【英语】2018届二轮复习状语从句学案（2页）

【英语】2018届二轮复习状语从句学案（2页）

‎2018届二轮复习 状语从句 ‎    在长期的教学实践中，笔者发现英语中表达“一……就……”的方式丰富多彩，结构灵活多样。本文就其表达形式、用法特点及错误预警加以归纳总结，便于大家更好地去对比、理解和掌握每一种表达形式，并在日常交际或应试中轻松应对，运用自如。‎ 一、从属连词as soon as 意为“A发生后就做B”，口语和书面语均常用，在句中的位置比较灵活，可用于多种时态，如：‎ I’ll return the book to you as soon as I have finished reading it. 我一读完就把书还给你。‎ ‎ The answers were announced on the Internet as soon as the examination was over. 考试一结束，答案就在网上公布了。‎ I’ll call you as soon as I get to the hotel. 我一到酒店就给你打电话。‎ As soon as Mother showed up, the kids cried out with joy. 妈妈一露面，孩子们就高兴地叫了起来。‎ Anderson left the hospital as soon as he had got his doctor’s permission. 一征得主治医生的同意，安德森就出院了。‎ 二、固定句式hardly...when...; no sooner...than...; scarcely...before/when... 意为“刚做完A就做B”。如果主句中的否定词hardly，no sooner，scarcely 置于句首，则主句要倒装，且常用过去完成时态。此外，no sooner…than 所描述的是已做过的事而不是将要做的事。scarcely结构中的before有时还可用when替换。‎ We had hardly got to the railway station when the train left. 我们刚一到火车站，列车就出站了。‎ ‎ No sooner had they reached home than it began to rain. 他们刚到家，天就开始下雨了。‎ ‎ Scarcely had he lain down on the bed before the boy fell asleep.  那男孩刚躺到床上就睡着了。‎ No sooner had the sports meeting started than it began to rain heavily. 运动会刚开始，天就下起了大雨。‎ He had hardly finished the essay when the electricity was cut off. 他刚写完论文，就停电了。‎ Scarcely had I settled in when I was informed to start work the next day. ‎ 我刚安顿下来，就接到第二天去上班的通知。‎ 三、名词短语the moment/minute/second/instant...作从属连词引出时间状语从句，后不再接when，否则会造成词义重叠。‎ The moment it broke out, the big fire was put out. 大火刚着起来就被扑灭了。‎ ‎ The students became quiet the minute the bell rang. 铃声一响，学生们就静了下来。      ‎ ‎ I’ll come to your help the instant I finish my work. 手头的活一干完，我就来帮你。‎ The rural worker was so tired that he fell fast asleep the minute his head touched the pillow. 农民工感到如此之疲惫，以致于头刚挨到枕头上就打起了呼噜。‎ 四、副词immediately/directly/instantly...  用作从属连词，引出时间状语从句。‎ ‎ The meeting was interrupted immediately it began. 会议刚开始当就被打断了。  ‎ ‎ The police caught the thief directly he escaped. 小偷刚逃跑就被警察抓住了。‎ ‎ The fans recognized the football star instantly they saw him. 球迷们一眼就认出了那个球星。‎ 五、介词on/upon + n./v-ing 引出时间状语。‎ In China it is considered ill-mannered to open it immediately on receiving a gift.在中国，刚一收到礼物后当场就打开被视为是不礼貌的。‎ ‎ Upon their arrival at the destination, the tourists started taking pictures. 刚一抵达目的地，游客们就开始拍照。‎ 六、短语介词at the (mere)sight/thought/idea/mention of...  作时间状语。The young lady felt sickat the sight of oily food. 那位年轻女士一看到油腻的食物就会恶心。‎ ‎ At the thought of her lost baby, the woman would burst into tears.‎ 一想到失去的婴孩，这个女人就会大哭一场。‎ ‎ He would get angry at the mere mention of the matter. 一提起这件事，他就火冒三丈。‎ ‎  上述结构均表示“一……就”、“刚一……就”，意思相近，其主要差异在于：就两件事的间隔时间而言，as soon as 较长，no sooner...than 适中，hardly...when 最短。在通常情况下可互换，如：“刚一听到警报声，消防队员就集合待命了。”一句就有以下六种译法：‎ ‎①The firemen fell in for action as soon as they heard the alarm.‎ ‎②On hearing the alarm, the firemen fell in for action.‎ ‎③No sooner had they heard the alarm than the firemen fell in for action.‎ ‎④The moment they heard the alarm, the firefighters fell in for action.‎ ‎⑤The firefighters fell in for action immediately they heard the alarm.‎ ‎⑥ The firefighters fell in for action at the sound of the alarm. ‎