【英语】2018届二轮复习短文语法填空典题10篇训练之二（含有解析）学案（13页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习短文语法填空典题10篇训练之二（含有解析）学案（13页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 短文语法填空典题10篇训练之二 ‎【一】‎ A recent study shows that most adults did household chores 1. (active) when they were young.Most kids today do not do as many household chores as before， 2. same study shows.‎ An expert said，“Parents today want their kids to spend more time 3. things that can bring them money and honour.They have stopped 4. (do) the one thing that has proven to bring success.That is doing household chores.”‎ Another study finds that compared with the kids 5. didn't do household chores，young adults beginning chores at ages 3 and 4 were more likely 6. (succeed)．They had better family relationships，did better in school，performed better at work and were more independent.‎ Personal happiness 7. (say) to come from strong relationships.It begins by learning to be kind and 8. (help) to their parents at home.‎ If your kids say they have to skip chores because it's time they 9. (deal) with their homework，you'd better not let them off the hook.If you do，your child may think grades are more important than caring about others.“What may seem like small 10. (message) at the moment add up to big ones over time，” says an expert.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。一项研究表明，现在的大部分成年人小时候都做过家务，而现在的大部分孩子不像以前的孩子那样做很多家务了。‎ ‎1．解析：actively。考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰谓语动词，故要用副词形式actively。‎ ‎2．解析：the。考查冠词。此处的“study”就是上文提到的那个“study”，故用定冠词the表示特指。‎ ‎3．解析：on。考查介词。根据固定搭配spend sth.on sth.可知，此处填介词on。‎ ‎4．解析：doing。考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，这里说的是“停止做某事”，而不是“停下来去做某事”，故用stop doing sth.搭配。‎ ‎5．解析：who/that。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中引导定语从句，先行词为kids，关系代词在从句中作主语，因此本空填who/that。‎ ‎6．解析：to succeed。考查非谓语动词。此处是be likely to do sth.句型，故填不定式。‎ ‎7．解析：is said。考查时态和语态。本句含有“be said＋动词不定式”结构，且这里说的是现在的一般情况，主语为Personal happiness，因此填is said。‎ ‎8．解析：helpful。考查形容词。本空应填形容词helpful与kind并列作表语。‎ ‎9．解析：dealt/should deal。考查虚拟语气。It's time (that) ...句型中，that从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用一般过去时或should＋do，其中should不可以省略。‎ ‎10．解析：messages。考查名词复数。message是可数名词，其前没有冠词，故要用其复数形式。‎ ‎【二】‎ Although Socrates (苏格拉底) was poor all his life，he never asked his pupils to pay for their lessons.He taught 1. the love of wisdom，not for money.And 2. he had to say was always new and worth hearing.All his pupils loved him.‎ But his unusual ways of teaching and his demand that students always ask questions made him some 3. (danger) enemies.The rulers did not want to be questioned.So they 4. (false) accused Socrates of teaching young men bad things and 5. (lead) them to ignore religion.In fact Socrates was a very religious man.His enemies had him 6. (arrest)，and he was sentenced to death by poisoning.‎ During the 30 days before he was put to death，his friends and pupils 7. (allow) to visit him in his prison.They were astonished to find that 8. was calm and cheerful.He had no fear of dying.When the deadly poison was finally brought to Socrates，his friends were in 9. (tear)，but Socrates seemed to be the 10. (brave) man in the room.He raised the cup and drank it as if it were a glass of banquet wine.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了著名学者苏格拉底的故事。‎ ‎1．解析：for。考查介词。由“not for money”可知，此处应用介词for，表示“为了”。‎ ‎2．解析：what。考查连词。what引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语，表示事物的概念，符合语境。‎ ‎3．解析：dangerous。考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词，故用形容词dangerous修饰名词enemies。‎ ‎4．解析：falsely。考查副词。此处用副词falsely修饰动词accused。‎ ‎5．解析：leading。考查动名词。根据语境及and可知，空处与动名词teaching并列，故用动名词leading作介词of的宾语。‎ ‎6．解析：arrested。考查非谓语动词。arrest和句子谓语had之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词。且与其逻辑主语him构成动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。‎ ‎7．解析：were allowed。考查动词时态和语态。根据“was put”可知，此处表示发生在过去的事情，且allow与句子主语his friends and pupils构成动宾关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，即were allowed。‎ ‎8．解析：he。考查代词。根据空后一句“He had no fear of dying.”可知，此处表示苏格拉底死前很平静，故用人称代词he作宾语从句的主语。‎ ‎9．解析：tears。考查名词的数。in tears意为“哭泣，流泪”，为固定搭配，‎ 故用名词的复数形式。‎ ‎10．解析：bravest。考查形容词最高级。根据语境可知，此处表示“最勇敢的人”，故用形容词最高级bravest，与空前的定冠词the呼应。‎ ‎【三】‎ One of the major holiday shopping days is the day after Thanksgiving. It is __1__ (frequent) referred to as Black Friday. The use of the word “black” relates __2__ the business accountants. Storekeepers used to record profits in black ink and losses in red ink. So __3__ (be) “in the black” on the Friday after Thanksgiving means a good thing, a return to profits.‎ Black Friday is the big day for many retailers, and it presents the shopper an opportunity __4__ (get) all of one’s holiday shopping done at once among amazing sale prices.On that day, most retailers will open very early __5__ usually provide massive and attractive discounts on their products, while a great number of holiday shoppers will get __6__ early start in the morning to begin Christmas shopping.‎ Black Friday also means that people face crowded stores, __7__ is the other idea of a “Black Friday”， a day they do not like. It used to be the __8__(busy) shopping day of a year. Many people avoid this shopping day altogether because of the stress __9__(involve) in fighting the crowds. In recent years the Saturday before Christmas __10__ (see) the biggest shopping crowds.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了黑色星期五的由来。‎ ‎1．frequently　句意：它频繁地被称作“黑色星期五”。空处修饰动词短语is referred to，应用副词。‎ ‎2．to　relate to ... “和……有关”，是固定短语。‎ ‎3．being　分析句子结构可知，本处应用动名词短语being“in the black” on the Friday after Thanksgiving作主语。‎ ‎4．to ‎ get　它给顾客一个以惊人的价格获得商品的机会。本处应用动词不定式作the opportunity的定语。‎ ‎5．and　多数的商家都会早早地开门迎客，同时为顾客提供很多吸引人的折扣。本处and连接两个并列的谓语。‎ ‎6．an　an early start“一个早的开始”，此处表示泛指，故应用不定冠词；又因early的读音以元音音素开头，故用an。‎ ‎7．which　分析句子结构可知，本处应为非限制性定语从句，空处指代前面的“people face crowded stores”这句话，应用关系代词which。‎ ‎8．busiest　它过去常常是一年中最繁忙的购物日。根据前面的the可知，本处应用最高级busiest。‎ ‎9．involved　很多人避免在这一天购物，因为会卷入抵抗人群的压力中。involve与stress为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。‎ ‎10．has seen　根据时间状语In recent years可知，本处应用现在完成时，主语the Saturday before Christmas为单数，故用has seen。‎ ‎【四】‎ Young people and old people do not always agree with each other. They sometimes have different __1__ (idea) about life, work and play. But in one special program in New York State, the adults and the teenagers live __2__ peace. Each summer, 200 teenagers and 50 adults live together for eight weeks as members of a special work group. Everyone __3__ (work) several hours each day. Some teenagers work in the woods or on the farms near the villages. Some learn __4__ (make) furniture and to build houses. The adults teach them these skills. ‎ Everyone has several free hours every day and is __5__ (complete) free on weekends, too. During the free hours some teenagers enjoy photography or __6__ (paint). Others sit around and just talk and sing.‎ It is necessary to make rules __7__ people live together. In this program the teenagers and the adults make the rules together. When someone breaks the ‎ rules, __8__ group will discuss the problem. They will ask the questions like “Why did it happen？” __9__ “What should we do about it？”‎ After the program, one of the teenagers said, “This program has taught me that I should stop thinking only about __10__. I began to think about the whole group.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。成人和青少年往往不能和平相处，因为他们在生活、工作和娱乐方面的观点是不一样的。文章主要讲述了纽约州的一个特别节目是如何帮助双方相互理解，从而和睦共处的故事。‎ ‎1．ideas　根据“different”可知，其后名词应用复数形式。故填ideas。‎ ‎2．in　in peace意为“和平地”，是固定短语。故填in。‎ ‎3．works　根据上句语境及“each day”可知，此处用一般现在时；everyone作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。故填works。‎ ‎4．to make　learn to do sth.意为“学会做某事”。故填to make。‎ ‎5．completely　副词completely修饰形容词“free”，指他们在周末是完全自由的。故填completely。‎ ‎6．painting　enjoy doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”。故填painting。‎ ‎7．when/if　句意：当(如果)人们要一起生活，那么就有必要制定一些规则。根据句意可知，应填when/if，引导时间状语或条件状语从句。‎ ‎8．the　此处特指第一段提到的这个特别工作小组。故填定冠词the。‎ ‎9．and　由语境可知，此处用来连接两个并列的问题。故填and。‎ ‎10．myself　根据下文“I began to think about the whole group.”可知，节目教会“我”不再只为自己考虑了。故填myself。‎ ‎【五】‎ The best time to see beautiful lanterns is during the Lantern Festival, __1__‎ ‎ falls on the 15th day of the first lunar month. This year it is on Feb. 22, __2__ (mark) the end of Spring Festival celebrations.‎ Watching lanterns is a great __3__ (active). You see lanterns in any sizes and shapes you can imagine, from animals to plants and flowers.__4__ (make) it more fun, people paste riddles (谜语) on the lanterns.‎ In some places, people like releasing sky lanterns, which __5__ (call) Kongming lanterns. A sky lantern is a small hot air balloon made of paper, __6__ an opening at the bottom where there is a small fire source. When the bright lights fly high in the sky, people bless family members __7__ make wishes.‎ In old times, the Lantern Festival was also romantic. At that time, young girls were not allowed to go out very often except during certain festivals. __8__， looking at lanterns gave young people a chance to meet each other. A line from Xin Qiji, __9__ poet during the Song Dynasty, shows this: “Restlessly, I searched for her in thousands, hundreds of ways. __10__ (sudden) I turned, and there she was in the receding light.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了元宵节赏花灯的一些情况，并介绍了古代人在元宵节的活动。‎ ‎1．which　分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词“the Lantern Festival”，且在从句中作主语，故应用which引导该从句。故填which。‎ ‎2．marking　根据语境可知，今年的元宵节是在2月22日，这标志着春节庆祝活动的结束；分析句子逻辑关系可知，动词mark与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系，故用mark的现在分词形式。故填marking。‎ ‎3．activity　根据空格前的冠词“a”和形容词“great”可知，其后应接active的名词形式且用单数。故填activity。‎ ‎4．To make　分析句意可知，此处应用动词不定式短语“to make it more fun”作目的状语，置于句首表强调。故填To make。注意首字母大写。‎ ‎5．are called　分析句子结构可知，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词“sky lanterns”，且在从句中作主语，与从句中的谓语动词call之间构成被动关系，故用被动语态；“sky lanterns”为复数形式。故填are called。‎ ‎6．with　根据语境可知，天灯是用纸做的一个小小的热气球，底部有一个开口，那里有一个小的火源。此处应用with引导复合结构，在句中作伴随状语。with意为“和……在一起，具有”。故填with。‎ ‎7．and　根据语境可知，当明亮的灯光映在高空时，人们就会祝福家人而且许愿。“bless family members”和“make wishes”是两个并列的动作，应用并列连词and连接。故填and。‎ ‎8．Therefore/Thus　根据语境可知，古时候，除了一些节日外，不允许年轻女孩外出。因此，看花灯成了年轻人见面的一个机会。前后句构成因果关系，应用therefore或thus连接。故填Therefore/Thus。注意首字母大写。‎ ‎9．a　根据词法知识可知，此处应用不定冠词a表泛指，指辛弃疾是一位诗人，a poet作Xin Qiji的同位语。故填a。‎ ‎10．Suddenly　根据词法知识可知，此处应用sudden的副词形式修饰动词“turned”，表示“突然转身”，符合语境。故填Suddenly。注意首字母大写。‎ ‎【六】‎ The Pacific Ocean The Pacific Ocean is the __1__ (large) of the Earth’s oceans, covering about 46% of the Earth’s water surface and 32% of its total surface area. It extends __2__ the Arctic in the north to the Antarctica in the south, __3__ (surround) by Asia and Australia in the west and the Americas in the east.‎ The Pacific Ocean contains about 25,000 islands. The __4__ (major) of them are found south of the equator. __5__ water near the equator is less salty than that found in the midlatitudes (中纬度) for __6__ (abundance) equatorial precipitation (赤道降水) throughout the year.‎ The surface circulation of Pacific waters is __7__ (general) clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.‎ The exploitation of the Pacific’s mineral wealth is various, __8__ is influenced by the ocean’s great depths. In shallow waters off the coasts of Australia and New Zealand, natural gas is produced, and pearls __9__ (harvest) along the coasts of Australia, Japan and the Philippines. One more thing worth __10__ (mention) is that the Pacific’s greatest wealth is its fish.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界上最大的大洋——太平洋。‎ ‎1．largest　根据句意及空前的“the”可知，此处应该使用形容词的最高级形式。‎ ‎2．from　此处指它从北半球的北极延伸到南半球的南极地区。from与后面的“to”形成对应。‎ ‎3．surrounded　分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作伴随状语，且由空格后的“by”可知，此处指的是太平洋被围绕，表被动，故应用过去分词。‎ ‎4．majority　由空前的“The”和空后的“of”可知，这里应填一个名词。major本身可以作名词，表示“专业”，显然不符合语境。此处应用majority“大部分”。‎ ‎5．The　根据water后面的修饰语“near the equator”可知，此处应用定冠词The表特指。‎ ‎6．abundant　根据语境和句子结构可知，空处在句中作定语修饰名词，故应用其形容词形式。‎ ‎7．generally　此处表示通常，太平洋水域的表面循环在北半球是顺时针方向的，在南半球是逆时针方向的。应用副词修饰整个句子，故用generally。‎ ‎8．which　分析句子结构可知，空处在句中引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The exploitation，且在从句中作主语，故只能用which。‎ ‎9．are ‎ harvested　根据句子结构可知，pearls与harvest之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且本文的基本时态为一般现在时，故此处也需用一般现在时，故填are harvested。‎ ‎10．mentioning　分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作worth的宾语，worth后接动词时应用其ing形式，即用主动形式表被动含义。worth doing sth.“值得做某事”。‎ ‎【七】‎ China will allow all couples to have two children, __1__(give) up its decadeslong onechild policy, the Communist Party of China (CPC) __2__(announce) after a key meeting on Thursday.‎ The change of policy is intended to balance population development and meet the challenge of an aging population, according to a communique (公报) __3__(issue) after the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee held from Monday to Thursday.‎ The proposal must be approved by the top legislature (立法机关) __4__ it comes into force.‎ China’s family planning policy was first introduced in the late 1970s __5__(control) the rapid __6__(grow) of the population by limiting most urban couples __7__ one child, and as to rural couples, they can have two children on condition that their firstborn child was a girl. The policy was later relaxed. Parents __8__ were both only children in their family could have __9__ second child.‎ The onechild policy was __10__(far) loosened in November 2013 after the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, and couples are allowed to have two children if one of them is an only child.‎ 语篇解读：十八届五中全会公报宣布，中国全面实施“二孩政策”以应对老龄化，并回顾了中国计划生育政策的历史。‎ ‎1．giving　分析句子结构可知，give与句子主语China之间为主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填giving。‎ ‎2．announced　根据时间状语on Thursday可知，本处应用一般过去时。‎ ‎3．issued　分析句子结构可知，issue与communique之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词issued作定语。‎ ‎4．before　提议在生效之前必须得到最高立法机关的批准。before“在……之前”。‎ ‎5．to control　中国于20世纪70年代晚期开始实施计划生育政策以控制急剧增长的人口。本处应用动词不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎6．growth　此处表示控制急剧增长的人口，应用名词作宾语，故填growth。‎ ‎7．to　limit ... to ...“限定……到……”是固定搭配。‎ ‎8．who/that　夫妇双方均为独生子女的，还可以再生一个孩子。本处先行词为Parents，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故用who/that。‎ ‎9．a　序数词前用不定冠词，意为“再，又”。‎ ‎10．further　根据句意“一孩政策进一步放松”可知，本处应用比较级；由于本处不是表距离，而是表事物的程度，故用further。‎ ‎【八】‎ I found one time that helping someone could get you into a lot of trouble.‎ I was in the __1__(nine) grade at the time, and we were having a final test. During the test, the girl __2__(sit) next to me whispered something, but I didn’t understand. Finally I found that she was trying to ask me __3__ I had an extra pen. She showed me that __4__(her) was out of ink and would not write. I happened to have an extra one, so I put it on her desk.‎ Later, after the test papers had been turned in, the teacher __5__(ask) me to stay in the room when all the other students were dismissed. As soon as we were alone she began to talk to me about how important it was __6__(stand) on your own two __7__(foot) and be responsible for your own acts. For a long time, she talked about honesty and emphasized the fact __8__ when people do something dishonest, they are really cheating themselves. She made me promise that I would think __9__(serious) about all the things she had said, and then she told me I could leave. I walked out of the room wondering why she had chosen to talk to me __10__ all those things.‎ Later on, I found out that she thought I had cheated on the test.‎ 语篇解读：帮助别人有时会招致麻烦。考试时，“我”为了帮助一位女生，将一支备用的钢笔给她，未料监考老师却认为“我”作弊。‎ ‎1．ninth　根据the和grade可以判断，此处表示那时“我”在九年级，空处表示“第九”，故用ninth。‎ ‎2．sitting　分析该句结构可知，空处修饰前面的名词the girl且两者之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。‎ ‎3．if/whether　根据语境可知，“我”终于明白她在试图问“我”是否有额外的钢笔。空处引导宾语从句，故用if或whether。‎ ‎4．hers　分析该句结构可知，空处充当宾语从句的主语，故用名词性物主代词hers，指代“她的钢笔”。‎ ‎5．asked　根据该句中的were dismissed并结合语境可知，该句叙述的是过去发生的事，故用一般过去时。‎ ‎6．to stand　分析该句结构可知，该句中的it作形式主语，故用动词不定式作真正的主语。‎ ‎7．feet　根据空处前的two可知，空处应用复数，意为“双脚”，故用feet。‎ ‎8．‎ that　分析该句结构可知，该句为同位语从句，空处后的内容说明名词fact的具体内容，故用that引导同位语从句。‎ ‎9．seriously　根据空处前的think可知，空处修饰该动词，故用副词形式。‎ ‎10．about　talk to sb. about sth.为固定搭配，意为“就某事和某人交谈”。‎ ‎【九】‎ It was a busy day at the grocery store and an old couple were in line behind me with birthday balloons.‎ From __1__ they said, I knew their nephew had a twin and something bad happened to the baby at birth. Though they did all they could __2__(help) them but times were tough for them.‎ They seemed to be too nervous and were too __3__(anxiety) to leave, so I asked __4__ they wanted to go ahead of me or not. They didn’t understand what I __5__(mean) at first. After knowing it, they were very appreciative. But they stood behind me.‎ At that time I knew it had to be a significant day to them. Nothing could be __6__(good) if someone offered to help them. So I told the cashier to add the balloons to my purchases. The old couple refused at first __7__ I insisted. I said, “You tell your sweet nephew that there are still nice people left who wanted to give them __8__ hand in this world.” They thanked me over and over and the cashier was moved to tears, __9__(say) there was an angel in her line today.‎ That little act of __10__(kind) made everyone who saw it feel good — but it made me feel the best of all!‎ 语篇解读：本文为记叙文，讲述了作者帮助他人的故事。‎ ‎1．what　介词后接宾语从句，设空处为连接代词，此处表示“从他们所说的话”，故填what。‎ ‎2．to help　此处作目的状语，故用动词不定式。‎ ‎3．anxious　该词在系动词be之后且有too修饰，故用形容词anxious。‎ ‎4．whether　此处为宾语从句的连接词，表示“是否”，故用whether。‎ ‎5．meant　此处为宾语从句的谓语动词，主句为一般过去时，所以从句也用一般过去时。‎ ‎6．better　否定词与比较级连用表示最高级的含义。‎ ‎7．but　此处表示转折关系，故用but。‎ ‎8．a　give sb. a hand为固定短语，意为“帮助某人”。‎ ‎9．saying　此处作状语，非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系，故用现在分词。‎ ‎10．kindness　介词of后应用名词，故填kindness。an act of kindness“善行”。‎ ‎【十】‎ Paris attacks highlight urgency for concerted ‎ global fight against terrorism BEIJING, Nov.14 (Xinhua) — The loss of more than 140 innocent lives in the terror attacks in Paris late Friday once again sounded the alarm that terrorism is spreading，and the international community should wait no more __1__ (act) in unity against terrorism.‎ In a rampage (狂暴行为) __2__ shocked the whole world, terrorists used explosive devices and guns in multiple attacks across the French capital city and the __3__ (surround) suburbs.‎ From the national stadium Stade de France to theater Bataclan, there is smell of blood in the air. __4__ is fear.‎ The frequent terrorism activities in recent years constitute (构成) __5__ enormous security challenge not to one, __6__ all countries since terrorists ‎ recognize no national borders and they would launch attacks wherever they feel possible.‎ Many countries, including France, have been spending an __7__ (increase) large chunk of their national income on battling terrorism, but so far efforts by individual countries __8__ (do) little to control the spread of terrorism.‎ To stem the scourge (祸根) of terrorism, members of the international community have to join hands and cooperate __9__ a genuine manner. They have to pay more attention to improving education and employment so as to eliminate (消除) the __10__ (possible) of home grown terrorism.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了法国巴黎的恐怖袭击事件并呼吁国际社会联合起来共同应对恐怖主义。‎ ‎1．to act　国际组织应该立刻团结起来打击恐怖主义。此处为wait to do sth.的固定用法。‎ ‎2．that/which　这次的暴力袭击震惊了全世界。此处应用关系代词that或which作主语引导定语从句。‎ ‎3．surrounding　此处意为“周围的郊区”。surrounding “周围的，附近的”。‎ ‎4．So　空气中弥漫着血腥味，也有恐惧。“so ＋ be动词 ＋ 主语”表示前面的叙述的肯定情况也适用于后者。‎ ‎5．an　近年来，频繁的恐怖主义活动对所有国家都构成了一种很大的安全挑战。此处表示泛指。‎ ‎6．but　此处为“not ... but ...”结构。‎ ‎7．increasingly　修饰形容词large应用副词。‎ ‎8．have done　根据so far可知，应用现在完成时；主语为efforts，故填have done。‎ ‎9．in　in a/an ... manner“以一种……的方式”。‎ ‎10．possibility　此处表示“可能性”，应用名词形式。‎