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【英语】2019届二轮复习考点理清(一)—谓语动词的3大关注点(时态、语态、主谓一致)(6页word版)
2019届二轮复习考点理清(一)—谓语动词的3大关注点(时态、语态、主谓一致) 时态问题 方法1 通过“时态定义”解决时态问题 准确理解常考时态的定义是做题的根本。 [典例1] (2019届高三·成都模拟)The graduation ceremony itself takes place at the end of May or beginning of June, which usually ___63___ (include) music awards, and a guest speaker. 分析:本句表示经常做的事情,应用一般现在时,故填includes。 [典例2] (2019届高三·洛阳联考)It was March when my brother and his wife __66__ (expect) their second boy. 分析:表示过去某一阶段持续的动作,应用过去进行时,故填were expecting。 方法2 通过“标志性状语”解决时态问题 在题干中,yesterday, tomorrow, always, in the past few years, so far等都是动词时态常用的标志性状语,做题时可以通过寻找时间标志词来判定时态。 [典例1] (2019届高三·济南模拟)I made my first visit to China in 2008 and last year, I__61__ (be) lucky enough to take part in an event called “Shanxi in the eyes of foreigners”. 分析:句中有表示时间的标志性状语last year,判定应用一般过去时,故填was。 [典例2] (2019届高三·德州模拟)Its success is very encouraging in today's television world where reality shows __69__ (play) a leading part so far. 分析:so far表示“迄今为止”,与其匹配的时态是现在完成时,故填have played。 方法3 通过“动作先后关系”解决时态问题 当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时,它们的发生时间有一定的先后关系。我们可以根据这种先后关系来判定时态。 [典例1] (2019届高三·成都模拟)However, when the shine and excitement of the presents and the parties began to wear off, the young princess found that her handsome young husband wasn't as wonderful as she __66__(expect). 分析:主句的时态为一般过去时,expect表示的动作发生在“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时,故填had expected。 [典例2] (2019届高三·押题卷一)I can say honestly that our journey to China is an unforgettable experience that __70__ (remember) and looked back on fondly by all of us. 分析:空前that指代an unforgettable experience,且与remember之间是被动关系,再结合前面is可知,应用一般将来时,故填will be remembered。 方法4 通过“语境暗示”解决时态问题 有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下,正确理解语境也是解决时态问题 的一条行之有效的方法。 [典例1] (2019届高三·六盘山模拟)A group of frogs were traveling through the woods, and two of them __61__ (fall) into a hole. 分析:根据第一个并列分句中的谓语动词were traveling可知,此处应用一般过去时表示短暂动作,故填fell。 [典例2] (2019届高三·六安模拟)The ass found that he __65__ (fall) into worse hands. 分析:宾语从句的谓语动作发生在主句谓语动作之前,表示“过去的过去”,故填had fallen。 方法5 通过“常用句式”解决时态问题 掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题的快速且行之有效的方式,因此要熟记一些常用句式。 [典例1] The hall was dark when I came in; the show was about __66__ (begin). 分析:此处考查be about to do sth.意为“马上就要做某事”,故填to begin。 [典例2] One day I __66__ (read) a newspaper when I noticed a photo of a young woman who looked very much like Linda and whose last name was Wagman — Linda's married name. 分析:考查句式be doing ...when ...,再根据One day可判断应用过去进行时,故填was reading。 语态问题 方法 通过“逻辑关系”解决语态问题 有时候做题时我们对于时态问题比较关注,但往往忽略了语态,因此我们可以采用“先语态、后时态”的方式。 [典例1] (2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Truly elegant chopsticks might __62__ (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. 分析:情态动词后跟动词原形,但此处might后能填make吗?通过分析可知,elegant chopsticks与make之间为被动关系,应用被动语态,故填be made。 [典例2] (2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sarah __63__ (tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. 分析:此处句子的意思应为“有人告诉过Sarah,她可能是英国的一名新超模,下一年能挣一百万美元”,故句子谓语应该使用现在完成时的被动语态。由从句的谓语动词could be可知此处也可以使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填has been told/was told。 主谓一致问题 方法1 通过“语法一致”原则解决主谓一致问题 1.可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数;可数名词复数作主语时谓语动词用复数。 2.在定语从句中,关系代词that, who, which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。 3.单个的动名词、名词性从句作主语,谓语动词一般用单数。但what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时,谓语动词用复数。 4.主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, but, except, along with, rather than等引起的短语时,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 [典例1] (2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fast food __67__ (be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. 分析:此处句子的主语fast food是不可数名词短语,故谓语动词应用单数,再根据行文时态,可知填is。 [典例2] (2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow __63__ (be) often acceptable. 分析:此处句子的主语是单个的动名词短语leaving the less important things until tomorrow,故谓语动词应用单数,再结合时态,可知填is。 方法2 通过“意义一致”原则解决主谓一致问题 1.集体名词作主语时,若被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员,谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有:family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience等。 2.“分数/百分数/the majority+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义;all, some, half, most, the rest等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。 [典例] (2018·衡水中学模拟)98% of the surface __65__ (cover) permanently by ice and strong winds driven by gravity blow from the pole to the coastline. 分析:本句主语为“分数+of+名词”,其中名词the surface为单数,故谓语动词应用单数形式,又根据句意,此处描述客观事实且表示“被覆盖”,故填is covered。 方法3 通过“就近一致”原则解决主谓一致问题 由either ...or ..., neither ...nor ..., not only ...but also ...等连接的并列主语或者在there be句型中,谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 [典例] (2018·西安模拟)Not only Jasper but also his friends __62__ (be) planning to go, because they have never been there before. 分析:主语由not only ...but also连接,谓语动词应与his friends保持一致,再结合本句时态,可知应填are。 [特别提醒] 特殊动词特殊对待 有些动词(短语)的用法特殊,例如belong to不用于进行时和被动语态;date back to/date from常用于一般现在时等。对此熟练掌握是准确解题的前提。 [典例1] The festival __64__ (date) back to the Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 220). 分析:date back to意为“追溯到”,没有被动语态,且常与一般现在时连用,故填dates。 [典例2] It is about taking action to show the world that the right to read and write __64__ (belong) to all people. 分析:主句为It is about taking action to show the world,that引导宾语从句,其中主语是the right to read and write,belong to为从句的谓语,它不用于进行时和被动语态,故填belongs。 [即时强化训练] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.(2018·泉州模拟)They looked at more than 200 studies of the content and associated_ (associate) health gains of organic and nonorganic food. 2.(2019届高三·贵阳监测)It was believed that after the Nian ate (eat) the food they prepared, it wouldn't attack people any more. 3.(2018·六安模拟)In terms of the “new four great inventions”, Charlie Dai, principal analyst of American market research company Forrester, said, “So far these products and services have_improved (improve) customer experience, promoting national and global economy at the same time.” 4.(2019届高三·太原阶段性测评)Furthermore, the amount of sleep has_changed (change) greatly over the past 15 years. 5.(2018·广州模拟)Even today, classic poems are_appreciated (appreciate) by a lot of people. 6.(2018·柳州模拟)When the publisher introduced the The Legend of the Condor Heroes, it _was_referred (refer) to as a Chinese version of Game of Thrones (《权力的游戏》). 7.(2018·南宁模拟)The word was_created (create) about 50 years ago by former Vogue editor Diana Vreeland, who used it to describe young people's impact on fashion and music. 8.(2019届高三·临沂模拟)Nonaka grew up in a large family and_succeeded (succeed) his parents running the inn. 9.(2019届高三·贵阳监测)The festival traditionally begins (begin) on the first day of the first month in the Chinese calendar and ends with Lantern Festival which/that is on the 15th day. 10.(2018·成都模拟)This sport became (become) more popular in the 1990s when many films were made on it. 11.(2019届高三·福州四校联考)It always lifts (lift) my spirits, but now I know that it is an act of gratitude (感激) to the musicians and the music. 12.(2018·玉溪模拟)At the end of December, the library's old and classic books will_be_put (put) online too, making the total number of books available and bringing borrowers a lot of convenience. 13.(2018·内江三模)The same belief in the value of cultural exchanges is_shared/has been_shared (share) by the two festivals. 14.(2018·重庆三模)From now on, instead of seeing the usual black rubbish cans all over the school, you will_see (see) three different colors of rubbish cans. 15.(2018·郑州质检)In general, preparing for new debate topics usually includes (include) brainstorming arguments, researching a resolution (解决), and doing debate practice. 16.(2018·遵义模拟)The word“renaissance”_comes (come) from Latin and means “to be born again”. 17.(2018·宣城二模)The humble (谦逊的) man refused (refuse) an interview invitation after becoming an Internet star and said that he just did what he felt he should. 18.(2018·重庆模拟)In many ancient cultures, 12 was_considered (consider) to be a perfect number. 19.(2019届高三·烟台模拟)Part of the reason why releasing balloons is_permitted (permit) in so many places is that some balloons do break down eventually. 20.(2018· 南昌模拟)Facial recognition technology_has_been_extended (extend) into many areas of school life so far. Ⅱ.单句改错 1.(2018·南宁模拟)Jack lives in a small town in England. He usually stayed in his own country during the holidays.stayed→stays 2.(2018·遵义模拟)Last summer, I went hiking in the Yellow Mountain with my friends. Everything goes well at first but something terrible happened later.goes→went 3.(2018·南阳模拟)When my English teacher told me that I had chosen as a competitor, I devoted myself to the preparation.had后加been 4.(2018·大庆模拟)We can chat a lot online or face to face, which really worked.worked→works 5.(2019届高三·黄冈模拟)It was at the Red Store that I found a broken rocking chair and put it in the back of my truck. The seat is split into two, from front to back.is→was 6.(2018·沙市模拟)This morning, I, together with my parents, go to the secondhand book market near my home.go→went 7.(2018·南昌模拟)Our class came up with the idea to make better use of used materials. We had brought to our classroom wornout clothes, pieces of cardboard, and turned those into dolls, handbags, tissue boxes and small vases.去掉had 8.(2018·新余模拟)Many of the students feel strongly against the rule, arguing that the mobile had become a necessary part of our life._had→has 9.(2019届高三·赤峰模拟)My favorite proverb is “A friend in need is a friend indeed”. It mean that true friends always come to you when you are in trouble.mean→means 10.(2018·成都模拟)How can I persuade them to accept the fact that I had grown up?had→have查看更多