2020届二轮复习专题三阅读理解第四讲词句猜测题课件

2020届二轮复习专题三阅读理解第四讲词句猜测题课件

第四讲　词句猜测题 词句猜测题是高考英语阅读理解题中一种常见的题型。通过对近几年江苏高考英语阅读理解题的分析统计可以看出，词句猜测题一般有 1 ～ 2 题。 在英语阅读训练和测试中的生词障碍往往会成为学生理解的 “ 绊脚石 ” ，这些 “ 绊脚石 ” 大致分为五类： 1. 旧词新义，考查词汇表中未出现的词义，如： Nearby is the Indianapolis race course ， where the nation’s most famous car race is held each year on May 30th. 我们学过 course 的意思是 “ 过程，课程 ” 等，在此显然不符句意。根据上下文 course 是汽车赛举行的地方，可推断 course 在该句是 “ 车道 ” 或 “ 跑道 ” 的意思。 2. 合成词、转化词与派生词，如 shoplifting ， heartbroken ， computer-literate ， decision-thinking ， imperfect 等。 3. “ 灵活 ” 的常用词增多，这些词必须根据具体的上下文语境才能正确理解。 4. “ 新鲜 ” 的外国人名、地名、专有名称增多，这些词有些带有一定的文化背景。 5. 超纲生词。 [ 典例 1 ] 　 (2019· 江苏卷，阅读 B) Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone.A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors’ centers.As soon as Christiansen saw the photos, he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera ： almost the whole park—2.2 million acres—was caldera.The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles across—much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level.At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans. 猜测单词题 60.What does the underlined word “ blow-up ” in the last paragraph most probably mean? A.Hot-air balloon. B.Digital camera. C.Big photograph. D.Bird’s view. 答案 　 C 　 [ 猜测单词题。根据本段中的 “ ...a nice blow-up for one of the visitors ’ centers.As soon as Christiansen saw the photos... ” 可知， the photos 所指的就是前面提及的 blow-up ，所以推断 blow-up 相当于 photo(photograph) ，故选 C 项。 ] [ 典例 2 ] 　 (2019· 全国卷 Ⅰ ，阅读 B) But he’s nervous. “ I’m here to tell you today why you should...should... ” Chris trips on the “ -ld ， ” a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers.His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.“...Vote for...me...”Except for some stumbles ， Chris is doing amazingly well.When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion ， Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him. 25.What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to? A.Improper pauses. B.Bad manners. C.Spelling mistakes. D.Silly jokes. 答案 　 A 　 [ 猜测单词题。根据本段中的 “ you should...should... ” 以及 “ ...Vote for...me... ” 这样的语句特点可知， Chris 的演讲不流畅，也就是说有不适当的停顿。这是他表现不好的地方，与画线词后的句意 “ 他完成得非常好 ” 构成转折关系，与短语 except for 的语意相呼应。 ] [ 典例 3 ] 　 (2018· 北京卷，阅读 D) A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure( 基础设施 ) and operations 40% by 2050.Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing.The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues ( 责任与维护问题 ).But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology. 49.What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A.Employed. B.Replaced. C.Shared. D.Reduced. 答案　 A 　 [ 猜测单词题。根据本段 The first commercially available...and maintenance issues( 责任与维护问题 ) 可知，鉴于无人驾驶的费用以及责任和维护问题，无人驾驶车几乎可以肯定将会被打车服务使用。故划线词是 “ 被应用 ” 的意思。故选 A 。 ] 解题技巧 [ 典例 4 ] 　 (2018· 江苏卷，阅读 B) Lighting matters, too.When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness, they couldn’t tell how much they’d had: those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else, but were none __ the __ wiser —they didn’t feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert. 猜测短语题 58.The underlined phrase “none the wiser” in Paragraph 3 most probably implies that the customers were ________. A.not aware of eating more than usual B.not willing to share food with others C.not conscious of the food quality D.not fond of the food provided 答案　 A 　 [ 猜测短语题。根据第三段内容可知，在餐馆里的灯光昏暗的情况下，顾客判断不出自己吃了多少食物，即使吃多了也不会觉得饱，因为他们意识不到自己比平时吃得多。故答案为 A 。 ] [ 典例 5 ] 　 (2019· 全国卷 Ⅱ ，阅读 B) I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule ， or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport.She may just need a little persuading.So I try again and tug __ at __ the __ heartstrings .I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on...At this point the unwilling parent speaks up ， “ Alright.Yes, I’ll do it. ” 25.What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean? A.Encourage teamwork. B.Appeal to feelings. C.Promote good deeds. D.Provide advice. 答案 　 B 　 [ 猜测短语题。根据画线短语前一句 “ She may just need a little persuading. ” 可知，这位家长可能需要一点点劝说。随后作者对这位家长进行了举例劝说。这些例子都是为了吸引这位家长来做志愿工作，故答案为 B 。 ] 解题技巧 猜测短语题要利用出现短语的上文与其意义上的联系或下文进一步的叙述来猜测它的意思或利用文章中所出现的与短语意思相反的内容来猜测其语意。 [ 典例 6 ] 　 (2017· 浙江卷，阅读 A) Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age.But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one.In those days, a brush was made from camel’s hair.There were no camels nearby.Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead.He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush. The brush did not last long.Soon Benjamin needed more fur.Before long, the cat began to look ragged ( 蓬乱 ).His father said that the cat must be sick.Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing. 猜测句意题 The __ cat’s __ lot __ was __ about __ to __ improve. That year, one of Benjamin’s cousins, Mr.Pennington, came to visit.He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings.When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes.He also sent six engravings ( 版画 )by an artist.These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen. 22.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 suggest? A.The cat would be closely watched. B.The cat would get some medical care. C.Benjamin would leave his home shortly. D.Benjamin would have real brushes soon. 答案　 D 　 [ 猜测句意题。由前文可知，本杰明在没有专业画笔之前是用猫的毛制作画笔的。画线句的字面意思是 “ 猫的命运将会得到改善 ” 。由该段后文可知，本杰明的表兄送给了他专业的颜料和画笔。由此可推知 D 项与画线句的意思相符。 ] 解题技巧 —— 猜测句意常用方法 一定位： 返回原文，定位画线句，利用语法和逻辑关系准确分析原句 。 二分析：分析理解画线句前后语境，合理推断句意。 三归纳： 归纳总结，找出与原句意思完全吻合的选项。 [ 典例 7 ] 　 (2017· 全国卷 Ⅱ ，阅读 B) We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back—he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.Paul and I didn’t see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together.We supported each other financially and by showing up at events. 猜 代词指代题 26.What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A.Their belief. B.Their care for children. C.Their success. D.Their support for each other. 答案　 A 　 [ 代词指代题。根据第三段第一句 “ We shared the belief that... ” 以及下面对 belief 的具体解释可知，画线处是指共同拥有这种 “ 信念 ” 使他们两人连在一起，故选 A 项。 ] 解题技巧 —— “ 就近原则 ” 判指代 第一步： 明确代词所指代内容的位置。代词永远出现在原词之后，故代词所指代的内容在这一句的前面一句中，或者前几句中 。 第二步：熟悉代词的含义。 (1)it/this/that 可指代一件事； (2)it/he/them/they/one/those 指上文提到的人或物； (3)which/that/who 等关系代词指代其所修饰的先行词，非限制性定语从句中 which 可指代前面整句话的内容。 第三步： 替换核实再比较。 (1) 用所找的指代内容替换画线代词，核实句意是否合理，前后内容是否一致。 (2) 比较所代部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。