎8. The writer’s purpose for writing this article is to 　　　.‎ 例：(2012山东A)What might be the author’s purpose in writing the text? ‎ A. To seek help for Nauru’s problems.‎ B. To give a warning to other countries.‎ C. To show the importance of money.‎ D. To tell a heartbreaking story of a war.‎ 原文：The Pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful place. Now it is an ecological disaster area. Nauru’s heartbreaking story could have one good consequence — other countries might learn from its mistakes.‎ 答案：B解析：根据最后一句可知写此文是为了警示其它国家。‎ 五针对方式提问 涉及方式的提问，如果是关于写作方法的就属于主旨题，这里主要探讨细节题。‎ 针对方式提问的常用句式：‎ ‎1. In what way is the library “pedestrian-friendly”?‎ ‎2. How does Mr. Cool manage to travel the Information Highway so fast?‎ ‎3. The author develops the second paragraph mainly by .‎ ‎4. The main way of handling waste in a green manner in Edinburgh is ________.‎ ‎5. The honey guide is special in the way ____________.‎ ‎6. The method the writer uses to develop Paragraph 4 is ‎ _________________.‎ 例：（2012全国新课标D）The author explains the law of overlearning by _________.‎ A. presenting research findings B. setting down general rules C. making a comparison D. using examples 原文：‎ One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials (尝试) increase the length of time we will remember it.‎ In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.‎ The multiplication tables (乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.‎ 答案：D 解析：根据“In childhood we usually continue to practice such ‎ skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them”可知作者是通过举例说明的方法来解释这个原理的。故D正确。‎ 六针对人物、事物提问 针对人物、事物提问的常用句式：‎ ‎1. What did the tourists miss in the national park?‎ ‎2. What is the function of the new invention?‎ ‎3. Who helped the victim in the end? ‎ ‎4. For whom did the director buy the gift?‎ 例1： (2011全国卷Ⅰ E)Who should you get in touch with if you hope to work in a radio station?‎ A. Producer Vacancies, Kiss l00．‎ B. Mrs Oglivie，Palmlace Limited．‎ C. The Enterprise Shopping Centre．‎ D. Wealden District Council．‎ 原文：‎ Wanted, Someone for a Kiss We’re looking for producers to join US on the sound of London Kiss 100 FM. You’ll work on the Station’s music programmes. Music production ‎ experience in radio is necessary, along with rich knowledge of modern dance music. Please apply(申请) in writing to Producer Vacancies, Kiss 100.‎ 答案：A 解析：根据最后一句可知选A。‎ 例2：（2011湖北A）What lesson has the author learnt from his experience? ‎ A. Learning from parents is necessary. ‎ B. Jumping to a conclusion is dangerous.‎ C. Telling the truth may not always be the best solution.‎ D. Selecting pleasant words may not be the perfect policy.‎ 原文：As it turned out, it wasn’t cancer. But I did learn that when someone is stressed and worried about their loved one they’re sometimes selective in what they hear — and as a doctor it’s important to be mindful of this. In being truthful, I’d made the situation worse.‎ 答案：C 解析：根据“But I did learn that when someone is stressed and worried about their loved one they’re sometimes selective in what they hear — and as a doctor it’s important to be mindful of this. In being truthful, I’d made the situation worse.”可知，由于实话实说，“我”把情况弄得更糟，与C项吻合。‎