【英语】2019-2020学年二轮复习英语新考势突破检测：13特殊句式作业

【英语】2019-2020学年二轮复习英语新考势突破检测：13特殊句式作业

课时作业13　特殊句式 ‎(建议用时　40分钟)‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．—I probably shouldn't have any more cake.‎ ‎—Oh, ________ (go) ahead.It won't kill you.‎ ‎2．One more hour ________ I'll get the work finished.‎ ‎3．________ me tomorrow and I'll let you know the lab result.‎ ‎4．A bit more effort, I think，________ you will settle the problem.‎ ‎5．________ a shame! In the end, we couldn't help collecting the rubbish before we left.‎ 答案与解析 ‎1．go　考查祈使句。由语境可知此处为祈使句，祈使句由“动词原形＋其他部分”组成，故用go。go ahead“继续，请吧”。句意：——我可能不应该再吃蛋糕了。——哦，吃吧。它要不了你的命。 ‎ ‎2．and　考查特殊句式。句意：再有一个小时我就把工作完成了。本句是“祈使句/名词短语＋and＋陈述句”这一固定句式。 ‎ ‎3．Call　考查特殊句式。句意：明天给我打电话，我就告诉你实验结果。分析句子结构可知，这是“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句式，因此应用动词原形开头。‎ ‎4．and　考查特殊句式。根据句型结构。先把插入语“I think”去掉，则不难看出“A bit more effort”为省去动词的祈使句，‎ 空后为陈述句，故根据句意可知此处填and。句意：我认为，再加把劲，你会解决这个问题的。 ‎ ‎5．What　考查感叹句。句意：多么羞愧的事情！此句为感叹句，修饰可数名词shame，感叹句构成为：what＋a＋adj.＋可数名词单数！应用what引导感叹句。 ‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．Listen carefully and you'll miss something important.________ ‎ ‎2．Speaking clearly, or you will make yourself misunderstood.________‎ ‎3．Only a few days after I arrived in the UK did I realize what changeable the weather was.________ ‎ ‎4．How fun it is to swim in the river.________ ‎ ‎5．When asking how he knew where they were, Henry laughed and pointed to a student who was wearing an MIT sweatshirt.________‎ 答案与解析 ‎1．and→or　考查特殊句式。句意：仔细听，否则你会错过一些重点。此句为祈使句＋or＋句子。or表示否则。 ‎ ‎2．Speaking→Speak　考查特殊句式。句意：说清楚一些，否则你会被别人误解的。此句为祈使句＋or＋句子。故应用动词原形。 ‎ ‎3．what→how　考查感叹句。句意：在我到达英国后仅仅几天，我就意识到了这里的天气是多么变化无常。根据感叹句的结构how＋adj.＋主语＋系动词可知需将what改为how。‎ ‎4．How→What　考查感叹句。句意：在河里游泳是多少有趣的事情啊！fun为不可数名词，根据感叹句的结构可知，需将How改为What。 ‎ ‎5．asking→asked　考查省略句式。句意：当被问到他是如何知道他们在哪的，他笑着指向一个身着MIT运动衫的学生。此处为状语从句的省略，当从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句含有be动词时，可将从句主语及be动词一起省略，即“When (he was) asked how he knew where they were...”。‎ Ⅲ.阅读理解 ‎(2019年安徽省示范性高中皖北协作区联考)‎ If you buy a washing machine, a fridge or a television in Europe, it comes with a sticker.Thanks to a 1992 EU rule, all appliances must be labelled (贴标签) with their energy efficiency. So why has our food system，which threatens 10，000 species with extinction, produces about 30% of greenhouse gases, and drives 80% of our air pollution—only ever had voluntary ecolabels?‎ The appliances ruling had a huge impact; initially, 75% of fridges and freezers were rated G to D(low efficiency), but today 98% are classed A＋＋ or A＋＋＋. Worldwide, the energy efficiency of labelled appliances has increased three times faster than appliances without labels. Introducing an equal system for food could have an even bigger impact.‎ Mandatory environmental labels would change how we produce and ‎ consume in farreaching ways.First, producers would have to measure their impacts in a uniform way and be accountable for the results. This would not be expensive: it is free to monitor environmental impacts using digital tools such as Field print and the Cool Farm Tool.Second, they support sustainable consumption.Our research found that products that look, taste and cost the same can have dramatically different environmental impacts.Highimpact beef producers use 5，700% more land and create 1，000% more greenhouse gases than lowimpact producers.Labels would allow consumers to tell these products apart.‎ They would highlight both highand lowimpact producers, in the same way, across multiple products.This would encourage more people to think about their choices by exposing them to the facts every time they are in the shops. We can also use labels to turn smaller consumer changes into large environmental benefits: because a small number of producers create a large share of the impact, simply avoiding highimpact producers can make a huge contribution to pollution reductions.‎ ‎1．Why does the author mention the appliances in Paragraph 1 ?‎ A．To applaud the 1992 EU rule.‎ B．To bring up the topic of labelling food.‎ C．To point out the pollution they caused.‎ D．To compare their energy consumption rates.‎ ‎2．What do the figures in Paragraph 2 show?‎ A．The importance of saving energy.‎ B．The debate about ecolabelled appliances.‎ C．The effectiveness of the appliances ruling.‎ D．The problem caused by appliances of low efficiency.‎ ‎3．What does the word “Mandatory” in Paragraph 3 mean?‎ A．Compulsory. B．Effective.‎ C．Different. D．Independent.‎ ‎4．What can be learned about ecolabels?‎ A．They will increase the profits of lowimpact producers.‎ B．They can show producers' environmental impacts.‎ C．They will guide consumers to buy healthier food.‎ D．They can expose consumers to more products.‎ 答案与解析 文章大意：本文是议论文。自欧盟出台家电强制环保规定以来，家电的能耗逐年下降。作者认为也应在食品上加上强制环保标识，以降低食品零售业的能耗。‎ ‎1．B　推理判断题。第一段中作者先预设了“在欧洲购买家电”的情景，由此引出1992年欧盟出台的针对家电的强制环保标识，随即设问“为何不在食品上也加上类似的环保标识”。由此可知，作者在第一段中提到洗衣机、冰箱、电视机这些家电是为了引出“给食品加环保标识”的话题。故选B。‎ ‎2．C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的75% of fridges and freezers ‎ were rated G to D (low efficiency), but today 98% are classed A＋＋ or A＋＋＋.Worldwide, the energy efficiency of labelled appliances has increased three times faster than appliances without labels.可知，作者在第二段中将未使用环保标识前家电的能耗与使用环保标识后家电的能耗作了对比，用真实的数据证实了“环保标识”的有效性。故选C。‎ ‎3．A　词义猜测题。根据第一段中的all appliances must be labelled (贴标签) with their energy efficiency.So why has our food system... voluntary ecolabels及第二段的末句Introducing an equal system for food could have an even bigger impact.可知，家电上的环保标识是强制性的，作者在文中建议在食品上加上与家电上类似的环保标识，由此可知，Mandatory意为“强制性的”。must be, voluntary及equal是解题的关键词。故选A。‎ ‎4．B　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的They would highlight both highand lowimpact producers, in the same way, across multiple products.可知，环保标识能够将高能耗与低能耗的食品生产者区别开来。也就是说，环保标识能指示食品生产者的能耗。故选B。‎ Ⅳ.七选五 ‎(2019年湖南师大附中高三月考)‎ Concern about extinction—the permanent loss of a species—motivates a wide variety of people to take action to protect animal species at risk of dying out.Animal protection and animal rights ‎ are familiar themes associated with the field of environmental activism.Certainly, endangered animals suffer no lack of support. __1__‎ Surprisingly, some of the most endangered plants are species that, up until recently, were used by humans as necessary food crops. __2__‎ In order to maximize productivity, farmers have chosen to focus on a handful of highyield crops that can be harvested efficiently.At one time, the number of plant species used by humans to meet their nutritional requirements numbered above 7，000.Now, it is around 150.Some experts even claim that humans actually rely on just twelve species of plants for most of their food.‎ A single food crop generally contains several species, which may be further divided into hundreds of varieties, but these varieties are quickly disappearing. __3__ Eighty percent of the corn varieties grown in Mexico in 1930 have disappeared.Ninety percent of the 10，000 wheat varieties cultivated in China 1949 are no longer used.‎ ‎__4__ Crop diversity is a factor that ensures the continuation of certain beneficial natural processes in ecosystems—the cycling of nutrients, management of pests, and maintenance of water quality.__5__ Clearly, there is an urgent need to preserve the plant's irreplaceable crop diversity before it is lost completely.‎ A．You probably want to know the exact approach to protecting endangered plants.‎ B．Also, crop diversity provides the necessary gene pool to supply crops with a variety of traits(特点)．‎ C．Threatened by current shortsighted farming techniques, crop diversity has shrunk dramatically.‎ D．However, endangered plants are defended by few.‎ E．Examples of losses in crop diversity have been recorded worldwide.‎ F．The permanent loss of plant species represents a huge threat to humanity.‎ G．Thanks to modern farming techniques, many countries have taken measures to protect them.‎ 答案与解析 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，人们非常重视保护濒危动物，实际上世界上有很多植物也濒临灭绝。保持粮食作物的多样性对人类意义重大，文章对此做了具体说明。‎ ‎1．D　横线前句“Certainly, endangered animals suffer no lack of support.”告诉我们很多濒危动物得到了人类的帮助。第二段开始介绍很多植物也濒临灭绝，但并没有得到人们的保护。D项“However, endangered plants are defended by few”符合上下文语境，所以选择D项。‎ ‎2．C　横线前一句告诉我们很多濒危的植物直到近年来才成为人们的食物来源，但很快就濒临灭绝。本句应该分析具体原因，C 项“Threatened by current shortsighted farming techniques, crop diversity has shrunk dramatically”符合上下文语境，所以选择C项。‎ ‎3．E　横线前句“ these varieties are quickly disappearing.”告诉我们这种粮食作物的多样性很快就消失了。横线后一句介绍了1930年墨西哥百分之80的玉米物种已经消失了。E项“Examples of losses in crop diversity have been recorded worldwide.”指人们已经记录了粮食作物的多样性很快就消失的例子。E项符合语境，所以选择E项。‎ ‎4．F　横线后句“Crop diversity is a factor that ensures the continuation of certain beneficial natural processes in ecosystems”告诉我们粮食多样性能够保证生态系统中某些自然过程的延续，如果某些植物消失了，对人类来说也是一个威胁。F项“The permanent loss of plant species represents a huge threat to humanity.”符合上下文语境，所以选择F项。‎ ‎5．B　横线前句“Crop diversity is a factor that ensures the continuation of certain beneficial natural processes in ecosystems”告诉我们粮食多样性能够保证生态系统中某些自然过程的延续，对人类有很大的好处。B项“Also, crop diversity provides the necessary gene pool to supply crops with a variety of traits.”解释了粮食多样性的重要性，与上下文一致，所以选择B项。‎ Ⅴ.语法填空 ‎(2019年湖南省益阳市高三上学期期末考试)‎ Do you know that some of the most interesting urban gardens are in ‎ unexpected places? They may be on top of __1__ public building, in the middle of a commercial district, or in the terminal of one of the world's __2__ (busy) airports.You may have wandered on a sidewalk next to a “secret garden”__3__ realizing it was just around the corner or on the other side of a wall.‎ If you don't know these attractive __4__ (nature) spaces exist，you might never experience them.At the same time, the fact that these places escape notice__5__ (make) them worth seeking out.‎ St.DunstanintheEast is a historic church in London, which has a history of hundreds of years.It survived the Great Fire of London in the 17th century, but it __6__ (hit) by a German bomb during World War II.St.Dunstan was rebuilt in the 1960s.Later, the city turned the grounds into a public garden.‎ St.Dunstan is on a quiet street, but it's only a short walk from major __7__ (tour) attractions like the Tower of London.This peaceful park reportedly gets __8__ (relative) crowded at noon on sunny days during __9__ time office workers from the nearby buildings come to eat lunch.At most other times, however, it's a quiet place __10__ (get) away.‎ 答案与解析 文章大意：本文为应用文。主要告诉我们一些最有趣的城市花园会在意想不到的地方，它们常会被人们忽略，但这些地方值得我们去体验。比如东区圣邓斯肯教堂景点就是这样的一个地方 ‎，是伦敦一座历史悠久的教堂，有着数百年的历史，是一个适合休闲的地方。‎ ‎1．a　考查不定冠词。句意：它们可能在公共建筑的顶部，商业区的中间，……。根据后面的“in the middle of a commercial district，”可知，此处表示泛指，且是第一次提到，故要用不定冠词a。‎ ‎2．busiest　考查形容词最高级。句意： 在世界上最繁忙的机场之一的终点站。根据前面的“of one of the world's”可知要用最高级，故填busiest。‎ ‎3．without　考查语境。句意：你可能在“秘密花园”旁边的人行道上漫步，却没有意识到它就在拐角处或墙的另一边。分析语境可知，此处要用一个否定的介词，故填 without。‎ ‎4．natural　考查形容词作定语。句意：如果你不了解这些有吸引力的自然空间的存在，你可能永远不会体验到它们。分析句子可知，本空在句中作定语，修饰名词spaces，修饰名词要用形容词，故填natural。‎ ‎5．makes　考查谓语动词。句意：这些没有被人们注意的地方值得我们去寻找。分析句子可知，本句是同位语从句。主语是the fact，是单数，故谓语动词make要用单数，加s，故填makes。‎ ‎6．was hit　考查被动语态。句意：但它在第二次世界大战期间被德国炸弹击中。分析句子可知，本句的主语是it，谓语动词是hit，根据后面的“by a German bomb during”可知要用被动。根据时间状语“World War II”可知，要用一般过去时的被动语态，因此填was hit。‎ ‎7．tourist　考查名词辨析。句意：圣邓斯坦在一条安静的街道上，‎ 但距离伦敦塔等主要旅游景点只有很短的路程。根据语境可知，此处是指旅游景点，tourist attractions n．“观光胜地，旅游景点”为固定搭配，故填名词tourist。‎ ‎8．relatively　考查副词辨析。句意：据报道，在阳光明媚的日子里，这个宁静的公园在中午会相对拥挤。分析句子可知，本空在句中修饰形容词crowded，修饰形容词要用副词形式，故填relatively。‎ ‎9．which　考查定语从句。句意：据报道，这座宁静的公园在阳光明媚的中午会相对地拥挤起来，在这段时间内，附近建筑物的办公室工作人员会来这吃午饭。分析句子可知，本句是定语从句，其中先行词是用noon ，先行词在定语从句中作介词during的宾语，即在中午时，因此要用关系词 which。‎ ‎10．to get　考查固定用法。句意：然而，在大多数时候，这是一个安静的适合度假的地方。分析句子可知，It is ＋名词＋动词不定式，其中要用动词不定式表目的。故本空填to get。‎ Ⅵ.短文改错 ‎(2019年安徽省示范性高中皖北协作区高三联考 )‎ During my last summer holiday, I go to France with my father to do some sightseeing.On third day, our bus pulled into a motorway service station. Our guide told us we wouldn't stop again that day, so we had to eat a meal in the only restaurant here.There was a problem.When I asked about fish, in my terrible French, the assistant thought I wanted chickens.Anyway, ten minutes late, I got my meal.I thought the food ‎ would be dull, what wasn't the case at all.Wonderfully cooking, it tasted delicious and had been nothing in common with motorway food elsewhere.Maybe I shouldn't have been so surprising as this, after all, was France.‎ 文章大意：本文为记叙文，讲述作者在去年暑假与父亲一起去法国观光的见闻经历。‎ ‎1．考查时态。根据本句时间状语可知，叙述过去事件，用一般过去时态，故将 go改为went。‎ ‎2．考查冠词用法。表示顺序的序数词前需加定冠词，故在third前加the。‎ ‎3．考查地点副词。根据语境可知，本文叙述去法国观光经历，应用there指代，故将here改为there。‎ ‎4．考查介词固定搭配。句意：当我用蹩脚的法语要鱼时，店员以为我要的是鸡。根据句意可知，作者用法语点餐，想要吃鱼，ask for sth.“请求/要求……”，故将about改为for。‎ ‎5．考查名词形式。chicken此处意为“鸡肉”，为不可数名词，故将chickens改为chicken。‎ ‎6．考查副词。 表达“十分钟后”固定说法为ten minutes later，故将late改为later。‎ ‎7．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我原以为饭菜会很乏味，但事实并非如此。在非限制性定语从句中，应该用which指代前文内容，并在从句中作主语，故将what改为which。‎ ‎8．考查非谓语动词作状语。此处动词cook与主语之间为被动关系，用过去分词，故将cooking改为cooked。‎ ‎9．考查固定短语。have nothing in common with sth.意为“与……毫无共同之处”，故去掉been。‎ ‎10．考查形容词化的过去分词作表语。本句主语为I，故应用surprised形式作表语，意为“感到吃惊的”，故将 surprising改为surprised。‎